Conformity Requirements for an Operator

Report Title: Course:

Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

ENVIRNOMENTAL MANAGEMENT & SAFETY
(MSc. Engg Management)

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Group Members:

Sir Qaiser GROUP # 3

2012-MS-EM-10 2012-MS-EM-12 2012-MS-EM-14 2012-MS-EM-15

Tauqeer Muzammal Syed Hassan Ali Bukhari Bilal Saleem Rizwan Ali

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

in Pakistan

Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan CHAPTERS Chapter # 1 Introduction Chapter # 2 Conformity EIA EPA Act 1997 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports (Nov -1997) Current EIA Process in Pakistan PAK EPA 2005 12 CONTENTS Page No. 3

Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2000 SCHEDULE I : LIST OF PROJECTS REQUIRING AN IEE SCHEDULE II : LIST OF PROJECTS REQUIRING AN EIA

Chapter # 3

NEQS Introduction Self Monitoring and reporting system National Environmental Quality Standards(SelfMonitoring and Reporting by industy) Rule,2001 National environmental standards for muncipal and liquid industrial effluents(mg/l,unless otherwise defined) Sectorial Guidelines

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Chapter # 4

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Chapter # 5

Hazardous Sabstance Application for License EIA of project or industrial activity Project implementation and resettlement of affected persons, Ordinance 2001 The Pollution Charge For Industry, Rules 2001

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Chapter # 6

Solid Waste Management Specifications for land filling Incineration Guidelines

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References

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

CHAPTER # 1 Introduction
Conformity:
Conformity is compliance in with certain accepted standards or norms.Certain regulatory agencies and Environmental laws which assure the natural environment and set certain standards for environmental Protection.Environmental laws typically set maximum acceptable levels of emissions to the air, soil, and water as well as define acceptable protocols in the manufacture, transport, storage, and disposal of wastes. Federal regulations cover the air, water, land, solid waste, and hazardous waste media, and also address the management of forestry, fish, wildlife, and other environmental, natural, and cultural resources. While the level of environmental compliance can be determined by the degree to which an organization is meeting legal environmental requirements, the achievement of higher levels of environmental performance goes beyond compliance requirements. Improvements in environmental performance measure to what degree an organization is surpassing compliance requirements, or how the company has improved its relations between its activities and the environment (Young and Rikhardsson, 1996).

Process of Conformance:
An organization must be familiar with all legal requirements and have a mechanism for ensuring that they are aware of new legal obligations as they come into existence. The environmental policy must state the organizations commitment to understand and comply with all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with identified legal requirements must be evaluated on some self-defined periodic basis. This may be through regular metrics or a comprehensive compliance audit. Either way if a noncompliance is discovered, the organization must take action to correct noncompliance and prevent it from recurring For pollution prevention, responsible parties are to identify means and methods for the elimination or minimization of pollutants, particularly hazardous wastes, using the following hierarchy:
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan 1) Source reduction, 2) Material recycling, 3) Teatment, and 4) Disposal

EIA:
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) refers to the evaluation of the environmental impacts likely to raise from a major project significantly affecting the environment. EIA is a planning tool and its main purpose is to give the environment its due place in the decision making Process by clearly evaluating the environmental consequences of a proposed activity before action is taken.

Most definitions recognize the following four basic principles: Procedural principle; EIA establishes a systematic method for incorporating environmental considerations into decision-making. Informational principle; EIA provides the necessary elements to make an informed decision. Preventive principle; EIA should be applied at the earliest opportunity within the decision-making process to allow the anticipation and avoidance of environmental impacts wherever possible; and Iterative principle;
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

The information generated by EIA is made available to interested parties to elicit a response which in turn should be fed back into EIA process. Purpose of the Assessment: To identify and assess any potentially adverse environmental effects of a new development. The adverse impacts could be avoided or reduce. To ensure that environmental consequences were taken into account during planning, designing & decision Making process. To influence how it is subsequently managed during its implementation.

Origin of EIA in Pakistan: PEPO, 1983 Section 8 states that every proponent of a project the construction or completion of which is likely to adversely affect the environment shall file with the Agency, at the time of planning the project. Guidelines were prescribed by the Ministry of Environment. It became mandatory for all new projects since 1st July, to seek environmental clearance from responsible agency. The EIA process was strengthened under Section 12 of PEPA, 1997. Guidelines were prepared with a thorough consultative process with the stakeholders. IEE/EIA Regulations, 2000 notified

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act1997

For all new projects likely to have adverse environmental impact the proponent has to seek environmental approval from respective EPAs. Environmental approval from respective EPAs since 1st July 1994. Compliance with National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) Pakistan provides for environmental assessment in clause 12,and various other clauses. This clause has become operational under IEE/EIA Regulations,2000. Establishment ,Functions and Powers of Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies Prohibition of Certain Discharges or Emissions No person shall discharge or emit liquid, air and noise levels in environment in excess of NEQS. Levy of pollution charges who contravenes or fails to comply with the Act provisions. Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment.

Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports (Nov -1997)
1. Commencing Environmental Assessment Purpose of IEE
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan Format of IEE Scoping

2. Assessing Impacts Impact Identification Analysis and Significance 3. Mitigation Management Purpose of Mitigation Environmental Management Plan 4. Reviewing and Decision making Steps in reviewing Environment reports The decision-making process Checks and Balances 5. Monitoring and Auditing Environmental Monitoring Committees Environmental Auditing

Screening / Initial Environmental Examination (IEE):

The process of an EIA commences at the early stages of a project. When the project is first considered, not when construction has begun. Once a developer has identified a need, assessed project design and site; the next step is to see the positive and negative effects of this development on the environment. The outcome of the screening process is a decision to either include or exclude the development from the full EIA Process. Scoping: Should a formal EEA be required then the next phase is to define the issues which need to be addresses. Scoping is a very key stage of the EIA process in which those impacts which might have significant effect on the environment, to be addressed in the EIA, are determined. Steps to be considered during scoping: Develop a communication plan (decide who to talk to and when). Assemble information that will be the starting point of discussion. Make the information available to those whose views are to be obtained. Find out what issues people are concerned about. Look at the issues from a technical or scientific perspective in preparation for further study. Organize information according to issues including grouping and setting priorities.
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan Develop a strategy for addressing and resolving each key issue, including information requirements and terms of reference for further studies.

Scoping can be used to: Consider reasonable and practical alternatives. Inform potentially affected people of the proposal and alternatives. Identify the possible effects on the environment of the proposal and alternatives. Understand the values held by individuals and groups about the quality of the environment that might be affected by the proposal and the alternatives. Evaluate the possible environmental effects and concerns expressed to determine whether, and how, to investigate them further. Define the boundaries of any required further assessment in time, space and subject matter. Determine the analytical methods and consultation procedures needed in any further assessment. Organize, focus and communicate the potential impacts and concerns, to assist further analysis and decision-making. Establish the Terms of Reference to be used as the basis of the ongoing assessment.

EIA Report Preparation: Once it has been determined that a project has potentially significant impacts on the environment and the main issues to be considered in the study have been identified, the EIA has to be undertaken and presented in the form of an Environmental Impact Assessment report.The assessment must determine: the significance of direct and indirect impacts, both beneficial and adverse, and the duration of the impacts. EIA report normally include the following information: The impact the project would have on the physical environment. Any possible pollution of the soil, of waters of all kinds such as surface, underground, costal and of the atmosphere. The impact of the project on wildlife, the natural habitat and all other ecological factors. The projects likely influence on the qualities of life of the local populations. Any influence the project may have on existing industry and employment. Any need that may result for new or improved infrastructure such as utilities, transport, housing, school recreational amenities etc.

Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan EIA Report Review: Once the EIA is completed and the EIA report is submitted to the competent authority, it has to be ensured that the EIA has been conducted properly, that all of the necessary analysis have been undertaken and are contained in the final report. It is necessary to develop review criteria to check the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the EIA Report. The review can be carried out by decision maker or by review committee, however effective review criteria should allow an authority to: Ensure that all relevant information has been analysed and presented. Assess the validity and accuracy of information contained in EIA Report. Quickly become familiar with the proposed project and consider whether additional information is needed. Assess the significance of the projects environmental effects. Evaluate the need for mitigation and monitoring of environmental impact and advise on whether a project should be allowed to proceed.

Decision Maker: Once the study is finished and EIA report is submitted, the responsible decision-makers start what is often the difficult task of balancing environmental, economic, political and technical factors in reaching a final decision regarding the course of action to be taken.On completion of the review, the decision of the Federal Agency shall be communicated to the proponent in the form prescribed in Schedule V in the case of an IEE, and in the form prescribed in Schedule VI in the case of an EIA.

Monitoring: Monitoring is an activity undertaken to provide specific information on the characteristics and functioning of environmental and social variables in space and time. The monitoring activities can be classified as: Baseline; monitoring conducted before the development of the project and oriented towards establishing the baseline environmental conditions. Construction; monitoring carried out during the construction and oriented either to the emissions and discharges of the installation or to the status of the environmental variable. After-use; monitoring to be carried out when the installation is left or has finished its operative period and oriented to residual emissions, e.g.long term evaluation of the environmental conditions.

Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

Current EIA Process in Pakistan:

Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

PAK EPA 2005:

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Penalties:
Federal Government levies a Pollution Charge on any person who contravenes or fails to comply with the provision of prohibition of import of hazardous substances.Whoever fails to comply with the provisions of the foll owing will be punishable with the fines which may extend to one million rupees, and in case of a continuing failure, additional fine may extend upto a fine of rupees hundred thousand rupees per day Prohibition of certain discharges or emissions IEE and EIA Prohibition of import of hazardous substances Those who fails to comply with the laws of handling of hazardous substances and regulation of motor vehicles will be punishable with a fine which may extend upto 100,000 rupees. Environmental Tribunals setup by Federal Government to adjudicate on cases of Environmental Violation

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CHAPTER # 2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2000

Projects requiring an IEE Schedule I Projects requiring an EIA

Schedule II Projects not requiring an IEE or EIA Review Fees

Schedule III Filling and Review of IEE and EIA

Schedule IV Decision and Approvals

Schedule V Schedule VI Schedule VII

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

SCHEDULE I LIST OF PROJECTS REQUIRING AN IEE

(A) Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, etc. 1. Poultry, livestock, stud and fish farms with total cost of more than 10 million rupees. 2. Projects involving repacking, formulation or warehousing of agriculture products.

(B)Energy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hydroelectric Power generation less than 50 MW. Thermal Power generation less than 200 MV. Transmission Lines less than 11KV, and large distribution projects. Oil and Gas transmission system. Oil and Gas extraction projects including exploration, production, gathering system, separation and storage. 6. Waste-to-energy generation projects. (C)Manufacturing & Processing 1. Ceramics and glass units with total cost of more than 50 million rupees. 2. Food Processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and diary products, with total cost of less than 100 million rupees. 3. Man made fibers and resin projects with total cost less than 100 million rupees. 4. Manufacturing of apparel including dying and printing, with total cost of more than 25 million rupees. 5. Wood products with total cost of more than 25 million rupees. (D) Mining & Mineral Processing 1. Commercial extraction of sand gravel, limestone, clay, sulphur and other minerals not included in Schedule II with cost of less than 100 million rupees. 2. Crushing, grinding and separation processes. 3. Smelting plants with total cost of 50 million rupees. (E) Transport 1. Federal or provincial highways (except maintenance, rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing mettaled roads) with total cost of less than 50 million rupees. 2. Ports and harbour development for ships less than 500 gross tons. (F) Water Management, Dams, Irrigation and Flood Protection. 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 million cubic meters or surface area less than 08 square kilometers. 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 15,000 hectares.
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan 3. Small scale irrigation system with total cost less than 50 million rupees. (G) Water Supply and Treatment 1. Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of less than Rs. 25 million rupees. (H) Waste Disposal 1. Waste disposal facility for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity less than 10,000 cubic meters. (I) Urban Development and Tourism 1. Housing schemes. 2. Public facilities with significant off-site impacts e.g, hospital wastes. 3. Urban development projects. (J) Other Projects 1. Any other project for which filing of an IEE is required by the Federal Agency under sub-regulation (2) of regulation.

SCHEDULE II LIST OF PROJECTS REQUIRING AN EIA

(A) Energy 1. Hydroelectric power generation over 50 MW. 2. Thermal power generation over 200 MW. 3. Transmission lines (11 KV and above) and grid stations. 4. Nuclear Power plants. 5. Petroleum refineries. (B) Manufacturing and Processing 1. Cement Plants. 2. Chemicals projects. 3. Fertilizers plants. 4. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy products with total cost of Rs. 100 Million and above. 5. Industrial Estates (including export processing zones) 6. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost of Rs. 100 Million and above. 7. Pesticides (manufacture or formulation). 8. Petrochemicals complex.

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan 9. Synthetic resins, plastic and man-made fibers, paper and paperboard, paper pulping, plastic products, textile (except apparel), printing and publishing, paints and dyes, oils and fats and vegetable ghee projects with a total cost more than Rs. 10 Million. 10. Tanning and lather finishing projects. (C) Mining and Mineral Processing

1. Mining and processing of coal, gold, copper, sulphur and 2. Mining and processing of major non-ferrous 3. Smelting plants with total cost of Rs. 50 Million and above. (D) Transport

precious stones. steel rolling.

metals, iron and

1. Airports. 2. Federal or provincial highways (except maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction of existing roads) with total cost of Rs.50 million and above. 3. Ports and harbors development for ships 500 gross tons and above.

