Paper Code: 21 20 Jan, 2013

CHRONICLE
IAS ACADEMY
A CIVIL SERVICES CHRONICLE INITIATIVE

IAS 2013 TEST SERIES

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT

Time Allowed: 2:00 Hours INSTRUCTIONS 1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK THAT THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS, ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET. ENCODE CLEARLY THE TEST PAPER CODE NUMBER IN THE APPROPRIATE PLACE IN THE RESPONSE SHEET. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test Booklet in the box provided alongside. DO NOT write anything else on the test booklet. This Test Booklet contains 100 items (questions). Each item comprises four or five responses (answers). You will select one response, which you want to mark on the Response Sheet. In case you feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response, which you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item. More than one response will be treated as wrong answer. In case you find any discrepancy in this test booklet in any question (s) or the Responses; a written representation explaining the details of such alleged discrepancy, be submitted within three days, indicating the Question No(s) and the Test Booklet Series, in which the discrepancy is alleged. Representation not received within time shall not be entertained at all. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Response Sheet provided. All items carry equal marks. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty. There will be no penalty for a question which is left blank. Before you proceed to mark in the Response Sheet, the response to various items in the Test Booklet, you have to fill in some particulars in the Response Sheet. While writing Name and Roll No. on the top of the Response Sheet in appropriate boxes use ONLY BALL POINT PEN. Use pencil to fill all the remaining ovals in OMR Sheet. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Response Sheet and the examination has concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Response Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test Booklet. Maximum Marks: 200

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Chronicle IAS Academy

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) All of the above (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) only 2. Consider the following about Sasakawa Prize and select the correct answer? (i) Prize is awarded to the outstanding individuals and organizations for their significant contribution to the protection of the environment and the promotion of sustainable development. (ii) Prize is given by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Nippon Foundation of Japan annually. (iii) This year's winners are Nuru Design, a company bringing rechargeable lights to villages in Rwanda, Kenya and India; and Trees, Water and People (TWP), an organization that collaborates with loc`al NGOs to distribute fuel-efficient cooking stoves to communities in Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Haiti. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) (i) only (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) All of the above 4. Consider the following about the Blue Carbon and select the correct answer: (i) Blue carbon is the carbon stored and sequestered in coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests, sea-grass meadows or intertidal salt-marshes. (ii) The rates of blue carbon sequestration and storage capacities in ecosystems are comparable to (and often higher than) those in carbon-rich terrestrial ecosystems such as tropical rainforests or peat lands. (iii) Unlike most terrestrial systems, which reach soil carbon equilibrium within decades, deposition of carbon dioxide in coastal ecosystem sediment can continue over millennia. (iv) As plant biomass in the oceans is only 0.05% of that on land, carbon sequestration is more effective in terrestrial ecosystems. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) All of the above (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv) 3. Consider the following and select the correct answer: (i) Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea also called Tehran Convention is a regional convention signed by the six littoral Caspian states: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Turkmenistan and uzbekistan in Tehran (Iran) in 2003. (ii) The objective of this convention is "the protection of the Caspian environment from all sources of pollution, including the 5. Consider the following and select the correct answer: (i) The Poverty-Environment Initiative (PEI) is a joint programme between United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (ii) It aims to support the integration of propoor environmental sustainability objectives in national development plans and budgets, so that the economic benefits of natural resource use are enhanced or maintained to contribute to poverty alleviation. (iii) Asia and the Pacific PEI Regional Support Programme currently extends to five national PEI programmes in Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Thailand.
Ecology & Environment

1. Consider the following statements about biodiversity hotspot and select the correct answer: (i) A biodiversity hotspot is a bio-geographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans. (ii) The concept of biodiversity hotspots was originated by Norman Myers in two articles in "The Environmentalist" 1988, & 1990. (iii) To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot a region must contain at least 0.5% or 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics, and it must not have lost at least 70% of its primary vegetation.

protection, preservation, restoration and sustainable and rational use of the biological resources of the Caspian Sea. (iii) Recently the Protocol for the Protection of the Caspian Sea against Pollution from Landbased Sources and Activities ("LBSA Protocol") has been adopted and signed in Moscow, on December 12, 2012. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) All of the above (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (i)and (iii) (d) (ii)and (iii)

Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) (i) only (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) 6. Commemorated every year on 5 June, World Environment Day aims at empowering people to become active agents of sustainable and equitable development. The theme for 2012 World Environment Day was... (a) "Biodiversity - Ecosystems Management and the Green Economy" (b) "Forests: Nature at your Service" (c) "Green Economy: Does it include you?" (d) "Greening the Blue"

