George III,English King comes to power in 1760. In large amount of debt. Imperial Administration,Replacement for salutary neglect.

Revenue Act of 1762,Enforces collection of trade duties. Allowed to stop and tak e ships. Rotten Boroughs,Gerrymandering. Intentional manipulation of electoral districts to benefit certain parties. George Grenville,British Prime minister 1763-1765. Architect of the stamp act. B ritain in huge debt and need to find way to pay. Currency Act of 1764,Grenville. Banned american colonies from using paper money as a legal tender. Ensures British merchants get paid good money, boosting prof its and british wealth. Sugar Act of 1764,Replacement for ignored molasses act. Tax of 3 pence per gallo n on French Molasses and tighter customs enforcement. Despised act because peopl e were used to just smuggling and being able to get it for free so 3 pence sound ed like a lot. People believed all taxes should come from the people so hated. Smuggling,People make their fortunes doing this. Sneaking molasses in from the F rench Vice-Admiralty Court,Sugar act offenders were tried in this. Tried by judges and no jury, often away from home. Judges paid for each person they convict so high conviction rate. John Hancock,Caught and tried in vice-admiralty court for smuggling. Defended by John Adams. No Taxation Without Representation,Massachusetts assembly's claim against Britain against unfair taxation. Britain rejects because they claim representation shoul d only be for british men. Stamp Act,1765. Sparks imperial crisis. Required tax stamp on all documents, lan d titles, contracts, newspapers, and other printed items. Affects everyone becau se everyone needs these things.Claimed to be in place to pay for the troops amer icans needed for defense. Stamp Act Congress,Congress called to oppose the stamp act. Second tim the entir e nation gets together. Discussed solution to the stamp act problem. Benjamin Franklin,Proposed that instead of the stamp act or making the colonists pay the troops that the colonists get representation in parliament. Virtual Representation,Claims by the british that Americans have sufficient repr esentation in government because parliament has merchants who trade with the col onies and who own plantations in the west indies in it. Quartering Act,Required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for th e British troops. Patriots,Defenders of American rights and liberty. Organized protests both viole nt and peaceful. Patrick Henry,Member of the House of Burgesses. Condemned Grenville's legislation and attacked George III for supporting it. Hated Stamp Act. Boycott,Peaceful resistance. People refuse to purchase or use British goods. Sons of Liberty,Patriots who banded together to protest the stamp act. Originate d in Boston. Andrew Oliver,Collector who was burned in Effigy by Sons of Liberty in Boston. Thomas Hutchinson,Lieutenant governor. House attacked by Bostonians destroying h is things. Writs of Assistance,Search warrant that doesn't require probable cause. Impacts no rthern maritime most. James Otis,Sued British government. Argued colonists were British citizens and d eserved the rights afforded by the Magna Carta (no writs of assistance). Montesquieu,Enlightenment political philosopher who came up with the idea of sep aration of powers. Separation of Powers,Idea proposed by Montesquieu that the power of the governme nt should be divided into multiple branches each holding their own powers. Lord Rockingham,British prime minister in 1765. Thought that America was more im portant for trade than tax revenue and ended the stamp act. Declaratory Act of 1766,This act imposed by Lord Rockingham, reaffirmed parliame nts ultimate power in all issues.

Charles Townshend,Essentially the british prime minister in 1766. William Pitt w as too sick so he sent this man. Townshend Act of 1767,Imposed duties on imports of paper, paint, glass and tea t o the colonies. Revenue Act of 1767,Created a board of customs commissioners in Boston and ViceAdmiralty courts in Halifax, Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston. Restraining Act of 1767,Suspends New York assembly for refusing to comply with t he Quartering act. New Yorkers reluctantly gather funds to quarter the troops. British Privy Council,Originally rejected some laws, but under Townshend declare d that the very existence of American assemblies relies on the will of parliamen t. External Duties,Duties on imports and traded goods. Thought to be acceptable to Americans. Internal Duties,Direct duties. Thought to be unacceptable to Americans. John Dickinson,Author of Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania. Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania,Written by John Dickinson in 1768. Thought that the real issue was the intention of legislation. Because Townshend Duties designed to raise revenue and not regulate trade they were composed without cons ent. Homespun Movement,As a result of the boycott, women begin spinning and weaving t heir own cloth. People wear it as a sign of political resistance to the Townshen d Acts. Daughters of Liberty,Groups of women who celebrated American products such as ry e coffee, bear venison, and charitable work such as spinning flax and wool. Lord Hillsborough,British secretary of state for american affairs. Dispatched Th omas gage and 4,000 british troops to Boston for their letter opposing the Towns hend Acts. Thomas Gage,General sent by Hillsborough to Massachusetts. Accused Massachusetts leaders as being treasonable and desperate. John Wilkes,Radical Whig who attacked government corruption and won election to parliament. Loved by American Patriots. His imprisonment resulted in the Massacr e of St. George's Field. Massacre of St. George's Field,John Wilkes' imprisonment resulted in seven members o f an angry London crowd protesting his arrest being killed. Lord North,British prime minister after Townshend in 1770. Persuades parliament to call off most of the American taxes except tea as part of his compromise. Col onial merchants call of the boycott. Liberty Pole,New York artisans and workers taunted British troops. Soldiers tear this down. Patriot flagpole. Results in a week of street fighting. Boston Massacre, Massacre resulting from friction over constitutional principles and competition between residents and off-duty British soldiers in March 1770. Soldiers fire into a crowd of rowdy demonstrators killing 5 men. Paul Revere,Man who issued the propaganda painting of the Boston Massacre. Gross ly inaccurate, painted days later. Committee of Correspondence,Committees which started in Boston with radical patr iots protesting imperial domination. States the rights of the colonists in the p rovince. 80 MA towns had similar committees soon. Several other assemblies and o ther states set them up after the Gaspee incident. Gaspee,Customs vessel burned by the colonists. British officials threatened to s eize the Americans responsible and prosecute them in Britain. Tea Act of 1773,Act passed in may of 1773. Provided financial relief for the Eas t India Company by giving them a monopoly on tea in America. Americans refused t he tea and thought they were being bribed for support of the tea tax. Led to the Boston Tea Party. East India Tea Company,Company serving for instrument of Britain imperialism. In large amount of debt because of the import duties of tea in Britain. Had surplu s. Dartmouth,British tea trading ship boarded for the Boston Tea Party. Boston Tea Party,December 16 1773. Artisans and laborers disguised as indians bo ard the Dartmouth and throw tea into the harbor.