4. Railway works. (E) Water Management, Dams, Irrigation and Flood Protection 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume 50 million cubic meters and above or surface area of 08 square kilometers and above. 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving 15,000 hectares and above. (F) Water supply schemes and treatment 1. Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of Rs. 25 million and above. (G) Waste Disposal 1. Waste disposal and / or storage of hazardous or toxic wastes (including land fill sites incineration of hospital toxic waste). 2. Waste disposal facility for domestic or industrial waste with annual capacity more than 10,000 cubic meters. (H) Urban development and tourism 1. Land use studies and urban plans (large cities).
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan 2. Large scale tourism development projects with total cost more than Rs. 50 million. (I) Environmentally Sensitive Areas 1. All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas.

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

CHAPTER # 3 National Environment Quality Standards

National Environmental Quality Standards for Municipal and liquid Industrial Effluents (32 parameters). National Environmental Quality Standards for Industrial Gaseous Emissions. National Environmental Quality Standards for Motor Vehicle Exhaust and Noise.

Introduction:
In recent years, the Government of Pakistan has taken various concrete steps to attain control over industrial pollution in the country. The most significant measure was the enactment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, which makes it incumbent upon industrial facilities to restrict their air emissions and effluents to the limits specified in the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). The Act also outlines institutional framework for administering its laws: it institutes one federal and four provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) to formulate NEQS and devise systems and procedures required to determine whether industries comply with them. Unless the EPAs elicit the industrial sectors participation, the second task isnt small or easy. It requires the EPAs to measure, analyze and report the environmental performance of every industrial facility in the country, against no less than 48 environmental parameters32 for liquid effluents and 16 for air emissions, which are in the NEQS. Clearly, this approach would not be feasible, for one thing, it costs far more than the EPAs, with their limited resources, could ever afford. Secondly, it fails to involve industries in the monitoring and evaluation of environmental performance, which will retard the development of their own capacity to identify pollution control measures. Left out in the cold, industries are likely to cooperate less with EPA inspectors and consider environmental monitoring more a hindrance than an opportunity to discover new roads to cost effectiveness. Perceiving the need for a more feasible approach, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council constituted an Environmental Standards Committee in 1996 to devise realistic modalities for NEQS enforcement and simplified monitoring procedures. The Committee was chaired by Mr. Shamsh Kasim Lakha, President of the Aga Khan University, and included representatives of industrial interest groups, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders. An Expert Advisory Committee was also appointed to address technical issues related to the NEQS and environmental mentoring and reporting procedures. Working in close collaboration with various industries, NGOs and research
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan organizations, the Committee completed its work in August 1998. One of the important products of its efforts is the Self-Monitoring and Reporting System for Industry, which will be implemented by the EPAs in collaboration with the industry and other stakeholders.

Self-Monitoring and Reporting System:

One of the important products of NEQS efforts is the Self -Monitoring and Reporting System for Industry, which will be implemented by the EPAs in collaboration with the industry and other stakeholders. Objectives of the Self-Monitoring Program: Self-Monitoring and Reporting System will make the countrys industry owners and operators responsible for systematic monitoring and reporting of their environmental performance. By implementing this system, the government will, in fact, transfer the responsibility for examining and evaluating industrys environmental performance to individual industrial facilities. Apart from saving EPAs considerable expense, time and effort, this measure will enable industry to make long-term provisions for eco-friendly production. The reported data will also enable government agencies to assist industrial units in controlling their pollution levels. The Self-Monitoring and Reporting System It classifies industry into three categories A, B and C each corresponding to a specified reporting frequency. SMART: Industrial units will get their effluent tested from a laboratory and enter the results in the electronic forms (software SMART Self-Monitoring and Reporting Tool, provided with this package). The data so entered could be sent to respective Environmental Protection Agency via email or through floppy. Sampling and analysis requirements and procedures, and the reporting format are also prescribed. The aim of this package is to provide this information to industry owners so they can respond effectively to their new obligations.