(iii) "Mercury Club" has been established to recognize support for the negotiating process for the legally binding instrument on mercury. (iv) The fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to prepare a global legally binding instrument on mercury (INC5) was held in Geneva in January 2013. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) All of the above (b) (i), (iii) and (iv) (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
7. Match the following relationship between two species. Relationship Characteristic 1. Commensalism A. Both species are benefitted. 2. Amensalism B. One species is harmed and the other is not affected. 3. Competition C. Both the species get affected. 4. Mutualism D. One gets benefitted without affecting the other. Select the correct option from the given codes: 1 B B D D 2 D D B B 3 C A C A 4 A C A C 9. The rationale for greening rural development emerges from the Twelfth Five Year Plan (201217) strategy of faster, sustainable and inclusive growth. In this context Greening rural development will contribute to inclusive growth through which of the following? (i) Enabling the target growth rate of agriculture of 4 percent; this is important due to agriculture's multiplier effects. (ii) Regenerating common land and water bodies, which offer sustenance to the rural poor through provisioning of goods and ecosystem services. (iii) 'Crowding out' private investment in green businesses. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) (i) and (ii) only (b) (i) and (iii) only (c) (ii) and (iii) only (d) All of the above (a) (b) (c) (d) 8. Governing Council of UNEP has agreed on the need to develop a global legally binding instrument on mercury. Consider the following statement about this and select the correct answer: (i) Mercury is a naturally-occurring heavy metal that can be released into the air and water through weathering of rock containing mercury ore or through human activities such as industrial processes, mining, deforestation, waste incineration, and burning of fossil fuels. (ii) Mercury exposure can affect fetal neurological development and has been linked to lowered fertility, brain and nerve damage, and heart disease in adults who have high levels of mercury in their blood. 10. Consider the following statements: I. Under the 2020 Aichi Targets at CoP-10, it was agreed that at least 17 per cent of the world's terrestrial areas and 10 per cent of marine areas would be equitably managed and conserved. II. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) of India said that the country was currently conserving 12 per cent of the terrestrial protected areas as against the target of at least 17 per cent. Select the correct answer from the codes below: (a) Only I is correct (b) Only II is correct (c) Both I and II are correct (d) Neither I nor II is correct 11. Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): Primary succession takes place very slowly with a low rate of production of biological material.
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Ecology & Environment

Reason (R): Primary Succession begins on an area that has not been previously occupied by a community, e.g., newly exposed rock. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true

15. A clean technology involves 1. Reduction of wastes 2. Reduction of pollution 3. Reduction of energy 4. Reduction of material use Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (d) Only 3 16. The Planning Commission has identified Low Carbon Strategies for Inclusive Growth in 12th Plan Approach Paper. Which among the following is correct in this context? (i) Regenerate at least 4 million hectares of degraded forest. (ii) To increase density of cover on 2 million hectares of moderately dense forest. (iii) Increase the tree cover on 10 million hectares of forest lands, waste lands and community lands. (iv) Evolve and institutionalize Green Building Codes at all levels of Government: Centre, State and Urban Local Bodies. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) All of the above (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) (c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
12. Consider the following statements: I. Lentic ecosystem and Lotic ecosystem are two types of water ecosystems, the first dealing with flowing water ecosystems and the second dealing with still water ecosystems. II. Together, they are the two ecosystems that make up the study of freshwater ecology, also known as aquatic ecology. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Only I is correct (b) Only II is correct (c) Both I and II are correct (d) Neither I nor II is correct 13. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report assesses scientific, technical and socio-economic information concerning climate change, its potential effects, and options for adaptation and mitigation. The key findings of the report of 2007 are: I. CO2 atmospheric concentration rose from 280 ppm in 1750 to 379 ppm in 2005. II. Global average sea levels rose by 1.8 mm/ year over 1961-2003. III. Sea level rise is projected to be between 0.18 m and 0.59 m by 2100. IV. Only Northern hemisphere has observed a decline in the mass of mountain glaciers. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) I and II (b) II and IV (c) I and III (d) I, II and III 17. Consider the following statements about National Environment Tribunal and select the correct answer? (i) National Environment Tribunal was established in 1995 through an Act of parliament. (ii) It provides for effective and expeditious disposal and strict liability for damage arising out of accidents caused from the handling of hazardous substances. (iii) The tribunal cannot take up a case for compensation suo motu. There has to be an application for claim for compensation. (iv) The tribunal shall have the powers of the civil court in its proceedings. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) All of the above (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) (c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) 14. CO2 is the primary green house gas in the Earth's atmosphere leading to global warming. Which of the following group of nations correctly shows the per capita CO2 emissions (based on World Bank report 2008) in the descending order. (a) China>India>USA>Russia>Germany (b) Qatar>Trinidad and Tobago>Kuwait>Brunei Darussalam>UAE (c) Canada>Japan>UAE>Saudi Arabia>India (d) USA>China>Russia>Japan>Canada 18. Consider the following statements about Urban Heat Island: 1. An urban heat island (UHI) is a metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities.
Ecology & Environment

2. The temperature difference between the UHI and its surroundings is usually larger during the day than in the night. 3. UHI is observed during both summer and winter. 4. Increases the heat within urban centers decreases the length of growing seasons, and increases the occurrence of weak cyclones. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 3 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) All of the above

2. Derechos are more frequent during night time. 3. Derecho is frequently observed on the eastern coast of Australia also. 4. Derecho generally has a force exceeding that of a hurricane. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Only 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
19. Consider the following statements about concept of eco-mark and select the correct answer: (i) To increase consumer awareness, the Government of India launched the ecolabelling scheme known as `Ecomark' in 1991 for easy identification of environmentfriendly products. (ii) A picture of dodo, an extinct bird, has been chosen as the logo for the Ecomark scheme. (iii) The application fee for applying for the ecomark is Rs. 500. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) All of the above 22. Consider the following statements about Ecosystem engineer and select the correct answer: (i) An ecosystem engineer is any organism that creates or modifies habitats. (ii) Allogenic engineers are those organisms that modify the environment by modifying themselves. (iii) Autogenic engineers modify the environment by mechanically changing materials from one form to another. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) All of the above (b) (i) Only (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iii) 20. Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) regarding coral reefs? 1. Many coral reef provinces have been permanently damaged by warm sea temperatures, most severely in the Indian Ocean. 2. Up to 90% of coral cover has been lost in the Maldives, Sri Lanka, Kenya and Tanzania and in the Seychelles. 3. Coral populations on the Great Barrier Reef declined by around 50% from 1985 to 2012. 4. About 90% of the coral loss in Great Barrier Reef is attributed to coral bleaching. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4 23. India expects to put in place in five years a system of green national accounting. Consider the following statements in the above context: 1. Environmental or green national accounting is the method of valuing environmental assets, which are usually not counted in measuring national wealth, in part due to the difficulty of valuing them. 2. The method has been proposed as an alternative to an implied zero valuation of environmental assets and as a way of measuring the sustainability of welfare levels in the presence of environmental degradation. Which of the above statements are true? (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 21. In 2012, almost whole of eastern coast of United States of America came under the influence of Derecho, a linear windstorm associated with severe thunderstorms. Which of the following statements regarding Derecho is/are correct? 1. Derecho generally occurs in winter when the temperature difference between sea and land is maximum. 24. Emissions trading or cap-and-trade is a marketbased approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Consider the following statements in the above context: 1. A cap-and-trade system constrains the aggregate emissions of regulated sources by creating a limited number of tradable emission allowances, which emission sources must secure and surrender in number equal to their emissions.
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Ecology & Environment