Intolerable Acts,Patriot name for the Coercive acts. Coercive Acts,4 acts passed after the Boston tea party to force Massachusetts to pay and impose authority. Boston Port bill closed Boston Harbor to shipping. Ma ssachusetts Government Act annulled colony's charter and prohibited town meetings. Quartering Act new barracks for British troops. Justice Act allowed trials for capital crimes to be transferred to other colonies or Britain. Boston Port Bill,Coercive act. Closed Boston harbor to shipping. Massachusetts Government Act,Coercive act. Annulled Massachusetts charter and pr ohibited town meetings. Quartering Act,Coercive act. Mandated new barracks for troops. Justice Act,Coercive act. Allowed trials for capital crimes to be transferred to other colonies or Britain. Quebec Act,Act passed in 1774. Allowed practice of Roman Catholicism in Quebec. Reignited religious passions in Massachusetts. Extended Quebec's boundaries into O hio River Valley. First Continental Congress,Response to the Coercive Acts. Patriot leaders conven e. None from Florida, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Georgia. Philadelphi a September 1774. Southern Reps feared British plot to introduce system of arbit rary government and advocated economic boycott. New England wants political unio n and military prep. Middle colonies want political compromise. Joseph Galloway,Pennsylvania man. Led Continental Congress. Proposed new politic al system. Galloway's Plan,Political plan proposed by Joseph Galloway. Similar to Franklin's Al bany plan. Each colony retains its local power and a new continent wide body han dles general American affairs. Most delegates thought it was too lenient. Declaration of Rights and Grievances,Plan passed by delegates at the first conti nental congress demanding repeal of the coercive acts and repudiated the declara tory act which proclaimed parliaments supremacy. Stopped importing of British go ods in 1774 and cut off all colonial exports in 1775 if parliament did not compl y. Pitt's Plan,Plan proposed by British that was rejected by the ministry. Parliament would renounce its power to tax the colonies and would recognize the Continenta l Congress as a lawful body. In return the US would acknowledge parliamentary su periority and would provide a permanent source of revenue. Loyalists,Many men who feared british resistance would undermine political insti tution and introduce anarchy. Men who are loyal to Britain. Tories,Another name for loyalists. Supporters of the british side during the Ame rican revolution. Middlesex County Congress,Massachusetts colony congress in 1774. Urged patriots to close the existing royal courts and transfer allegiance to the elected House of Representatives. Minutemen,Colonial militia who stood ready to mobilize during the imperial crisi s of the 1770s. Formed core of the Lexington and Concord Army. Lexington and Concord,Shot heard around the world. Massachusetts was proclaimed to be an open rebellion by Lord Dartmouth. Gage ordered to dispatch troops to ca pture colonial leaders and supplies at the second of the two locations. Paul Rev ere and others warned patriots in many towns. Minutemen confront british in this battle. Began revolutionary war. Second Continental Congress,May 1775. Patriot leaders gather in Philadelphia. Pr epare for war. Seeing Bunker Hill John Adams creates Continental Army. Bunker Hill,As the Second Continental Congress opens 3,000 British troops attack American fortifications here and at breed's hill. Inspired continental army with countrymen's valor. Continental Army,Created by John Adams after he was inspired by the valor seen a t the battle of Bunker Hill. George Washington led. Olive Branch Petition,Petition drafted by John Dickinson of Pennsylvania and was adopted by the second continental congress. Submitted to King George. Attempted to assert the rights of the colonists while still remaining loyal to Britain. K ing George refused to even read it. Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition,King issued proclamation for

dealing with the rebellious state in the colonies. Invasion of Canada,Radicals in congress won support. Patriot forces take down th e british forces in Montreal. Fail to capture Quebec city and withdraw. Prohibitory Act,Parliament passed act that prohibited trade with all rebellious colonies. Lord Dunmore,Royal governor of Virginia. Issued proclamation promising freedom t o black slaves and white indentured servants who joined the loyalists. Josiah Martin,North Carolina royal governor. Raised loyalist force of scottish h ighlanders. Battled in Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge. Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge,Battle in North Carolina. Patriot victory over Josi ah Martin's army of Scottish Highlanders. Thomas Paine,Author of Common Sense. Called for independence. Common Sense,Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine calling for independence. Assaulte d monarchial order. Neutrals,Many Quakers and Anglican merchants in Philadelphia. Supported neither British or american cause. Gilbert Tennent,Helped prompt Scots-Irish artisans and laborers to become patrio ts. New Light minister. Preached that all men and women were equal before god. Dr. Benjamin Rush,Questioned wisdom of George III and the very idea of monarchy along with Benjamin Franklin. Richard Henry Lee,Man who presented Virginia's resolution to the Continental Congr ess. United States should be free and independent. Declaration of Independence,Continental Congress approved. Drafted by Thomas Jef ferson. Attacked George III. Unalienable Rights,3 rights drafted into the Declaration of Independence by Thom as Jefferson. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Popular Sovereignty,The republican principle that voters control laws through ap proval and by voting.