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Chapter 8
Energy and Civilization: Patterns of Consumption
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Outline
8.1 History of Energy Consumption 8.2 How Energy Is Used 8.3 Electrical Energy 8.4 The Economics and Politics of Energy Use 8.5 Energy Consumption Trends
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Within 200 years, daily per capita energy consumption of industrialized nations increased eightfold.
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Homework
Chapter 8 Review Questions 1 11 (36 pts) Bonus if all RQs are completed
One Critical Thinking questions (2 pts)
DUE in class Tuesday, October 9, 2012 All answers must be typed and numbered according to the question. Questions do not need to be typed out. Refer to the Syllabus for penalties regarding Homework.
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In Africa and Asia much of the household energy is used for cooking, and comes from wood.
Using fuel-efficient stoves instead of fires could reduce energy consumption by 50%, and improve health because people would breathe less wood smoke.
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Most of the differences in gasoline prices among countries are a result of taxes and reflect differences in government policy toward motor vehicle transportation.
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When we compare the kinds of automobiles driven, we find a direct relationship between the cost of fuel and fuel efficiency. The average European car driver pays about twice as much as U.S. and Canadian drivers, and uses 40% less fuel to drive the same distance as a U.S. driver.
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During the 1980s, energy costs in North America and Europe declined, and people became less concerned about energy consumption.
They used more energy to heat and cool their homes, bought more appliances, and larger cars.
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Summary
A direct correlation exists between the amount of energy used and the complexity of civilizations. Fossil-fuel consumption in conjunction with the invention of labor-saving machines resulted in the Industrial Revolution, which led to the development of technology-oriented societies today in the developed world. The invention of the automobile caused major changes in the lifestyles of people that led to greater consumption of energy.
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Because of the high dependence of modern societies on oil as a source of energy, OPEC countries can set the price of oil through collective action. In general, rich countries use large amounts of energy and poor countries use much less. Analysts expect the worldwide demand for energy to increase steadily and the growth in energy usage by those countries becoming industrialized to be greater than that of alreadyindustrialized nations.
Summary