Commercial Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems GE 2.

5xl Techincal description and data

1 Introduction The intention of this document is to technically describe the basic features of the Wind Turbine Generator System GE 2.5xl. 2 Sa ety De!ices All safety devices comply with ! "#$ E$ 2%& ' Safety distances to prevent dan(er )ones from bein( reached by the upper limbs ! "#$ E$ *++ ' Safety distances to prevent dan(er )ones from bein( reached by the lower limbs All control elements can be easily and safely reached and have been clearly identified and secured a(ainst unintentional actuation. 2.1 Sa ety "arness The safety harness is used to secure persons durin( ascent to and descent from the nacelle of the WTGS and when carryin( out wor, in areas where there is a fallin( ha)ard. 2.2 Tra!ellin# Sa ety "oo$ To(ether with the safety harness- the travellin( safety hoo, constitutes a safety device for ascent.descent via the ladder inside the tower. 2.% &ire Extin#uishers Two fire extin(uishers are available in the WTGS. /ne fire extin(uisher is mounted on the down tower assembly in the tower base- the other one on the top box in the nacelle. 2.' &irst (id )ox A 0irst Aid box is located in the nacelle of the WTGS for the treatment of minor in1uries. 2.5 Emer#ency Exit The wind turbine (enerator system is provided with an emer(ency exit system consistin( of an emer(ency descendin( device. The emer(ency exit consists of a hatch located at the bac, of the nacelle. % Desi#n Guidelines The desi(n of the system is based on the followin( (uidelines +. #E2 3+ &44 ' Wind Turbine Generator Systems 2. "#5t 6German #nstitute for 2onstruction Technolo(y7 ' (uideline for wind ener(y (enerator systems 6issued 244&7 8. Germanischer 9loyd ' Guideline for the certification of wind ener(y (enerator systems 6issued 24487 &. "#$ E$ 5484* 6issued :arch 24457 Guidelines + and 2 define the wind and ambient conditions for determinin( the total load as a result of the aerodynamic- dynamic and static loadin( of the system. The

Germanischer 9loyd (uideline 6no. 87 is used for the component;specific desi(n. Guideline no. & defines occupational safety for wind turbine (enerator systems. <pon reachin( the cut;in wind speed the turbine is (oin( to start the electricity production. 5eyond the cut;out wind speed the turbine is (oin( to be stopped. The system can also be operated at a reduced noise level with a respectively adapted power curve. The wind turbine can be operated within the ran(e of the standard operatin( temperature conditions. ' Description o the Wind Turbine Generator System and its *ain Components The WTGS is a variable speed- pitch controlled 8;blade hori)ontal axis upwind turbine with a rotor diameter of +44 m. The rotor and nacelle are mounted on the top of a tubular steel tower. The rotor rotates cloc,wise- as viewed facin( the WTG. The WTGS are e=uipped with active yaw systems which correct the orientation of the WTGS to the wind. An active blade pitch control and a permanent ma(net (enerator converter system enable variable;speed operation. A transformer transforms the volta(e level of the (enerator to the re=uired (rid volta(e.
> +25 m

0i(. + GE 2.5xl with ?5 m hub hei(ht

0i(. & $acelle

The mechanical structure of the WTGS is based on the concept of the modular drive train. @ere the rotor is supported independently of the (earbox at 2 points. The main (earbox is connected to the rotor shaft by a simple flan(e connection. The main shaft is allowed to rotate throu(h the use of one or more bearin(s. The (enerator is located in the rear of the nacelle. '.1 +otor The rotor refers to the assembly of the blades- plus the hub and the pitch drive controls- not includin( the shaft. '.1.1 )lades The blades may be provided with special mar,in(s 6blade paintwor,7 for visibility durin( daytime in accordance with the re=uirements. The blade desi(n meets the (uidelines of Germanischer 9loyd. The blade is protected a(ainst li(htnin( by means of a multiple;receptor system '.1.2 ,itch System or +otor Speed and ,o-er Control Three pitch drives and pitch control systems are used to control the blade pitch. The overall pitch an(le ran(e extends from 4A to %4A. As the wind speed increases- the blade an(le of the rotor blades is ad1usted in such a way that an optimum ener(y yield is obtained with minimum loadin(. /nce nominal power has been reached and if the wind speed continues to increase- the power input of the rotor is limited to rated power by further ad1ustment of the pitch an(le. To perform bra,in( operations- the blades are moved to the featherin( position at a speed defined in the controller. '.1.% "ub The hub connects the three rotor blades to the main shaft of the mechanical drive train. The hub is connected to the rotor shaft by means of a flan(ed connection usin( bolts.

'.2 *echanical Dri!e Train '.2.1 *ain )earin# and *ain )earin# "ousin# 5earin(s are installed in the top part of the cast base frame. '.2.2 *ain Gearbox The main (earbox of the wind turbine (enerator system converts the ener(y of the rotor from low speed and hi(h tor=ue on the input side of the (earbox to hi(h speed and low tor=ue on the (enerator side. The rotor shaft and the main (earbox are connected by a special flan(e system. An oil cooler system is employed to ,eep the oil temperature within desi(n limits. '.2.% )ra$e System #n normal operation- the WTGS is bra,ed by ad1ustin( the blades towards the featherin( position. /nly 2 blades need to be ad1usted to decelerate the WTGS safely into the idlin( mode. The wind turbine (enerator system is e=uipped with an active hydraulic dis, bra,e which is mounted on the hi(h;speed shaft. This bra,e system is only used to support emer(ency bra,in( of the WTGS- a manual stop- a complete shutdown of the WTGS and a shutdown durin( maintenance wor,. '.2.' +otor .oc$ The rotor loc, must be en(a(ed for certain ,inds of installation and maintenance wor,. 0or example, entering the rotor hub without applying the rotor lock is strictly forbidden. '.2.5 Couplin# The (earbox and (enerator are supported in elastic structure;borne;noise insulation elements. As a result- axial and radial displacements could arise. These are compensated for by the couplin( between the (earbox and (enerator with simultaneous transmission of the tor=ue. '.% /acelle '.%.1 )ase &rame A base frame provides support for the (enerator and the (earbox- and rests on the tower so it can be rotated via the yaw bearin(. '.%.2 0a- System The yaw bearin( is desi(ned as a four;point contact bearin( with a toothed outer race. The bearin( is installed between the nacelle and the tower top and enables the top of the WTGS to be completely turned around the tower axis to enable the orientation of the rotor to the wind to be corrected. :ultiple yaw drives are installed on the base frame of the WTGS and en(a(e in the teeth of the yaw bearin( with their output pinion. '.%.% /acelle Enclosure The nacelle enclosure consists of several parts and is manufactured from (lass fiber reinforced plastic. The li(htin( system for the interior is installed on the nacelle enclosure. There is also a hatch with a transparent cover at the front part of the roof of the nacelle enclosure. The hub and the blades can be accessed via the nose cone by climbin( onto the nacelle throu(h this hatch.