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National Environmental Quality Standards(Self-Monitoring and Reporting by industy) Rule,2001 SCHEDULE I

Classification of Industrial Units for Liquid Effluents 1. Category "A" (1) Chlor-Alkali (Mercury Cell). (2) Chlor-Alkali (Diaphram Cell). (3) Metal finishing and electroplating. (4) Nitrogenous fertilizer. (5) Phosphate fertilizer. (6) Pulp and paper. (7) Pesticides formulation. (8) Petroleum refining. (9) Steel industry. (10) Synthetic fiber. (11) Tanning and leather finishing. (12) Textile processing. (13) Pigments and dyes. (14) Thermal Power Plants (Oil Fired and Coal Fired). (15) Rubber products. (16) Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers. (17) Pesticides. (18) Printing. (19) Industrial chemicals. (20) Oil and Gas production. (21) Petrochemicals. (22) Combined effluent treatment. (23) Any other industry to be specified by Federal or Provincial Agency 2. Category "B" (1) Dairy industry. (2) Fruit and vegetable processing. (3) Glass manufacturing. (4) Sugar. (5) Detergent. (6) Photographic. (7) Glue manufacture. (8) Oil and Gas exploration. (9) Thermal Power Plants (Gas Fired) (10) Vegetable oil and ghee mills. (11) Woolen mills. (12) Plastic materials and products. (13) Wood and cork products. (14) Any other industry to be specified by federal or Provincial Agency. 3. Category "C"
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan (1) Pharmaceutical (Formulation) Industry. (2) Marble Crushing. (3) Cement. (4) Any other industry to be specified by Federal or Provincial Agency

SCHEDULE II
Industrial Units for Gaseous Emissions 1. Category "A" (1) Cement. (2) Glass manufacturing (3) Iron and steel. (4) Nitrogenous fertilizer. (5) Phosphate fertilizer. (6) Oil and Gas production. (7) Petroleum refining. (8) Pulp and paper. (9) Thermal Power Plants (coal and oil based) (10) Boilers, ovens, furnaces and kilns (coal and oil fired) (11) Brick-Kilns (firewood and bagasse based) (12) Any other industry to be specified by Federal or Provincial Agency. 2. Category B (1) Sugar. (2) Textile. (3) Choloralkali plants. (4) Dairy industry. (5) Fruits and vegetables. (6) Metal finishing and electroplating. (7) Boilers, ovens, furnaces and kilns (gas-fired) (8) Any other industry to be specified by Federal or Provincial Agency.

Reporting procedure:
1. Category A I. Under category A, each plant has to report its environmental data every month. II. This data must be reported to the Provincial EPA by the 7th of every succeeding month at the end of the reporting month. If the data is not received by the 7th, then a defaulters list will be automatically generated and reminders could be printed. If the data is still not received by the 15th, then Provincial EPA will take further action. III. If the data is not received by the 15th, the graphical representation of the pollution data will consider the data reported on the previous month. This data will be marked in order to be identified as carried-forward-data. 2. Category B I. Under category B, each plant has to report the environmental data on quarterly basis. II. This data must be reported to the Provincial EPA by the 7th of every succeeding month at
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan the end of the reporting month. If the data is not received by t he 7th, then a defaulters list will be automatically generated and reminders could be printed. If the data is still not received by the 15th, then Provincial EPA will take further action. III. If the data is not received by the 15th, the graphical representation of the pollution data will consider the data reported for the previous quarter. This data will be marked in order to be identified as carried-forward-data. 3. Category C I. Under category C, each plant has to report the environmental data on biannual basis. II. This data must be reported to the Provincial EPA by the 7th of every succeeding month at the end of the reporting month. If the data is not received by the 7th, then a defaulters list will be automatically generated and reminders could be printed. If the data is still not received by the 15th, then Provincial EPA will take further action. III. If the data is not received by the 15th, the graphical representation of the pollution data will consider the data reported for the previous six months. This data will be marked in order to be identified as carried-forward-data.

SCHEDULE III

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SCHEDULE IV

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SCHEDULE V

SCHEDULE VI
FORM A

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FORM B

FORM C

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SCHEDULE VII

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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOR MUNCIPAL AND LIQUID INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS(mg/l,unless otherwise defined) ANNEX I

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

Explanation: 1. Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge, lower ration would attract progressively stringent standards to be determined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. By 1:10 dilution means,for example that for each one cubic meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should have cubic meter of water for dilution of this effluent. 2. Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS) ; assuming surfactant as biodegradable. 3. Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. 4. Subject to total toxic metal discharge should not exceed level given at S.N.25. 5. Applicable to total only when and where sewage treatment is operational and BOD 5 = 80 mg/l is achieved by the sewage treatment system. 6. Provided discharge is not at shore and not within 10 miles of mangrove or other important estuaries. The effluent should not result in temperature increase of more thean 3 0C at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place in the receiving body. In case zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge. The value for industry is 200mg/l Discharge concentration at or below sea concentration (SC). NOTE: 1. Dilution of liquid effluents to bring them to the NEQS limiting values is not permissible through fresh water mixing with the effluent before discharging into the environment. 2. The concentration of pollutants in water being used will be subtracted from the effluent for calculating the NEQS limits.
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ANNEX II