2. In an emissions trading or cap-and-trade scheme, a limit on access to a resource is defined and then allocated among users in the form of permits. 3. Under a tradable permit system, an allowable overall level of pollution is established and allocated among firms in the form of permits. Which of the above statements are true? (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) Only 3

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
25. Consider the following statements: 1. Nagoya protocol provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. 2. Cartagena protocol seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology. 3. Madrid protocol provides for comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems. 4. Rotterdam convention promotes open exchange of information and calls on exporters of hazardous chemicals to use proper labeling, include directions on safe handling, and inform purchasers of any known restrictions or bans. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4 Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 28. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), is one of the eight national missions under India's National Action Plan on Climate Change. Consider the following statements in the above context: 1. The JNNSM was launched in 2009. 2. JNNSM has a goal of deploying 20 million solar lighting systems for rural areas by 2022. 3. JNNSM has popularized, feed-in tariff which is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology. 4. In order to fast-track JNNSM targets, the Payment Security Scheme (PSS) was initiated by the central government last year to counteract delayed payments by the utilities to grid-connected solar power projects. Which of the above statements are true? (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4 26. Which of the following statements is not correct? 1. The oceans have absorbed a third of all the carbon dioxide emitted since the Industrial Revolution. 2. The Ocean acidity has risen by 30% since the Industrial Revolution. 3. Increase in ocean acidity may lead to increase in the formation of coral reefs. 4. Land caused pollution of sea occupies the major percentage marine pollution. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4 (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only 29. The UN Decade on Biodiversity serves to support and promote implementation of the objectives of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, with the goal of significantly reducing biodiversity loss. Consider the following statements in this context: 1. Biodiversity banking is a process by which biodiversity loss can be reduced by creating a framework which allows biodiversity to be reliably measured, and market based solutions applied to improving biodiversity. 2. Bioprospecting is an umbrella term describing the process of discovery and commercialization of new products based in biological resources, typically in lessdeveloped countries.
Ecology & Environment

27. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding Teesta-III hydro power project? 1. The project in Sikkim has four stakeholders with Power Trading Corporation of India (PTC Ltd.) having the maximum (50.1%) stake. 2. The project is being developed by National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC). 3. The project will provide electricity to Haryana and Rajasthan also.

3. Biopiracy is a situation where indigenous knowledge of nature, originating with indigenous people, is used by others for profit, without permission from and with little or no compensation or recognition to the indigenous people themselves. Which of the above statements are true? (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) Only 3

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
30. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) unites 182 member governments - in partnership with international institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector - to address global environmental issues. Consider the following conventions in the context: 1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 2. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 3. UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) 4. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) For which of the above conventions GEF serves as financial mechanism? (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Which of the above statements are true? (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) Only 3 31. The Durban Climate Change Conference (COP 17) marks an important step forward in the climate change negotiations. Consider the following statements in the above context: 1. Durban Conference established a second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, which begins on January 1, 2013 and ends either on December 2017 or December 2020. 2. The Durban Conference decided to confer legal personality and legal capacity to GCF and that the Fund will function under the guidance of COP. 3. A web-based registry was agreed upon to be set up under the management of the UNFCCC Secretariat to serve as a platform for the developing countries to upload their Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) for seeking international support or recognition of achievement of voluntary mitigation goals. Which of the above statements could be named as achievements of the Durban conference? (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) Only 3 33. India has taken substantial initiatives to make the transport sector less emission intensive. Consider the following statements in this context: 1. Integrated Transport Policy (2001) promotes the use of ethanol-blended petrol and biodiesel. 2. The National Urban Transport Policy emphasizes the development and usage of extensive public transport facilities (including non-motorized modes) over personal vehicles. Which of the above statements are true? (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 34. Which of the following is/are not correct? I. The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of entire ecosystem. II. The Ramsar Convention is the only global environmental treaty that deals with a particular ecosystem. III. The treaty was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and the Convention's member countries cover all geographic regions of the planet.
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Ecology & Environment

32. The National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) is the key focus for government action for energy efficiency. Consider the following statements in this context: 1. Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT), which is a component of the NMEEE, is a scheme for trading in energy efficiency certificates that will cover about 700 industrial units and achieve a saving of almost 17,000 MWs of energy by 2017. 2. The NMEEE, by 2014-15, is likely to achieve about 23 million tones oil equivalent of fuel savings in coal, gas, and petroleum products, along with an expected avoided capacity addition of over 19,000 MW. 3. The Energy Conservation Act (2001) empowers the government to prescribe and ensure compliance with standards and norms for energy consumers and prescribe energy conservation building codes and energy audits.