'.%.' /acelle Enclosure Crane To facilitate maintenance wor, in the nacelle- a brid(e crane is inte(rated in the nacelle enclosure. The crane can be moved over the entire len(th of the nacelle. Tools and spare parts can be lifted from the tower base and passed into the nacelle throu(h the hatch in the rear section of the enclosure by means of an electrically operated winch. A short chain hoist- which is suspended from the crane trolley- is used to manipulate the components inside the nacelle. '.%.5 Wind speed measurement e1uipment The wind speed measurement e=uipment consists of two wind vanes and two anemometers which are mounted on a steel mast on the nacelle. The steel mast also acts as a li(htnin( conductor. '.%.2 "a3ard )eacon4 5bstruction .i#ht The wind turbine (enerator systems are 6optionally7 e=uipped with the re=uisite si(nal devices and beacon systems in accordance with the local re(ulations. '.' Electrical System '.'.1 Electrical Con i#uration The electrical confi(uration of the GE 2.5xl is shown in the followin( dia(ram

0i(. 5 Electrical confi(uration of the GE 2.5xl

'.'.2 Generator The (enerator is located in the nacelle and is driven via the mechanical drive train. #t is executed as a permanent ma(net (enerator. A volta(e source converter supplies the (enerated power to the (rid. The electrical.mechanical system of the drive train is fully decoupled from the (rid. '.'.% Con!erter System The fre=uency converter system is accommodated in cabinets 6protection class #B5&7 in the base of the tower. '.'.' *edium 6olta#e S-itch Gear The WTGS can be disconnected from the (rid by means of the medium;volta(e switch (ear. The WTGS is supplied with a minimum of 2 fields- 8 field optional. '.'.5 *edium76olta#e Trans ormer The medium;volta(e transformer transforms the output volta(e of the converter to the respective medium volta(e level of the (rid 66+4,C- 24,C- and 84,C standard- up to 83,C maximum7. '.'.2 Sa ety System The safety chain is a hard;wired monitorin( loop which is hi(her ran,in( than the system mana(ement computer. 5rea, contacts of sensors and external monitorin( e=uipment are connected in series in this loop. #n addition to the safety chain- the WTGS is e=uipped with a hard;wired emer(ency stop circuit which is activated by pressin( one of the emer(ency stop switches in the WTGS. '.'.8 WTGS Control System The controller is e=uipped with software which was specially developed for its application and controls the WTGS and its systems by sensor input si(nals and out(oin( control si(nals. The operator communicates with the controller via the S2A"A system. '.5 .i#htnin# protection The wind turbine is e=uipped with li(htnin( protection systems which have the tas, of divertin( the li(htnin( currents arisin( from li(htnin( stri,es and the ener(y associated with the li(htnin( into the (round in a controlled manner. The turbine is e=uipped with receptors- e.(. on the blades- that receive the li(htnin( current and divert it throu(h predefined paths within the turbine to the (round. Sensitive electrical components have li(htnin( arresters or sur(e arresters installed to prevent dama(e from volta(e sur(e. '.2 To-er and &oundation Systems '.2.1 To-ers The WTGS has a tubular steel tower- the individual tower sections are e=uipped with suitable assembly platforms- ladder systems with travellin( safety hoo, components- li(htin( systems to "#$ and emer(ency li(htin( systems. As an option- the WTGS can be e=uipped with an elevator- which in accordance with the wei(ht desi(n limits can convey persons from the tower base to the nacelle and vice versa.

'.2.2 &oundations The purpose of the wind turbine foundation is to carry the structural loads from the wind turbine 6e.(. aerodynamic loads7 to the (round. The desi(n of the foundation will depend on the (eotechnical conditions 6i.e. soil7. Typical foundations are of (ravity type or pile type dependin( on the (round conditions. The foundation shall be desi(ned to resist extreme and fati(ue loads produced by the wind turbine. 5 En!ironmentally "a3ardous Substances and Emission ,rotection The manufacturerDs instructions and safety data sheets with re(ard to stora(ehandlin(- use and disposal must be complied with when handlin( (reases- oils and other chemical substances. 5.1 5il Collection Systems Any lea,a(e oil is collected in the bottom part of the nacelle enclosure. The WTGS is also e=uipped with a series of smaller oil collection systems for individual WTGS components. 2 Desi#n .imits
"esi(n (uideline and wind class +44 m hub hei(ht *5 m and ?5 m hub hei(ht Fotor diameter 2ut;in wind speed 2ut;out wind speed Fated power output 6at medium volta(e level7 :inimum ambient temperature operation . survival per Germanischer 9loyd WindEner(ie Gmb@ GGuideline for the 2ertification of Wind TurbinesG- edition 2448 w.supplement 244& :aximum ambient temperature operation :inimum humidity :aximum number of (rid;induced disconnections per year :aximum altitude with no deratin( 6altitude above sea level plus hub hei(ht7 /ote 0or installations above +444 m- capability allows for normal operation up to the limits per "#$ #E2 3448&;+ GFotatin( electrical machinesG. 0or installations above +444 m isolation distances of medium volta(e terminals are also affected. "#5t WE ##- #E2 T2 ###a "#5t WE ##- #E2 ##b- #E2 ###a +44 m 8.4 m.s 25 m.s 2.5 :W ; +5 A2 . ; 24 A2

> &4 A2 5 (.mH 84 +444 m

8 To-er
Type: Hub height: Tubular steel tower 100 m, 8 m, ! m

9 0a- System
"aw rate: 0. #$sec

: +otor
"iameter $umber of rotor blades Swept area Fotor speed ran(e Fotational direction :aximum speed of the blade tips /rientation Speed re(ulation Aerodynamic bra,e 2one an(le #nclination an(le of rotor axis +44 m 8 ?*5& m2 5 ' +& min;+ 2loc,wise loo,in( downwind ?8.3 m.s <pwind Bitch;controlled 5lades in featherin( position 8A &A

