Você está na página 1de 9

General Health Status of the Philippines Many Filipinos are still living in remote and hard to reach areas

where it is difficult to deliver the health services they need The scarcity of doctors, nurses and midwives add to the poor health delivery system to the poor LIFE EXPECTANCY Women tend to live longer than men by five years, while average life expectancy at birth for both sexes was about 72 years in 2007. And decreased 61 in males and 69 females in the year 2012. LIFE EXPECTANCY There are also variations in projected life expectancy at birth across different regions. Regions III, IV, NCR and VII had the highest life expectancy for both men (67-69 years) and women (74 years). By contrast, ARMM had a life expectancy of 58 years for men and 62 years for women, reflecting the difficult living conditions brought by armed conflict, poverty, poor nutrition and lack of health care. CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY The Philippines experienced dramatic improvements in levels of child and maternal mortality and communicable disease control during the second half of the twentieth century. However, gains have slowed in recent years, in part due to the poor health status of those on low-income and living in less developed regions of the country. NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASE The leading cause of death in the Philippines is heart disease, This is followed by vascular diseases and malignant neoplasms (or cancer) COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Communicable diseases continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. PHILIPPINE POPULATION 2010 Population The total population in Philippines was last recorded at 94,013,200 million people in January 2011 from 27.1 million in 1960, shifting 251 percent during the last 50 years as recorded by the World Bank. It has also been recorded that the population of Philippines signifies 1.37 percent of the worlds total population which means that one person in every 74 people on the planet is a resident of Philippines. The Philippines is currently ranked as the 12th country with the largest population around the world according to the National Statistics Office. China is still the number 1 with a population of 1,343,239,923. The latest figures show that the Philippines current population has reached 103,775,002 but has not been confirmed.

Growth Rate GROWTH RATE is the average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The Philippines is currently in rank 63 rd when it comes to the countries with the largest growth rate in a year around the world with 1.87%. Qatar is currently ranked as no.1 with a growth rate of 4.93%. Birth Rate BIRTH RATE is the average annual number of births during a year. It is also known as Crude Birth Rate. It is usually the main factor in determining the rate of population growth.

As of 2012, the birth rate of the Philippines has been recorded as 24.98 births/1,000 population from 25.34 births/1,000 population in 2011 showing a decrease of 0.36 births/1,000 population. Death Rate DEATH RATE is the average annual number of deaths during a year. It is also known as Crude Death Rate. It also indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. The Death rate in the Philippines has been recorded as 4.98 deaths/1,000 population in 2012 marking the lowest death rate since 2000. It is currently in rank 184th when it comes to the countries around the world with the highest number of deaths in a year. South Africa is listed as the number 1 with a death rate of 17.23 deaths/1,000 population. Gender Ratio At birth, it has been recorded that there is 1.05 males/female. Under 15 years old, there is 1.041 males/female. For 15-64 years old, there is 1 male/female. For >65 years, there is 0.759 male/female. Infant Mortality Rate INFANT MORTALITY RATE is the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year. This is also used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. The Infant Mortality Rate in the Philippines has been recorded as 18.75 deaths/1,000 population in 2012 marking the lowest infant mortality rate since 2000. As for male infants, it has been recorded that there is 21.21 deaths/1,000 live births which is higher than female infants, who has recorded a 16.18 deaths/1,000 live births The Philippines is currently in rank 101st when it comes to the countries with the highest infant mortality globally. Afghanistan has been listed as No. 1 with a death rate of 121.63 deaths/1,000 population Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). The MMR includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. MMR in the Philippines has been recorded as 99 deaths/100,00 live births in 2010 showing a gradual increase from the 94 deaths/100,00 live births in 2008. The Philippines is currently in rank 74th when it comes to the countries with the highest number of maternal deaths globally. Chad is currently the No.1 with a mortality rate of 1,100/100,00 live births Total Fertility Rate (TFR) TOTAL FERTILITY RATE is the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country. TFR in the Philippines has recorded a gradual decrease from 3.32 children/woman in 2008, 3.27 children/woman in 2009, 3.23 children/woman in 2010, 3.19 children/woman, and 3.15 children/woman in 2010. The Philippines is currently in rank 54th when it comes to the countries with the highest fertility rate globally. Nigeria has recorded the highest fertility rate with 7.16 children/woman