IV. Unlike the other global environmental conventions, Ramsar is not affiliated with the United Nations system of Multilateral Environmental Agreements. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Only II and III (d) Both I and IV 35. Which of the following pair/s is/are not correctly matched? I. Ashtamudi Wetland------------Kerala II. Bhitarkanika Mangroves------Orissa III. Chandertal Wetland---------Himachal Pradesh IV. Hokera Wetland ---------Punjab Select the correct answer code from below: (a) III and IV (b) Only IV (c) Only III (d) I and II

3. The global warming is causing western storm during summer which is driving moisture-laden monsoon winds away from Rajasthan. 4. The heat generated in the atmosphere helps to draw the monsoon in the region. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 4 only (d) 1 and 2

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
36. The e-waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011 came into effect from May 1, 2012. The ewaste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011 will not apply to ----I. Lead acid batteries as covered under the batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001. II. Micro and small enterprises as defined in the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 (27 of 2006) III. Radio-active wastes as covered under the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. Select the correct answer code from the below: (a) Only I and II (b) Only I and III (c) Only II and III (d) I, II and III 38. Consider the following statements: 1. Taxonomy is the science which helps in exploration, identification and description of living organisms which involves study of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of organisms which is essential for applied biological sciences, including medicine, agriculture, forestry and fisheries. 2. A sound taxonomic knowledge base is a prerequisite for environmental assessment; ecological research, effective conservation, management and sustainable use of biological resources. 3. India is a signatory to CBD held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, so has committed itself to capacity building in taxonomy. 4. The Ministry of Environment and Forests launched the All India Coordinated Project on Capacity Building in Taxonomy (AICOPTAX) in the financial year 1999-2000. Under this various research centres for research and training had been set up. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 37. The desert is a unique eco-system with harsh climatic and terrain conditions coupled with an amazing grace that life and practices speak of, which conserve the natural resources. Yet something fundamental is changing in the Thar which is probably due to climate change. Which of the following could be included as possible evidences that may support the change? 1. Weather and its cycle are changing. Summer is getting longer and winter is becoming shorter day by day. Monsoon comes either before time, or very late. 2. Animals like deer, rabbits, 'godvani', part of the desert-scape are not so common now and vultures have completely vanished. The mainstay of the desert, plants like Sevan, Dhaman, Phog are also fast disappearing. 39. Consider the following statements in relation to 'BOBLME' project: 1. The Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) project is a project where eight countries connected by one eco system have joined hands to participate in the project as there are large marine ecosystems and their problems would be dealt with to create an Integrated Coastal Management policy. 2. India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Singapore, Cambodia and Thailand are the participating countries. 3. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is the Executing Agency for this project. 4. The BOBLME Project is funded principally by the Global Environmental Facility (GEF),
Ecology & Environment

Norway, the Swedish Internal Development Agency, FAO, participating Governments and the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA). Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All of the above 40. Consider the following statements in relation to 'BioDIVA' project: 1. It is a project jointly undertaken by German and Indian researchers seeking to promote agro-biodiversity, thereby enabling small and marginal communities to preserve their traditional knowledge, make a living, as well as protect the environment in north east Kerala . 2. BioDIVA project aims to generate knowledge and instruments for a progressive approach in agriculture that strengthens the position of women. 3. M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) based in Chennai is partner to the project. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 41. Consider the following statements:1. National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 will result in substantial lowering of vehicular emissions and decrease in carbon di-oxide emission to 1.5% in 2020 by lessening the dependence on fossil fuels. 2. As per the projections, 6-7 million units of new vehicle sales of the full range of electric vehicles, along with resultant liquid fuel savings of 2.2 - 2.5 million tonnes can be achieved in 2020. 3. NMEM is amongst the most significant interventions of the Government that will encourage the Indian Automotive Industry to shift to newer, cleaner technologies so that it builds its future competitive advantage around environmentally sustainable products, high end technologies, innovation and knowledge. 4. Bangalore based Maini group was first to launch India's first electric car in collaboration with USA which was later taken over by Mahindra. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 43. Consider the following statements: 1. 'My Ganga, My Dolphin' is a collaborative effort of World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)-India and the forest department of West Bengal under the aegis of HSBC. 2. The Ganges river dolphin has been recognized by the government of India as its National Aquatic Animal. 3. The Ganges river dolphins are one of the four living species of dolphins that reside in freshwater rivers and estuaries; it is locally known as 'susu'. 4. River dolphin is a critically endangered species in India. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4 44. Consider the following statements: 1. Rajiv Gandhi International Award for Harnessing Biodiversity for Livelihood was instituted by Government during Hyderabad CBD Summit. 2. UNDP India Biodiversity Awards are awarded annually to mark International Biodiversity Day on June 5 each year. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
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Ecology & Environment

42. At a time when the tiger population is fast dwindling, India has reported an alarming increase in tiger deaths. About more than 80 tigers died in year in 2012 itself. Which of the following can be chosen as possible reasons for such larger number of deaths? 1. The rising demand for tiger parts in various South-East Asian countries and the increasing man-animal conflict are the key reasons for the rise in tiger deaths 2. The last Tiger Census estimated that 30 per cent of tigers live outside the protected areas. 3. Tigers have an average lifespan of 8-10 years so close to 18-20 per cent of tigers die natural deaths. 4. To counter the rising numbers, NTCA recently issued a red alert and has declared that all tiger deaths will be treated as poaching unless proven otherwise.

