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H3C
CH2CH2COOH
N H2C=CH N H3C Fe N N
CH2CH2COOH
CH3
H2C=CH
CH3
2 globin chain
EPO inhibition
caused by increased oxygen levels
2 globin chain
1 globin chain
1/9/2013
Increased O2 levels are detected by the kidney, which inhibits EPO release by negative feedback.
Stimulation Inhibition
NET EFFECT 5 Increased numbers of erythrocytes enter the circulation, during which time the lungs oxygenate erythrocytes and blood O2 levels increase.
EPO
More erythrocytes carrying O2 EFFECTOR 4 EPO stimulates red bone marrow to increase the rate of production of erythrocytes.
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Surface antigen A
Surface antigen B
Erythrocytes
Anti-B antibodies
Anti-A antibodies
Plasma
(a)
1/9/2013
Agglutination reaction
No agglutination
Another surface erythrocyte antigen Presence determines Rh blood type When present, termed Rh positive When absent, termed Rh negative Antibodies to Rh factor appear when Rh negative person exposed to Rh positive blood e.g., inappropriate blood transfusion
Agglutination
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Rh Blood Types
Rh positive
Rh negative
Surface antigen D
No surface antigen D
Erythrocytes
(b)
1/9/2013
Formed Elements in the Blood: Erythrocytes What is the main function of an erythrocyte, and in what ways is an erythrocyte designed to efficiently carry out its function?
An erythrocyte is designed to carry hemoglobin, transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and the lungs. It lacks a nucleus and organelles to carry more respiratory gases, and has a shape that allows it to stack in single file.
Formed Elements in the Blood: Erythrocytes What surface antigens are present on a cell that is A+?
A-antigen, Rh factor (surface antigen D)