Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
8 BTS & BSC Architecture of the GSM Network The GSM technical specifications define the different entities that form the GSM network by defining their functions and interface requirements. The GSM network can be di ided into four main parts!
G +MC B
BSS
3-. 4 C ,-. 5
"
BSC MSC 1 +ther MSCs +ther 0etworks
MS /n
BTS
"/C
"bis
12.
Fig : 1
Mobile Station " Mobile Station consists of two main elements! The Mobile Terminal There are different types of terminals distinguished principally by their power and application! The #fi$ed% terminals are the ones installed in cars. Their ma$imum allowed output power is &' (. The GSM portable terminals can also be installed in ehicles. Their ma$imum allowed output power is )(. The handheld terminals ha e e$perienced the biggest success thanks to the weight and olume* which are continuously decreasing. These terminals can emit up to & (. The e olution of technologies allows decreasing the ma$imum allowed power to '.) (.
The SIM The S2M is a smart card that identifies the terminal. By inserting the S2M card into the terminal* the user can ha e access to all the subscribed ser ices. (ithout the S2M card* the terminal is not operational. The S2M card is protected by a four6digit 7ersonal 2dentification 0umber 87209. 2n order to identify the subscriber to the system* the S2M card contains some parameters of the user such as its 2nternational Mobile Subscriber 2dentity 82MS29. "nother ad antage of the S2M card is the mobility of the users & the user can ha e access to its subscribed ser ices in any terminal using its S2M card. The Base Station Subsystem The BSS connects the Mobile Station and the 0SS. 2t is in charge of the transmission and reception. The BSS can be di ided into two parts! The Base Transceiver Station The BTS corresponds to the transcei ers and antennas used in each cell of the network. " BTS is usually placed in the center of a cell. 2ts transmitting power defines the si:e of a cell. 1ach BTS has between one and si$teen transcei ers depending on the density of users in the cell.
Functions of BSC
;. 2t controls a group of BTS and manages their radio resources. &. 2t perform all process of hando ers. <. 2t also control of the radio frequency power le els of the BTSs.
The BTS ser es one or more cells in the cellular network and contains one or more T.=s 8Transcei ers or radio units9. The T.= ser es full duple$ communications to the MS. The T."/ adapts the transmission bit rate of the "6interface 8>?kbit@s9 to the "bis6interface 8;> kbit@s9.
Fig : 2
BSS Configuration
The "bis interface uses multiple$ing or rate adaptation 8."9 on its links.The first option means that four ;> kbit@s links are multiple$ed into one >? kbit@s channel. The latter option means that no multiple$ing of the ;> kbit@s channels takes place.
Functions of a SIM
The functions of the Subscriber 2dentity Module 8S2M9 are! "uthentication of the network /ser authentication Storage of subscriber6related information* e.g.*subscriber identification* cell location identity. alidity of the MS when accessing the
Billin' Center!
1ach MSC writes call accounting records to local disk memory. The Billing Center periodically polls the disk records of each MSC to collect the billing data for the 7-M0.
Service Center!
The Ser ice Center interfaces with the MSCs to pro ide special ser ices* such as the Short Message Ser ice 8SMS9* to mobile subscribers in the
()MN.
The Billing Center and Ser ice Center are not a basic part of the GSM system. #$en interfaces Standard open interfaces between entities are used in GSM. These are labeled! "* "bis* B* C* 4* 1* 5* G* and /m 8or air interface9.
8.1
The aim of this paper was to gi e an o er iew of the GSM system and not to pro ide a complete and e$hausti e guide. "s it is shown in this chapter* GSM is a ery comple$ standard. 2t can be considered as the first serious attempt to fulfill the requirements for a uni ersal personal communication system. GSM is then used as a basis for the de elopment of the /ni ersal Mobile Telecommunication System 8/MTS9.