1; +otor )lades
9en(th 6blade root ' tip7 &*.? m

11 ,itch System
Brinciple Sin(le blade pitch control

12 *ain Gearbox
Fated power Type 9ubrication 2?54 ,W :ulti;sta(e system + mechanical and + electrical pump

1% )ra$e System
Brimary bra,e system Secondary bra,e system @oldin( bra,e Sin(le blade pitch control Sin(le blade pitch control @ydraulically driven bra,e caliper on hi(h; speed shaft

1' Generator
Type Fated output Fated speed Fated volta(e Apparent power 0re=uency at rated output Brotection class #nsulation class 0unction type Standard Bermanent ma(net (enerator 23&4 IW +354 min;+ ?+4 C 2*4* ,CA ++4 @) #B5& 0 S+ E$ 3448&;+

15 Con!erter System
Type Fated volta(e- line side Fated fre=uency cos Brotection class of the electronics Colta(e source converter 3%4 C >.;+4 J 54 @) . 34 @) 4.%5 inductive to capacitive 6standard7 4.%4 inductive to capacitive 6optional7 #B5&

Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems GE (ll Turbine Types Technical description and speci ication WindControl Wind arm Control System
1 Introduction GEDs Wind2/$TF/9 system re(ulates a wind power plantDs volta(e and power in real time and is able to ma,e a wind power plant operate more li,e a conventional power plant. The system is capable of controllin( reactive power to the (rid when it is needed- re(ulatin( system volta(e- stabili)in( wea, (rids- and controllin( the maximum :W output of the wind power plant. GE provides a simple inte(rated system of CAF control by utili)in( the dynamic CAF capability inherent in GEKs variable speed turbines as the main CAF sourceL unli,e other systems that may re=uire add;on capacitors or CAF compensators. Additionally- GEDs Wind2/$TF/9 system can seamlessly inte(rate capacitor ban,s if (reater CAF capability is re=uired at the wind plant 6or windfarmM a term used interchan(eably in this document7. GEDs Wind2/$TF/9 system also controls the power output of the wind plant by utili)in( the variable speed technolo(y employed by the full line of GEDs wind turbines. Each turbine maintains precise tor=ue and pitch re(ulation- controllin( power and speed durin( chan(in( wind and (rid conditions. 2onventional power plants include (overnor droop- controlled rates of chan(e durin( power setpoint chan(es- and controlled shutdown.startup routines. The Wind2/$TF/9 system also provides such functions and satisfies many emer(in( (rid code re=uirements related to wind plant power response. Wind2/$TF/9 features include ! :aximum power limits ! Bower;fre=uency droop ! Bower ramp rate limits ! 2ontrolled Startup.shutdown ! #nte(rated capacitor.reactor ban, control ! 9ine drop and volta(e droop compensation 2 General &unctional Description Wind2/$TF/9 6formerly ,nown as W0:S ' Windfarm :ana(ement System7 is the standard GE windfarm control system for supportin( windfarm volta(e- power factor and real power 6:W7 output control to meet utility (rid electrical re=uirements. The system supports all current GE turbines and applies to all (lobal mar,et re(ions 654 @) and 34 @)7. The description of functions and specifications in this document are only applicable to the free;standin( Wind2/$TF/9 cabinet. Some functions described in this document may be optional and not included with a specific pro1ect or Windfarm. An overview of the Wind2/$TF/9 system is provided in 0i(ure +. A description of the various Wind2/$TF/9 system optional features and functions is presented in Section 8. The Wind2/$TF/9 system is desi(ned to interface with each WTG located in the Windfarm for re(ulatin( system volta(e- system power factor and real 6active7 power 6curtailment- ramp rates and fre=uency droop (overnor control7 for the entire wind plant.

#n the standard floor mount cabinet- a S2A"A B2 acts as the user . operator interface for the Wind2/$TF/9 for access to the Wind2/$TF/9 parameters- control settin(s and messa(in(. The S2A"A B2- ,eyboard and monitor are inte(rated into the Wind2/$TF/9 cabinet. #f properly confi(ured- the Wind2/$TF/9 system parameters- control settin(s and messa(in( can also be accessed from the primary windfarm S2A"A system operator console- both locally and remotely. The S2A"A user interface screens that are typically provided allow an operator to view and ad1ust primary system parameters and settin(s as well as view the current real time data from the Wind2/$TF/9 System. Authori)ed service personnel can modify the system confi(uration parameters throu(h either the S2A"A system interface or the inte(rated ,eyboard . monitor. The Wind2/$TF/9 system communicates with each WTG located in the windfarm and is a closed loop control system that reads the actual Windfarm electrical parameters 6volta(e- reactive power and :W output7 at the point of interconnect 6or location of 2Ts and BTs used by Wind2/$TF/97 and ad1usts the individual WTGDs parameters to affect the overall windfarm parameters towards its setpoints. A freestandin( cabinet- typically located in the windfarm substation- is used to house all of the electrical e=uipment and controls. The Wind2/$TF/9 system will typically receive either a power factor or volta(e command . setpoint from the windfarm operator throu(h a S2A"A interface or from the utility throu(h a si(nal interface from the utility FT< in the substation. The Wind2/$TF/9 system will perform a closed loop control on the utility command and issue commands over the Ethernet Windfarm 9A$ to each WTG. The Wind2/$TF/9 system is desi(ned with the capability to coordinate and control fixed reactor and capacitor ban,s when the total CAF re=uirements for the farm cannot be supplied entirely by the reactive capability of the wind turbines themselves The Wind2/$TF/9 system is also capable of performin( power control.curtailment for the Windfarm. The net power is measured at the substation bus and compared to a reference utili)in( a closed loop B# control. The Wind2/$TF/9 system issues a maximum power command to each wind turbine in the wind plant. The individual WTGs will limit their power produced to the power command received from the Wind2/$TF/9 system. The Wind2/$TF/9 system can also limit the rate of chan(e in power over a specified time interval usin( a ramp rate limiter. The ramp rate limiter is not part of the power control re(ulator and operates independently of the power re(ulator. The ramp rate limiter issues a common maximum ramp rate command to all turbines. The turbines will follow these ramp rates when they are active. The system will hold the power level at the maximum ramp rate until sufficient time has elapsed such that the ramp rate of the wind plant is below the confi(ured settin( for the ramp rate and the output power may be increased. The system can be confi(ured to control the windfarm power output based upon the (rid fre=uency. This function is similar to droop control in a conventional (enerator in which power output can be increased if the (rid fre=uency decreases below nominal and in which the power output can be decreased if the (rid fre=uency increases above nominal. $/TE Feserve power needs to be maintained to provide increase power capability. The GE wind plant S2A"A system 6WindS2A"A7- usually located in the /N: buildin(- is typically used as the operator interface to the Wind2/$TF/9 system. The WindS2A"A system will typically have an interface screen that can be used to enter power factor setpoint- volta(e setpoint- and windfarm :W power setpoint. #n addition- it allows the operator to to((le between either of the two re(ulation modes 6volta(e or