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Explanation: 1. Based on the assumption that the size of particulate is 10 micron or more. 2. Based on 1 percent Sulphur content in fuel oil. Higher content of Sulphur will case standard to be pro-rated. 3. In respect of emission on oil and coal as fuel shall in addition to National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) specified above, comply with the following standards

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CHAPTER # 4 Sectorial Guidelines

PakEPA,with the help of all stakeholders, has developed Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports. These reports comprehensively cover the Environmental Issues specific to each Sector.However, the sectoral guidelines are not stand alone documents. They should be read along with the whole Package which includes several documents.

The Package:

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

Guidelines for following Sectors have been drafted as yet: Major Thermal Power Stations Major Chemical and Manufacturing Plants Industrial Estates New township development Major Roads Sewage Schemes Oil and Gas Exploration Wind Power Projects TDF/RDF in Cement Industry

While the drafting of guidelines for following sectors is in progress. Water Supply Projects Irrigation and Drainage Dams Forestry Municipal Waste Disposal

The basic structure of all of these documents is SAME and includes the following parts. Sector Overview of the industry Potential Impacts on Environment Mitigation Measures Monitoring and Reporting Management and Training Checklist of likely Environmental Impacts and mitigation Measures

SECTORAL GUIDELINES:
Its difficult to cover all of the sectors in our presentation. Therefore, only one document is being covered which is GUIDELINES FOR USING TYRE DERIVED FUEL(TDF) IN CEMENT INDUSTRY. NOTE : The issues discussed in the guidelines are not exhaustive and the degree of relevance of each will vary from proposal to proposal.
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GUIDELINES FOR USING TYRE DERIVED FUEL IN CEMENT INDUSTRY:

Tyre derived fuel (TDF) means a fuel that is derived from end of life scrap Tyres by completely shredding/cutting them into pieces for use as supplemental fuel. No cement unit is allowed to import or use TDF without obtaining prior consent.The following criteria and standards shall apply to award consent to the cement unit desirous to import or use TDF in the country: 1. Quality Of Tyre Derived Fuel 1. 80-88% Carbon 2. Proper Size ( < 2 Inches ) 3. Certificate from Exporting Country that it does not contain hazardous materials 2. Transportation And Storage 1. Will be in accordance the Environment Management Plan 2. Modification of fire fighting Plan 3. Determination Of Tdf Quantity 1. TDF will be between 15-30% of total fuel 2. Exact maximum limit to be determined after Emission Tests 3. Atleast 25% TDF from local tyres 4. Inspection of feeding system and pollution control technologies 4. Kiln Feeding System 1. Automation of feeding and weighing system 2. Maintainence of records 5. Kiln Burning System: 1. Operating temperature of over 1550 C 6. Combustion And Pollution Control Devices: 1. Electrostatic Precipitators are used 2. Emphasize on Performance 3. Scrubbers should be used when required
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan 7. Emission Limits:

8. Testing Facilities 1. Desirable to have in-house facilities 2. Otherwise, services of EPAs should be acquired
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan 9. Monitoring and Reporting 1. Each cement unit will be registered with EPA 2. Industry will monitor the level of PM,CO,Nox,SO2, 3. Monthly reporting of Consumption to EPA 10. Environmental Management Plan 11. Involvement of the Community

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CHAPTER # 5 Hazardous Substances

A substance or mixture of substances, other than a pesticide as defined in the Agricultural Pesticides Ordinance, 1971, which, by reason of its chemical activity or toxic, explosive, flammable, corrosive, radioactive or other characteristics, causes, or is likely to cause, directly or in combination with other matters an adverse environmental effect.

Substances prescribed as hazardous substances: As provided in sub-clause (b) of clause (xviii) of section 2, of the Act substances listed in Schedule I are hereby prescribed as hazardous substances. e.g. Acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone, acetone cyanohydrins, acetylene etc.

Application for license:

An application for grant of license under section 14 shall be filed with the Federal/Provincial Agency in Form A of Schedule II.

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Format of Application for license

I/we [ name(s) _______________ ] of [ address _____________ ] hereby apply for grant/ renewal of license to generate/ collect/ consign/ transport/ treat/ dispose of/ store/ handle/ import (delete words inapplicable) the following hazardous substance at my/our premises situated at [address _______________________].

