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Solar Syste

The Solar System comprises the Sun and its planetary system of eight planets, as well as a number of dwarf planets, satellites (moons), and other objects that orbit the Sun Mercury Mercury (0.4 ! from the Sun) is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest planet in the Solar System (0.0"" #arth masses). Mercury has no natural satellites, and its only $nown geological features besides impact craters are lobed ridges or rupes, probably produced by a period of contraction early in its history. Venus %enus (0.& ! from the Sun) is close in si'e to #arth (0.()" #arth masses) and, li$e #arth, has a thic$ silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and e*idence of internal geological acti*ity. %enus has no natural satellites. +t is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures o*er 400 ,- (&".,/), most li$ely due to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere Earth #arth () ! from the Sun) is the largest and densest of the inner planets, the only one $nown to ha*e current geological acti*ity, and the only place where life is $nown to e0ist. +ts li1uid hydrosphere is uni1ue among the terrestrial planets, and it is also the only planet where plate tectonics has been obser*ed. Mars Mars ()." ! from the Sun) is smaller than #arth and %enus (0.)0& #arth masses). +t possesses an atmosphere of mostly carbon dio0ide with a surface pressure of 2.) millibars. +ts surface, peppered with *ast *olcanoes such as 3lympus Mons and rift *alleys such as %alles Marineris, shows geological acti*ity that may ha*e persisted until as recently as . million years ago Jupiter 4upiter (".. !), at 5)( #arth masses, is .." times the mass of all the other planets put together. +t is composed largely of hydrogen and helium. 4upiter6s strong internal heat creates a number of semi7permanent features in its atmosphere, such as cloud bands and the 8reat 9ed Spot. Saturn

Saturn (:." !), distinguished by its e0tensi*e ring system, has se*eral similarities to 4upiter, such as its atmospheric composition and magnetosphere. lthough Saturn has 20; of 4upiter6s *olume, it is less than a third as massi*e, at :" #arth masses, ma$ing it the least dense planet in the Solar System. The rings of Saturn are made up of small ice and roc$ particles. Uranus !ranus ():.. !), at )4 #arth masses, is the lightest of the outer planets. !ni1uely among the planets, it orbits the Sun on its side< its a0ial tilt is o*er ninety degrees to the ecliptic. +t has a much colder core than the other gas giants and radiates *ery little heat into space. Neptune =eptune (50 !), though slightly smaller than !ranus, is more massi*e (e1ui*alent to )& #arths) and therefore more dense. +t radiates more internal heat, but not as much as 4upiter or Saturn. =eptune is accompanied in its orbit by a number of minor planets, termed =eptune trojans, that are in )>) resonance with it.

!oll"t#o$s WATER POLLUTION ?ater pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. la$es, ri*ers, oceans, a1uifers and groundwater). ?ater pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without ade1uate treatment to remo*e harmful compounds. ?ater pollution affects plants and organisms li*ing in these bodies of water. +n almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to indi*idual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. AIR POLLUTION ir pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other li*ing organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural en*ironment or built en*ironment. The atmosphere is a comple0 dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet #arth. Stratospheric o'one depletion due to air pollution has long been recogni'ed as a threat to human health as well as to the #arth6s ecosystems. +ndoor air pollution and urban air 1uality are listed as two of the ?orld@s ?orst To0ic Aollution Aroblems in the .00( Blac$smith +nstitute ?orld6s ?orst Aolluted Alaces report. NOISE POLLUTION =oise pollution is displeasing or e0cessi*e noise that may disrupt the acti*ity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines and transportation systems, motor *ehicles, aircrafts, and trains. 3utdoor noise is summari'ed by the word en*ironmental noise. Aoor urban planning may gi*e rise to noise pollution, since side7by7side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential areas.

C =D A3CC!T+3= Cand pollution, in other words, means degradation or destruction of earth@s surface and soil, directly or indirectly as a result of human acti*ities. nthropogenic acti*ities are conducted citing de*elopment, and the same affects the land drastically, we witness land pollution< by drastic we are referring to any acti*ity that lessens the 1uality andEor producti*ity of the land as an ideal place for agriculture, forestation, construction etc. The degradation of land that could be used constructi*ely in other words is land pollution. %#CC3D# B+9D S =-T! 9F 1. The Rainb ! L ri"eet The 9ainbow Cori$eet is *ery colourful G almost e*ery colour of the rainbow can be found on their feathers. Cori$eets are parrots from ustralasia, which can be found found on many Aacific islands, and are common along the eastern seaboard of ustralia and Tasmania. .

