by P.Monika 10881A0479 Under the esteemed guidance by Mr.Prof.Y.

Pandu Rangaiah

 Introduction Why VoIP? Architecture Basic idea behind VoIP Ways in which VoIP can be implemented Devices in VoIP Contents in VoIP Quality of service Advantages and disadvantages Applications Conclusion References

 (VoIP) stands for Voice over Internet protocol is revolutionizing the world of communications. It allows you to make and receive phone calls over the Internet and IP networks for much cheaper than with the traditional landline phone network.

It also makes your communication experience much richer and nicer with a series of enhanced features and extended possibilities. With VoIP, we can make a call from anywhere if we have broadband

 Supports both voice and data. Call routing. Flexibility. Reliability services

 Continuously sample audio.

Convert each sample to digital form.

Send the resulting digitized stream accross an IP network in packets. Convert the stream back to analog for playback. Before the procedure above, the system must handle call setup. Phnumber to IP.

 PC to PC Phone to phone Pc to phone

 Access Lines (Local Loops):- Connects customer

premises to the local voice switch.

Switches:- Connect access line to each other.

Trunks:- In telecommunications, trunking is a method for a
system to provide network access to many clients by sharing a set of lines or frequencies instead of providing them individually.

Pbx:- PBXs make connections among the internal

telephones of a private organization usually a business and also connect them to the public switched telephone network(PSTN) via trunk lines. Router:It is
packets between overlay internetwork device that forwards data computer networks, creating an

Cont.

Router:-The device that forwards data packets between computer

networks, creating an overlay internetwork

ATA(analog telephone adapters):- A device which

converts analog signal from normal phone to digital signal necessary for the transmission over internet.

PSTN:- PSTN is used only for analog phones

PSTN is connected to adapter which is further connected to PBX

DSL modem:- provide internet acess by transmitting data over the

wires of a local telephone network,

 VoIP servers VoIP clients VoIP Gateways Codecs

VoIP protocols

Analog voice signal (sender)

Digital voice

Transmitted over the network

Analog voice signal(reciever)

Cont.

VoIP server can be hardware or software. Its duty is to conveying the voice and video data over the data network like internet. Responsible for call initiation and termination.

VoIP clients is also known as SIP clients. It is a software application It is normally installed on a users device to allow VoIP calls

VoIP gateways works as a bridge between PSTN and IP network. Gateways are used for converting the analog data into digital IP packets and vice versa for the transmission of the data through IP network. Gateway uses codec and IP protocols to work properly.

A voice codec is responsible for the compression of your voice stream within a digital packet. It also determines sound quality and bandwidth required to send the packet. A VoIP gateway typically supports multiple voice codecs.

For eg: G.729 is an audio data compression algorithm for voice that compresses digital voice in packets of 10 milliseconds duration.

 H.323 related protocol:- provides audio visual communication

network on any packet network.

Session Initiation Protocol(SIP):- signalling protocol used for

establishing sessions in an IP network.

Media Gateway Control Protocol(MGCP):- Coordinates

setup, handling and termination of media flows at the media gateway.

Media Gateway:- Terminates PSTN lines and packetizes media

streams for IP transport.

Cont.

Real time transfer protocol:- VoIP phones use RTP to carry media
data over the internet.

RTP Control Protocol(RTPCP):- RTCP monitors the control

information for an RTP flow.

RTP is originated and received on even port numbers and the associated RTCP communication uses the next higher odd port number.

SS7:-

is a set of telephone signalling protocols which are being used to set up most of the world's public switched telephone network(PSTN) telephone calls. The main purpose is to set up and tear down calls.

QoS (Quality of Service) is a major issue in VOIP implementations. The issue is how to guarantee that packet traffic for a voice or other media connection will not be delayed or dropped due interference from other lower priority traffic. Things to consider are:-

Latency: Delay for packet delivery

Jitter: Variations in delay of packet delivery Packet loss: Too much traffic in the network causes the network to drop packets Burstiness of Loss and Jitter: Loss and Discards (due to jitter) tend to occur in burst

Integration of voice and data More bandwith Cost reduction Video conferencing Fere IP to IP call

Phone line is down if braodband connection is down

Phone adapter and/or router should be occasionally must be rebooted.

Voice quality degrades if internet connection has latency, jitter or significant packet loss.

 Skype Nimbuzz Yahoomessenger Watsapp Line

wechat

 There are loads of benefits for using VoIP. One of the main benefits is the cost efficiency. Nowadays VoIP technology is generally used in all offices for making long distance voice calls with real time voice quality at low charges. So, VoIP technology will be the best source for long distance communication up to date. VoIP technology will be the trend of future. Already, more than 50 million people and businesses have begun to subscribe to a VoIP phone provider.

[1]. Black, Uyless D Voice over IP, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall, c2002. pp.314-316 [2]. VoIP in broadcast studio by Michael Doch and Steve Church [3]. Goralski, Walter, and Matthew C. Kolon. IP telephony. New York, McGraw-Hill, c2000. 468 p.TK5105.8865.G67 1999 [4]. Internet telephony, Lee W. McKnight, William Lehr, and David D. Clark. Cambridge, C2001,pp.367-377.