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Choose the correct answer: (a) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) All are correct Which of these statements is/are NOT correct? (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) Only 4 (d) Only 3 46. Read the following statements: 1. The worst ever disaster in the history of the chemical industry occurred in Bhopal on 3 December 1984 when the leak of methyl isocyanate (MIC) from a chemical plant took thousands of lives. 2. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) was used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pesticide. 3. The furiosity of the accident was enhanced by switching off of safety system in order to save money. 4. Prior to this accident the same plant of Union Carbide had witnessed leak of phosgene and chloroform gases. Which of these statements are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 3. (b) 1 and 3. (c) 1, 3 and 4. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4. 49. Consider the following statements: 1. Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation or other defined zone. 2. Organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. Select the correct ones from the given code: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 50. Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): Anthropogenic climate change can be a major cause of loss of biodiversity. Reason (R): Adaptation and natural selection occur at extremely slow pace. 47. According to National Disaster Management Authority, the critical areas of concern for the management of earthquakes in India include the: 1. inadequate attention to structural mitigation measures in the engineering education syllabus; 2. absence of systems of licensing of engineers; 3. absence of earthquake-resistant features in non-engineered construction in suburban and rural areas; 4. lack of formal training among professionals in earthquake-resistant construction practices. Select your answer from the codes given below: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A). (c) (A) is true, (R) is false. (d) (A) is false, (R) is true. 51. Consider the following statements: 1. The largest Tiger Reserve of India is the Nagarjunsagar - Srisailam Tiger Reserve of Andhra Pradesh.
Ecology & Environment

45. Consider the following statements: 1. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, enacted by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MHFW) did not include "water" under the definition of food, though "bottled water" or "packaged water" was included. 2. Water under the category of carbonated water only mentions that water has to be potable but no quality standards except for the microbiological contaminant standards for the final soft drinks are specified. 3. The permissible limit of fluoride in water is 1 mg per litre but in states like Delhi and Haryana it is higher than 30 mg per litre. 4. Bacteriological/biological contamination is main problem of Surface water and it is bacteriological contamination which leads to diarrhea, cholera and hepatitis which is widespread in India.

Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1, 2 and 3. (b) 2 and 4. (c) 1, 3 and 4. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4. 48. Read the following statements: 1. Disaster management includes prevention, mitigation, preparedness and also reconstruction. 2. The Incident Command System (ICS) is a management system to organize various emergency functions in a standardized manner after a disaster has occurred. 3. ICS is currently applicable in European Union and the Government of India is to adopt it by the end of 2013. 4. The entire Himalayan Region is considered to be vulnerable to high intensity earthquakes of a magnitude exceeding 8.0 on the Richter scale.

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CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 4 (d) All of the above 52. In which of the following ecosystems an ecological pyramid of energy flow is often an inverted one? 1. Pelagic 2. Coral 3. Desert 4. Lacustrine Codes: (a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only (d) All of them Select from the given codes: (a) Only 2 (b) 1 and 3 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) None of the above 57. Which of the following statement is/are correct? 1. Mizoram has the maximum percentage of area under forest cover in India. 2. Tree cover estimate doesn't comprise of tree patches outside the recorded forest cover. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of them 53. Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome which affects Central Nervous System. Nearly 1,800 people died from the disease in the Japanese city of Minamata and it has had a major impact on the studies of pollution and toxicology. The disease is caused by (a) Arsenic pollution (b) Lead pollution (c) Silicon pollution (d) Mercury pollution 54. Which of the following biosphere reserves is/ are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. 1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 2. Nandadevi Biosphere Reserve 3. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve 4. Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 58. Consider the following statement about Ecotopes and select the correct answer: I. Ecotopes are the smallest ecologically distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping and classification system. II. Ecotopes represent relatively homogeneous, spatially explicit landscape functional units that are useful for stratifying landscapes into ecologically distinct features. III. Ecotope classifications stratify landscapes based on only biotic components such as vegetation, animals - as it considers a small area for mapping. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Only II (b) I and II (c) II and III (d) All of the above 55. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Pollution of seas and oceans is known as White Pollution. 2. The coastal zones of oceans, where dissolved oxygen has fallen to the level which threatens survival of the marine life, is known as 'dead water zone'. 59. Consider the following statements about Ecological succession and select the correct answer. I. Ecological succession is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. II. Ecological succession is non-directional therefore unpredictable.
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Ecology & Environment

2. India has a Memorandum of Understanding with Bangladesh on controlling transboundary illegal trade in wildlife and conservation, apart from a protocol on tiger conservation with Pakistan. 3. The Supreme Court has lifted the ban on tourism in the core areas and allowed tourism in 40 percent of the core areas of tiger habitat. 4. India has launched Phase- IV of Annual Tiger Monitoring programme.

Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of them 56. Consider the following statements. 1. The Tiger Census 2010 released on March 28, 2011 by the National Tiger Conservation Authority shows the tiger count in India has increased from 2006 census. 2. The new tiger number includes about 70 in the marshes of Sunderbans which were not scientifically surveyed earlier. 3. Kaziranga in Assam has the largest number of tigers in a single reserve.

