BODY MECHANISM

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MEANING
EFFECTIVE USE OF BODY AS A
MACHINE AND AS A MEANS FOR LOCOMOTION

Special techniques to

coordinate your balance and movement which will help to avoid injuring yourself or your patient.
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Physiology of movements
Purposefull coordinated movements of the
body requires the integrated functioning of the musculoskeletal and nervous system

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SKELETAL SYSTEM
The framework of bones and cartilage
protects our organs and allows us to move through skeletal system.

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FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM IN BODY MECHANICS.

1.Supports the soft tissues of the body
[Maintains body form and body posture]

2.Furnishes surfaces for the attachment of

muscles,tendons,and ligaments which in turn pull on the individual bones and produce movements.
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.Their are 206 bones in human body classified as

-Long bones -Short bones -Flat bones -Irregular bones

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Types and freely movable joints

1.Ball and socket joint . E.g Shoulder and hip joint. 2.Condyloid joint E.g wrist joint. 3.Gliding joint E.g Carpel bone of wrist
and tarsal bone of feet 4.Hinge joint E.g Elbow joint.
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Muscular System

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 Bones and joints provides form to the

body Muscles helps bone to produce movement The excitibility,contractibility and elasticity of muscles enable them to perform -Motion -Maintenance of posture.
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Nervous system
The skeletal and muscular system cannot
produce purposefull movement without a functioning nervous system. Nerve impulses stimulate muscles to contract. Afferent nervous system conveys information from receptors in periphery of body to the C.N.S
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CONTI
Nerve cells called neuron conducts
impulses from one part of body to another. This information is processed by C.N.S leading to response. The efferent system conveys the response from the CNS to the skeletal muscle by the way of somatic nervous system.
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Importance of Body mechanics

1.Proper body alignment and posture
prevents fatigue and deformities. 2.Poor posture causes Deformities. 3.Good posture promotes the physiologic functions of the body. 4.Reduces the expenditure of the energy.

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Conti
5.Helps to maintain the balance of the
body without undue strain on the body parts. 6.Its contributes to ones beauty. 7.To prevent strain and injury to the patient/nurse. 8.To use appropriate technique when moving the patient.
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Conti
To provide safety for the patient.

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CONCEPTS OF BODY MECHANICS The correct use of body mechanics should

be evident for every activity and even during rest period.

BODY ALIGNMENT-Positioning of the joints,tendons,ligaments and muscles while standing,sitting and lying down position.
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Conti
If proper body alignment is maintained person will not experience undue strain and fatigue. BODY BALANCE- When the center of gravity is balanced over a wide, stable of support and vertical line falls from center of gravity and base of support.

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COORDINATED BODY MOVEMENT

While giving nursing care to the patient
frequent use the body is to assist in -Positioning -Turning and lifting the patient and equipment and all the nursing activities. It is important to do this knowledgeably to avoid musculoskeletal strain and injury.
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PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS.

1.Wider the base of support,greater the
stability. 2.Lower the center of gravity greater the stability of nurse. 3.The equilibrium of an object is maintained as long as the line of gravity passess through its base of support.
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 4.Stronger the muscle group the greater

the amount of work can be safely done. 5.Facing the direction of movements prevents abnormal twisting of the spine. 6.Dividing balanced activity between arms and legs reduces the risk of back injury.

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 7.Leverage,rolling,turning or pivoting

requires less work than lifting. 8.When friction is reduced between the object to be moved and the surface on which it is moved,less force is required to move. 9.Reducing the force of work reduces the risk of injury
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 10.Maintaining good body mechanics,

reduces fatigue of the muscle group.

11.Alternating periods of rest and activity

helps to reduce fatigue.

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RULES TO BE FOLLOWED BY NURSES WHILE CARRYING NURSING ACTIVITIES.

Maintain good posture [anatomical

posture]. Use the longest and strongest muscles of extremities for strenuous activities.

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 WATCH YOUR POSTURE

Stand straight with your feet flat on the floor. Keep your arms at your side. Keep your abdominal muscles tight. This takes Strain off your back.

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Conti

Keep the object close to the body

to prevent unnecessary strain on the muscles. This brings center of gravity of object close to the centers of gravity of body.

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Conti.

Keep your back straight Flex the knees and hip joints but keep the
trunk as vertical as possible. [Moving and shifting]

Avoid jerking and twisting during the lift. Heavy patients should be moved in bed
by sliding rather than lifting.

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Conti
Assistance should be requested when
lifting or moving heavy patients. Stay balanced-Place the feet apart to provide a wide base of support. Broader base provides a better body balance.

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Conti
Keep work close to the body. Slide,roll,push or pull an object rather

than lifting it in order to reduce the energy Needed to lift the weight against the pull of gravity. Lift smoothly.
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Conti..
Plan and think through your move-Before
you begin the action make sure you are applying proper body mechanics Coordinate your movements by telling patients or other workers when you are ready to move. You may want to count 1,2,3.lift
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IllEFFECTS OF IMPROPER BODY MECHANICS IN NURSING PRACTICE. Decubitus ulcers/Pressure sores/Bed

sores The pressure of body parts against the mattress especially when the body parts are not in correct alignment for long period of time then blood supply becomes depleted and if this continues results in ulcers.

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Cont
CONTRACTURES :The pressure of tight
upper bedding holding the feet in an incorrect position of body alignment will contribute to development of contractures and decubiti FOOT DROP:

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