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PHE-09 ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET Bachelor's Degree Programme (B.Sc.) OPTICS

Valid from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014

It is compulsory to submit the Assignment before filling in the Term-End Examination Form.

Please Note
You can take electives (56 to 64 credits) from a minimum of TWO and a maximum of FOUR science disciplines, viz. Physics, Chemistry, Life Sciences and Mathematics. You can opt for elective courses worth a MINIMUM OF 8 CREDITS and a MAXIMUM OF 48 CREDITS from any of these four disciplines. At least 25% of the total credits that you register for in the elective courses from Life Sciences, Chemistry and Physics disciplines must be from the laboratory courses. For example, if you opt for a total of 64 credits of electives in these 3 disciplines, at least 16 credits should be from lab courses. You cannot appear in the Term-End Examination of any course without registering for the course. Otherwise, your result will not be declared and the onus will be on you.
Dear Student, Dear Sir,

School of Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (January, 2014 Cycle)

Dear Student We hope you are familiar with the system of evaluation to be followed for the Bachelors Degree Programme. At this stage you may probably like to re-read the section on assignments for Elective Courses in the Programme Guide that we sent you after your enrolment. A weightage of 30 per cent, as you are aware, has been earmarked for continuous evaluation, which consists of one tutor-marked assignment (TMA) for this 4-credit course. Submit your assignment response at your Study Centre. Instructions for Formatting Your Assignments Before attempting the assignment please read the following instructions carefully: 1) On top of the first page of your TMA answer sheet, please write the details exactly in the following format:

ENROLMENT NO. : NAME : ADDRESS : COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE : .. : ..

ASSIGNMENT NO. : . STUDY CENTRE : ... DATE : ....

PLEASE FOLLOW THE ABOVE FORMAT STRICTLY TO FACILITATE EVALUATION AND TO AVOID DELAYS. 2) Use only foolscap size good quality writing paper (but not of very thin variety) for writing your answers. 3) Leave 4 cm margin on the left, top and bottom of your answer sheet. 4) Your answers should be precise and in your own words. 5) While solving problems, clearly indicate the question number along with the part being answered. Write units at each step of your calculations as done in your study material. Marks will be deducted for not adhering to this practice. Take care of significant digits in your work. Recheck your work before submitting it. 6) This assignment will remain valid from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. However, you are advised to submit it within 12 weeks of receiving this booklet to accomplish its purpose as a teaching-tool. We strongly feel that you should retain a copy of your assignment response to avoid any unforeseen situation and append, if possible, a photocopy of this booklet with your response. If you have any problems or queries related to the course, you can write to us on the e-mail scgarg@ignou.ac.in or srjha@ignou.ac.in. We wish you good luck.

Tutor Marked Assignment PHE-09: Optics

Course Code: PHE-09 Assignment Code: PHE-09/TMA/2014 Max. Marks: 100

Note: Attempt all questions. Symbols have their usual meanings. The marks for each question are indicated against it. 1. Answer any four parts: a) b) c) d) e) For light waves propagating in vacuum, derive the wave equation for the electric field vector. (5) Discuss the role of rods and cones in perception of light. (5)

State the conditions under which we obtain fringes of (i) equal width and (ii) equal inclination. (5) Discuss three important applications of holography. (5)

Diffraction limits the image forming capability of optical devices. Discuss the validity of this statement with particular reference to a microscope. (5)

2. a) (i) What do you understand by the term birefringence? Discuss the distinguishing feature of the o- and e-rays. Draw diagrams showing o- and e wave surfaces when light passes through a calcite and a quartz crystal. (5) (ii) Show that plane polarized light and circularly polarized light are special cases of elliptically polarized light. (5) b) A student places a convex lens on a plane glass plate and observes interference pattern in reflected light when this arrangement is irradiated by monochromatic light. Discuss the nature of the pattern and discuss how can he use it to determine the refractive index of a liquid. (10) 3. a) (i) What are half-period zones? Show that they have equal area. (5)

(ii) A plane metal sheet has a circular aperture of diameter103 m . A beam of parallel light of wavelength 600 nm is incident on it normally. The shadow is cast on a screen. Calculate the distance of the screen from the sheet at which the aperture will transmit 3 zones. (5)

b) Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern is observed at an arbitrary point due to a vertical slit illuminated by a point source. Show that the intensity distribution at a point P is given by
sin I = I0
2

where I 0 = n 2 a 2 and =

b sin
3

(10)

4. a) Plane waves from a sodium source emitting light of wavelength 589 nm are incident on a circular aperture of radius 2 10 3 m. The diffraction pattern is observed in the back focal plane of a convex lens of focal length 0.3m. Calculate the diameter of the Airy disc. (5)

b) A typical thin film of refractive index 1.33 and thickness 1.5 10 6 m is illuminated by a point source of white light at an angle of 60. A dark band observed in reflected light corresponds to a wavelength of 500 nm. Calculate the order of interference of the dark band. (5) c) In problem 4(b) above, suppose that light is made to fall normally on the film. Which colour(s) will appear in the reflected light. (5) d) The electric field associated with a light wave propagating in vacuum is given by r exp [i ( kz 1015 t )] Vm 1 E = 50 x Calculate the wave number, frequency of the wave and magnetic field component of the wave. (5) 5. a) Why is pumping necessary for laser action? Compare and contrast three level and four level pumping schemes for a laser. (5) b) The refractive indices of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre are 1.64 and 1.53, respectively. Calculate the numerical aperture and light gathering capacity of the fibre. (5) c) Use of optical fibre has revolutionized the field of communication. Justify the statement. (5) d) The wavelength of red cadmium line is 643.8nm. Calculate the coherence length and spectral spread of the source. Take coherence time as 10 9 s and c = 3 108 ms 1. (5)