III. It is community controlled i.e. a successional community will alter the environment so that the environment is then more favorable for a different community than the existing one. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Only I (b) I and II (c) I and III (d) All of the above 60. Renewable energy provides 19% of electricity generation worldwide. Consider the following statements in the context of renewable energy generation in India: I. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) is entrusted with the function of determination of preferential tariff for renewable energy and creating a facilitative framework of grid connectivity through the Indian Electricity Grid Code to developing market-based instruments like Renewable Energy Certificate (REC). II. One REC is equivalent to 1 MWh of electricity injected into the grid. III. The distribution companies, Captive Power Plants (CPPs) will have the option of purchasing the REC to meet their Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO). IV. NGOs, the Corporate Sector, Individual Purchasers, etc. cannot purchase REC. Which of the above statements are true? (a) I, III and IV (b) III and IV (c) I and III (d) I, II and III

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Which of the above statements is/are true? (a) I only (b) I and II only (c) I and III only (d) All 61. The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a fund founded as a mechanism to transfer money from the developed to the developing world, in order to assist the developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change. Consider the following statements in the above context: I. The fund was formally established during the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancun and is a fund within the UNFCC framework. II. One of the important sources of finance for the fund is the carbon emissions markets or the proceeds out of the carbon credits, which directly go into the fund. III. USA will not contribute to the fund as it has not ratified Kyoto Protocol. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) I only (b) I and II (c) II and III (d) I, II and III 63. According to UNEP "green economy results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities". Read the following statements with respect to green economy concept. I. It is based on the principle of indirect valuation of natural capital and ecological services with respect to economic value. II. It is calculated by using terms such as energy use/GDP, or water use/GDP. III. It is leading to green protectionism. IV. It helps in eradicating poverty and generates employment opportunities. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) I, II and IV (b) I, II and III (c) II, III and IV (d) All 64. Economic impact of global warming is costing the world more than $1.2 trillion a year, wiping 1.6% annually from global GDP. Which of the following industries could be negatively affected by global warming? I. Insurance II. Textile industry III. Poultry IV. Alcoholic beverages and soft drinks Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) III only (b) II and III (c) II only (d) All of the above
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Ecology & Environment

62. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is a set of steps designed to use market and financial incentives in order to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from deforestation and forest degradation. Consider the following statements in the above context: I. REDD is more than just deforestation rather, it is tied to measurable and verifiable reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation as well as sustainable management of forests, conservation of forest carbon stocks and enhancement of carbon stocks. II. REDD activities are undertaken by national or local governments, NGOs but the private funding is not allowed as it is driven by capitalism. III. Japan continues to be the UN-REDD Programme's largest donor.

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Which of the above statements are true? (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 66. Which one of the following is not true about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? (a) The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, is also called as the the Pacific Trash Vortex. (b) Great Garbage Patch is the place where ocean currents have deposited waste from all over the world in the form of a huge toxic mass. (c) The Patch is characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of pelagic plastics, chemical sludge, and other debris. (d) The patch is clearly visible from satellite photography. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 3 only (d) All of them 70. Tsunami causes devastation near the coast of the sea as the speed of the sonic waves generated at the epicenter is(a) Inversely proportional to the depth of the sea. (b) Directly proportional to the distance between the coast and the epicenter. (c) Directly proportional to the depth of the sea. (d) Inversely proportional to the distance between the coast and the epicenter. 71. Consider the following statements regarding National Clean Energy Fund: 1. The provision for creation of National Clean Energy Fund was included in the Finance Bill 2010-11. Its objective was to invest in entrepreneurial ventures and research in the field of clean energy technology. 2. Such projects may be sponsored by a Ministry/Department of the Government or submitted by individual/ consortium of organizations in the government/public sector/private sector in the form of loan or viability gap funding, as the IMG deems fit on case to case basis. 3. The projects and schemes eligible for financing under the National Clean Energy Fund will be approved by an Inter Ministerial Group (IMG) whose Chairperson will be Finance Minister. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) All of them 67. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect? 1. Mangroves in India account for 20% of the world's mangrove vegetation. 2. Sunderbans in West Bengal account for less than half of the total area under mangrove in India. 3. National Mangrove Genetic Resources Centre is located in Odisha. Select the answer from the given codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) None of them 68. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species. 2. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.
Ecology & Environment

65. India has taken a number of actions on voluntary basis with own resources in pursuance of a sustainable development strategy. Consider the following statements in this context: 1. India has adopted the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in 2008 which has both mitigation and adaptation measures. 2. India has announced a domestic goal of reducing the emission intensity of its GDP by 20-25 per cent of the 2005 level by 2020 to be achieved through a multi-sector low carbon development strategy.

3. The IUCN Red List has listed 132 species of plants and animals from India as 'Critically Endangered'. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) All of them 69. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The National Forest Policy (NFP) of India aims at maintaining a minimum of 38% forest cover of country's total geographical area under forests and trees. 2. The total forest cover in India is about 28%. 3. The area covered under Protected Areas (PA) and other conservation sites in India is approx. 9% of the total area.

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CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) All of the above 73. Consider the following statements regarding biofuel: 1. The growth of biofuels around the globe is spurred largely by energy security and environmental concerns. 2. Developing countries, apart from these considerations, also view biofules as a potential means to stimulate rural development and create employment opportunities. 3. Indian approach to biofuels is somewhat different to the current international approaches and is based solely on non-food feedstocks to be raised on degraded land or wastelands that are not suited to agriculture, avoiding a possible conflict of fuel vs. food security. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) All of them (d) None of them 76. Match the following: A. Inversion I. A layer of warm air in the atmosphere that prevents the rise of cooling air and traps pollutants beneath it. B. Flyash II. Air-borne solid particles that result from the burning of coal and other solid fuel. C. Aerosol III. Particles of solid or liquid matter that can remain suspended in air from a few minutes to many months depending on the particle size and weight. D. Attainment IV. Aarea in which actual area levels of air pollutant meet the health based primary standard (national ambient air quality standard, or NAAQS) for the pollutant. Select the correct option from the given codes: A B C D (a) (I) (II) (III) (IV) (b) (IV) (II) (III) (I) (c) (IV) (III) (II) (I) (d) (I) (III) (II) (IV) 74. According to an UN survey, which of the following regions have been credited for the slowing down of the global rate of deforestation through planting programmes? (a) Europe and USA (b) Asia and USA (c) Australia and Asia (d) Europe and Australia 75. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. India is set to become the first country in the world to come up with "blue ratings" on the lines of green ratings for eco-friendly ventures - for increasing management of 77. The Ministry of Environment and Forests serves as the nodal agency in the country for (1) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (2) South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP) (3) International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) (4) World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
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Ecology & Environment