power factor7. The S2A"A systemDs Wind2/$TF/9 screen also displays the main electrical parameters of the wind plant.

Figure 1: WindCONTROL Overview

/ption "ynamic CAF 2ontrol

0unction Colta(e . Bower 0actor 2ontrol

0ixed 2apacitor . Feactor 5an, 2ontrol N 2oordination

9ine "rop 2ompensation Colta(e "roop compensation

"escription This function is used for windfarm volta(e and power factor control. The system can only operate in one mode at any one time. The operatin( mode can be chan(ed throu(h a S2A"A screen interface or via a di(ital si(nal from the utilityDs FT<. A closed loop re(ulator controls volta(e or power factor of the Windfarm. The Wind2/$TF/9 system is able to coordinate the insertion of up to & fixed substation CAF capacitor or reactor ban,s 6any combination but total maximum of & devices7. Each CAF ban, is re=uired to have approximately the same ratin(. The volta(e re(ulator and power factor re(ulator can implement line drop;compensatin( lo(ic to correct for volta(e drops and power and CAF losses on the line. The compensation includes consideration of line char(in(- which is typically unusual for compensation circuits. The compensation is also constructed in the lo(ic such that any limits can also be controlled and enforced. The volta(e re(ulator can also be confi(ured with volta(e droop compensation. Colta(e droop compensation is typically used to allow ti(htly coupled ad1acent volta(e re(ulators to share in the volta(e re(ulation of a point that is common to all the ad1acent re(ulators.

Bower 2ontrol 62urtailment7

Standard Bower 2ontrol

2onstrained :W /utput on /ver;0re=uency 2ondition

Windfarm Shutdown and Startup

Famp Fate 9imiter

Windfarm 0re=uency "roop 2ontrol

The system can control the power output 6me(awatts7 produced by the windfarm. #n this application the (rid operator will typically desire that the windfarm total :W output be reduced because of a system or transmission constraint. The (rid operator may send the :W reduction setpoint to the Wind2/$TF/9 system throu(h a discrete si(nal from the utility FT<- an analo( reference- or may notify the windfarm operator throu(h telephone or other means to reduce the :W output throu(h the windfarm operatorDs S2A"A interface screen. #n this application the system is confi(ured so that #f the (rid system fre=uency reaches a confi(urable hi(h fre=uency setpoint 6i.e. 54.25 . 34.25 @)7- the wind farm :W output will be capped or limited to the value of the wind farm output at the time point of the fre=uency excursion. The Wind2/$TF/9 system supports a function that will decrease the windfarm power 6:W7 output to )ero in a steady and controlled manner over a confi(urable time period upon receipt of a discrete di(ital si(nal. All the turbines will be disconnected from the (rid at the end of the shutdown se=uence. When the Shutdown si(nal is released- the farm will start in a controlled manner with turbines se=uentially released to run over a confi(urable time interval. The system supports confi(uration of a ramp rate limiter which reduces the rate of chan(e in windfarm power whenever the measured ramp rate of the farm exceeds a specified value. This control runs independent of the power re(ulator and can operate with the power re(ulator active or inactive. The system can be confi(ured to control the windfarm power output based upon the (rid fre=uency. This function is similar to droop control in a conventional rotatin( (enerator in which power output can be increased if the (rid fre=uency decreases below nominal and in which the power output can be decreased if the (rid fre=uency increases above nominal 6with windfarm in a :W constrained operatin( mode7.

' WindC5/T+5. System Con i#uration 2ustomer will need to evaluate all applicable (rid interconnection a(reements and associated power system desi(n issues to determine the Wind2/$TF/9 confi(uration data points that are re=uired by GE for confi(uration of the Wind2/$TF/9 system to meet applicable codes and re=uirements. All Wind2/$TF/9 settin(s include system (ains- impedances- limits and other settin(s related to power system performance and power plant operation are the responsibility of the customer. <pon receipt of the settin(s and re=uirements from customer 6which must be within the e=uipment desi(n limits to be delivered by GE7- GE will confi(ure and test per these 2ustomer provided settin(s and re=uirements at customer expense. GE will typically re=uest the confi(uration settin(s early in the pro1ect fulfillment process to define e=uipment interconnections and test procedures. "elays in the confi(uration and performance re=uirements from the customer can result in commissionin( delays or re=uire additional en(ineerin( effort to assist with the system application of the Wind2/$TF/9 e=uipment.

Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems GE (ll Turbinbe Types Technical Description Wind arm SC(D( Systems
(bbre!iation .ist S2A"A ' Supervisory 2ontrol and "ata Ac=uisition W0:S ' Wind 0arm :ana(ement System 6a,a OWind2/$TF/97 WTG ' Wind Turbine Generator /B2 ' /le for Brocess 2ontrol 2"s ' 2ompact "iscs SP9 ' Structured Puery 9an(ua(e B2 ' Bersonal 2omputer /N: ' /perations and :aintenance <BS ' <ninterruptible Bower Supply T2B.#B ' Transmission 2ontrol Brotocol.#nternet Brotocol /"52 ' /pen "ata 5ase 2onnectivity S:S ' Simple :essa(in( System GBS ' Global Bositionin( System GS: ; Global System for :obile 2ommunications S#: ; Subscriber #dentity :odule 9A$ ' 9ocal Area $etwor, S2 ' Stic, and 2lic, 0iber/ptic connector ST ; Strai(ht Tip 1 Introduction GE Ener(yDs Windfarm Supervisory 2ontrol and "ata Ac=uisition 6S2A"A7 System is a supervisory control and operational data mana(ement system for GE Wind turbines. #t has been developed to provide a full ran(e of inte(rated and easy;to;use software applications and services to continuously improve productivity and profitability of a wind plant. The system is applicable to GE wind plants with a sin(le wind turbine up to wind plants of 244 wind turbines 6WTGs7. #t is a seamless inte(rated solution that provides maximum reliability and data inte(rity- open system access- and advanced data mana(ement. The system is capable of incorporatin( a fully inte(rated- powerful and flexible wind plant reportin( system that allows operators- owners and other sta,eholders to monitor and analy)e historical wind plant operation and performance. 0eaturin( a ran(e of unified and inte(rated modules to meet individual wind plant site re=uirements- the GE S2A"A system allows information to be shared freely between wind plant assets and enterprise applications- helpin( or(ani)ations to improve operational efficiencies. :odules are focused on specific applications such as real time data collection- historical data collection- archivin(- alarm mana(ement and notificationenterprise interfaces and other specific re=uirements and can be implemented individually or as part of an overall solution. GE Ener(yDs Windfarm S2A"A SystemDs open architecture allows wind plant operators to start with a basic monitorin(- control and reportin( system and expand as needed to meet the evolvin( re=uirements of wind plant operations.

2 System 5 erin#s 0or very small windfarms- a customer may elect to not install any wind plant level S2A"A and may elect to communicate to each individual WTG independently. 0or all others- the GE windfarm S2A"A offerin(s are comprised of three standard pac,a(es. 2.1 /o Wind arm .e!el SC(D( 0or very small windfarms- typically limited to windfarms of one to four WTGscustomers may elect to not install any windfarm level S2A"A system and rely only on the limited S2A"A functionality incorporated into each WTG for WTG monitorin( and control. Femote monitorin( of WTG real;time operational data must be done by establishin( a communication connection 6typically via telephone7 to each individual WTG. WTG control 6start- stop- reset7 must be manually done by customer at each WTG individually or can be done remotely in the same manner. WTG alarms are sent out by each individual WTG over itDs telephone connection. @istorical data such as fault records- operational hours- and production will also need to be retrieved from each WTG manually by establishin( a communication connection 6typically via telephone7 to each individual WTG. There are no par, level reports of any type. 2.2 WindSC(D( I < =)asic SC(D( System> The 9evel # 5asic S2A"A System is desi(ned for customers who want only basic wind par, level functionality from their windfarm S2A"A system- primarily for /perations and :aintenance purposes or who will be usin( a third;party S2A"A system for wind plant level user interface and reportin(. This system provides basic user interface for real time view of the wind par, includin( turbines and other supplied systems such as Wind2/$TF/9 6W0:S7 and GE :etmasts. #t provides a basic par,;wide overview with the ability to connect directly to each system 6WTG- Wind2ontrol or GE :etmast S2A"A7 for details. The system includes a cabinet mounted ,eyboard and monitor. This system supports basic alarmin( and reports. #ncluded are a color in,1et printer and three OFemote CiewerQ 2"s with hard to,ens and "on(les 6installation performed by customer on own computer7. Standard options for the WindS2A"A # pac,a(e include Simple :essa(in( System 6S:S7 2ustomer Femote Alarm $otification. 2.% WindSC(D( II < =Enhanced SC(D( ,ac$a#e> The 9evel ## Enhanced S2A"A System is desi(ned for customers who want the benefits of a system with comprehensive wind plant level user interface screensadvanced data manipulation and alarmin( functions and an inte(rated wind plant level SP9 database that facilitates comprehensive wind plant level reportin(. This systemDs :icrosoft Structured Puery 9an(ua(e 6SP97 historical database supports stora(e of +2 months of operational data. #n addition to the inte(rated S2A"A Ciewer software- included is one des,top B2 with S2A"A viewer and hard to,en. Also included are a color in,1et printer and three S2A"A Femote Ciewer Software 2"s and "on(les 6installation performed by customer on own computer7. The systemDs software modules supports advanced alarmin( and reportin(. Standard options for WindS2A"A ## pac,a(e include /B2 Server System and Global Bositionin( System 6GBS7 Time Synchroni)ation system.

2.' WindSC(D( III < =Enterprise SC(D( ,ac$a#e> The 9evel ### Enterprise S2A"A System pac,a(e is confi(ured for customers who want the functions to facilitate extended interconnectivity and interoperability with other systems. This system builds upon the 9evel ## Enhanced S2A"A system by includin( the /B2 Server System and Global Bositionin( System 6GBS7 Time Synchroni)ation system plusM ! Extended <BS 5ac,up Time 6extends bac,up time from 84 minutes to 34 minutes7 ! Automated SP9 "atabase Tape 5ac,up System ! 2ustomer Server for use by the customer for runnin( Terminal Services or /B2 Server. #ncludes /B2 Server application and confi(uration ! /pen "ata5ase 2onnectivity 6/"527 #nterface 2onfi(uration and "ocumentation for interface to the SP9 historical database ! /ne :odbus T2B.#B 2lient #nterface for interface to :odbus T2B.#B devices within the windfarm S:S 62ustomer7 Femote Alarm $otification is optional. A customer supplied GS: networ, connection and S#: card is re=uired. 2.5 Summary o System &unctions
5asic . 9evel # 0unction 0unctionality primarily for /perations and :aintenance purposes 5asic user interface screens for real;time view of the wind par, includin( turbines and other supplied systems such as Wind2ontrol . W0:S and GE :etmasts 9imited alarmin( and reports 2omprehensive wind plant level user Res interface screens Advanced data manipulation and Res alarmin( functions #nte(rated wind plant level SP9 Res database with +2 months data stora(e 2omprehensive wind plant level Res reportin( Third;party S2A"A system #nterface /ption via /B2 Server GBS Time Synchroni)ation System /ption <BS 5ac,up Time of 84 minutes Res <BS 5ac,up Time of 34 minutes Automated SP9 "atabase Tape 5ac,up System 2ustomer Server for use by the customer for runnin( Terminal Services or /B2 Server. #ncludes /B2 Server application and confi(uration /"52 #nterface 2onfi(uration and "ocumentation for interface to the SP9 historical database /ne :odbus T2B.#B 2lient #nterface for interface to :odbus T2B.#B devices within the windfarm /ne des,top B2 with Res S2A"A viewer and hard to,en 2abinet mounted ,eyboard Res and monitor S2A"A Femote Ciewer Res Software 2"s and don(lescustomer to install on their B2 6=uantity 87 2olor in,1et printer Res Bac,a(e Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res Res

Res

Res

% System (rchitecture %.1 5!er!ieThe GE Ener(y WindS2A"A System is desi(ned to be flexible in desi(n architecture in order to support the broad re=uirements of different applications and address the varyin( parameters of wind plant monitorin(- control- visuali)ation and reportin(. The system desi(n supports expansion to facilitate the addition of incremental wind farm assets such as additional WTGDs- meteorolo(ical masts- Wind2ontrol wind par, mana(ement system- and.or Substation.<tility interfaces.