Literacy Rate LITERACY RATE is the average number of age 15 and over that has the ability to write and read. Literacy rate in the Philippines has been recorded as 92.6% of the total population, ranking 101st globally. Finland, Greenland, and Luxembourg all have a 100% when it comes to literacy. 92.5% of the total male population are able to write and read while 92.7% of the total female population can write and read. Others LABOR FORCE

The Philippines is currently in rank 14 when it comes to the country with the most number of workers having 40,000,000 workers globally. China ranks No.1 with 795,500,000 workers. BELOW POVERTY LINE rd The Philippines is currently in rank 83 when it comes to the poorest countries around the world with 26.5% of the total population. Chad is the poorest country with 80% of its total population. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE When it comes to unemployment rate, the Philippine is in rank no.120 globally with 7%. Zimbabwe ranks no.1 with an unemployment rate of 95%.

th

Top 10 Causes of Death in the Philippines in 2010 (MORTALITY)

As of July 2010, the death rate in the country was estimated at 5.06 deaths per 1,000 population. Such number of deaths placed the Philippines in the 184th spot among 226 countries listed in The World Factbook. Below are the top ten causes of death in the country for 2010. 1. HEART DISEASES Definition:

TOP 10 MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY Top leading causes of morbidity according to the DOH 1. Pneumonia 2. Diarrhea 3. Bronchitis/bronchiolitis 4. Influenza 5. Hypertension 6. TB respiratory 7. Diseases of the heart 8. Malaria 9. Chicken Pox 10. Measles Top 10 leading causes of mortality according to DOH 1. Heart diseases 2. Stroke 3. Cancer 4. Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Diseases 5. Road Accidents and injuries 6. Diabetes 7. Dengue Fever 8. Maternal deaths 9. Kidney Failure 10. Perinatal conditions

- a practical abnormality of the heart, or of the blood vessels supplying the heart, that deviates from its normal functioning

most common cause of mortality in the Philippines varied may include valvular, coronary, ischemic, hereditary, and inflammatory causes most common experienced during the Christmas season

2. STROKE Definition: - sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to insufficient blood flow

also called as Cerebrovascular Disease possible for all age groups but most commonly occur among the elderly

has 2 types:

3. CANCER Definition:

- any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites

- infection caused by a bite of a mosquito namely Aedes Aegypti

62,503 cases of dengue has been recorded from January to August 2010 by the end of 2010, 800 deaths have been recorded

most common cases are breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and others 50,000 cases are noted in the Philippines with and increase of 5% every year survival rate is very low

8. MATERNAL DEATHS Definition: - death of a mother before, during, or after giving birth

4. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD) Definition: - includes asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

162 cases of maternal death out of 100,000 live births has identified worldwide haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertension, labor and delivery problems have been the most common cause 94% of deaths has been recorded among 55 countries including the Philippines

common among cigarette smokers 7% of deaths noted worldwide is due to COPD.

5. ROAD ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES Definition: - unexpected event that may lead to death, injury, or serious effects

9. KIDNEY FAILURE Definition: - inability of the kidney to perform its normal function such as excretion of waste from the body

vehicular accidents have been a daily news in television or radio which may have caused injuries or taken the life of the people involved in such accidents in Benguet, most accidents are due to bus crashes or falls

one of the newest cause of mortality only 50% may be able to live after kidney transplant but 20% may afford such operation

10. PERINATAL CONDITIONS Definition: - death of infant before end of neonatal period

6. DIABETES Definition: - characterized by hyperglycemia

about 4,000,000 Filipinos suffer from this most common experienced by obese people most common complications are blindness, amputation of a part of the body, organ damage, and decreased sensation of the limbs or fingers

34 death cases out of 1,000 live births have been identified death among infants less than 28 days contribute to 47% of the deaths leading causes include sepsis, asphyxia, and pneumonia GENDER HEALTH

7. DENGUE FEVER Definition:

Gender pertains to roles, behavior, activities and attributes that a particular society considers

appropriate for men and women. The distinct roles and behavior may give rise to gender inequalities, (i.e. variances between men and women that systematically favor one group). In turn, inequalities between men and women in both health status and access to health care results.

Special opportunity inequality Professional inequality Ownership inequality Household inequality Type of Inequality Mortality inequality: high mortality rates of women and a consequent majority of men in the total population, as opposed to the preponderance of women found in societies with little or no gender bias in health care and nutrition (observed extensively in North Africa and in Asia, including China and South Asia). Natality inequality: gender inequality can manifest itself in the form of the parents wanting the newborn to be a boy rather than a girl Special opportunity inequality: other than inequalities in schooling, the opportunities of higher education may be far fewer for young women than for young men, gender inequalities in higher education and professional training is observed (in Europe and North America). Type of Inequality Professional inequality: women are inferior to men in terms of employment as well as promotion in work and occupation. Ownership inequality: womens opinion is affected by the absence of claims to property; entrance to and flourish in commercial, economic and even some social activities. Household inequality: The family arrangements can be quite unequal in terms of sharing the burden of housework and child care LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual) Health Gay and Bisexual Men Men, who have sex with men (MSM), are higher rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), tobacco and drug use, and depression compared to other men.

Homosexuality can refer to both attraction and


sexual behavior between organisms of the same sex, or to a sexual orientation.

Heterosexuality can refer to attraction and


sexual behavior between organisms of the opposite sex GEnDer IneqUalitY GENDER INEQUALITIES A. Health Differences Biological differences, for example, give the female health superiority. At every age, from conception until old age, more males than females get sick and die. B. Hormonal Differences

The male hormones (androgens) and female hormones (estrogen) direct the process of sex differentiation from about six weeks after conception throughout life. Causes of Gender Inequality A. Materialist Theories

that gender stratification is greater where women's work is directed inward to the family and men's work is directed outward to trade and the marketplace (Eitzen, 2000:251) B. Work The division between domestic and public spheres of activity is particularly constraining to women and advantageous to men like those associated with property, power, and prestige. Types of Inequality Mortality inequality Natality inequality The Division between Domestic and Public

Lesbians and Bisexual Females

Lesbians and bisexual females are prone to depression, cancer, tobacco and substance abuse, intimate partner violence and sexually transmitted illness.

RAPE

Victims of rape can be severely traumatized; in addition to psychological harm resulting from the act, rape may cause physical injury. Following a rape, a victim may face violence or

Factors would include: a) Arrogance about HIV risk, particularly among young gay and bisexual men, b) Difficulty of steadily maintaining safe behaviors with every sexual encounter over the course of a lifetime c) Lack of awareness of syphilis symptoms and how it can be transmitted FACTS!! Philippines ranked #1 in Asia as a country with gender equality (World Economic Forum, October 2012) Philippines ranked #8 worldwide as the country with gender equality out of 135 countries (World Economic Forum, October 2012) Women are closing gender gap with men in terms of health and education but still struggles with jobs and salaries Philippines ranked #6 in gender equality out of 129 countries RAPE It is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent. RAPE War tool used by the colonizers to startle the people in a specific place they want to colonize. It is also considered as a causal factor of violence against women Physical, sexual and emotional violence against women were experienced by 10 to 60% of women (ages 15-49 years) worldwide Due to forced sex, HIV can be transmitted in line for tears and lacerations resulting from the use of force (WHO, Gender Inequality and HIV).

threats of thereof from the rapist, and, in some cultures, from the victim's own family and relatives. Sexual violence does not only include physical contact between the victim and the perpetrator, it also includes sexual harassment, threats, peeping, and taking nude photos. Did you know that. Rape is one of the most prevalence form of violence against women which ranked third (13.1%) in the country (1999-2009)? There are laws related to rape and its penalty? These are R.A. 8353:Anti-rape Law of 1997 and R.A. 8505: The Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998. The penalty for rape perpetrators are the following: Reclusion Perpetua (imprisonment from 20-40 years) and Prision Mayor (imprisonment from 6-12 years) According to Womens Crisis and Childhood Protection Center (WCCPC) there were 14, 201 recorded cases of rape (attempted rape- 18.68%; incestuous rape- 5.74%) Did you know that From January 2011 to June 2011, there were 28 recorded cases of gang rape and 13 recorded cases of rape perpetrated by elements of the police, military, and paramilitary institutions of the Aquino government? One child is raped every 2 hours? According to Center for Womens Rights 2012 monitoring records, the youngest victim of rape is 3 years old while the oldest is 86 years old? Majority of victims are within ages 11- 20 years old (CWR)? ENVIRONMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Water Supply Sanitation PRIORITY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DISASTERS (2005-2008) Environmental Health- DOH Concerned with preventing health illness through managing the environment and by changing peoples behavior to reduce exposure to biological and non- biological agents of disease and injury. Vision- Mission- Goal Vision: Health Settings for all Filipinos. Mission: Provide leadership in ensuring health settings. Goal: Reduction of environmental and occupational related disease, disabilities and deaths through health promotion and mitigation of hazards and risk in the environment and workplaces. Inter- Agency Committee on Environmental Health (E.O 489) Facilitate and improve coordination among concerned agencies for technical collaboration, effective monitoring and communication, resource mobilization, policy and review development. Environmental Sanitation It is the prevention and control of diseases by eliminating and controlling the environmental factors which may form links in the disease transmission. It is the study of all factors in mans physical environment which may exercise a deleterious effect on his health, well- being and survival. Importance of Environmental Sanitation It promotes health. It prevents disease transmission. It eliminates breeding places of insects and rodents that may be carrier of diseases. It improves quality of life. Components of Environmental Sanitation VIBRATION rapid oscillation (swing to and fro) of the body or other body part often caused by use of powered hand tools or device FORCE it refers to the amount of physical effort required to perform a task(lifting heavy objects) or for maintenance of control of tools and devices REPETITION performing and doing the same movements continuously and frequently AKWARD POSTURES assuming positions that gives stress on the body such as reaching above shoulder height, kneeling, squatting, leaning over a bed, or twisting the torso while lifting CRITERIA IN DETERMINING IF A PERSON FITS HIS/HER WORK Consider the persons job being done and the demands in the worker the equipment/device used (its size, shape, and how it is appropriate for the task) the information utilized (how it is accessed, presented and changed) ERGONOMIC STRESSORS Solid Waste Management Food Sanitation Insect and Vermin Control Excreta and Sewerage Disposal Housing and Public Places Sanitation Environmental Protection Hospital Waste Management ERGONOMICS Is a multidisciplinary field of science which involves the use of equipment/device, workplace and the job or work that can suit the worker. In general, it centralized in the fittingness of the people with their work. It is accountable for the workers capabilities and limitations in seeking to ensure that tasks, equipment, information and the environment suits the worker.

CONTACT STRESS pressing the body or body part against a hard or sharp edge , such as using the hand as a hammer Health Care Workers Health care workers suffer from complex variety of occupational hazards thus they need to IMPACT OF ERGONOMIC STRESSORS IN THE NURSING PROFESSION Members of the health care teams are concern Exposures to blood-borne pathogens Musculoskeletal disorders muscle strains and tears, ligament sprains, joint and tendon inflammation, pinched nerves, herniated spinal discs, etc. Injuries resulted from workplace violence (patient-related) RECOMMENDATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE The manual lifting of patients/residents be minimized in all cases and eliminated when feasible Employers implement an effective ergonomics process that: provides management support, involves employees, identifies problems, implement solutions, addresses reports of injuries, provides training and evaluates ergonomic efforts Health Worker Occupational Health A health care facility is a place of work that caters in receiving and rendering care. Over 59 million of human resources around the globe were employed by different health care facilities and are subjected to elements of physical condition and well being hazards on a daily basis including: Facts 37% of health professionals were victims of hepatitis B and it has been a universal trouble being faced by the WHO that resulted from sharps injuries and other work related conditions. Hepatitis B virus infection could be 95% prevented with the aid of immunization but less than 20% of health experts in some regions across the globe have received the 3 doses needed for immunity. 10% of those health practitioners who are diagnosed of HIV resulted from work contact and exposure 95% of the health workers who are infected with HIV resulted from needle stick injuries to the unwell and indignant, they are habitually viewed as resistant to harm and poor health. Attrition of work force is the most common result of hazardous occupational conditions, from diverse work-related diseases, injuries and occupational infection together with HIV and tuberculosis. Rendering advance protection in maintaining optimum health of the members of health team is crucial to having adequate staff of educated and vigorous health professionals. receive protection and defence

biological hazards, such as, illnesses brought about by viruses and pathologic micro organisms

B. ergonomic hazards C. chemical hazards, brought about by chemical agents D. Physical hazards E. Psychosocial hazards, such as shift of work, nervous tension and pressure

Three Perceived Reasons for Underreporting Injuries: a. the injury was not perceived as significant b. too busy to find time c. they think that their injuries are a part of their job

Você também pode gostar