I/we have read, and hereby undertake to comply with, all applicable provisions of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and rules and regulations made thereunder, including in particular the Hazardous Substances Rules, 2003.

I/we submit herewith the following documents: I. EIA of the project/industrial activity involving the above-mentioned hazardous substance, including safety plan. Waste management plan is/is not included. delete word(s) inapplicable]. Approved building plan of the premises mentioned above. List of machinery and equipment installed/proposed to be installed. List of qualified personnel and number of workers employed/proposed to be employed.

II. III. IV.

Date: __________

___________ Applicant
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EIA of project or industrial activity:

An application for grant of license shall be accompanied by an EIA of the project or industrial activity involving generation, collection, consignment, transport, treatment, disposal, storage, handling or import of a hazardous substance in respect of which the license is sought. (a) A safety plan (b) A waste management plan Applicability of PEPA Regulations, 2000: The EIA accompanying an application for license shall be prepared, scrutinized, reviewed and decided in accordance with the provisions of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Regulations, 2000. Issue of License: Where the Director-General approves an application for license, the applicant shall be informed accordingly and asked to deposit with the Federal/Provincial Agency license fees. On receipt of the license fees, the Federal/Provincial Agency shall issue a license. If a license is defaced, damaged or lost, duplicate thereof may be issued on fee payment.

Conditions of license: The EIA accompanying the application for license The licensee shall employ qualified technical personnel Packing and labeling: Size, material and design of container of a hazardous substance . The following information shall be printed: a) name of the hazardous substance b) name, address and license number of the licensee; c) net contents (volume or weight); d) date of manufacture and date of expiry, if any; e) A warning statement comprising The word DANGER! in red on a contrasting background. A picture of a skull and cross bones. Pertinent instructions for use, storage and handling and safety precautions relating thereto.
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan f) Instructions regarding return or disposal of the Location: The premises should not be located In a congested, residential, commercial or office area In small lanes or bye-lanes Close to drinking water sources In an area liable to flooding. empty container

Building: Be soundly constructed with good ventilation Have well-maintained electrical installations Have walls protected by non-flammable or slow-burning material Have fire-resistant doors fitted with self-closing system Have signs indicating location of emergency exits, escape routes, and fire- fighting equipment, prohibition of smoking, and safety precautions Have proper washing facilities with adequate supply of water. Be fitted with a notice on the outer door or gate bearing

Language: When opening the container, wear protective clothing and equipment Avoid contact of the hazardous substance with exposed skin or eyes. Do not eat, drink or smoke in the vicinity of hazardous substances.

Safety precautions for workers: Worker age Rained in safety precautions Protective clothing and equipment Adequate supply of water No worker shall be permitted to eat, drink or smoke All fire-fighting, emergency and safety equipment
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan First-aid medical facility Medical check-up of all workers A record of every worker Validity of license. Renewal of license. Cancellation of the license. Entry, inspection and monitoring. Notification of major accident.

Import of hazardous substances: An applicant for grant of license to import a hazardous substance shall provide the following details Port of entry into Pakistan; Particulars of transport Complete information pertaining to safety precautions Quantity of hazardous substance being imported; The purpose along with EIA Federal Agency ensuring

Transport of hazardous substances: An application for grant of license for transport of a hazardous substances also provide the following details Name and address of the person from whom Name and address of the person to whom Quantity Mode of transport Route Date and time of proposed transportation

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

Project implementation and resettlement of affected persons, Ordinance 2001

Ordinance to override other laws Director General Projects Director General Project's function Ordinance : This Ordinance and rules, regulations or orders made there under shall have effect notwithstanding any thing inconsistent therewith contained in any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument having effect by virtue of such law. Director General Projects: Director General Resettlement and Urban Development of the Ministry or in his absence any other officer holding the post of an Additional Secretary designated by the Secretary of the Ministry as Director General Projects Director General Project's function: The Director General projects on receipt of the intimation from the Project Officer shall issue the following instructions through a Gazette Notification amongst others regarding: The specific area of the project Specify Cutoff date for alienation of property in the project area Instructions to Project -Officer and NADRA Appoint a local liaison officer with his team Instructions for the local police Appoint the Environment and Social Development Officer Host Community and Privileges Indemnity

The Pollution Charge For Industry, Rules 2001:

Responsibility for calculation, reporting and payment: An industrial unit liable to pay the pollution charge shall itself be responsible for ensuring the correct calculation, reporting and payment of the pollution charge. Determination of pollution level: Inspection Team A representative of the Provincial Agency A representative of the industrial unit
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan Not more than two representatives each drawn from the list of any two authorized NGOs specified in Schedule II A representative of a certified environmental laboratory or any other agency approved and designated by the Provincial Agency The Inspection Team shall determine the pollution level of an industrial unit at least once a year. All samples obtained by the Inspection Team shall be tested and analyzed by a certified environmental laboratory.