72. Which of the following statements are correct? 1. India with its 328.73 million ha area is the seventh largest country in the world occupying 2.5 per cent of the geographical area; but it only has 1.8 per cent of the world's forest cover. 2. Forest management in India is constrained by the low per capita forest cover. 3. Compared to 0.6 ha per capita world average, the country has just 0.07 ha per capita of forests. 4. The country has about one-sixth of the world's population and about 18 per cent of the world's cattle population.

water, fast turning a scarce resource, in industry. 2. The Union Ministry of Water Resources has asked the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) to frame guidelines for increasing water efficiency in Indian industries. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of them

78. The mammals from colder climates have: (a) Shorter ears and longer limbs (b) Longer ears and shorter limbs (c) Longer ears and longer limbs (d) Shorter ears and shorter limbs 79. Match the animals given in column A with their location in column B: Extinct species Related country (i) Dodo (a) South Africa (ii) Quagga (b) Russia (iii) Thylacine (c) Mauritius (iv) Stellar's sea cow (d) Australia Select the correct (a) i-d, ii-a, iii-c, (b) i-d, ii-b, iii-c, (c) i-c, ii-a, iii-d, (d) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, option from the given codes: iv-b iv-a iv-b iv-a

Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) i-C, ii-D, iii-A, iv-B (b) i-A, ii-C, iii-D, iv-B (c) i-D, ii-A, iii-B, iv-C (d) i-C, ii-D, iii-B, iv-A 83. What parameters are commonly used for tiger census in our country's national parks and sanctuaries? (a) Pug marks only (b) Pug marks and faecal pellets (c) Faecal pellets only (d) Actual head counts

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
80. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. Under the Treaty, countries must meet their targets primarily through national measures. However, the Kyoto Protocol offers them an additional means of meeting their targets by way of some market-based mechanisms. Which of the following is/are among these mechanisms? 1. Emissions Trading - known as "the carbon market" 2. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 3. Joint Implementation (JI) 4. Common But Differentiated Responsibility (CBDR) Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 84. Which of the following statements regarding Biosphere Reserves is NOT Correct? (a) The Core zone of Biosphere Reserve acts as a genetic reservoir and is kept free from all human pressure. (b) Research and education activities are encouraged in the Buffer zone. (c) Biosphere Reserves represent example of natural biomes. (d) Biosphere Reserves are demarcated into two zones under the consummation on Biological Diversity. 85. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Convention on Biological Diversity was signed at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro organized by UN Development Programme. 2. The COP-11 conducted in Hyderabad in Oct 2012 where the parties have agreed to a 'Hyderabad Roadmap' that envisages doubling of the budget that developed countries need to raise for biodiversity conservation by 2015. 3. United states has not ratified the CBD convention 4. India passed the Biodiversity act in the year 2002. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4 81. Which of the following awards is associated with the writing of original books in Hindi on the subject related to the environment? (a) Rajiv Gandhi Puraskar (b) Medini Puraskar (c) Amrita Devi Bishnoi Puraskar (d) Pitamber Pant Puraskar 82. Match the following and choose the correct option i. Environment Protection A. 1974 Act ii. Air Prevention & Control B. 1987 of Pollution Act iii. Water Prevention & Control C. 1986 of pollution Act iv. Amendment of Air Act to D. 1981 include noise 86. Emission standards set specific limits to regulate the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO2), sulphur oxides, particulate matter (PM) or soot, carbon monoxide (CO), or volatile hydrocarbons. Recently India has launched Bharat Stage IV norms to control the vehicular pollution. Read the following statements with respect to the emission norms in India:
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Ecology & Environment

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) I and II (b) II and III (c) II only (d) All 87. Read the following statements about a sanctuary and identify its location: I. It is located on the southern shores of the Gulf of Kutch, was established in the year 1982 under the Wildlife Protection Act. II. It is the nesting ground of varied avian species. III. It is the first national marine park of India. IV. The fauna found here include: coral, dugong and the finless porpoise. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Dwarka (b) Bhavnagar (c) Jamnagar (d) Mandvi 88. When carbon dioxide (CO 2) is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that reduce seawater pH, carbonate ion concentration and chemical changes in the ocean as a result of carbon dioxide emissions has been termed as ocean acidification. Which of the following species are worst affected by the ocean acidification process? I. Coral reef II. Shell fish III. Seabirds IV. Pteropods Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Only I (b) I, II, III and IV (c) I, II, IV (d) Only II and IV Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 91. The unidirectional transfer of food energy from the producers, through a series of organisms with repeated eating and being eaten forms a food chain. Select the correct sequence of food chain in the Arctic waters from the following : (a) Zooplankton - diatoms - fish - polar bear seal (b) Diatoms - zooplankton - fish - seal - polar bear (c) Diatoms - seal - zooplankton - Fish - polar bear (d) Diatoms - fish - polar bear - seal zooplankton 92. Read the following statements and choose the incorrect statements related to bioremediation. I. Bioremediation is a process that uses microorganisms or their enzymes to return the environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. II. Bioremediation cannot act suo-moto, it may be employed in order to attack specific contaminants, such as chlorinated pesticides, oil spill, etc.
Ecology & Environment

I. The Emission norms are specified only for Passenger cars as they have become the main source of pollution due to rise in the passenger vehicle market. II. Emission norms mainly depend on the sulphur content in the diesel and petrol. III. Bharat IV norm has been released for 13 cities only but now by 2012, 20 more cities has switched to BS IV norms.

