Version 1437 304K Exam 1 sutclie (52230) This print-out should have 20 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Which scientist is associated with the discovery of the electron? 1. Dalton 2. Thomson correct 3. Rutherford 4. Bohr 5. Millikan Explanation: J.J. Thomson studied the deection of cathode rays in dierent electric and magnetic elds to obtain the electrons charge-to-mass ratio. This ratio is constant even when dierent gases, electrodes, and power sources are used, indicating that electrons are fundamental particles present in all atoms. 002 10.0 points Which region of the atmosphere is the highest? 1. troposphere 2. hemisphere 3. mesosphere correct 4. stratosphere Explanation: 1. O2 003 10.0 points If you have 7 molecules of SO2 gas in 1.317 105 molecules of air, what is the concentration of SO2 in parts per million? 1. 7 ppm 2. 28 ppm 2. CO correct 3. SOx 4. NOx 5. O3 3. 53.1511 ppm correct 4. 7 106 ppm 5. 5.31511 105 ppm 6. 14 ppm

Explanation: nair = 1.317 105 molec nSO2 = 7 molec Set up a ratio to solve for how many molecules of SO2 there are in 106 molecules of air: 7 molec SO2 ? molec SO2 = 6 5 1.317 10 molec air 10 molec air 7 molec SO2 ? molec SO2 = 1.317 105 molec air 106 molec air = 53.1511 ppm 004 10.0 points The second most abundant component of dry air is 1. carbon dioxide. 2. oxygen. correct 3. argon. 4. nitrogen. Explanation: 005 10.0 points Which of the big four pollutants is NOT a respiratory irritant?

Version 1437 304K Exam 1 sutclie (52230) Explanation: 006 10.0 points Of the following combinations of compounds and names, the one which is incorrect is 1. LiBr : lithium bromide 2. N2 O5 : dinitrogen pentoxide 3. SO2 : sulfur dioxide 4. K2 S : dipotassium sulde correct 5. Cu2 O : copper(I) oxide Explanation: The potassium ion is K+ ; the sulde ion is S2 . Two K+ are needed to balance the each S2 , so the formula K2 S is correct. This is an ionic compound and prexes are not needed to name it. It should be correctly named potassium sulde. SO2 and N2 O5 are both covalent compounds and are named correctly using the appropriate prexes. The copper(I) ion is Cu+ ; the oxide ion is 2 O . Two Cu+ are needed to balance the charge of each O2 , so the formula is Cu2 O is correct. The lithium ion is Li+ ; the bromide ion is Br . One Br is needed to balance the charge of each Li+ , so the formula LiBr is correct. 007 10.0 points Which isotope has 35 protons, 35 electrons, and 46 neutrons? 1. 81 35 Br correct 2.
46 35 Br

Z is the atomic number (number p+ ). An isotope with 35 protons (p+ ) and 46 neutrons (n) has an atomic number of 35 and a mass number of 35 p+ + 46 n = 81 amu. Br has an atomic number of 35, so the isotope is 81 35 Br. 008 10.0 points Which of the following statements is true regarding electromagnetic radiation? 1. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 400 nm has a frequency that is lower than that with a wavelength of 600 nm. 2. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 600 nm travels faster than that with a wavelength of 400 nm. 3. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 600 nm has a frequency that is lower than that with a wavelength of 400 nm. correct 4. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 400 nm travels faster than that with a wavelength of 600 nm. 5. The frequency of electromagnetic radiation determines how fast it travels. 1 . Higher wavelengths corf respond to lower frequencies, and vice versa. v = f , so = 009 10.0 points Depict the electron conguration for silicon using rare gas (shorthand) notation. 1. [Ne] 3s2 3p4 2. [Ne] 3p2 3. [Ne] 3s2 3p2 correct 4. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 Explanation: Use either the periodic table method or the pyramid method to solve. Explanation:

3. 81 46 Pd 4. 35 46 Pd Explanation: The standard nuclide symbol takes the form of A Z E were E is the element symbol, A is the mass number (number p+ + number n), and

Version 1437 304K Exam 1 sutclie (52230) 010 10.0 points Hint: this substance is colored. An essential ingredient in the production of photochemical smog is 1. nitrogen dioxide. correct 2. carbon monoxide. 3. carbon dioxide. 4. hydrogen sulde. 5. sulfur dioxide. Explanation: Atmospheric oxygen is oxidized by NO2 which dissolves in water vapor in the air, producing nitric acid.