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TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR PHYSICS PROGRAMMES BROADCAST ON GYAN DARSHAN 1 January 2014 December 2014
This is the tentative schedule for Physics students. The students may approach their cable operator to avail this facility. Date/Day 05-01-14 (Sun) 12-01-14 (Sun) 19-01-14 (Sun) 21-01-14 (Tues) February 2014 02-02-14 (Sun) 04-02-14 (Tues) 11-02-14 (Tues) March 2014 04-03-14 (Tues) 11-03-14 (Tues) 16-03-14 (Sun) 18-03-14 (Tues) April 2014 06-04-14 (Sun) 13-04-14 (Sun) May 2014 11-05-14 (Sun) 13-05-14 (Tues)
5

Time Slot 9.009.30 pm 9.009.30 pm 9.009.30 pm 8.30-9.00 am

Course Code PHE-15 PHE-02 PHE-15 PHE-02

Video Programme Title Glimpses of the Cosmos Simple Harmonic Motion Exploring the Night Sky Dolan

January 2014

9.009.30 pm 8.30-9.00 am 8.30-9.00 am

PHE-15 PHE-06 PHE-02

On the Trail of Stars Second Law of Thermodynamics Coupled Oscillations

8.30-9.00 am 8.30-9.00 am 9.009.30 pm 8.30-9.00 am

PHE- 13 PHE- 15 PHE- 10 PHE- 06

Introduction to Crystal Structure Astronomical Coordinates Operational Amplifier Carnot Cycle

9-00-9.30 pm 9-00-9.30 pm

PHE- 15 BPHE- 101

Astronomical Measurements (Measurement of Distance and Brightness) Rotating Frames of Reference

9.00-9.30 pm 8.30-9.00 am

PHE -15 PHE -10

Astronomical Measurements (Measurement of Mass, Temperature and Time) Logic Gates

Date/Day July 2014 06-07-14 (Sun) 08-07-14 (Tues) 13-07-14 (Sun) 20-07-14 (Sun) 22-07-14 (Tues) August 2014 05-08-14 (Tues) 12-08-14 (Tues) 19-08-14 (Tues) 26-08-14 (Tues)

Time Slot 9.00-9.30 pm 8.30-9.00 am 9.00-9.30 pm 9.00-9.30 pm 8.30-9.00 am

Course Code PHE-04 BPHE-101 PHE-11 PHE-11 BPHE-101

Video Programme Title Vector Calculus Part-I Exploring Physics: Experiments with Low cost Materials Matter Waves and the Uncertainty Principle Wave Particle Duality The Bicycle: A Vehicle for Teaching Physics

8.30-9.00 am 8.30-9.00 am 8.30-9.00 am 8.30-9.00 am

BPHE- 101 PHE- 15 PHE -04 PHE- 15

The Physics of Dance The Milky Way Vector Calculus Part-II Stellar Spectra and Classification

September 2014 02-09-14 8.30-9.00 am (Tues) 07-09-14 9.00-9.30 am (Sun) 09-09-14 8.30-9.00 am (Tues) October 2014 05-10-14 9.009.30 pm (Sun) 12-10-14 9.009.30 pm (Sun) November 2014 09-11-14 9.009.30 pm (Sun) December 2014 14-12-14 9.009.30 pm (Sun) 16-12-14 8.30-9.00 am (Tues) 23-12-14 8.30-9.00 am (Tues)

PHE- 10 PHE -10 PHE- 06

Digital Modulation Amplitude Modulation First Law of Thermodynamics

PHE-06 PHE-15

Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics Stellar Structure

PHE-10

Transistor Biasing

PHE-06 PHE-06 PHE-10

Thermodynamics in Action Ushmagatiki ke Anuprayog Electronic Devices

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR PHYSICS STUDENTS ON DD1 (National Network) (January 2014 to November 2014) Time: 6.00 AM to 6.30 AM

Month/Date* January 2014 13-01-14 February 2014 10-02-14 March 2014 10-03-14 April 2014 14-04-14 May 2014 12-05-14 July 2014 14-07-14 August 2014 11-08-14 September 2014 08-09-14 October 2014 13-10-14 November 2014 10-11-14

Course PHE-13

Topic Introduction to Crystal Structure

BPHE-101 PHE-15

Ghurni Nirdesh Tantra (Hindi) The Milky Way

PHE-10

Semiconductor Diode

PHE-15

On the Trail of Stars

PHE-10

Operational Amplifier

PHE-02

Coupled Oscillations

PHE-10

Transistor Configuration

PHE-06

Thermodynamics in Action

PHE-15

Exploring the Night Sky

* Second Monday of every month