07-ENR-RANJAN TARAFDAR

WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER USING 555 TIMER IC

Ranjan Tarafdar, B-Tech, 3rd year student, Guru Nanak Inst tute !f Techn!"!#y, $!de%ur, &!"kata700''( )adhu" na $ur, B-Tech, 3rd year student, Guru Nanak Inst tute !f Techn!"!#y D *yendu $ur, + fe )e,*er F-$ET, )e,*er IEEE, Ass stant .r!fess!r, Guru Nanak Inst tute !f Techn!"!#y

Abstract
Aut!,at c /ater "e0e" c!ntr!""er c rcu t s a s ,%"e en# neer n# %r!ject1 It can aut!,at ca""y s/ tch -N and -FF the d!,est c /ater %u,% set de%end n# !n the tank /ater "e0e"1 2!u can ,%"e,ent th s ,!t!r dr 0er c rcu t at y!ur h!,e !r c!""e#e us n# "ess c!st"y c!,%!nents1 The a%%r!3 ,ated c!st !f the %r!ject s 0ery "ess1 The ,a n ad0anta#e !f th s /ater "e0e" c!ntr!""er c rcu t s that t aut!,at ca""y c!ntr!"s the /ater %u,% / th!ut any user nteract !n1 The heart %u,% c!ntr!""er c rcu t s a NE 444 I56 here /e ha0e ,an %u"ated the f" % f"!% ns de the 444 t ,er I51 -ur %r!ject c!ns sts !f three /ater "e0e" sens!rs, !ne f 3ed at the t!% and !ther at the *!tt!,1 7!rk n# !f th s c rcu t s a",!st s , "ar t! a B sta*"e ,ut" 0 *rat!r1 $ ,u"at !n !f th s c rcu t s a"s! # 0en *e"!/1

Introduction
.e!%"e #enera""y s/ tch !n the %u,% /hen the r ta%s #! dry and s/ tch !ff the %u,% /hen the !0erhead tank starts !0erf"!/ n#1 Th s resu"ts n the unnecessary /asta#e and s!,et ,es n!n-a0a "a* " ty !f /ater n the case !f e,er#ency1 The c rcu t that /e are us n# ,akes th s syste, aut!,at c, 1e1 t s/ tches !n the %u,% /hen the /ater "e0e" n the !0erhead tank #!es "!/ and s/ tches t !ff as s!!n as the /ater "e0e" reaches a %re-deter, ned "e0e"1 It a"s! %re0ents 8dry run9 !f the %u,% n case the "e0e" n the tank #!es *e"!/ the suct !n "e0e"1 7ater +e0e" 5!ntr!""er e,%"!ys a s ,%"e ,echan s, t! detect and ,a nta n the /ater "e0e" n a tank !r any !ther c!nta ner *y s/ tch n# t !n:!ff the ,!t!r aut!,at ca""y /hen needed1 The "e0e" sens n# s d!ne *y three sens!rs /h ch are %"aced at d fferent "e0e"s !n the tank /a""s1 The three sens!rs are %"aced as f!""!/ n#; Sensor C- At the *!tt!, !f the tank1

07-ENR-RANJAN TARAFDAR Sensor B- A " tt"e a*!0e !f sens!r '1 Sensor A-At the t!% !f the tank1 The three sens!rs are ,a nta n n# the /ater "e0e" n the tank *y tr ##er n# < retr ##er n# the t ,er I51 =ere the t ,er I5 s act n# n ,!n!sta*"e ,!de !r !ne-sh!t ,!de1 $ens!r 5 carr es the >?cc su%%"y thus /hen the /ater "e0e" fa""s *e"!/ sens!r B the t ,er I5 s tr ##ered < the %u,% s ener# @ed thr!u#h a re"ay < trans st!r1 N!/ /hen the /ater reaches the t!%,!st "e0e" < t!uches sens!r A t retr ##ers the t ,er I5 !nce a#a n < and the %u,% s s/ tched !ff aut!,at ca""y1 =ence th s /ater "e0e" c!ntr!""er s !ne !f the chea%est < s ,%"est de0 ces /h ch %re0ents /asta#e !f *!th e"ectr c ty < /ater1

Components Re uired
1. .!/er su%%"y A'B0C

B1 NE 444 t ,er I5 31 Res st!rs A'00D3B, '0kD,'kDC (1 Re"ay A'B?, 30AC 41 $+ '00 trans st!r E1 'N(007 D !de

!o"er Supp#$ %or T&is circuit

F # 1' ; .!/er $u%%"y F!r The 5 rcu t

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A c"ass c 'B? re#u"ated D5 su%%"y *ased !n 7F'B s sh!/n1 Th s c rcu t /!rks !n 'B ? D5 su%%"y, /e need a ste% d!/n transf!r,er !f 'B ? 300,A1It c!n0erts n%ut B30 A5 0!"ta#e t! 'B? A5 as an !ut%ut1 Then th s A5 0!"ta#e s rect f ed us n# a rect f cat !n c rcu t / th ( d !des c!nnected n a *r d#e f!r,1 The !ut%ut after the d !de s 'B? D5 /h ch s rect f ed us n# rect f er 7F'B1 Th s rect f ed !ut%ut !f 'B? D5 s used n the c rcu t1