Wind Blant S2A"A System /verview The WindS2A"A system is comprised of the followin( primary subsystems ! Blant 6Wind turbine7 S2A"A is a B2;based software application within each WTG tower that functions as a primary user interface for WTG confi(uration and maintenance- does primary data processin( and provides a historical data buffer for data inte(rity. Each system includes a ,eyboard . mouse and monitor. ! :etmast S2A"A is an inte(rated system that captures real time wind speedwind direction- pressure- temperature and humidity- processes the one second data into +4;minute avera(es and provides this real;time and historical data to the WindS2A"A master station. ! Wind Blant 9ocal Area $etwor, 69A$7 is an Ethernet fiber optic based system that interconnects all WTGs and GE :etmast S2A"A systems 654 @) only7 that are within the wind plant to the WindS2A"A cabinet which is typically located within the wind plant substation or /N: buildin(. The 9A$ also connects the optional Wind2/$TF/9 plant mana(ement system and optional Substation #nterface "evice to the WindS2A"A system. ! WindS2A"A :aster . Server is the primary system for collection- visuali)ation and stora(e of historical data from the wind farm. Typically housed in a freestandin(

cabinet located in the substation or operations buildin(- the system contains networ, switches- rac, mounted servers- an inte(rated ,eyboard . monitor- a <BS and software for real;time data collection. Some systems also contain a :icrosoft SP9 serverreportin( subsystem and enterprise connectivity via /B2 and /"52. ! Ancillary Systems that may include wind plant subsystems such the Wind2/$TF/9 plant mana(ement system used for wind plant control of volta(epower factor and :W output- Substation #nterface "evice for ac=uisition of di(ital and analo( si(nals from substation primary power plant e=uipment. ' Wind ,lant &iber 5ptic /et-or$ The followin( defines GEDs re=uirements for the 0iber /ptic cable within the Wind Blant networ, and details the scope of wor, split between GE- 2ustomer N 2ustomerDs 0iber /ptic 2ontractor. #t is the customerDs responsibility to ensure proper installationtermination- labelin( N testin( of the fiber optic cable networ,. GEDs standard wind plant fiber optic desi(n utili)es Sin(le :ode fiber. Any deviation from the fiber optic specification in this section is considered a deviation from standard and shall be a(reed upon with GE. '.1 +esponsibilities 2ustomer Scope ! Brocure sin(le mode fiber optic cable per the specification defined within this document ! 9ayout the fiber optic cable networ, accordin( to GE recommendation- with a minimum Gpi( tailG of 84 feet . % meters at the point where the cable termination is to ta,e place 6turbine- met tower S2A"A cabinet 654 @) mar,ets7- Wind Blant S2A"A cabinet N Wind2/$TF/9 2abinets7. 2ustomerDs 0iber /ptic 2ontractor Scope ! Bull the fiber optic cable throu(h the (rommets placed at the bottom of the various enclosures. ! Brovide the fan;out ,it with a total of +2 pi(;tails for every +2;strand cable end. Typically two cable ends are pulled inside the turbine controller 6in.out7- which re=uires two fan;out ,its with 2&;pi( tails 6unless turbine is at end of array7. #f met tower input arrives at a turbine then 8 cables run into the unit and three fan out ,its with 83 pi( tails will be re=uired. 83 pi( tails are also re=uired if a wind turbine (enerator is at branch point within the fiber optic networ,- this is called a 8;Way. Three +2;strand fiber optic cables are the maximum supported. ! Splice all the fiber optic strands usin( the fan;out ,it of pi(;tails at the turbineDs controller- :et tower- Substation and /N: buildin(. ! 2onnector type 6S2 or ST7 to be determined durin( pro1ect fulfillment- S2 is universally used in the AmericaDs mar,et. ST is universally used in the Europe.Asia mar,et. ! Brovide all the extra hardware that is not provided by GE 6extra patch panelsinserts- fiber optic connectors- etc7 if chan(es are made durin( pro1ect construction that are in variance from the desi(n provided to GE. ! Berform testin( on all fiber optic terminations includin( splices by use of =ualified measurement system at +844nm. :ar, and inform GE representative of any bro,en fibers. ! After the cable testin( is completed- install all the fiber optic connectors at each turbine.

! GE will utili)e Sin(le :ode fiber within the windfarm networ, as default. :ulti' mode cable will be used on an exception basis. ! Brovide the fiber optic switches for GE wind farm networ,- patch panels and patch cables for each turbine controller- :etmast S2A"A cabinet 654 @) mar,ets7 and in the wind plant S2A"A and Wind2/$TF/9 system cabinets. ! Brovide the fiber optic cable inserts that are pre;installed inside the patch panels. ! Brovide communications drawin( showin( path of fiber optic connections throu(hout the wind farm. '.2 Sin#le *ode &iber 5ptic Cable Speci ication ! The cable should feature standard %.+25 Sin(le :ode fiber. ! The core tube should include +2 strands of fiber as minimum. #t should feature a hi(h bandwidth and should be desi(ned for outside plant applications- under(round duct or direct burial. ! 0iber optic cable that includes a steel core- which typically is used in overhead runs- cannot be installed inside a WTG. 0iber optic cable used inside the WTG should $/T contain any metallic materials due to re=uirement for isolation of volta(e transients. ! The fiber optic cable should at a minimum comply with the characteristic in the table below
0iber /ptic Type 0iber =uantity 0iber diameter :aximum attenuation Sin(le :ode +2 %.+25 :icrons 4.& S +844 nm d5.,m 4.8 S +554 nm d5.,m

