Protection Devices and Systems for High-Voltage Applications

Vladimir Gurevich
Israel Electric Corp. Haifa, Israel

M A R C E L

MARCEL DEKKER, INC.

D E K K E R

N E W YORK BASEL

Contents
Series Introduction Preface Acronyms 1 in v xi

Problems of Overload and Spark Protection Systems for High Power RF Generators, Lasers, and Radar 1 1.1 Common Problems ofHV Equipment 1 1.2 Interface Relays 3 High-Voltage Interface RG-series Relays 2.1 HV Interface Relays for DC Circuits 2.2 The Impulse Action Device 2.3 HV RG-series Interfaces for Power Engineering 2.4 Special RG-relay-Based Devices 2.4.1 Relay Responding to the Current Change Rate 2.4.2 Differential RG-relay 2.4.3 RG-relay-Based Device for Current Measurement in High Potential Circuits 2.4.4 The Use of Spark-Arresting Circuits for Reed Switches in DC Circuits High-Voltage Switching Devices 3.1 HV Relay "Goliath" Series 3.2 HV Solid-State Switching Devices HVTS Series 3.3 HV Reed Switch Based Commutation Devices 3.4 Hybrid Commutation Devices 3.5 Reliability of the HV Commutation Devices Based on Serially Connected Elements 9 9 19 22 26 26 27 28 30 35 35 41 47 49 58

VII

VIII

Contents Low-Voltage Switching Devices for High-Voltage Power Supply 4.1 Soft-Start Thyristor Contactor 4.2 Soft-Start Contactor on IGBT Transistors 4.3 Power-Combined Device 4.4 Hybrid Power Relay 4.5 Hybrid Switch, Based on Anti-Parallel Connected Thyristors (SAPT) 4.6 Temperature Influence on SAPT Operation 4.7 Hybrid Reed-Transistor Switching Device for DC Circuits Applications for Power Engineering 5.1 New Relay Protection Technology 5.2 Hybrid Over-Current Protection Relay "Quasitron" Series 5.3 Are Protection Device for Switchboard 6 - 24 kV 5.4 Automatic Reset Short Circuit Indicator for 6 - 24 kV Bus Bars 5.5 High-Voltage Threshold Current Transducer 5.6 Single-Phase Ground Faults Protection 5.7 Ground Circuit Fault Indicator for Underground HV Cable Network 5.8 Current Transformers Protection from Secondary Circuit Disconnection 5.9 Protection Against Ferroresonance in Voltage Transformers 5.10 HV Indicators for Switchgears and Switchboards 5.11 High-Speed Voltage Unbalance Relay 5.12 Device for Protection of Electrical Networks with Insulated Neutral from Voltage Spikes, Producing by Commutation Apparatus Applications for Powerful Radio-Electronic Equipment 6.1 A Special Commutation Device for Unattended Booster Stations 6.2 System Protection for Powerful Radar 6.3 Protection System for Powerful Industrial Lasers High-Voltage Devices for Industrial Applications 7.1 Automatic High-Voltage Circuit Breakers 7.2 High-Voltage Laboratory Power Supply 7.3 Power Relay with Protective Contacts (REPROCON) 7.4 The Use of High-Voltage RG-series Relays in Electro-Physical Installations 65 65 67 69 VI 83 93 102 111 111 113 121 123 125 131 134 139 142 145 152

156 159 159 165 173 177 177 183 185 188 191 201

Appendix A: Selected Publications by the Author Appendix B: Sonie Types of RG-relays with a Special Characteristics

Contents

IX

Appendix C: Environmental Tests of RG-relays for MIL-STD-202 Requirements Appendix D: Components Recommended for Use in HV Protection Devices Dl Reed Switches D2 Solid State Modules D3 High-Voltage Thyristors D4 High-Voltage High Power Transistors D5 Low-Voltage Electromagnetic Relays D6 Connectors D7 HV Cables and Cable Assemblies D8 Capacitors DC/AC Appendix E: Insulation Materials for Production of RG-relays Appendix F: Engineering Equations for Calcuiations of Magnetic Conductivity in Magnetic Circuits and Electrical Fields for Some Forms of Electrodes Index

211 215 216 221 232 236 242 265 269 273 279

285 291