#. $ %&en Pheasant The 8olden or H-hinese AheasantI is another type of bird that catches the eye with a wonderful display of colour. These are gamebirds, nati*e to western -hina, although they ha*e been bred in other countries li$e the !J, and are unmista$ably lo*ely with a golden crest, rump and bright red body.

'. The Scar%et Maca! The Scarlet Macaw is the bird we imagine on the shoulder of the pirate Cong 4ohn Sil*er, though it would weigh hea*y after a while. This is a big and colorful bird with a long tail, weighing in at around ...lbs. The incredibly bright plumage comes in colours ranging from the scarlet for which it is named, through to light blue, yellow, dar$ red with metallic gold iridescence, and e*en some green in the wings.

(. St r" )i%%e& *in+,isher #astern sia is where you might come across the truly gorgeous Stor$7billed Jingfisher, a wonderfully colourful tree7dweller that once more demonstrates the wonder of nature. big bird for its type, at around )4in long, the strutting male shows off green, blue, grey, buff, and bright red body parts to female onloo$ers in yet another fabulous display.

-. Painte& )untin+ Small can be e*ery bit as attracti*e as large, and a brilliant e0ample of this is the male Aainted Bunting, often described as the most beautiful bird in =orth merica. ?ith body colors from dar$ blue, green, red and shades between, it is still difficult to spot as it hides e*en when singing.

The Maru&hu Pan&iyar (Periya Maru&hu and .hinna Maru&hu) ruled Si*agangai, Tamil =adu towards the end of the )(th century. The Marudhu brothers were the first to issue a proclamation of independence from the colonial British rule from Trichy Thiru/aran+a0 Te0p%e, Tamil =adu on )0 4une )(0), more than "2 years before what is generally said to be the /irst ?ar of +ndian +ndependence which bro$e out mainly in =orthern +ndia in the year )("&. They were in close association with %eera Aandiya Jattabomman of Aanchalan$urichi. Marudhu brothers were not only warriors and noted for bra*ery, but they were *ery great administrators. They constructed many notable temples li$e Jalayar Jo*il, Si*aganga many 3oranis and Tan$s. The Marudhu Aandiyars and many of their family members were captured at -holapuram they were infamously hanged at same time in the /ort of Tiruppathur (Si*aganga District, Tamil =adu) on the #nglish month of 3ctober .4, )(0). Veerapan&iya *attab 00a *aruthayya Naya"u&u was an )(th7century Aalaya$arrar (6Aolygar6) chieftain from Aanchalan$urichi of Tamil =adu, +ndia. Kis ancestors migrated to Tamil =adu from areas in present day ndhra Aradesh during the %ijayanagara period. lso $nown as Jattabomma =aic$er he was among the earliest to oppose British rule in these regions. Ke waged a war with the British si0 decades before the +ndian ?ar of +ndependence occurred in the =orthern parts of +ndia. Ke was captured and hanged in )&:: -#. Kis fort was destroyed and his wealth was looted by the British army. Today his nati*e *illage Aanchalan$urichi in present day Thoothu$udi district of Tamil =adu and some polygars families migrated to *edal *illage in Janchipuram District, +ndia is a historically important site.

9ani Mangammal ()2(:L)&04) was a 1ueen regent on behalf of her grandson, in the Madurai =aya$ $ingdom in present day Tamil =adu, +ndia, towards the end of the century. She was a popular administrator and is still widely remembered as a ma$er of roads and a*enues, and a builder of temples, tan$s and choultries with many of her public wor$s still in use. She is also $nown for her diplomatic and political s$ills and successful military campaigns. The capital of Madurai Jingdom during her times was Tiruchirapalli. 3omathurai was an +ndian Aoligar (Aalaiya$$arar) from Tamil =adu, who fought against the British #ast +ndia -ompany in the Aolygar ?ars. Ke was the younger brother of %eerapandiya Jattabomman. Kis birth name was Duraisingam. Ke was nic$named as 3oomaithurai (lit. the dumb prince). 3omaithurai was in*ol*ed in the Aolygar ?ars against the #ast +ndia -ompany. +n the first Aoligar war, he was captured and imprisoned in Aalayam$ottai prison. +n /ebruary )(0), he escaped from Aalayam$ottai and rebuilt the Aanchalan$urichi fort which had been ra'ed in the first war. The -ompany forces pursued him there and e*entually captured Jalayar Jo*il in 3ctober )(0). 3omaithurai along with the Marudu brothers was hanged on )2 =o*ember )(0).

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