DEVELOPMENTAL TASK

ERIK ERIKSONs PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY Stage/ Age Actual findings Interpretations Justification

Trust vs Mistrust

As what his mother told him, Patient L

Achieved

In this stage children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.

(Infancy- birth to 18 months)

likes sucking his thumb. He keeps on crying when he feels pain, hungry and doesn't get what he wants. Besides of his personality shown, he still cared by his parents and provided the things he needed.

When he was almost 2 y/o, his mother told Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt him that he was trained to walk with assistance of his (Early Childhood 18months to 3 y/o) mother. At this age, he was the one who choose of what clothes he wants to wear. He was fond of playing toy cars. Achieved In this stage children is need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feeling of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.

At the age of 3 years old she likes to play with their neighbors Initiative vs Guilt like playing outdoor Achieved activities such as hide ( Preschool 3-5 y/o) and seek, and

"dakpanay", as what her mother said. She enjoys playing with her neighbors. childhood

At this stage, Patient L Industry vs Inferiority was encouraged by his parents and ( School age 6-12 y/o) teachers to study hard as well as to participate in joining activities in their school. Achieved

According to him, during his primary days, his always interact with his classmates.

Identity vs Role confusion Achieved ( Adolescence 1220y/o)

According to his starting to have a crush on the opposite sex.

Intimacy vs Isolation

( Young childhood 1840y/o)

Achieved

According to him, he is happily married more than 30 years.

Generativity vs Stagnation Partially achieved

According to him, even though he was suffering from stoke his happy because he has a family that supports him.

SIGMUD FREUDs PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY

Stage/ Age Oral Stage Birth to 18 months

Actual Findings According to Mr. L, he was breastfeed baby. And his always suck his thumb if he is

Interpretation Achieved

Justification
During the oral stage, the child if focused on oral pleasures (sucking). Too much or too little

hunger.

gratification can result in an Oral Fixation or Oral Personality which is evidenced by a preoccupation with oral activities. This type of personality may have a stronger tendency to smoke, drink alcohol, over eat, or bite his or her nails. Personality wise, these individuals may become overly dependent upon others, gullible, and perpetual followers. On the other hand, they may also fight these urges and develop pessimism and aggression toward others.

The childs focus of pleasure in this stage is

According to him, his Anal Stage 18 months to 3 y/o mother taught him where and what is the proper way of elimination. Partially achieved

on eliminating and retaining feces. Through societys pressure, mainly via parents, the child has to learn to control anal stimulation. In terms of personality, after

effects of an anal fixation during this stage can result in an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control (anal retentive). On the opposite end of the spectrum, they may become messy and disorganized (anal expulsive).

The pleasure zone switches to the According to him, he Phallic Stage 3-6 y/o was more attaching to his mother than to his father. Achieved genitals. Freud believed that during this stage boy develop unconscious sexual desires for their mother. Because of this, he becomes rivals with his father and sees him as competition for the mothers affection. During this time, boys also develop a fear that their father will

punish them for these feelings, such as by castrating them. This group of feelings is known as Oedipus Complex ( after the Greek Mythology figure who accidentally killed his father and married his mother). Later it was added that girls go through a similar situation, developing unconscious sexual attraction to their father. Although Freud Strongly disagreed with this, it has been termed the Electra Complex by more recent psychoanalysts. According to Freud, out of fear of castration and due to the strong

competition of his father, boys eventually decide to identify with him rather than fight him. By identifying with his father, the boy develops masculine characteristics and identifies himself as a male, and represses his sexual feelings toward his mother. A fixation at this stage could result in sexual deviancies (both overindulging and avoidance) and weak or confused sexual identity according to psychoanalysts.

Its during this stage that sexual urges remain repressed and children interact and play mostly with same sex peers. According to him, his

always mingle with Latency Stage 6 y/o to puberty his peer most specially his male peers. Achieved

The final stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened.

According to him, he got girlfriend during Genital Stage Puberty to adulthood his secondary days. Achieved

Through the lessons learned during the previous stages, adolescents direct their sexual urges onto opposite sex peers, with the primary focus of pleasure is the genitals.

JEAN PIAGETs COGNITIVE THEORY

Stage/ Age Sensory-Motor Stage: Birth through 2 y/o

Actual Findings According to him, he was breastfeed baby.

Interpretation Achieved

Justification During this stage senses, reflexes, and motor abilities develop rapidly. Intelligence is first displayed when

reflex movements become more refined, such as when an infant will reach for a preferred toy, and will suck on a nipple and not a pacifier when hungry. Understanding of the world involves only perceptions and objects with which the infant has directly experienced. Actions discovered first by accident are repeated and applied to new situations to obtain the same results. Toward the end of the sensory-motor stage, the ability to form primitive mental images develops as the infant acquires object permanence. Until then, an infant doesnt realize that objects can exist apart from him or

herself.

The child in the preoperational stage is not yet able to think logically. With the acquisition of language, According to him, he Pre-operational (2-7 years) always ask question in the things that surround him. Achieved the child is able to represent the world through mental images and symbols, but in this stage, these symbols depend on his own perception and his intuition. The preoperational child is completely egocentric. Although he is beginning to take greater interest in objects and people around him, he sees them from only one point of view: his own. This stage may be the age of curiosity; preschoolers are always questioning and

investigating new things. Since they know the world only from their limited experience, they make up explanations when they dont have one. It is during the preoperational stage that childrens thought differs the most from adult thoughts.

The stage of concrete operations begins when the child is able to perform mental operations. Piaget defines a mental operation as an interiorized action, an action performed in the According to him, his able to calculate Concrete Operations simple problem. (7-12 years) Achieved mind. Mental operations permit the child to think about physical actions that he or she previously performed. The

preoperational child could count from one to ten, but the actual understanding that one stands for one object only appears in the stage of concrete operations. The primary characteristic of concrete operational thought is its reversibility. The child can mentally reverse the direction of his or her thought. A child knows that something that he can add, he can also subtract. He or she can trace her route to school and then follow it back home, or picture where she has left a toy without a haphazard exploration of the entire house. A child at this stage is able to do simple mathematical operations. Operations

are labeled concrete because they apply only to those objects that are physically present.

This stage individual can think logically about abstract propositions and test hypotheses systematically Becomes concerned with the hypothetical, the future, and ideological problems

According to Mr. L, Formal Operations as a father he always

11

years

to looks up to his children especially in times of problems and decision making. His opinion is very important in the family and most of the time it was followed.

Achieved

adulthood