How do cells get energy? Cells get energy by respiration.

Respiration and breathing are not the same thing. Why?

Respiration releases energy, while breathing lets air into and out of our lungs. CELL RESPIRATION: Respiration is breakdown of glucose to release energy. (Aerobic) with oxygen (Anaerobic) without oxygen

Where does respiration happen?

Respiration happens in all the cells in our body in the mitochondria.

The main food oxidized is glucose. Why?

Because it contains stored chemical energy, that can be converted into other forms of energy that the cell can use.

2 types of energy:
1. Stored Chemical energy 2. Heat energy

Uses of chemical energy: (mainly this energy)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Contraction of muscles (producing movement) 2Active transport in molecules and ions Building large molecules (such as protein) Cell division Transmission of never impulses

Uses of heat:
1. Maintains a steady body temperature for animals (mammals and birds

Aerobic respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H20 + (+energy ATP-) Aerobic respiration happens in plants, animals, humans and other organisms. How does the process of respiration happen? In a cell, during respiration , glucose is oxidised very gradually in a series of small controlled reactions. The reactions are controlled by enzymes. Most energy is released when it is combined with oxygen. This is called oxidation.

How is Carbon Dioxide made in respiration??

Carbon passes through glucose and exits the atmosphere as Carbon Dioxide. Carbon can be traced through its pathway using radioactive C14

Anaerobic Respiration
Difference: 1. Glucose is partially broken down 2. Less energy is released. ADVANTAGE: Occurs in situation where oxygen is short in supply DISADVANTAGE: 1. Converts much less of the energy stored in the food into a form of chemical energy that the cell can use. 2. Produces toxic waste products (lactic acid, ethanol) Examples in anaerobic respiration: Yeast cells and muscle cells Whats yeast?

Yeast is a singles celled fungi. Used for commercial processes in making: 1. Beer 2. Wine 3. Baked bread How are they made? 1. The yeast cells are prevented from getting oxygen. 2. They stop respiring aerobically and anaerobically instead 3. When this happens, glucose is partially broken down into Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol (Alcohol) Ethanol: It's alcohol and used for beer and wine. Carbon Dioxide: The gas helps bread rise when baked Properties of Ethanol: Ethanol burns to produce a lot of heat so it contains large amounts of stored chemical energy. MUSCLE CELLS: 1. Muscle cells anaerobically respire when they are short of oxygen; when they perform a burst exercise, overworking their muscles. 2. This is because the bloodstream cannot travel fast enough to deliver enough oxygen for aerobic respiration. 3. Glucose is then partially broken down into lactic acid.

What does anaerobic respiration do to the muscle cells?

It provides an energy supply for a short period.

What happens if the 'burst' exercise is continued?

Lactic acid gathers in the bloodstream causing cramps and pain because muscle is not contracting efficiently. To prevent this: The person must rest, to oxidize the lactic acid using oxygen

 Lactic acid sent to the liver .Oxygen breaks it down into carbon dioxide and water

Oxygen Debt: the volume of oxygen required to fully oxidize the lactic acid that is build up in the body during anaerobic respiration. (write equations)

Respiration and breathing are not the same thing:

Respiration releases energy, while breathing lets air into and out of our lungs. Most of the reactions involved happen inside mitochondria, The reactions inside are controlled by enzymes.

During exercise, the muscle cells respire more than they do at rest. This means that:

Oxygen and glucose must be delivered to them more quickly Waste carbon dioxide must be removed more quickly

What happens during exercise?

During exercise, the breathing rate, breathing depth and heart rate increase. During hard exercise an oxygen debt may build up If there is too much ethanol produced it will kill the cells. So it must be got rid of by using oxygen in aerobic reactions.

 Anaerobic respiration is also known as Fermentation.

Why is respiration essential? Without respiration, you wouldnt have energy to do all your physical activities and survive.

ATP:. It is a molecule that stores all the energy that comes from foods. It is present in every cell