'.% Wind &arm Cable Distance Desi#n +e1uirements ! Sin(le mode E%.+25Tm fiber optic cables are used for distances up to 24,m 6+2.& miles7 between transmitter and receiver. Special e=uipment is re=uired if distance (reater than 24 ,m 6+2.& miles7 with no intermediate splices and are not included in the standard scope of supply. ! The customer is responsible for informin( GE if distances exceed 24,m 6+2.& miles7 so the appropriate hardware can be provided at an additional cost to the customer. With technolo(y centers of excellence in the <nited States- Europe- #ndia and 2hina- our teams of en(ineers and scientists use Six Si(ma methodolo(y- coupled with the latest computational modelin( and power electronic analysis tools- to manufacture wind turbines with the reliability- efficiency and maintainability necessary tomeet the challen(es our customers face in todayDs ener(y environment. GEDs commitment to customer value and technolo(y evolution is demonstrated by our on(oin( investment in product development. Since enterin( the wind business in 2442- GE has invested over U?54 million in drivin( reliability and efficient wind technolo(y. Advancin( technolo(y A double;bearin( main shaft minimi)es (earbox thrust and bendin( loads by transmittin( loads throu(h the bedplate to the tower. The (earbox is only sub1ected to tor=ue loadin( which is controlled by the wind turbine throu(h the converter- resultin( in less severe and better predictable loads than in conventional drivetrain desi(ns.

The double;bearin(main shaft also improves overall drivetrain reliability and improves (earbox lifetime predictability. Additionally- a full power converter separates the (enerator and (earbox from the (rid- allowin( them to remain essentially unaffected by transient (rid loads. This uni=ue system desi(n results in robust and reliable power conversion. The main bearin(s remain well lubricated even under severe conditions due to (rease lubrication- which unli,e oil- re=uires no heatin( at low ambient temperatures in order to ,eep its lubricatin( properties. The hub desi(n contains an inte(rally cast web in the blade root openin(providin( hi(h stiffness to the hub assembly. @i(her stiffness results in less deflection of the hub- and therefore less loads on the components mounted to the hub. 2onse=uently- stresses on the pitch bearin( and pitch drive are reduced si(nificantly when compared to conventional desi(ns.

The 2.5 :W wind turbine is desi(ned accordin( to our "esi(n for Feliability 6"0F7 methodolo(y. "0F starts with the definition of reliability (oals and the environmental conditions in which the wind turbine components must operate. The reliability tar(ets are then bro,en down to component levelmodels that are developed to predict reliability. A ,ey step in the "0F process is validatin( desi(n assumptions on both component levels and system levels. "ifferent types of testin( are used for validationincludin( climate chamber testin(- compliance testin( and @i(hly Accelerated 9ife Testin( 6@A9T7. @A9T is a very efficient tool to flush;out desi(n flaws rapidly. #n the

test- components are sub1ected to loads of the entire desi(n life- but in a very short time frame. The next step is field validation. The 2.5:Wdesi(n was validated with more than four years and 544-444 hours of operatin( experience. After extensive field validationone turbine was decommissioned so that our en(ineers could teardown and inspect all of the ma1or components. The last step of the "0F methodol(y is production auditin(. Where validation is focused on ensurin( that the desi(n is free of flaws- the production audit is focused on ensurin( that each unit is delivered with consistent =uality by understandin( the impact of manufacturin( variability.

Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems GE 2.5 7 5; "3 ? 2; "3

1 General In ormation The GE 2.5 is a three bladed- variable pitch- variable speed- full conversion Wind Turbine Generator System 6WTGS7. 2 +ated Data
%ated &ower %ated )oltage Tolerances of grid ,oltage ' 00 k( *+0 ) - 1 . to - '0 . for 0.1 s - 10 . to - 1 . for 1 s /$- 10 . continuous / 10 . to / 1 . for 10 min / 1 . to 0 ' . for 10 s / ' . to 0 10 . for 1 s -$/ '. H4 continuous -$/ H4 for 10 seconds ' H4$second '0+7 8 &ower factor can be ad9usted between 0.+ :0.+ optional; o,er/excited and 0.+ :0.+ optional; under/excited at any power output up to ' 00 k(. 11. m$s The initial short/circuit alternating current of the system, including transformer, amounts to >?@ A 1.8 k8, related to *+0 ). The rated short/circuit current of the switch gear is 1 s 0 k8 related to *+0 ). 6apacitors for the compensation of reacti,e power are not necessary.

2re3uency Tolerance 2re3uency 5rift %ate %ated 6urrent cos &hi at %ated &ower

%ated (ind <peed <hort/6ircuit 6urrent of the (ind =nergy 6on,erter <hort/6ircuit <trength &ower 2actor 6orrection 5e,ice

Table + Fated data

% ,ea$ ,o-er on the .6 Side

Mean time t=1 min. Mean time t=10 min. cos Phi 0.95 cos Phi 0,9 cos Phi 1 cos Phi 0.95 '* 8 '*1' ' ' '80* ' 00 ' ' 0 ' ' 810 1''1 0 ' ' ' 00 ' 00 8'' 1'11

cos Phi 1 8pparent power :max.; Bk)8C 8cti,e power :max.; Bk(C %eacti,e power :max.; Bk)arC

cos Phi 0,9 '!!8 ' 00

Table 2 Bea, power

' &lic$er A full;si)e fre=uency converter renders the GE 2.5 WTGS speed;variable. The rotor blades are controlled by a fail;safe sin(le blade control which reduces the periodical tor=ue fluctuations- which are caused by the tower wa,e effect. The followin( values have been obtained throu(h a measurement conducted accordin( to #E2 3+&44;2+. "eviations from these values are possible
$etwor, #mpedance 84A 54A Bhase An(le- V, Annual Avera(e Wind 0lic,er 2oefficient- c6V,- va7 Speed- va 6m.s7 va W 3.4 m.s 2.5 2.3 va W ?.5 m.s 2.5 2.3 va W *.5 m.s 2.5 2.3 va W +4.4 m.s 2.5 2.? Table 8 0lic,er 0lic,er;relevant phase an(le f W ;X,