013

10.0 points

Which part of risk assessment is most dicult to determine and thus, most debated? 1. 2. 3. 4. Concentration Toxicity CORRECT Duration Exposure

N2 + 2 O2 2 NO2 NO2 + H2 O 2 HNO3

Explanation: Exposure is least contentious: it is found by measuring concentration of a given pollutant (via a calibrated gas sensor) and the duration of exposure. Toxicity is more dicult to determine: Testing on human subjects is obviously not acceptable and animal models may not fully approximate and have their own ethical dilemmas. 014 10.0 points What is the density of a wood block that has a mass of 97.5 g and measures 12 cm 3.33 cm 4.2 cm? (Use signicant digits.) 1. 0.58 g/cm3 correct 2. 1.723538 g/cm3 3. 0.5809381 g/cm3

011 10.0 points Which of the following electron congurations would represent an alkaline earth metal? 1. [Ne] 3s2 3p5 2. [Ar] 3d5 4s2 3. [Ne] 3s2 correct 4. [He] 2s2 2p3 5. [Ar] 4s1 Explanation: 012 10.0 points

4. 0.581 g/cm3

Version 1437 304K Exam 1 sutclie (52230) 5. 1.72 g/cm

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Explanation: 015 10.0 points Which of the following is NOT produced from burning gasoline? 1. SO2 correct 2. CO 3. VOCs 4. NO2 5. More than one of these 6. CO2 Explanation: Since there is little to no sulfur in gasoline, SO2 is not produced from burning gasoline. The other molecules listed are produced. The CO, CO2 , and VOCs come from gasolines reacting with air during combustion and incomplete combustion. The nitrogen in NO2 comes from the air (78% nitrogen) engaging in the combustion of gasoline at high temperatures. 016 10.0 points Balance the equation ? HBr + ? Fe(OH)3 ? FeBr3 + ? H2 O using the smallest possible integers. The sum of the coecients is 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 9. 4. 8. correct Explanation: A balanced equation must have the same number of each kind of atom on both sides

of the equation. We nd the number of each kind of atom using equation coecients and composition stoichiometry. For example, we nd there are 6 H atoms on the product side: 2H = 6H 1 H2 O

? H atoms = 3 H2 O The balanced equation is

Fe(OH)3 + 3 HBr FeBr3 + 3 H2O and has 1 Fe, 6 H, 3 Br and 3 O atoms on each side. ? sum coecients = 1 + 3 + 1 + 3 = 8. 017 10.0 points Which of the following is a chemical change? 1. leaves changing colors in the fall correct 2. crushing a leaf in your hand 3. cutting grass 4. boiling water Explanation: A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are consumed (at least partially), and one or more new substances are formed. Leaves changing colors in the fall suggests a chemical change as the pigments have undergone a change chemically. 018 10.0 points Considering pollution of the atmosphere, oxides of nitrogen come predominately from whereas oxides of sulfur come predominately from . 1. internal combustion engines; power plants correct 2. petrochemical factories; internal combustion engines 3. nuclear power plants; petrochemical factories

Version 1437 304K Exam 1 sutclie (52230) 4. power plants; internal combustion engines 5. internal combustion engines; petrochemical factories 6. petrochemical factories; nuclear power plants Explanation: 019 10.0 points A young senator excited about Green Chemistry presents new legislation to set controls on vehicles and industry to completely remove all pollutant molecules from the air. Which is the best critique of this proposal? 1. This is a wonderful and attainable goal that merely requires the proper incentives in order to be realized. 2. While this sounds like a wonderful idea, it is not attainable regardless of regulations or incentives. correct 3. While this would be great in theory, accomplishing it would require too much money and more government control than is appropriate in a free market economy. 4. This is not a good plan because the U.S. should not have to concern itself with this challenge unless all countries are willing to make similar sacrices. Explanation: Although we are now able to detect single molecules, we can only do this for really small samples, so we cannot be absolutely sure all pollutant molecules are removed. Some pollutants are also generated via natural processes (volcanoes, etc). 020 10.0 points The lines in an atomic line emission spectrum are due to 1. the movement of electrons from higher

energy states to lower energy states in atoms. correct 2. the movement of electrons from lower energy states to higher energy states in atoms. 3. the presence of isotopes. 4. nuclear transitions in atoms. Explanation: