why one rupee note is signed by the ministry of finance? is governer has the right to sign this note?

is there any

as rupess is the currency of our country and only govt has the authority to issue indian currency it has been signed ny ministry of finance, all other notes are bearer notes which are signed by governor.
interference by the rbi?

no interference by rbi.

rbi has the right to print currency notes in the country except coins & 1 re note which are issued by govt. thus, it bears the sign of mof.

who is a more senior creditor, a bondholder or stockholder?

the bondholder is always more senior. stockholders (including those who own preferred stock) must wait until bondholders are paid during a bankruptcy before claiming company assets.

according to the classification, the claim of bond holder should be accounted first. after fulfilling all the claims of bond holder company should look after the stock holder.
what is accounting management?

accounting management is the pratical application of management techni ues to control and report on the financial health of the organisation. it involves the analysis, planning, implementation and cotrol of programs designed to provide financial data reporting for managerial decision making.

the process of identifying, measuring, analy!ing, interpreting, and communicating information for the pursuit of an organi!ation"s goals. this is also known as #cost accounting.# the key difference between managerial and financial accounting is that managerial accounting information is aimed at helping managers within the organi!ation make decisions. in contrast, financial accounting is aimed at providing information to parties outside the organi!ation.

treasury bills are money market instruments to finance the short term re uirements of the government of india. these are discounted securities and thus are issued at a discount to face value.
what is treasury bills?

a treasury bill (known as t$bill) is an instrument of money market, used to finance short term re uirements of government of a country. a t$bill is issued at a rate lower than the face value, and redeemed at face value on maturity, this difference is the rate of interest on t$bill. this rate of interest is called risk free rate of the country.

when should a company issue stock rather than debt to fund its operations?

there are several reasons for a company to issue stock rather than debt. the first is if it believes its stock price is inflated, and it can raise money (on very good terms) by issuing stock. the second is when the pro%ects for which the money is being raised may not generate predictable cash flows in the immediate future. a simple example of this is a startup company. the owners of startups generally will issue stock rather than take on debt because their ventures will probably not generate predictable cash flows, which is needed to make regular debt payments, and also so that the risk of the venture is diffused among the company"s shareholders. a third reason for a company to raise money by selling e uity is if it wants to change its debt$to$e uity ratio. this ratio in part determines a company"s bond rating. if a company"s bond rating is poor because it is struggling with large debts, they may decide to issue e uity to pay down the debt.

according to me,the sprit of writer may be right but explanation is wrong.in second point he explaned that company raise funds by e uity because venture is not able to generate enough funds to make regular debt payments but in this case shareholders or venture capitalist will also not invest in that company which is not profitable as shareholders expectations of return are generally higher than creditors as they bear higher risk.even a businessman will not like to do a business wich is not profitable instead he will park his money somewhere else.

the main reasons for raising funds through e uity are&$ 1.when pro%ect is long term in nature and payback period is high. '.when company is already debt laden then it will not be very easy to raise debt or it will be costly,it will be better to raise e uity to balance risk level.
what is networth?

networth is the total assets minus total liabilities of a company.

networth means e uity and it is the current assets minus current liabilities of a company.

it is statement of balances of all the accounts in the ledger prepared to prove the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts.
what is trial balance?

a trial balance is a list of debit and credit or a list of debit & credit balance of all the ledger accounts prepared on any particular date#

what is the punch line of %ob?

no matter how efficiently goods ( services are

produced, if they cannot be delivered to the customer in the uickest possible time it is vain.

no matter how efficientley and effectiveley provide services to the society satisfied the consumer needs,wants,demands is most important

raroc is a risk$ad%usted framework for profitability measurement and profitability management. it is a tool for measuring risk$ad%usted financial performance. and it provides a uniform view of profitability across businesses (strategic business units ( divisions). raroc and related concepts such as rorac and rarorac are mainly used within (business lines of) banks
what is raroc?

and insurance companies. raroc is defined as the ratio of risk$ad%usted return to economic capital.

raroc stands for risk ad%usted return on capital

please give me the name of nationalise banks in 1)*+ only?

the government of indian first

phase 1, nationali!ed banks& 1. bank of india '. union bank of india -. bank of baroda ,. bank of maharashtra .. pun%ab national bank /. indian bank 0. indian overseas bank *. central bank of india ). canara bank 1+. syndicate bank 11. united commercial bank 1'. allahabad bank 1-. united bank of india 1,. dena bank 'nd phase / banks in *+s 1. andhra bank '. corporation bank - new bank of india ,. oriental bank of commerce .. pun%ab and sindh bank /. vi%aya bank

nominal money is related to the measure of counting. nominal1br2figure is what is written on the bill. where as real money1br2relates to it"s purchasing power.1br2for eg&1br2if 1+ units in nominal money can buy ' chocolates in 1)*+ and
what is the difference between real money & nominal money?

1br21 chocolate in '+++, in the same way, 1+ units of nominal1br2money is 1+units of real money in 1)*+ and . units of real1br2money in '+++.

nominal money relates more to it"s measure of counting $ so nominal figure of what is written on bill, while #real# relates more to it"s purchasing power (usually between some periods of time). for instance 1++ units in nominal could buy ' units of good in 1).+ and 1 unit of good in '++., at the same time real value of this 1++ nominal units are 1++ real units in 1).+ and .+ real units in '++.. same is with gdp. in nominal it can rise due to inflation while it can stay the same or even decrease in real value.

another uestion designed to make sure that a candidate is sincerely interested in finance. this uestion (and others like it $ #what"s the dow at now?# #what"s the yield on the long bond?#) can be expected especially of those looking for sales and trading positions.
what did the s&p .++ close at yesterday?

another uestion designed to make sure that a candidate is sincerely interested in finance. this uestion (and others like it $ #what"s the dow at now?# #what"s the yield on the long bond?#) can be expected especially of those looking for sales and trading positions.

is the dividend paid on common stock taxable to shareholders? preferred stock? is it tax deductible for the

the dividend paid on common stock is taxable on two levels in the u.s. first at the firm level, as a dividend comes out from the net income after taxes (i.e., the money has been taxed once already) and then at the shareholder level. the shareholders are taxed for the dividend as ordinary income (o.i.). dividend for preferred stock is treated as an interest expense and is tax$free at the corporate level.
company?

according to indian income tax act a person whateaver earn from dividend and sale of stock are fully exampted becouse a company already paid tax

on income he distribute dividend on net profit after tax i.e.income available for shareholders.and earning from sell of share we already paid as tax throw demat a(c.

what is the difference between %ournal entry & ledger

a %ournal is also called as a book of prime entry. transactions occured are first entered in this book to show which accounts should be debited and which should be credited. on the basis of entries made in the %ournal, accounts are prepared, the book which contains the accounts is called a ledger. transactions entered in the %ournal are classified according to their nature and posted in their respective accounts in ledger. it is also called as book of final entry.

a %ournal is also called as a book of prime entry. transactions occured are first entered in this book to show which accounts should be debited and which should be credited. on the basis of entries made in the %ournal, accounts are prepared, the book which contains the accounts is called a ledger. transactions entered in the %ournal are classified according to their nature and posted in their respective accounts in ledger. it is also called as book of final entry.

what is crossover rate?

crossover rates have to do with the amount of earnings that are generated by two different but similar pro%ects. the crossover rate is the point at which the two pro%ects achieve the same net present value. in terms of investments, calculating a crossover rate between two similar securities can help an investor determine what to buy and what to sell.

when comparing two different but similar pro%ects, the specific returns re uired for the pro%ects to have the same net present value. because two similar securities may have different volatility, calculating the crossover rate helps to determine which will be more profitable in the short and long terms. for example, one dotcom company may achieve a steady rate of growth, but only slowly over time, while a second dotcom may achieve the same returns in a shorter timeframe, but with greater vulnerability to market downturns. calculating the rate at which each will achieve a desired net present value, assuming no massive changes in circumstances, may help an investor make decisions regarding which to buy and which to sell.