?4A

*5A

2.% 2.% 2.% 2.%

8.4 8.+ 8.+ 8.+

5 S-itchin# ,rocedures The GE 2.5 does not have any si(nificant in;rush current ,maxW#max.#nGW+ 6parameter as per #E2 3+&44;2+7. 2 "armonics4 Inter7"armonics and "i#her &re1uencies at Continuous 5peration "ue to the use of an #G5T converter- no si(nificant harmonics are expected. 8 6olta#e Control Colta(e at the turbine level may not exceed a certain value. Grid monitorin( in the turbine ensures that the volta(e does not exceed a set limit. #t is installed on the 3%4 C side and can be sealed. A volta(e;dependent power control steps in at a certain value- say > 5.5 J of the rated volta(e. #t wor,s by chan(in( the power factor value (radually to 4.% ind. #f the volta(e continues to rise- the active power from the turbine is (radually reduced- usin( the pitch system. The volta(e upper limit is thus not exceeded. This control can be implemented at two different volta(e levels ! 9C side- simple implementation /ptionally available ! :C side- measurement point in the turbine transformer station. ! :C.@C at the point of interconnection 6Wind 0arm level7 usin( Wind2ontrol 9 Trans ormer Data or Connection o GE 2.5 to *edium "i#h 6olta#e Grid
Fated power @i(h;volta(e ratin( 9ow;volta(e ratin( 2onnection symbol Fel. short circuit volta(e 2*44 ,CA utility volta(e dependent 3%4 C "yn5 or "yn++- starpoint (rounded The transformer is mounted inside the tower. 3J

: ,o-er Demand o the Wind Turbine Generator System @WTGSA GE 2.5 75; "3 ? 2; "3 Bower consumers of the wind turbine (enerator system are amon( others the heatin(- yaw drive- controls- li(htin( and hydraulic pump. The maximum power demand is 54 ,W when all consumers operate simultaneously. The annual ener(y re=uirement at a site with an avera(e wind speed is 5.444 to +2.444 IWh.a. The official power curves ta,e this power consumption into account. /nce the turbine is in operation it covers its own consumption. 1; +eacti!e ,o-er A cos 6power factor7 and a CAF specification can be selected between for the reactive power of the GE 2.5. The power factor of the GE 2.5 can be set from 4.%5 inductive 6optional 4.%7 and 4.%5 capacitive 6optional 4.%7. The CAF specification provides the option of a Wind0ree Feactive Bower function. This means that the turbine can also ma,e reactive power 6up to +24* ,CAF7 available as a volta(e bufferin( durin( a calm.stron( winds.

0i(. + CAF 2urve

11 ,o-er &actor Correction De!ice 2apacitors for the compensation of reactive power are not necessary. 12 Grid *onitorin# The turbine is e=uipped with a line protection relay the tri((er values of which can be set to cap + in compliance with the utility company specifications and within the applicable limits.

1% ,o-er +eduction (ccordin# to the Grid &re1uency An internal or external 6option Wind2ontrol7 reduction of the power output accordin( to the (rid fre=uency can be ad1usted via parameters.

1' )eha!ior in the E!ent o &aults in the Grid -ith the 5ptions @.6+TBC6+TA "urin( a volta(e drop down to +5J of the rated (rid volta(e- relatin( to a :C (rid from +4 to 83 ,C- the turbine stays online. #n the present example the turbine stays online for ?24 ms if the volta(e drops down to +5JM or it stays online up to +4 s if the volta(e drops down to *4J. This allows the volta(e to be supported in an appropriate manner. /ther values within these limits are possible. See Appendix. This function is optional.

0i(. 2 The WTG is not disconnected from the (rid above the delineated time curves of the phase;to; phase volta(e.

,o-er re#ulation 5peratin# data Fated power 2ut;in wind speed Fated wind speed 2ut;out wind speed Wind 2lass /peratin( temperature

pitch re(ulated with variable speed 2-444 ,W & m.s +3 m.s 25 m.s #E2 #A standard ran(e ;24A2 to &4A2 low temperature option ;84A2 to &4A2 *4 m 5-42? m2 +3.? rpm +4.*;+%.+ rpm full blade featherin( with 8 pitch cylinders tubular steel tower 34 m- 3? m- ?* m- *4 m and +44 m &;pole asynchronous with variable speed 2-444 ,W 54 @).34 @) 3%4 C 8;sta(e planetary.helical 8% m 8.5 m 3-544 ,( &m 5.& m +4.& m 8.& m 3% metric tonnes 8.8 m &m &.2 m +* metric tonnes +8? metric tonnes ++3 metric tonnes

+otor Fotor diameter Swept area $ominal revolutions /perational interval Air bra,e To-er Type @ub hei(hts Generator Type $ominal output /perational data Gearbox Type *ain dimensions )lade 9en(th :ax. chord 5lade /acelle @ei(ht for transport @ei(ht installed 6includin( 2oolerTopY7 9en(th Width Wei(ht "ub :ax. diameter :ax. width 9en(th Wei(ht To-er 34 m 6#E2 #A7 Wei(ht 3? m 6#E2 ##A7 Wei(ht ?* m 6#E2 #A7

Wei(ht *4 m 6#E2 ##A7 Wei(ht +44 m 6"i5t ##7 Wei(ht

+58 metric tonnes +&* metric tonnes +%* metric tonnes

+otor "iameter Area swept $ominal revolutions /perational interval $umber of blades Bower re(ulation Air bra,e To-er @ub hei(ht 5perational data 2ut; in wind speed $ominal wind speed 2ut;out wind speed Generator Type $ominal output /perational data Gearbox Type Control Type && m- &% m- 55 m- 35 m- ?& m & m.s +3 m.s 25 m.s Asynchronous with /ptispeedZ *54 ,W 54 @).34 @) 3%4 C + planet step 2;step- parallel axle (ears :icroprocessor;based monitorin( of all turbine functions as well as /ptiSpeedZ output re(ulation and /ptiTipZ pitch re(ulation of the blades. 22 t +4 t #E2 #A &5 t ; ; ; 54 t 34 t ?5 t ; #E2 ##A ; 34 t ; ; "#5t ## ; ; ; %5 t "#5t ### 54 t ; ?5 t ; 52 m 2-+2& m2 23 rpm +&.4;8+.& rpm 8 Bitch./ptispeedZ 0ull blade pitch

Wei#ht $acelle Fotor Towers @ub hei(ht && m &% m 55 m 35 m ?& m