3. FICCI is one of the biodiversity champions which made a pledge titled "Sustainable Biodiversity Means Sustainable Business". Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 90. Climate change could aggravate the natural calamities and may considerably affect food security through direct and indirect effects on crops, soils, livestock, fisheries, and pests. Building climate resilience, therefore, is critical. Potential adaptation strategies to deal with the adverse impacts of climate change may be included as: 1. Developing cultivars tolerant to heat, moisture, salinity stresses, etc. and modifying crop management practices. 2. Adopting new farm practices such as resource-conserving technologies, crop diversification; crop insurance; and making available timely weather-based advisories. 3. Improving pest management and water management. 4. Harnessing the indigenous technical knowledge of farmers.

89. Consider the following statements with respect to Biological Diversity: 1. Hyderabad hosted in Oct 2012 COP-MOP6 which is a governing body of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety which was followed by the COP 11 on Biological Diversity. 2. Hyderabad Call for Biodiversity Champions, a programme that accept pledges from both governments and organizations in support of Strategic Plan for Biodiversity.

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III. The process of bioremediation is monitored by measuring the Oxidation-Reduction Potential. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) II only (b) III only (c) II and III (d) None 93. The poaching mainly along the international border along Rajasthan has been reported in newspapers which is not only a cause of serious concern for India but also in violation of wildlife protection laws and international conventions. The bustards are being the greatest sufferers whose population is decreasing due to such acts.

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Consider the following statements in relation to this: 1. There are 23 species of bustards found in the whole world, of these four are found in India of which all are included in the threatened grouping of Red List of IUCN. 2. The IUCN has categorised the Great Indian Bustard and Bengal Florican as Critically Endangered; Lesser Florican as endangered in the 2012 version of the Red List; and Houbara Bustard, another species earlier found in India, has been categorised as extinct. 3. Habitat loss, poaching and overgrazing on grasslands mostly contribute to the decline. 4. The experts from various conservation groups point that regulated grazing rather than total prevention of grazing, should be permitted in the grasslands to protect these bustards. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4 (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4 95. Consider the following statements and select the correct ones: 1. Eutrophication is a common phenomenon in coastal waters. 2. In contrast to freshwater systems where nitrogen increase causes algal bloom, the key limiting nutrient of marine waters is phosphorus. 3. Estuaries tend to be naturally eutrophic because land-derived nutrients are concentrated where run-off enters a confined channel. 4. Upwelling in coastal systems also promotes increased productivity by conveying deep, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, where the nutrients can be assimilated by algae. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Only 1 (b) 1, 3 and 4 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All of the above Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 94. There has been an increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere which has led to global warming. Consider the following statements: 1. Incremental carbon dioxide concentration may aid faster photosynthesis and the increased temperature may hasten maturity of food crops. 2. The effect of climate on agriculture is related to variability in local climates rather than in global climate patterns. 3. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded through its 96. Read the following statements regarding Yamuna Action Plan and indicate which of these are true: I. National River Conservation Directorate under the Ministry of Environment and Forests is the executing agency for the project. II. Yamuna river flows through Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh only. III. Yamuna Action Plan phase-III project is being assisted by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) I, II and III
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Ecology & Environment

reports that the poorest countries would be hardest hit, with reductions in crop yields in most tropical and sub-tropical regions due to climate change. 4. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has initiated a scheme on National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture in 2011 which is a multi-disciplinary, multiinstitutional effort covering crops, livestock, and fisheries and focusing mainly on adaptation and mitigation of climate change in agriculture.

CH IA R S O N AC I C AD L E EM Y
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 3 (c) All of the above (d) None of the above Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 98. Fly ash refers to the non-combustible material that blows out of the furnace after combustion of coal and presents a major environmental challenge in its disposal. Fly ash may contain traces of metals that include: 1. Lead 2. Arsenic 3. Mercury 4. Cadmium 100. What is Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)? (a) Ailment caused when an animal is shifted from its natural habitat to an artificial habitat. (b) Ailment associated with an individual's place of work or residence due to poor indoor air quality. (c) Ailment caused by living in a building in which fly ash has been used as an associate of cement. (d) Ailment caused to an animal due to sharing of habitat with other species which are vectors of a particular disease.
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Ecology & Environment

97. Consider the following statements about the hazards caused by electromagnetic radiation: 1. The fire hazard in the vicinity of explosives or pyrotechnics caused by electromagnetic radiation-induced electric current is commonly referred to as HERO. 2. The fire hazard in the vicinity of fuel storage caused by electromagnetic radiation-induced electric current is commonly referred to as HERF. 3. Severe burns caused by excessive electromagnetic radiation are because of dielectric heating.

Select the correct option from the given codes: (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 99. Invasive species appear to have specific traits or specific combinations of traits that allow them to outcompete native species from an ecosystem. Common invasive species tend to: 1. Have high dispersal ability 2. Have high phenotypic rigidity 3. Have high ecological competence 4. To be specialist species