Calculation and payment: The pollution charge shall be calculated by multiplying the pollution level with the actual production during the period for which the charge is to be paid. The pollution charge shall be payable biannually, based on the actual production in the preceding six months. The payment of the pollution charge shall be made by deposit, against proper receipt in the Government Treasury or any branch of the National Bank of Pakistan. The industrial unit shall submit a copy of the receipt, along with details of calculation of the pollution charge , to the Provincial Agency.

Re-determination of pollution level: If during the year an industrial unit reduces, for at least three consecutive months, the pollution units discharged by it to eighty per cent or less of the level of at least one parameter, it shall have the right to apply to the Provincial Agency for re-determination of its pollution level. The Director-General may at any time, on application from any person or suo motu and after giving an industrial unit an opportunity of being heard, have the pollution level of the industrial unit re-determined by the Inspection Team if he has reason to believe that the actual pollution units being discharged by such industrial unit in respect of any pollution parameter are twenty per cent or more than the level determined by the Inspection Team at the time of last measurement. Re-determination of the pollution charge under sub-rules (1) and (2) shall be allowed by the Provincial Agency subject to payment of the prescribed fees by the applicant specified in Schedule V.

Costs of determination of pollution level: The industrial unit shall provide all requisite assistance at the site for the visit of the Inspection Team and shall bear all costs relating to determination of the pollution level, including the prescribed fees specified in Schedule V, and costs of sampling, testing and reporting of results.

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

CHAPTER # 6 Solid waste management

Land filling Incineration

Specifications for land filling:

Wastes subjected to land filling shall be compacted in thin layers using landfill compactors to achieve high density of the wastes Wastes shall be covered immediately or at the end of each working day with minimum 10 cm of soil, inert debris or construction material till such time waste processing facilities for composting or recycling or energy recovery are set up. Prior to the commencement of monsoon season, an intermediate cover of 40-65 cm thickness of soil shall be placed on the landfill with proper compaction and grading to prevent infiltration during monsoon. After completion of landfill, a final cover shall be designed to minimize infiltration and erosion. The final cover shall meet the following specifications ;--

a. The final cover shall have a barrier soil layer comprising of 60 cms of clay or amended soil with permeability coefficient less that 1 x 10-7 cm/sec. b. On top of the barrier soil layer there shall be a drainage layer of 15 cm. c. On top of the drainage layer there shall be a vegetative layer of 45 cm to support natural plant growth and to minimize erosion. Water Quality Monitoring: Before establishing any landfill site, baseline data of ground water quality in the area shall be collected and kept in record for future reference. The ground water quality within 50 metres of the periphery of landfill site shall be periodically monitored to ensure that the ground water is not contaminated beyond acceptable limit as decided by the concerned Federal/Provincial Environmental Protection Agency.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: Installation of landfill gas control system including gas collection system shall be made at landfill site to minimize odour generation, prevent off-site migration of gases and to protect vegetation planted on the rehabilitated landfill surface. The concentration of methane gas generated at landfill site shall not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL).
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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan Ambient air quality at the landfill site and at the vicinity shall be monitored to meet the NEQS specified standards

Incineration Guidelines:
The Incineration Guidelines identify and explain issues that should be addressed for setting up incineration facility for healthcare infectious waste, narcotics and hazardous industrial waste. It is important to focus on key issues for specific proposals.The matters identified in these guidelines should provide guidance, for setting up an incineration facility. It is recognized that there are five stages in the process of developing incineration facility and following factors should be considered at each of these stages: The need to put up an incineration facility Selection of an incinerator Installation, commissioning and operation of an incineration facility Monitoring and reporting of incineration facility Disposal of ash

Other National Laws and Legislations:

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

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Conformity Requirements for an Operator in Pakistan

REFENCES:

A report on EIA by Irfan-ul-Haq & Imran-ul-Haq from nespak Environmental Awareness knowledge and parameters of Environmental impact assessment (EIA) And Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) by Dr. Amjad Ali Khan Deputy Director (EIA) EPA-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa www.nec.com.pk/EnvironmentalImpactAssessment.aspx www.pec.org.pk/sCourse_files/eia/Module-2.pdf www.environment.gov.pk

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