!in Con'i(uration o' 555 timer IC

F #1 B ; . n 5!nf #urat !n !f 444 T ,er I5 The 444 t ,er I5 s an nte#rated c rcu t Ach %C used n a 0ar ety !f t ,er, %u"se #enerat !n, and !sc ""at!r a%%" cat !ns1 The 444 can *e used t! %r!0 de t ,e de"ays, as an !sc ""at!r, and as a f" %-f"!% e"e,ent1 The NE444 %arts /ere c!,,erc a" te,%erature ran#e, 0 G5 t! >70 G5, and the $E444 %art nu,*er des #nated the , " tary te,%erature ran#e, H44 G5 t! >'B4 G51 These /ere a0a "a*"e n *!th h #h-re" a* " ty ,eta" can AT %acka#eC and ne3%ens 0e e%!3y %"ast c A? %acka#eC %acka#es1 Thus the fu"" %art nu,*ers /ere NE444?, NE444T, $E444?, and $E444T1

Monostab#e mode o' 555 Timer IC

In !ur "e0e" c!ntr!""er t ,er I5 /!rks !n ,!n!sta*"e ,!de1 In th s ,!de, the 444 funct !ns as a I!ne-sh!tI %u"se #enerat!r1

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F #1 3 ; Res%!nse n )!n!sta*"e ,!de

F #1 (; Interna" c rcu t 444 T ,er

The %u"se *e# ns /hen the 444 t ,er rece 0es a s #na" at the tr ##er n%ut that fa""s *e"!/ a th rd !f the 0!"ta#e su%%"y1 The / dth !f the !ut%ut %u"se s deter, ned *y the t ,e c!nstant !f an R5 net/!rk, /h ch c!ns sts !f a ca%ac t!r A5C and a res st!rARC1 The !ut%ut %u"se ends /hen the 0!"ta#e !n the ca%ac t!r eJua"s B:3 !f the su%%"y 0!"ta#e1 The !ut%ut %u"se / dth can *e "en#thened !r sh!rtened t! the need !f the s%ec f c a%%" cat !n *y adjust n# the 0a"ues !f R and 51 The !ut%ut %u"se / dth !f t ,e t, /h ch s the t ,e t takes t! char#e 5 t! B:3 !f the su%%"y 0!"ta#e, s # 0en *y

/here t s n sec!nds, R s n !h,s and 5 s n farads1

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F #14; 5 rcu t D a#ra,

Wor)in( o' Automatic "ater tan) #e*e# contro##er

7e kn!/ the %r!%erty !f 444 t ,er I5, 1e1 ts !ut%ut #!es =IG= /hen 0!"ta#e at the sec!nd % nAtr ##er % nC s "ess than ':3 ?cc1

A"s! /e can reset *ack the I5 *y a%%"y n# a +-7 0!"ta#e at the (th % n AReset % nC1 In th s %r!ject 3 / res are d %%ed n /ater tank1 +et us def ne t/! /ater "e0e"sB!tt!, A+C "e0e" and T!% A=C "e0e"1 -ne !f the / re !r %r!*e s fr!, ?cc, /h ch can *e ca""ed as , dd"e "e0e" A)C1

F #1E; .!s t !n !f three sens!rs n t ,er 444

The %r!*e fr!, *!tt!, "e0e" s c!nnected t! the tr ##er ABndC % n !f 444 I51 $! the 0!"ta#e at Bnd % n s ?cc /hen t s c!0ered *y /ater1

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7hen /ater "e0e" #!es d!/n, the Bnd % n #ets d sc!nnectedAunt!uchedC fr!, /ater 1e1 0!"ta#e at the tr ##er % n *ec!,es "ess than ?cc1 Then the !ut%ut !f 444 *ec!,es h #h1

The !ut%ut !f 444 s fed t! a $+ '00 trans st!r, t ener# @es the re"ay c! " and the /ater %u,% set s turned -N1

F #17; $+ '00 trans st!r

7h "e the /ater "e0e" r ses, the t!% "e0e" %r!*e s c!0ered *y /ater and the trans st!r *ec!,es -N1 Its c!""ect!r 0!"ta#e #!es t! ?ceAsatC K01B?1

The "!/ 0!"ta#e at the (th % n resets the I51 $! the !ut%ut !f 444 *ec!,es 0?1 =ence the ,!t!r / "" turn -FF aut!,at ca""y1

F!r %ract ca" ,%"e,entat !n, y!u ,ust use a re"ay1 Rat n# !f re"ay s ch!sen acc!rd n# t! the "!ad A)!t!rC1 3B A,%ere re"ay s *est su ted f!r d!,est c a%%" cat !ns1

!robe+Sensor arran(ement dia(ram

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F #1F; .r!*e:$ens!r arran#e,ent d a#ra,

The %r!*es can *e arran#ed as sh!/n n the d a#ra, a*!0e1 Insu"ated A"u, n u, / res can *e used as the %r!*es1 The %r!*es can *e * nded !n a %"ast c r!d and sh!u"d *e erected 0ert ca""y ns de the tank1 The "en#th !f the %r!*es / res and the su%%!rt n# %"ast c r!d ,ust *e ch!sen acc!rd n# t! the de%th !f the tank1 $ nce D5 s used n the "e0e" sens n# sect !n e"ectr!"ys s / "" !ccur n the %r!*es and s! the %r!*es reJu re s,a"" ,a ntenances n E !r 7 ,!nth nter0a"s1

Conc#usion
Thus *y us n# th s s ,%"e arran#e,ent /e can sa0e /asta#e !f /ater and e"ectr c ty1 It s 0ery ,%!rtant f!r us t! c!ntr!" the use !f natura" s!urce !f ener#y1 By us n# th s c rcu t /e can s!"0e !ur %ur%!se 0ery eas "y1

Re'erence
///1e*!!k*r!/se1c!, ///1e"ectr!n csf!ry!u1c!, ///1d # tek1 n ///1sr d # tek1c!,