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Transmission Line Input Impedance.doc

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Note also for this case ( the electrically short transmission line), the voltage and current at each end of the transmission line are approximately the same!

V (z = ) V (z = 0)

and

I(z = ) I (z = 0) if

If , our wire behaves exactly as it did in EECS 211 !

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

1/29/2009

Example Input Impedance.doc

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Example: Input Impedance

Consider the following circuit:

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

j 3

Z 0 = 1.5
=

Z 0 = 2.0
=

ZL =
1+ j2

If we ignored our new -wave knowledge, we might erroneously conclude that the input impedance of this circuit is:

Zin
Therefore:

ZL =

j 3

1+ j2

Zin =

j 3 + 2 + 1 + j 2

j 3 (2 + 1 + j 2 )

6 j9 = 2.7 j 2.1 3 j

Of course, this is not the correct answer! We must use our transmission line theory to determine an accurate value. Define Z1 as the input impedance of the last section:

Z1

Z 0 = 2.0
=

ZL =
1+ j2

8
Dept. of EECS

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

1/29/2009

Example Input Impedance.doc

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we find that Z1 is :

Z1 = Z 0

Z L cos + j Z 0 sin + Z cos j Z sin L 0

(1 + j 2) cos + j 2 sin 4 4 = 2 2 cos + j (1 + j 2) sin 4 4 1+ j 4 = 2 j =8 j2

( )

( )

( ) ( )

Therefore, our circuit now becomes:

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

j 3

Z 0 = 1.5
=

Z1 = 8 j 2

Note the resistor is in series with impedance Z1. We can combine these two into one impedance defined as Z2:

Z 2 = 2 + Z 1 = 2 + (8 j 2) = 10 j 2

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

j 3

Z 0 = 1.5
=

Z 2 = 10 j 2

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

1/29/2009

Example Input Impedance.doc

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Now lets define the input impedance of the middle transmission line section as Z3:

Z3

Z 0 = 1.5
=

Z 2 = 10 j 2

Note that this transmission line is a quarter wavelength ( = ). This is one of the special cases we considered earlier! 4 The input impedance Z3 is:

Z 02 Z3 = ZL Z 02 = Z2
1.52 = 10 j 2 = 0.21 + j 0.043

Thus, we can further simplify the original circuit as:

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

j 3

Z 3 = 0.21 + j 0.043

Now we find that the impedance Z3 is parallel to the capacitor. We can combine the two impedances and define the result as impedance Z4:
Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS

1/29/2009

Example Input Impedance.doc

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Z 4 = j 3 (0.21 + j 0.043)
= j 3(0.21 + j 0.043) j 3 + 0.21 + j 0.043

= 0.22 + j 0.028

Now we are left with this equivalent circuit:

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

Z 4 = 0.22 + j 0.028

Note that the remaining transmission line section is a half wavelength! This is one of the special situations we discussed in a previous handout. Recall that the input impedance in this case is simply equal to the load impedance:

Zin = Z L = Z 4 = 0.22 + j 0.028

Whew! We are finally done. The input impedance of the original circuit is:
Z in = 0.22 + j 0.028

Zin

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

1/29/2009

Example Input Impedance.doc

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Note this means that this circuit:

0.22
Z in =
0.22 + j 0.028

j 0.028

and this circuit: 2

ZL =
1+ j2

Z in =
0.22 + j 0.028

Z0 = 1
=

j 3

Z 0 = 1.5
=

Z 0 = 2.0
=

are precisely the same! They have exactly the same impedance, and thus they behave precisely the same way in any circuit (but only at frequency 0 !).

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS