PQI-DA Operating Manual

Edition 01
Version Nov. 2009

Software - Version:
Operating Manual
PQI-DA
Power Quality Interface
& Disturbance Recorder
GB
PQI-DA Operating Manual 1
PQI-DA
Tel.: +49 (0) 911 / 62 81 08 0
Fax: +49 (0) 911 / 62 81 08 96
E-mail: info@a-eberle.de
Internet: www.a-eberle.de
PQI-DA
Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder
Operating Manual
Version: October 2009
Copyright 2003 by A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG
Published by
A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG
Aalener Strae 30/32
90441 Nuremberg
Germany
The company A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG cannot be held liable for any damages
or losses resulting from printing errors or changes in this operating manual.
Furthermore, A. Eberle GmbH&Co. KG does not assume responsibility for any
damages and losses resulting from faulty devices or from devices altered by
the user.
PQI-DA
PQI-DA Operating Manual
2
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Information: ................................................................................................................... 7
1. Technical Concept ................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Application ..................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Features of the Power-Quality-Interface & Disturbance Recorder .................. 10
1.3 Description ................................................................................................... 10
2. Application ............................................................................................................ 11
2.1 PQI-DA as a Recorder (Fault Recorder) ......................................................... 11
2.1.1 Recorder A ..............................................................................................................11
2.1.2 Recorder B ..............................................................................................................12
2.1.3 Recorder C ..............................................................................................................14
2.1.4 Events .....................................................................................................................15
2.2 PQI-DA as System Component .................................................................... 16
3. Technical Data ...................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Standards ..................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Voltage inputs ............................................................................................... 17
3.3 Current inputs ............................................................................................... 18
3.4 Binary inputs (BI) ........................................................................................... 18
3.5 Binary outputs (BO) ...................................................................................... 19
3.6 Limit value monitoring ................................................................................... 19
3.7 Measurement quantities ............................................................................... 19
3.8 Reference conditions .................................................................................... 20
3.9 Measurement data acquisition ...................................................................... 20
3.10 Storage of measured values ......................................................................... 20
3.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility ....................................................................... 21
3.12 Electrical safety ............................................................................................. 21
3.13 Operating voltages ....................................................................................... 22
3.14 Power supply ............................................................................................... 22
3.15 Environmental conditions .............................................................................. 22
3.16 Data storage ................................................................................................. 23
4. Mechanical Design ............................................................................................... 23
4.1 Housing ........................................................................................................ 23
4.1.1 PQI-DA 4U / 4I .........................................................................................................24
4.1.2 PQI-DA 8U ...............................................................................................................25
4.1.3 PQI-DA 4U/4I und 8U ............................................................................................26

PQI-DA
5. Serial interfaces .................................................................................................... 28
5.1 RS232 interfaces .......................................................................................... 28
5.2 TCP/IP ......................................................................................................... 28
5.3 RS485 Interfaces .......................................................................................... 28
5.4 E-LAN (Energy - Local Area Network) ........................................................... 29
5.4.1 Features ...................................................................................................................29
5.4.2 Conguration Information .........................................................................................29
5.5 Time Synchronisation and Measurement Trigger ........................................... 32
5.5.1 Measurement trigger ................................................................................................33
5.6 Parameterisation ........................................................................................... 34
5.6.1 Parameterising the Device ........................................................................................34
5.6.1.1 Transformer conguration ........................................................................................ 34
5.6.1.2 Measurement range ................................................................................................ 34
5.6.1.3 Network frequency .................................................................................................. 35
5.6.1.4 System time ............................................................................................................ 35
5.6.1.5 Denition of measurement channels for interval data andevent-triggered measurement
data ......................................................................................................................... 35
5.6.1.6 Conguration of the recording of the measurement data .......................................... 35
5.7 Hardware-orientated device versions ............................................................ 35
5.8 Application Examples (a selection) ................................................................ 36
5.9 Block diagram PQI-DA 4 U/4 I ...................................................................... 37
5.10 Block diagram PQI-DA 8xU ......................................................................... 37
6. Characteristics of the Voltage Supply ................................................................... 38
6.1. Limit Values Specied in EN 50160 ............................................................... 38
7. Measurement Circuits ........................................................................................... 40
7.1 Connection Possibilities ................................................................................ 41
7.2 Current Transformer Connections ................................................................. 42
7.2.1 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection .................................................................43
7.2.2 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection .................................................................44
7.3 Voltage Transformer Connections ................................................................. 44
7.3.1 PQI-DA Voltage Transformer Connection..................................................................45
8. Management of Process Data within the Device .................................................. 46
8.1 Classication of the Data .............................................................................. 46
8.2 Monitoring the Voltage Quality and Managing the Process Data .................... 47
8.2.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................47
8.2.2 Terminology .............................................................................................................47
8.2.3 Measurement Data Classes .....................................................................................49
8.3 Events .......................................................................................................... 49
8.3.1 Start / Stop Events...................................................................................................50
8.3.2 Interval Events..........................................................................................................50
8.3.3 Linking Events ..........................................................................................................51
PQI-DA
4
8.4 Relative Frequency ....................................................................................... 51
8.4.1 Displaying the Week and Year Values .......................................................................51
8.5 Availability ..................................................................................................... 52
8.6 Adherence to the Specied Supply Voltage Range ....................................... 52
8.7 Asymmetry ................................................................................................... 54
8.8 Harmonics .................................................................................................... 54
8.9 Flicker ........................................................................................................... 54
8.10 Frequency, Narrow Range ............................................................................ 55
8.11 Frequency, Wide Range ................................................................................ 55
8.12 Controls for Recording Measurement Data ................................................... 56
8.13 Interval Status Word ..................................................................................... 56
8.14 Controls for the Event Evaluation .................................................................. 57
8.15 Event Filtering ............................................................................................... 57
8.16 Suppressing Interval Events .......................................................................... 58
8.17 Triggering of Fault Recorders A and B ........................................................... 58
8.18 Triggering of Fault Recorders A, B and C ...................................................... 58
8.19 Parameterising the Fault Record ................................................................... 59
8.19.1 Fault Record Sequences ..........................................................................................59
8.20 Background Memory Recorders A and B ..................................................... 59
8.21 Supply Quality Signals .................................................................................. 60
8.22 Parameterising the Signal Output.................................................................. 61
8.23 Signal Output Operating Modes.................................................................... 61
9. Denition of the Measurement Quantities ............................................................ 62
9.1 Sampling, Synchronisation ........................................................................... 63
9.2. Primary Sampling Values .............................................................................. 64
9.2.1 Deduced Sampling Values .......................................................................................64
9.2.1.1 External conductor voltages .................................................................................... 64
9.2.1.2 Neutral earth voltage ............................................................................................... 64
9.2.1.3 Phase voltages towards the virtual phase point ....................................................... 64
9.2.1.4 Outer conductor to earth voltages ........................................................................... 64
9.2.1.5 Outer conductor to phase point voltages ................................................................. 65
9.2.1.6 Linked conductor currents in a three-phase system ................................................. 65
9.2.1.7 Sum current, neutral conductor current ................................................................... 65
9.2.1.8 Active power of the phase ....................................................................................... 65
9.2.2 R.M.S. Voltage Values ..............................................................................................66
9.2.2.1 Half-period r.m.s. voltage values .............................................................................. 66
9.2.2.2 10/12-period r.m.s. voltage values ........................................................................... 67
9.2.2.3 150/180-period r.m.s voltage values ........................................................................ 67
9.2.3 R.M.S. Current Values ..............................................................................................68
9.2.3.1 10/12-period r.m.s. current values ........................................................................... 68
9.2.2.4 10-minute r.m.s. voltage values ............................................................................... 68
9.2.2.5 2-hour r.m.s. voltage values ..................................................................................... 68
9.2.3.2 150/180-period r.m.s. current values ....................................................................... 69
9.2.3.3 10-minute r.m.s. current values................................................................................ 69
9.2.3.4 2-hour r.m.s. current values ..................................................................................... 69
9.2.4 Linear Average Values ..............................................................................................70

PQI-DA
9.2.4.1 10/12-period average values ................................................................................... 70
9.2.4.2 150/180-period average values ............................................................................... 70
9.2.4.3 10-minute average values ........................................................................................ 70
9.2.4.4 2-hour average values ............................................................................................. 71
9.2.5 Network Frequency ..................................................................................................71
9.2.6 Spectral Analysis ......................................................................................................71
9.2.6.1 Complex harmonics ................................................................................................ 72
9.2.6.2 Phase difference between the reference voltge and the measurementvoltage (basic
frequency) ............................................................................................................... 73
9.2.6.3 Direction of the power ow of the harmonics ........................................................... 74
9.2.6.4 R.m.s. values of the harmonics ................................................................................ 74
9.2.6.5 R.m.s. values of the interharmonics ......................................................................... 74
9.2.6.6 R.m.s. values of all the harmonics ........................................................................... 74
9.2.6.7 Total Harmonic Distortion THD................................................................................. 75
9.2.6.8 Phase difference between the voltage and the current(basic frequency) ................... 75
9.2.6.9 Direction of the rotating eld .................................................................................... 76
9.2.7 Active Powers ..........................................................................................................77
9.2.8 Active Energies ........................................................................................................78
9.2.9 Reactive Energies ....................................................................................................78
9.2.10 Interval Average Values of the Active Powers ...........................................................79
9.2.11 Average Value of the Conductor Currents with the Sign of the Active Power of the Net-
work ........................................................................................................................80
9.2.12 Apparent Powers .....................................................................................................80
9.2.13 Reactive Powers ......................................................................................................81
9.2.14 Active Factors ..........................................................................................................81
9.2.15 Reactive Factors ......................................................................................................81
9.2.16 Active Factor Display Function .................................................................................82
9.2.17 Flicker Magnitude .....................................................................................................82
9.2.18 Asymmetrical Voltage ...............................................................................................82
10. Commissioning ..................................................................................................... 83
10.1 Safety Information ......................................................................................... 83
10.2 Procedure ..................................................................................................... 83
11. Applications .......................................................................................................... 84
11.1 Application-Specic Programming ................................................................ 84
12. Updating the Firmware ......................................................................................... 84
13. Scope of Delivery .................................................................................................. 85
14. Storage Information .............................................................................................. 85
15. Guarantee ............................................................................................................. 85
16. Ordering Information ............................................................................................. 86
PQI-DA
6
Information:
Please note that the following operating manual cannot describe the latest
version of the device in all cases. For example, if you download a more recent
version of the rmware from the internet, the following description is no longer
accurate in every point.
In this case, either contact us directly or refer to the most recent version of the
operating manual available on our website (www.a-eberle.de).

PQI-DA
1. Technical Concept
1.1 Application
The Power Quality-Interface for low-, medium- and high-voltage networks PQI-DA
is the central component of a system, which executes all the measurement tasks
in electrical networks.
The PQI-DA can be used both as Power Quality-Interface according DIN EN 50160
and as measuring device for all physically dened measured variables in three-
phase systems.
The unit is mainly adapted for monitoring and recording certain supply qualities
or quality objectives between utility and customer and, furthermore to provide the
data for evaluation and storage.
Modern voltage-quality measurement devices operate according to IEC 61000-4-30.
This standard denes measuring methods in order to establish a comparable basis
for the user.
Devices from different manufacturers, operating according to this standard, have
to provide approximately the same measurement results.
The standard distinguishes between two classes of measurement devices.
Class A measurement devices are mainly used for contractual measurements in
customer-supplier relations, whereas class B measurement devices can be used
to determine statistical quality values. For measurements according to EN50160
a class B device is sufcient.
For the following parameters PQI-DA fullls the requirements of IEC 61000-4-30
for class A devices.
Parameter Class
Accuracy of voltage measurement A
Determination of time intervals A
Marking of measured values at events A
Harmonics, interharmonics A
Frequency A
Voltage asymmetry A
Event recording A
Time synchronization A (with DCF77 or GPS)
In addition, three different fault recorders can be used.
The oscilloscope recorder collects fault records consisting of 100 s-sampling
values whose length (pre-event and post-event history) is freely selectable.
The r.m.s. recorder collects fault records consisting of r.m.s. values of half-period
values (10ms). The length of the fault record (pre-event and post-event history) is
also freely selectable.
PQI-DA
8
When exceeding a limiting value (harmonic or THD of a voltage), the harmonic
recorder registers the corresponding spectrum of all harmonics from 2
nd
to 50
th
harmonic.
All fault records are triggered by a freely denable event. Phase-phase and phase-
earth events can be recorded simultaneously.
The signal-voltage-recorder registers a freely adjustable frequency (e.g. ripple
control frequency) over a period that can be selected.
Limit violations can be signalled via relays, if required.
On the input-side (U, I) the interface is available in different hardware-versions.
Current inputs are available for the measuring circuit (C20, C30) and for the pro-
tection circuit (C21, C31).
The following input characteristics can be selected:
4 voltage transformers for common power-quality applications (code C00)
8 voltage transformers for power-quality applications in double-busbar systems
(code C10)
4 voltage transformers and 4 current transformers for power quality and general
measuring tasks (code C20, C21, C30, C31)
Theoretically, up to 255 devices can be interlinked via the system bus (E-LAN).
Even connections to devices of the voltage regulator system REGSys, the Pe-
terson-coil controller REG-DP, the earthfault detection system EORSys and the
collapse prediction system CPSys are possible.
Each device offers two RS 232 interfaces (COM1 and COM2) and two E-LAN
(Energy Local Area Network) interfaces.
Optional the PQI-DA can be equipped with an integrated TCP/IP-interface. In this
case COM 2 is not available.
Possible rmware-updates can be easily made via a pushbutton, prevented against
unintentional touch.

PQI-DA
RS232
RS232
COM 1
COM 2 / RJ 45 (TCP / IP)
U1
U2
U3
UNE
DSP*
P
LCD
LEDs
RAM
ROM
CLOCK
E-LAN-L
E-LAN-R
Binary inputs (BI)
Binary outputs (BO)
DCF 77
Trigger input
E-LAN
I1 (U1)
I2 (U2)
I3 (U3)
I0 (U4)
* DSP : digital signal processor
1.2 Features of the Power-Quality-Interface & Disturbance Recorder
PQI-DA
Recording of the voltage quality according to DIN EN 50160
Class A device according to IEC 61000-4-30
Sampling frequency 10,24 kHz
Fault recording function up to 20 x In
Phase-phase and phase-earth measurements are possible simultaneously
Voltage measurement channels for U
12
, U
23
, U
31
, U
NE
Measurement of currents I
1
, I
2
, I
3
, I
0
Acquisition of more than 3000 measured values
Freely programmable limiting values and output via insulated contacts.
Freely programmable binary inputs to start or stop measurements
Data analysis via WinPQ software, using a mySQL-supported database
Version with integrated TCP/IP-interface available
Connection to SCADA according IEC 870-5-101
Connection to SCADA according IEC 61850 in preparation
Function of Power Quality-Interfaces
1.3 Description
PQI-DA
10
2. Application
2.1 PQI-DA as a Recorder (Fault Recorder)
Fault records are stored in the recorders A, B and C each time a fault occurs.
Trigger condition is either the falling below or exceeding a voltage limit or an exter-
nal trigger signal. When the system is triggered, the pre-event and the post-event
history of the voltage and current shape is recorded. You can choose between
three different recorders.
2.1.1 Recorder A
Recorder A stores fault records of the events before and after the fault occurs using,
for example, 2048 sampling values for each of the 8 measurement channels (1024
before, 1024 after). The measurement value acquired in each channel is dependent
on the conguration of the transformer and the version of the device.
Recorder A
8 voltages are sampled if 8 voltage inputs are used. If the measurement task
requires four voltage inputs and four current inputs, then four voltages and four
currents are measured accordingly.
8 simultaneously sampled momentary values are available every 100 s, based
on a sampling frequency of 10.24 kHz. These can be used to reconstruct a
ngerprint of a particular event.
The number of events, the total recording time and the position of the trigger point
within the time slice can all be individually specied.

PQI-DA
The selection of the trigger point species how many periods (seconds) of infor-
mation before the fault and how many periods of information after the fault should
be recorded per event.
Example: The total length of the record is specied as 2000 sampling points
(approximately 200 ms). This represents 10 periods for a network frequency of
50 Hz. If the pre-trigger is set to 1000, the information before the event and the
information after the event are both 5 periods, or 100 ms, long.
The total number of permissible trigger events must be chosen carefully since
records stored with recorder A require a very large amount of memory.
If the specied number of events is exceeded, either the oldest events will be
overwritten or no further records will be stored.
The desired behaviour can be chosen using Win PQ.
The trigger conditions which cause recorder A to be used can also be freely spe-
cied, i.e. they are not constrained to the limit values specied in EN 50160.
The trigger condition is created by linking selected events together with OR con-
ditions.
The record shows the single-pole earth fault, which changes to a 2-pole earth
fault a short time later.
This could be caused by the events described in the following account.
A mistake occurred in the cable duct: a hydraulic cutter was used to cut a cable
which was still connected to a voltage supply instead of one that was discon-
nected.
As the edge of the blade touched the rst phase, it caused a single-pole earth
fault and an increase in the neutral earth voltage. A short time later, two phases
were short-circuited by the blade (phase-phase fault).
The subsequent progress of the fault process is explained in conjunction with
recorder B.
2.1.2 Recorder B
Recorder B stores fault records for the 1/2-period r.m.s. (root mean square) values
of phase and delta voltages. A record consists of a speciable number of 1/2-
period r.m.s. values. Thus 10-ms values are recorded if the operating frequency
is 50 Hz.
ditions.
The number of events, the total recording time and the position of the trigger point
within the time slice can all be individually specied.
PQI-DA
12
The selection of the trigger point species how many half-period values (10-ms
values) should be recorded before and after the fault per event.
Recorder B
Example:
The total length of the record is specied as 500 10-ms values (approximately 5 s).
If the pre-trigger is set to 250, the information before the event and the information
after the event are both approximately 2.5 s long.
The total number of permissible trigger events must be chosen carefully. Records
stored with recorder B require a large amount of memory.
If the specied number of events is exceeded, either the oldest events will be
overwritten or no further records will be stored.
The desired behaviour can be selected using Win PQ.
The trigger conditions which cause recorder B to be used can be freely specied,
i.e. they are not constrained to the limit values specied in EN 50160.
The record (see page 13) shows the fault illustrated on page 10 with a reduced
resolution (10-ms r.m.s. value).
Due to the resolution it is no longer possible to recognise the path to the fault, i.e.
the route from a single-pole to a 2-pole fault. However, one can see the effect of
the overcurrent relay which disconnected the faulty cable from the busbar after
approximately 400 ms.

PQI-DA
Rec A
Rec B
Rec C
2. 3. 5. 7. 9. 11. 40.
t
0-1
t
0
t
0-1
t
0
TRMS
Event
Input signal
After the event Befor the event
10-minute average values
of the harmonics
LV
After the event Befor the event
T.R.M.S. = True Root Mean Square value, LV = limit value
2.1.3 Recorder C
Recorder C stores the corresponding harmonic spectrum (10-minute harmonic
values) of a voltage if a harmonic limit or the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion,
10-minute value) of the voltage is exceeded.
ditions.
Recorder C
The comparison shows the three recorders A, B and C again as they are triggered
by a dip in the voltage between time t
0-1
and time t
0
.
PQI-DA
14
After the zero point (t
0
), recorders A and B store information regarding the time
period before and after the event, whereas recorder C only stores the 10-minute
harmonics values of the information before the event.
2.1.4 Events
By denition, an event occurs every time a measurement quantity exceeds the
threshold value specied in EN 50160 or any other predened value
Each event is stored in the event memory along with the start and stop time.
Events which permanently exceed the threshold value are re-triggered at the end
of every 10-minute or 2-hour interval.
On the other hand, events which permanently exceed the threshold value are not
re-triggered at the end of every 10-ms interval or at the end of 1/2, 10, 12, 150
or 180-period values.
In these cases, only a stop event is recorded when the threshold value is no longer
exceeded.
To create time sums in these cases, the duration of the event is calculated from
the difference between the start and the stop time of the event, and is then stored
in the event memory.

PQI-DA
2.2 PQI-DA as System Component
The PQI-DA can be connected to all devices in the XXX-DX series (REG-D, REG-DA,
REG-DM, PAN-D, REG-DP, MMU-D, EOR-D etc.) from A. Eberle GmbH&Co KG
to create a measurement-, registration- and/or control-system.
The individual devices are connected to each other via the E-LAN system bus, and
up to 255 different devices can communicate with each other via one E-LAN.
If multiple transformers feed energy into a network in a transformer station and
each is equipped with a PQI-DA, the partial power of the individual transformers
can also be measured by the corresponding PQI-DAs. They transmit the partial
power to a particular PQI-DA via E-LAN, which then outputs the total power using
a virtual measurement channel.
Furthermore, freely programmable binary inputs can be linked with measurement
values or limit values, and also output as a binary signal.
PQI-DA
16
3. Technical Data
3.1 Standards
IEC 61010-1 / DIN EN 61010-1
IEC 60255-4 / DIN EN 60255-4
IEC 61326-1 / DIN EN 61326-1
IEC 60529 / DIN EN 60529
IEC 60068-1 / DIN EN 60068-1
IEC 60688 / DIN EN 60688
IEC 61000-6-2 / DIN EN 61000-6-2
IEC 61000-6-4 / DIN EN 61000-6-4
3.2 Voltage inputs
Option*) E1 E2
Un 100V 230V
Full scale range
(FSR),sinus
200V 460V
Impedance 360 k 810 k
Fundamental magnitude
error limit
0.1% of U
din
over 10% ~ 150% of U
din
Fundamental phase error limit 0.15
over 50% ~ 150% of U
din
Bandwidth DC3kHz
Harmonics 2
nd
..50
th
error limit
5% of reading over U
m
= 1% ~ 16% of U
din
0.05% of U
din
over U
m
< 1% of U
din
Interharmonics 2
nd
..49
th
error limit
5% of reading over U
m
= 1% ~ 16% of U
din
0.05% of U
din
over U
m
< 1% of U
din
Insulation CAT III / 300V

PQI-DA
3.3 Current inputs
Option*) C20 C21 C30 C31
In 1A 5A
Full scale range (FSR)
sinus
0 < I 2A 0 < I 20A 0 < I 10A 0 < I 100A
Load (In) < 0.1 VA < 0.5 VA
Fundamental magnitude
error limit
0.1% of FSR
over FSR
0.2% of FSR
over FSR
Fundamental phase
error limit
0.15 over
10% ~ 100%
of FSR
0.15 over
5% ~ 50%
of FSR
0.15 over
10% ~ 100%
of FSR
1.0 over
5% ~ 10%
of FSR
Bandwidth 25Hz3kHz
Harmonics 2
nd
...50
th
error limit
5% of reading over I
m
= 1% ~ 16% of In
0.05% of In over I
m
< 1% of I
n
10% of reading
over
I
m
= 1% ~ 16%
of In 0.1%
of In over
I
m
< 1% of In
Interharmonics 2
nd
...49
th
error limit
5% of reading over I
m
= 1% ~ 16% of In
0.05% of In over I
m
< 1% of In
10% of reading
over
I
m
= 1% ~ 16%
of In 0.1%
of In over
I
m
< 1% of In
Overload capacity
Continuous
10s
1s
5ms
5A
10A
30A
100A
10A
30A
100A
500A
Insulation CAT III / 300V
*) Note:
Codes e.g. E1, E2, C20, C31; see characteristics on page 87
3.4 Binary inputs (BI)
Control signals Ust In the range
48 V ... 230 V AC/DC
Waveform Rectangular, sinusoidal
H Level 35 V
L Level < 20 V
Signal frequency up to 60 Hz DC
Switching delay Selectable from 1...999 s
Input resistance 108 k
Electrical isolation Optocoupler; always two earthed
PQI-DA
18
3.5 Binary outputs (BO)
Max. switching frequency 1 Hz
Electrical isolation isolated from all internally potentials
Type of relay Changeover contact Status,
R2, R3 Galvanically isolated from each other
R4, R5 Earthed
Contact load AC: 250 V, 5 A (cos = 1.0)
AC: 250 V, 3 A (cos = 0.4)
DC: 220 V, 150 W
switching capacity
No. of switching operations 1.10
4
electrical
LED display
Operation Green
Error Red
3.6 Limit value monitoring
Limit values Programmable
Response times Programmable
3.7 Measurement quantities
(selection from over 3000 measurement quantities)
TRMS voltages U
1N
, U
2N
, U
3N
, U
NE
, U
12
, U
23
, U
31
TRMS current I
1
, I
2
, I
3
, I
0
Active power P
Reactive power Q
Apparent power S
Power factors cos
Harmonic subgroups U/I up to the 50
th
Interharmonic subgroups U/I up to the 49
th

Frequency f
Flicker Pst, Plt
Dips, Swells, Interruptions
Voltage unbalance
Mains signalling voltages

PQI-DA
Aggregation intervals:
-cycle
10/12-cycle (fnom = 50/60Hz)
150/180-cycle (fnom = 50/60Hz)
5 / 6 / 6.67 / 7.5 / 10 / 12 / 15 / 20 / 30 min
2 h
Error limits:
Frequency: 5mHz over f
nom
15% (f
nom
= 50Hz/60Hz)
Flicker, Pst,Plt: 5% of reading over 0.02% ~ 20% of U/U
Dip residual voltage: 0.2% of U
din
over 10% ~ 100% of U
din
Dip duration: 20ms over 10% ~ 100% of U
din

Swell residual voltage: 0.2% of U
din
over 100% ~ 150% of U
din
Swell duration: 20ms over 100% ~ 150% of U
din
Interruption duration: 20ms over 1% ~ 100% of U
din
Voltage unbalance: 0.15% over 1% ~ 5% of reading
Mains signalling voltage: 5% of reading over U
m
= 3% ~ 15% of U
din

0.15% of U
din
over U
m
= 1% ~ 3% of U
din
3.8 Reference conditions
Reference temperature 23C 1 K
Input parameters U = Un 1%
I = In 1%
Auxiliary voltage H = H
n
1%
Frequency = f
nom
1%
Other IEC 60688 - Part 1
3.9 Measurement data acquisition
Sampling rate: 10240 Hz
ADC resolution: 24bit
Anti-Aliasing-Filters: Analog filter : 3
rd
order Butterworth filter
Digital lter : sinc
5
decimation lter (ADC)
Nominal frequency: f
nom
= 50Hz, 60Hz
Frequency measuring range: f
nom
15%
3.10 Storage of measured values
Permanent 4 MB
Volatile 48 MB
PQI-DA
20
3.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility
CE conformity
- Electromagnetic Immunity
EN 61326
EN 61000-6-2
- Emitted interference
EN 61326
EN 61000-6-4
ESD
IEC 61000-4-2 8 kV / 16 kV
IEC 60 255-22-2
Electromagnetic elds
IEC 61000-4-3 10 V/m
IEC 60 255-22-3
Burst
IEC 61000-4-4 4 kV / 2 kV
IEC 60 255-22-4
Surge 1 MHz burst
IEC 61000-4-5 4 kV / 2 kV
IEC 61000-4-12 2.5 kV, class III
IEC 60 255-22-1
Conducted high frequency magnetic elds
IEC 61000-4-6 10 V, 150 kHz ... 80 MHz
IEC 61000-4-8 100 A/m continuous
All positions 1000 A/m 1 s
Voltage dips
IEC 61000-4-11 30 % 0.02s, 60 % 1 s
Emitted interference
EN 61326
EN 61000-6-4
- Housing
At a distance of 10 m 30 ... 230 MHz, 40 dB
230 ... 1000 MHz, 47 dB
- AC supply connection
At a distance of 10 m 0.15 ... 0.5 MHz, 79 dB
0.5 ... 5 MHz, 73 dB
5 ... 30 MHz, 73 dB
3.12 Electrical safety
Degree of protection I
Degree of pollution 2
Measuring category CAT III / 300 V
Optional CAT III / 500 V

PQI-DA
3.13 Operating voltages
50 V 230 V
E-LAN,
COM-Server,
COM1 ... COM2
Time- /
Trigger- BUS
Auxiliary voltage
Binary inputs
Relay outputs
3.14 Power supply
Feature H0 H1
AC (internal) - -
AC 85 264 V -
DC 88 280 V 18 72 V
Power
consumption
15 VA 15 Watt
Frequency 45 400 mA -
Miniature fuse T2 250 V T2 250 V
The following applies to all features:
Voltage interruptions 80 ms do not cause a fault or loss of data.
3.15 Environmental conditions
Temperature range
Function -15 ... +55C
Transport und storage -25 ... +65C
Humidity
No condensation
on 30 days/year 95 % rel.
Dry, cold
IEC 60068-2-1 -15C / 16 h
Dry, hot
IEC 60068-2-2 +55C / 16 h
Constant humid heat
IEC 60068-2-3 + 40 C/93 % / 2 days
Cyclical humid heat
IEC 60068-2-30 12+12h, 6 cycles, +55C/93%
Toppling
IEC 60068-2-31 100 mm drop, unwrapped
Vibration
IEC 60255-21-1 Class 1
Impact
IEC 60255-21-2 Class 1
PQI-DA
22
4. Mechanical Design
4.1 Housing
The Power Quality-Interface PQI-DA is kept in a rugged stainless steel case.
All connections are accessible via Phoenix terminals. The connections are made
in plug-in/clamping technology, except the current and voltage inputs.
If the option COM-Server (code T1) is selected, a RJ 45-connection is available.
The PQI-DA is applicable both as wall mountable as well as DIN rail mountable
housing.
Material stainless steel
Degree of protection
Housing IP 40
Terminals IP 20
Mass 2 kg
Dimensions see g. below
Connection elements Screw terminals
3.16 Data storage
Device settings Serial EEPROM with
1000 k read/write cycles
RAM data Li battery laser-welded
132.05
204
216
8
0
1
4
7
.
2
www.a-eber|e.de
PQI-DA
SERVICE
FAULT
RESET

Dimensions

PQI-DA
4 6 1 3 7 9 10 12
I
3
k
I
2
k
I
1
k
I
3
l
I
2
l
I
1
l
I
4
k
I
4
l
x3
U

L
(
+
)
H
U

L
(
-
)
H
14 15
x1
2 5 8 11 13
U
1
U
2
U
3
x2
U
4
G
N
D
PE 1415
x1 x3
1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12
303132 3334 35 x7 5960 6162 63 x8 36 3738 3940 4142 43 4445 x9
1617181920212223 2425262728 29 x5 46 47 48 49 50 5152 53 54 5556 57 58 x6
x2
2 5 8 11 13
Terminal
block no.
Description Function
Terminal
no.
x1 Auxiliary voltage U
H
L (+) 14
L (-) 15
x2
Phase voltage L1 (AC) U
1
L1 2
Phase voltage L2 U
2
L2 5
Phase voltage L3 U
3
L3 8
Neutral voltage U
4
N 11
Ground GND E 13
x3
Phase Current L1 I1
k 1
l 3
Phase Current L2 I2
k 4
l 6
Phase Current L3 I3
k 7
l 9
Neutral-current I4
k 10
l 12
Assignment of the terminal blocks x1 x3
4.1.1 PQI-DA 4U / 4I
PQI-DA
24
303132 3334 35 x7 5960 6162 63 x8 36 3738 3940 4142 43 4445 x9
46 47 48 49 50 5152 53 54 5556 57 58 x6 1617181920212223 2425262728 29 x5
2.1 5.1 8.1 11.1
x2 / line 1
2.2 5.2 8.2 11.2
x2 / line 2
14 15
x1
PE GND
U

L
(
+
)
H
U

L
(
-
)
H
14 15
x1
2
.
2
5
.
2
8
.
2
1
1
.
2
G
N
D
2
.
1
5
.
1
8
.
1
1
1
.
1
1
3
U
1
U
2
U
3
x2
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
U
4
Terminal
block no.
Terminal
no.
x1 Auxiliary voltage U
H
L (+) 14
L (-) 15
x2
line 1
Phase voltage U
1
L1 2.1
Phase voltage U
2
L2 5.1
Phase voltage U
3
L3 8.1
Neutral voltage U
4
N 11.1
x2
line 2
Phase voltage U
1
L1 2.2
Phase voltage U
2
L2 5.2
Phase voltage U
3
L3 8.2
Neutral voltage U
4
N 11.2
Ground GND E 13
Assignment of terminal blocks x1 x2
4.1.2 PQI-DA 8U

PQI-DA
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
R5
Binary outputs 230 V Status
R2 R3 R4
16 19 22 25 17 20 23 26 28 18 21 24 27 29
x5
R1
Binary inputs 230 V
+ - + + + - - -
E1 E2 E3 E4
30 31 32 33 34 35
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
x7
E-LAN
R
E-LAN
L
41 40 42 39 43 38 44 37 45 36
E
-
G
N
D
E
+
E
A
+
E
A
-
E
A
-
E
A
+
E
+
G
N
D
E
-
x9
Terminal
block no.
Terminal
no.
x5
Status R1
Pole
NC contact
NO contact
16
17
18
Binary outputs 230 V
R2
Pole
NC contact
NO contact
19
20
21
R3
Pole
NC contact
NO contact
22
23
24
R4
Pole
NC contact
NO contact
27
26
25
R5
Pole
NC contact
NO contact
27
28
29
x7 Binary inputs 230 V
E1 + 30
E2 + 31
E1 / E2 GND 32
E3 + 33
E4 + 34
E3 / E4 GND 35
x9
E-LAN R (right)) E- 36
E+ 37
EA- 38
EA+ 39
GND 40
E-LAN L (left) E- 41
E+ 42
EA- 43
EA+ 44
GND 45
Assignment of terminal blocks x5 x9
4.1.3 PQI-DA 4U/4I und 8U
PQI-DA
26
Trigger
GPS
IRIG-A
IRIG-B
58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46
G
N
D
T
e
r
m
T
x
B
T
x
B
T
x
A
T
e
r
m
T
x
A
R
x
B
T
e
r
m

R
x
A
R
x
A
G
N
D
T
e
r
m

B B A
T
e
r
m
A
x6
(optional)
COM 2
RS232
63 62 61 60 59
T
x
D
R
x
D
G
N
D
R
T
S
C
T
S
x8
Terminal
block no.
Terminal
no.
x6
GPS,
IRIG-A
IRIG-B adapter card
Term A 46
A 47
B 48
Term B 49
GND 50
Trigger RxA 51
Term RxA 52
RxB 53
Term TxA 54
TxA 55
TxB 56
Term TxB 57
GND 58
x8
COM 2
RS 232
CTS 59
RTS 60
GND 61
RxD 62
TxD 63

PQI-DA
5. Serial interfaces
5.1 RS232 interfaces
Each PQI-DA has two RS 232 interfaces referred to as COM 1 and COM 2.
COM 1 can be used as a parameterisation and programming interface via a 9-pole
SUB-D plug.
COM 2 can be wired via a plug-in terminal block.
If option T1 (COM server / TCP/IP) is selected, an RJ 45 connection is available
instead of COM 2.
Connection elements
COM 1 Pin strip, Sub Min D
on the front of the device,
pin assignment as on PC
COM 2 Terminal strip x8
Connection options PC, terminal, modem, PLC
Number of data bits / protocol Parity 8, even, off, odd
Transfer rate bit / s 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200,
38400, 57600, 76800, 115200
Handshake RTS / CTS or X
ON
/ X
OFF
5.2 TCP/IP
The TCP/IP or COM server interface is galvanically isolated from all other electrical
circuits.
Communication via this interface is possible with a baud rate of 100 MBaud.
Parameterisation of the connection (IP address etc.) is carried out using the WinPQ
parameterisation software.
5.3 RS485 Interfaces
Each PQI-DA is equipped with a double E-LAN interface as standard. It pro-
vides the bus connection to PQI-DAs, REG-D voltage regulators, REG-DP
Petersen coil regulators, or an EORSys earth fault locating system.
PQI-DA
28
5.4 E-LAN (Energy - Local Area Network)
5.4.1 Features
255 bus stations can be addressed
Multimaster structure
Integrated repeater function
Open ring, bus or combination of bus and ring possible
Log based on SDLC/HDLC framework
Transfer rates of 62.5 or 125 kbit/s
Telegram length 10 to 30 Bytes
Average throughput approx. 100 telegrams / s
5.4.2 Conguration Information
The E-LAN (Energy- Local- Area- Network)) is a powerful bus which is used to
communicate with all the other bus devices, and which can be operated as either
a 2-wire or a 4-wire bus.
The bus controller can store up to 255 addresses. This means that theoretically
up to 255 A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG devices can be operated by one E-LAN,
and they can all be read and parameterised using a single COM 1 or COM 2
(RS232) interface.
The transfer speed ranges from 15.6 to 375 kBaud.
It is possible to use either a 2-wire and 4-wire line-to-line connection, or to ope-
rate up to 32 devices in parallel using a dedicated 2-wire line like a standard bus
connection.
Mixtures of the two topologies are possible, as is the conversion to other bus
protocols and other physical media (LWL connection, coaxial cable, etc.).
The line-to-line topology has an E-LAN characteristic which is particularly useful
for distributed installed devices.
Two RS485 devices can be separated by up to 1.2 km according to the speci-
cation of the RS485 driver.
However, since all PQI-DA, like all other bus components, is equipped with a double
interface (E-LAN left and E-LAN right), each device acts as a repeater, meaning
the distance to be bridged can be increased by a further 1.2 km.
Figure 14 shows a conguration in which four PQI-DAs, with addresses <A> to
<D>, are operating on a dedicated 2-wire line using the standard bus technology.
The distance between these four devices may not exceed 1.2 km.
A second bus line is opened from address <B>. In this example, it leads to two
bus stations a REG-D voltage regulator (address <E>) and a Peterson coil re-
gulator (address <F>).

PQI-DA
In this example, an EOR-D is connected to the right hand E-LAN interface of the
PQI-DA with address <D> using a 4-wire connection.
The question Which device should be connected to the right interface, and which
to the left interface? is easily answered: both are acceptable. The system can
detect which sort of device is connected to which interface (left or right) and enters
the corresponding bus station (address, type of device, type of connection) into
its own bus index.
Therefore, the bus type doesnt have to be taken into consideration when planning
an E-LAN. However, one must ensure that each E-LAN component has a unique
address (A...A9, B...B9, C...C9.....Z...Z4) and that the transfer speed and bus
topology are identical between two devices that are connected with each other.
Furthermore, one must ensure that if a two-wire connection is used, the rst and
last bus connection are terminated with a resistance as this prevents reections
from occurring. The resistances are available in every device (as hardware) and
can be activated or deactivated using WinPQ.
E-LAN connections that are not used should either be terminated or operated in
the 4-wire mode.
PQI-DA
30
b
8
b
6
z
8
z
6
b
8
b
6
z
8
z
6
z
8
z
6
b
8
b
6
z
8
z
1
0
z
1
2
z
6
b
8
b
6
b
1
0
b
1
2
EOR-D
COM1
Status
Reset
PQI-D
COM1
Status
Reset
PQI-D
COM1
Status
Reset
2 wire BUS
z
8
z
6
BUS-L
BUS-L
BUS-L
BUS-L
BUS-L
BUS-R
BUS-R
BUS-R
BUS-R
BUS-R
BUS-R
4-wire
line to line
2-wire
line to line
2-wire line to line
<A>
<C>
<B>
<D>
<E>
<F>
<G>
PQI-DA
PQI-DA
PQI-D
PQI-D
REG-D
REG-DP
EOR-D
Example of linking using
E-LAN
<A>
PQI-D
PQI-DA
REG-D
REG-DP
EOR-D
Int. term.
BUS address
Power-Quality-Interface
Power-Quality-Interface &
Disturbance Recorder
Voltage regulator
Peterson coil regulator
Earth-fault locating relay
Interface must be terminated
with a resistance
Int. term.
Int. term.
Suitable for fibre optic cable transmission
lengths and RS 485 boosters
Int. term.
Int. term.
www.a-eberle.de
PQI-DA
BETRIEB
STRUNG
RESET
class A
www.a-eberle.de
PQI-DA
BETRIEB
STRUNG
RESET
class A
AUTO
local
remote
ESC MENU
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1 Status
< U
> U
> I
REG-D
COM1
a-eberle
Display
X = 81,15
y = 76,95
B = 67,818 mm
H = 67,818 mm
AUTO
local
remote
ESC MENU
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1 Status
REG-DP
COM1
a-eberle
M
x9
x9

PQI-DA
Figure 15: Bus synchronisation, examples for 3 PQI-DAs linked by a 4-wire line.
5.5 Time Synchronisation and Measurement Trigger
The PQI-DA has an accurate quartz real time clock (RTC), which continues to run
even if the auxiliary voltage is interrupted. The synchronisation of multiple devices
is achieved by linking the PQI-DAs via the so-called time synchronisation bus
(RS 232) and/or E-LAN.
A device dened as the time master cyclically transmits its local time via E-LAN
to all the other PQI-DAs. The master also sends additional pulses each second
via the time synchronisation bus to achieve sub-second accuracy. Thus, the real
time clock of each synchronised PQI-DA will exactly match that of the master
PQI-DA.
If the master PQI-DA is synchronised by connecting a radio time signal (e.g. the
MSF signal in Great Britain), this signal is also applied to all the PQI-DAs it syn-
chronises.
Multiple PQI-DAs can also be synchronised by assigning a radio time signal receiver
or GPS receiver to each PQI-DA.
www.a-eberle.de
PQI-DA
BETRIEB
STRUNG
RESET
class A
www.a-eberle.de
PQI-DA
BETRIEB
STRUNG
RESET
class A
www.a-eberle.de
PQI-DA
BETRIEB
STRUNG
RESET
class A
x6 x6 x6
PQI-DA
32
5.5.1 Measurement trigger
The PQI-DA can record fault records triggered by events and multiple PQI-DAs can
simultaneously store fault records when they are all connected to the measurement
trigger bus. If an event occurs in a PQI-DA that triggers its internal fault recording
to start, this unit sends a trigger pulse to the measurement trigger bus. This pulse
is then detected by the other PQI-Ds and they will also begin to store fault records,
if external triggering has been enabled.
The time trigger can, for example, also be used to deduce how a particular event
at input 1 affected the voltage quality at output 5.
The measurement trigger should always be activated if the exact time sequence
of events is required. Time differences of a few tens of milliseconds may occur
if time-critical data is transmitted over the E-LAN, due to the running time of the
bus.
From the electrical point of view, the time synchronisation bus and the measurement
trigger bus exhibit the same characteristics as the E-LAN (RS 485). However, in
contrast to the E-LAN, the interfaces of the rst two can only be congured using
jumpers.
All PQI-DAs are supplied with the termination switched off.
The default values do not have to be altered if one or more PQI-DAs are operated
in a single housing or 19 mounting rack. The rst and last device on the bus must
be correctly terminated if multiple housings or mounting racks are used (causing
the bus length to be longer than 50 cm). For time and measurement signals there
is a difference between active and passive termination.
Active termination terminates the bus with the wave resistance at the start of the
cable and at the same time applies the driving voltage to the appropriate bus
segment. On the other hand, a passively terminated bus station is normally loca-
ted at the end of the cable, and is simply terminated with the wave resistance in
order to prevent reections.
Due to this, the rst device on the bus must be set to active termination and the
last device to passive termination. The termination remains switched off for all the
intermediate devices, i.e. they remain in the default status.
The jumpers for the two signals are located on an additional board which is moun-
ted on the circuit board CPU (see Figure 16).
This method can be used to connect up to 32 devices to each other.
The specication of RS 485 drivers stipulates that the maximum separation of two
devices should not exceed 1.2 km.

PQI-DA
5.6 Parameterisation
The PQI-DA Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder can be connected to
the E-LAN just like all other REGSys devices. A PC is used for the parameterisation
and the management of the synchronisation as well as to display the measurement
data of the networked devices. It is connected to one or more PQI-DAs using
the COM interface. REG-L commands are used for communication and both the
WinPQ and the ParaPQ programs can be utilised.
The data management of the system encompasses both the internal and external
management of the measurement and parameterisation data (within the device
and using a PC respectively). The user can only access the settings, statuses
and measurement data of the devices by using a PC (serial interface) since the
PQI-DAs do not contain an operator interface.
However, the units do not require any external computer to carry out the measure-
ments.
Each PQI-DA can record measurement data for a certain amount of time, after
which the information must be transferred to a PC (database) as ofine data.
A selection of online data can also be transferred to the PC, either continuously
or all at once. The selection is not affected by the conguration of the recording of
the measurement data. Both online and ofine data can be displayed, but in order
to use the device memory and transfer capacity efciently, the user must specify
which of the measurement quantities should be permanently displayed.
5.6.1 Parameterising the Device
The PQI-DA offers a wide range of measurement possibilities, and not all measure-
ment quantities are required all the time.
However, the parameterisation principle is the same for all of them.
The following parameterisation steps are required:
5.6.1.1 Transformer conguration
The PQI-DA offers complete freedom with regard to conguring the transformer.
Voltage transformers and current transformers can be parameterised indepen-
dently of each other, ensuring that (almost) every type of measuring circuit can
be achieved using PQI-DAs.
5.6.1.2 Measurement range
PQI-DAs are particularly suited for use in medium and high voltage networks.
However, their use in low voltage networks (230 V custom value) is also pos-
sible without restrictions.
PQI-DA
34
5.6.1.3 Network frequency
The acceptable frequency range for fundamental current and voltage oscillations
is 45...65Hz.
The WinPQ software can be used to congure the triggering options of an event
or fault record for the individual measurement quantities.
5.6.1.4 System time
The system time can be entered into the PQI-DA or controlled by a radio time
signal (real time clock), e.g. in Great Britain, the MSF signal.
A time drift of up to 12 minutes per year may occur if a radio clock synchroni-
sation system is not used.
5.6.1.5 Denition of measurement channels for interval data and
event-triggered measurement data
Specic measurement quantities that are appropriate to the type of task being
carried out can be selected and assigned to a measurement channel. Over 3,000
measurement quantities are available.
5.6.1.6 Conguration of the recording of the measurement data
The available memory can be divided according to the type of task being carried
out. If records or events are of particular interest, a signicant part of the memory
can be used for these items.
5.7 Hardware-orientated device versions
The exibility of the system, i.e. precisely matching specic requirements, can
also be achieved using the hardware characteristics of the input and output con-
guration.
Table 1 shows the different possibilities.
Measurement inputs
Feature
C00 4 voltage inputs (100 V / 230 V)
C10 2 x 4 voltage inputs (100 V / 230 V) for double busbar system
C20 to C31 4 voltage inputs (100 V / 230 V),
4 current inputs (1 A / 5 A)
Table 1

PQI-DA
5.8 Application Examples (a selection)
There are 5 typical applications using feature C
PQI-DA
Results according to EN50160
BB1
4 x U
COM1
T1
4 freely programmable limit
value outputs plus status
4 freely programmable
binary inputs (measurement
start, stop etc.)
PQI-DA
BB1
3 x I 4 x U
COM1
T1
start, stop etc.)
PQI-DA
4 x U 4 x U
BB2
COM1
T1
BB1
T2
start, stop etc.)
PQI-DA
4 x U 4 x U
BB1
COM1
T1
start, stop etc.)
MV HV
PQI-DA
4 x U 4 x U
LV
COM1
T1
MV
start, stop etc.)
PQI-DA
36
RS232
COM 1
D-sub plug connector
front side
6
1 2 3 4 5
7 8 9
G
N
D
R
I
D
T
R
C
T
S
T
X
D
R
T
S
R
X
D
D
S
R
D
C
D
P
LED
CLOCK RAM/ROM
Display
DSP
E-LAN
R
E-LAN
L
41 40 42 39 43 38 44 37 45 36
E
-
G
N
D
E
+
E
A
+
E
A
-
E
A
-
E
A
+
E
+
G
N
D
E
-
x9
(optional)
COM 2
RS232
63 62 61 60 59
T
x
D
R
x
D
G
N
D
R
T
S
C
T
S
x8
230 V binary inputs
+ - + + + - - -
E1 E2 E3 E4
30 31 32 33 34 35
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
x7
Trigger
GPS
IRIG-A
IRIG-B
58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46
G
N
D
T
e
r
m
T
x
B
T
x
B
T
x
A
T
e
r
m
T
x
A
R
x
B
T
e
r
m

R
x
A
R
x
A
G
N
D
T
e
r
m

B
B A T
e
r
m
A
x6
Strip no.
Terminal no.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
R5
230 V binary outputs Status
R2 R3 R4
16 19 22 17 20 23 26 25 28 18 21 24 27 29
x5
R1
4
6
1
3
7
9
10
12
I3k
I2k
I1k
I3l
I2l
I1l
I4k
I4l
x3
2
5
8
11
13
GND
U1
U2
U3
x2
U4
Auxilliary voltag
AC or DC
U

L
(
+
)
H
U

L
(
-
)
H
14 15
x1
Strip no.
Terminal no.
RS232
COM 1
6
1 2 3 4 5
7 8 9
G
N
D
R
I
D
T
R
C
T
S
T
X
D
R
T
S
R
X
D
D
S
R
D
C
D
P
LED
RAM/ROM
DSP
E-LAN
R
E-LAN
L
41 40 42 39 43 38 44 37 45 36
E
-
G
N
D
E
+
E
A
+
E
A
-
E
A
-
E
A
+
E
+
G
N
D
E
-
x9
(optional)
COM 2
RS232
63 62 61 60 59
T
x
D
R
x
D
G
N
D
R
T
S
C
T
S
x8
+ - + + + - - -
E1 E2 E3 E4
30 31 32 33 34 35
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
x7
Trigger
GPS
IRIG-A
IRIG-B
58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46
G
N
D
T
e
r
m
T
x
B
T
x
B
T
x
A
T
e
r
m
T
x
A
R
x
B
T
e
r
m

R
x
A
R
x
A
G
N
D
T
e
r
m

B
B A T
e
r
m
A
x6
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
p
r
o
g
.
R5
Status
R2 R3 R4
16 19 22 17 20 23 26 25 28 18 21 24 27 29
x5
R1
2.2
5.2
8.2
11.2
GND
2.1
5.1
8.1
11.1
13
U1
U2
U3
x2
U1
U2
U3
U4
U4
U

L
(
+
)
H
U

L
(
-
)
H
14 15
x1
D-sub plug connector
front side
Strip no.
Terminal no.
CLOCK
Display
230 V binary inputs
Strip no.
Terminal no.
230 V binary outputs
Auxilliary voltag
AC or DC
5.10 Block diagram PQI-DA 8xU
5.9 Block diagram PQI-DA 4 U/4 I Features C20, C21, C30, C31
Features C10

PQI-DA
6. Characteristics of the Voltage Supply
The trend to permanently monitor the quality of the network is constantly increasing.
This is, on the one hand, due to the original specication of the task the desire
to have xed monitoring and, on the other, due to the standards and regulations
that have arisen as a result of this desire.
Previously, a transportable device was installed in the system after a fault occurred.
The time t
0
was deduced from the measurement between t
1
and t
2
. If no fault
was detected between t
1
and t
2
, one concluded that a fault also did not occur
between time t
0
and t
1
.
This argument is both false and unscientic.
Due to this, EN 50160 dened a sequence of measurement intervals, which require
continuous measurement.
EN 50160 species average values that span 10 minutes, days, weeks and up to
a year. Measurements that last months or years can obviously only be achieved
using permanently installed devices.
The range of values and evaluation parameters for low voltage and medium voltage
networks are listed in the following tables.
6.1. Limit Values Specied in EN 50160
DIN EN 50160 Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution
systems: 2008 generally leaves the precise specication of limits to be jointly
agreed upon by the energy supplier / distributor and the consumer.
This is to be expected, since this area is not uniform throughout Europe.
A feature that is essential for one recipient could have a much lower priority for a
different recipient.
Therefore, it is not only sensible, but also essential, that the voltage quality that
is to be supplied is dened in the negotiations between the energy suppliers and
the consumers.
Table 1 summarises the quality parameters specied in EN 50160 that are most
frequently used.
An example based on the row in Table 1 labelled Random long interruptions to
the supply (>3 minutes ) (highlighted in grey) shows that the standard is only
applicable via negotiations between the energy supplier and the recipient.
For example, the Standard permits 10 to 50 interruptions of random length to the
voltage supply per year that may each last > 3 minutes.
There are 8760 hours in a year, and if one denes a voltage interruption as 175.2
hours (permissible since 175.2 hours > 3 minutes), it would be possible to not
supply any energy for an entire year and still remain within the framework of EN
50160 (8760 hours = 50 interruptions * 175.2 hours).
PQI-DA
38
This extreme example shows that the regulation only species the framework,
within which an individual voltage quality can be dened.
The PQI-DA Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder measures all the
quality parameters and enables the user to dene his/her own limit values.
Summary of the important specications contained in EN 50160
Characteristics of the
supply voltage
Values / ranges of values Measurement & evaluation params.
Low voltage Medium voltage
B
a
s
i
c
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
p
e
r
i
o
d
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
Frequency (when connected
to integrated network)
49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz
47 Hz to 52 Hz
Average
value
10 s 1 year
99.5 %
100 %
Slow voltage change 230 V
10 %
Uc
10 %
R.m.s. value 10 s 1 week 95 %
Fast voltage change 5 % 4 % R.m.s. value 10 min 1 day often
Flicker (specication only for
long icker)
P = 1
Flicker
algorithm
2 h 1 week 95 %
Voltage dips *)
(< 1 min)
10 to 1000 per year
(under 85 % Uc)
R.m.s. value 10 ms 1 year 100 %
Short interruptions to the
supply (< 3 min)
10 to 50 per year R.m.s. value 10 ms 1 year 100 %
Random long interruptions to
the supply (>3 min)
10 to 50 per year
(under 1 % U)
R.m.s. value 10 ms 1 year 100 %
Intermittent overvoltage at
the network frequency
(extern. conductor - earth)
Normally < 1.5 kV
1.7 to 2.0 Uc
(depending. on
neutral-point
handling)
R.m.s. value 10 ms None 100 %
Transient overvoltage
(extern. conductor - earth) Normally < 6 kV
depending on
isolation
coordination
R.m.s. value None None 100 %
Voltage asymmetry
(relationship between with
system and contra-system)
Normally 2 %
In special cases up 3 %
R.m.s. value 10 min 1 week 95 %
Harmonic voltage
(reference Un or Uc)
Total harmonic distortion
(THD) = 8 %
R.m.s. value 10 min 1 week 95 %
Inter-harmonic voltage Values not yet available Values not yet available
Signal voltages
(reference value, Un or Uc)
(MS: 9 to 95 kHz range
not yet available)
R.m.s. value 3 s 1 day 99 %
*) IEC 61000-4-30
Table 1

PQI-DA
7. Measurement Circuits
Transformer Conguration
In general:
If the neutral earth voltage UNE is not available, terminal N must be con-
nected to terminal E.
The choice of the type of connection is made via WinPQ.
Voltage transformer conguration and current transformer conguration can
be set independently of each other and therefore they can be adjusted to
any network situation.
Information:
WinPQ offers a button to carry out this procedure as simple as possible.
PQI-DA
40
d10
z8 L1
E
d14
z12 L2
E
d18
z16 L3
E
d22
z20 N
E (PE)
d10
z8 L1
d14
z12 L2
d18
z16 L3
d22
z20
E (PE)
d6
z4
PQI-DA simplified connections
Conditions:
- U4 is not required and is therefore short-circuited
- Reference voltage is connected in parallel to L1
- Common zero point
PQI-DA voltage connections
U4
U3
U2
U1 U1
U2
U3
U4
Usync
PQI-DA current connections
5
6
k
l
I1 I1
3
4
k
l
I2 I2
1
2
k
l
I3 I3
5
6
k
l
IS I0
d10
z8 L1'
E'
d14
z12 L2'
E'
d18
z16 L3'
E'
d22
z20 N'
E (PE)'
PQI-DA voltage connections
U4
U3
U2
U1
Terminal strip 1 Terminal strip 1
Only characteristic C2 - terminal strip 2
7.1 Connection Possibilities
Pin assignment for the voltage and current inputs of the PQI-DA

PQI-DA
7.2 Current Transformer Connections
Each PQI-DA Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder has four current
inputs. In general, inputs I1 to I3 can be used to measure the line currents.
The fourth current can be used as a sum current or as a neutral conductor current
input.
For sum current measurements, it is irrelevant if the sum current is created using
a sum current transformer (core balance transformer) or a Holm-Green circuit.
Only two currents are required in an Aron circuit, because in healthy three-
conductor networks the third current can be calculated if the other two currents
are already known (a healthy network is one in which the vector sum of all three
currents is zero).
Normally, an Aron circuit is applied in such a way that the currents in L1 and L3
are measured and are then used to calculate L2.
The PQI-DA is not limited in this case either, since the appropriate input congurati-
on is prepared regardless of which phases have a current transformer available.
Only one current transformer needs to be connected in equally loaded networks.
In this case the PQI-DA transmits the total power, by multiplying the phase power
by 3 (the three individual powers are the same if the network is equally loaded).
The appropriate input conguration is prepared in this case too, regardless of
which phase contains the current transformer.
PQI-DA
42
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
L1
k
I1
Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2
6 5
l
Socket connector 3
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
I2
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
I3
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k l
S1 S2
4 3 2 1 6 5
I
AL AK BL BK CL CK
I-configuration 1, 3-phase
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
N
L1
X
x
k
I1
6 5 6 5
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
I2
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
I3
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
IN
l
4 3 2 1
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
N
L1
k
I1
6 5
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
I2
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
I3
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
IN
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
4 3 2 1 6 5
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
L1
X
x
k
I1
6 5 6 5
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
I2
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
I3
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k l
4 3 2 1
I
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
L1
k
I1
6 5
l
X
x
k
I2
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
I3
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k l
S1 S2
4 3 2 1 6 5
I
AL AK BL BK CL CK
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
N
L1
x
k
I1
6 5
l
X
x
k
I2
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
I3
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
IN
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
4 3 2 1 6 5
Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2 Socket connector 3
Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2 Socket connector 3 Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2 Socket connector 3
7.2.1 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection

PQI-DA
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
L1
X
x
k
I1
6 5
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
I2
l
X
x
k
I3
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k l
S1 S2
4 3 2 1 6 5
I
AL AK BL BK CL CK
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
N
L1
X
x
k
I1
6 5
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
x
k
I2
l
X
x
k
I3
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
IN
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
4 3 2 1 6 5
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
L1
X
x
k
I1
6 5
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
I2
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
I3
l k l
S1 S2
4 3 2 1 6 5
I
AL AK BL BK CL CK
I1 I2 I3 I0
L2
L3
N
L1
X
x
k
I1
6 5
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
X
x
k
I2
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
k
I3
l
X
x
k
IN
l
S1 S2
P1 P2
4 3 2 1 6 5
I-configuration 4, 3-phase I-configuration 4, 4-phase
I-configuration 5, 3-phase I-configuration 5, 4-phase
7.2.2 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection
7.3 Voltage Transformer Connections
The PQI-DA offers different congurations for the voltage measurement.
Which type of connection has to be selected is determined by the structure of the
system. Three single-pole as well as two double-pole isolated voltage transformers
can be used. Of course, using the PQI-DA also single-phase measurements are
possible.
The fourth measurement input is designated for measuring the neutral-to-earth
voltage UNE.
Information: The PQI-DA can also calculate the neutral-to-earth voltage out of
the three phase-to-neutral voltages; a physical connection of the neutral-to-earth
voltage is not mandatory. Thus, the fourth input can be used for another voltage
measurement, delivering additional information.
PQI-DA
44
7.3.1 PQI-DA Voltage Transformer Connection
Information:
If U
NE
is not required, both terminals of input U
NE
must be short-circuited.
U1E U2E U3E UNE Usync
L2
L3
N
PE
L1
L1 PE L2 L3
Socket connector 1
z8 d10 z12 d14 z16 d18 z20 d22 z4 d6
U-configuration 1, 4-phase
N
L2
L3
L1
A
X
x
a
L1 E
B
X
x
b
L2
C
X
x
c
L3
z8 d10 z12 d14 z16 d18 z20 d22 z4 d6
N
L2
L3
L1
B
a
L1
E
A
X
x
b
L2
A
X
x
L3
z8 d10 z12 d14 z16 d18 z20 d22 z4 d6
B
a b
N
UNE
L2
L3
L1
A
b
L1 E
B
X
x
a
L2
B
X
x
L3
Federleiste 1
z8 d10 z12 d14 z16 d18 z20 d22 z4 d6
A
b a
N
UNE
L2
L3
L1
A
b
L1 E
B
X
x
a
L2
A
X
x
L3
z8 d10 z12 d14 z16 d18 z20 d22 z4 d6
B
a b
UNE
N
L2
L3
L1
A
X
x
a
L1
B
X
x
b
L2
C
X
x
c
L3
z8 d10 z12 d14 z16 d18 z20 d22 z4 d6
E N
UNE
Socket connector 1
U-configuration 1, 3-phase
Socket connector 1 Socket connector 1
Socket connector 1 Socket connector 1
U-configuration 2 U-configuration 3
U-configuration 4 U-configuration 5

PQI-DA
8. Management of Process Data within the Device
When the PQI-DA is operating, it generates a large amount of continuous and
event-triggered data, of which only a certain proportion can be measured and
saved within a limited time period. The length of the saving process is dependent
on the amount to be saved as well as on how often the data is transferred to the
PC database.
The selection of the data, as well as the method of displaying it, must be congu-
rable so that the device memory and transfer capacity resources can be used
as exibly and efciently as possible. Therefore, all the conguration parameters
are readable and stored in the device so that the process data are uniquely iden-
tiable at all times when accessed using a PC.
8.1 Classication of the Data
The transferred data can be assigned to one of the following categories:
Settings (parameters)
10/12* periods (0.2 s) process data
150/180* periods (3 s) process data
10-minute process data
2-hour process data
Day-long process data
Event data
Fault records
* 10/12 and 150/180 correspond to 50 Hz and 60 Hz networks and specify the
number of measured periods.
Example:
One period in a 50 Hz network lasts 0.02 s. Therefore, an integration over 150
periods produces a total measurement time of 3 s. On the other hand, 180 periods
are required in 60 Hz networks to (approximately) achieve a 3-second average
value, since each period lasts 16.666 ms.
The measurement times differ from 3 s if the frequencies uctuate by a large
amount.
Example:
If the frequency is 49 Hz, the measurement time is not 3 seconds, but 150 x
1/49Hz =3.06 seconds.
A data class can contain different types of measurement values:
The 10-minute and day-long process data consist of both average values and
extreme values, whereas the fault records contain s sampling values, -period
values and spectra.
10-minute process data: Average values, extreme values
Day-long process data: Average values, extreme values
Fault records: Sampling value, -period values, spectra
PQI-DA
46
8.2 Monitoring the Voltage Quality and Managing the Process Data
Sources: EN 50160:2008
IEC 61000-4-30:2008
A. Eberle internal sources
8.2.1 Overview
Terminology
Measurement data classes
Events
Statistical quantities
Features of the supply quality
Parameterising the recording of measurement data
Parameterising the evaluation and display of events
Parameterising the fault records
Signals and their outputs
Analogue outputs
New features of Version x.0.10
8.2.2 Terminology
Supply voltage (EN 50160):
R.m.s. value of the voltage at the transfer point.
Agreed supply voltage Uc (EN 50160):
Nominal voltage, unless an alternative is agreed upon between the power
supply company and the customer.
Normal operating conditions (EN 50160):
Describes the operating status in a distributed network in which current
supply requirements are met, switching operations are carried out and faults
are rectied using automatic protection systems without any unusual
circumstances arising due to external inuences or large bottlenecks in the
supply.
Slow voltage change (EN 50160):
Changes in the r.m.s. value of the voltage due to changes in the load.
Fast voltage change (EN 50160):
An individual fast change to the r.m.s. voltage between two successive
voltage levels having a denite, but non-specic.

PQI-DA
Flicker (EN 50160):
This describes uctuations in the supply voltage which cause the visual
brightness of an attached lamp to change by a certain amount.
Short-term icker magnitude P
st
: 10-minute interval value Long-term icker
magnitude P
lt
: quadratic 2-hour average value of 12 P
st
values
Voltage dip (EN 50160):
Drop in the r.m.s. voltage to 90%..1% of Uc.
Planned/random voltage interruption (EN 50160):
R.m.s. value of the voltage < 1% of Uc.
Duration >= 3 minutes : Long-term interruption < 3 minutes : Short-term
interruption
Intermittent overvoltage at the network frequency (EN 50160):
R.m.s. voltage increases to >170% of Uc.
nth order harmonic voltage:
Spectral components with a frequency n times the basic frequency of a
periodic voltage.
THD (= Total Harmonic Distortion):
R.m.s. value of harmonic voltages n=2..40 based on the r.m.s. value of
basic frequency.
Asymmetrical voltage:
The amount the basic frequency voltage vectors differ from the symmet-
rical situation is measured using the relationship between the with-system
and contra-system components (where symmetrical means two successive
phases have the same amplitude and phase difference).
Voltage dip (IEC 61000-4-30):
Temporary reduction of the voltage at a point in the electrical system below
a threshold. An interruption is a special case of a voltage dip.
Minimum voltage and the duration are important characteristic values.
Voltage swell (IEC 61000-4-30):
Temporary increase of the voltage at a point in the electrical system above a
threshold.
Maximum voltage and the duration are important characteristic values.
PQI-DA
48
8.3 Events
General features
Identier: indicates type,
Time stamp: the time event was triggered,
Event value: dependent on type of event (see below).
Interval events:
Interval events are triggered at the end of a 10-minute / 2-hour interval if an
event continuously exceeds the limit value. They are re-triggered each time
the interval elapses if the event persists.
Event value = measurement value when comparing limit values.
Start / stop events:
Start and stop events are created at the beginning and end of a limit va-
lue violation respectively, and at the end of a measuring period if it lasts
<10 minutes. They are not repeated during a continuous limit value violation.
Event value (start event) = measurement value when comparing limit values.
Limit value (stop event) = extreme value since start event, i.e.
maximum value for the maximum limit value,
minimum value for the minimum limit value.
8.2.3 Measurement Data Classes
Sampling values
97.7-us interval at a network frequency of 50 Hz, 3.54 Gbytes /
(day * measurement channel)
Half-period r.m.s. values
10-ms interval at a network frequency of 50 Hz, 34.6 Mbytes /
10-period average values
200-ms interval at a network frequency of 50 Hz, 1.73 Mbytes /
150-period average values
3-second interval at a network frequency of 50 Hz, 115 Kbytes /
10-second average values
34.6 kByte / (day * measurement channel), frequency only
10-minute average values
10-minute limit interval e.g. 8:30:00, 8:40:00...,
576 bytes / (day * measurement channel)
2-hour average values
2-hour limit interval e.g. 8:00:00, 10:00:00...,
48 bytes / (day * measurement channel)
Daily values
1-day interval, max. 4 bytes / (day * measurement channel)

PQI-DA
8.3.1 Start / Stop Events
Measurement value
Threshold
t
Events
Start Stop
Event duration
Minimum
t
8.3.2 Interval Events
Average value
Threshold
t
Events
t
Interval time
1
8
:
2
9
:
5
9
:
9
9
9
1
8
:
3
9
:
5
9
:
9
9
9
1
8
:
4
9
:
5
9
:
9
9
9
1
8
:
5
9
:
5
9
:
9
9
9
1
9
:
0
9
:
5
9
:
9
9
9
1
9
:
2
9
:
5
9
:
9
9
9
1
9
:
1
9
:
5
9
:
9
9
9
Measurement value
PQI-DA
50
Day n n+1
7 or 365 days
m
m+1
Start day m
End day m
7 or 365 days
Start day m+1
End day m+1
Event U12
Event U23
Event U31
Network event
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
8.3.3 Linking Events
Phase events mode : Recording events U
12
, U
23
, U
31
Network events mode : Recording events U
12
, U
23
8.4.1 Displaying the Week and Year Values
8.4 Relative Frequency
Start / stop events:
Relative frequency = Total event length / total measurement time
Interval events:
Relative frequency = Number of event intervals / number of measurement
intervals

PQI-DA
8.5 Availability
Feature: Interruption to the supply
Events: Start / stop
Measurement quantities: Half-period r.m.s. voltage values
Parameters:
Threshold (EN 50160) = 0.01*UC, Default value = 0.4*UC
Maximum length of short interruption to the supply (EN 50160) = 180 s
Default value = 180 s
Statistical quantities: Number and duration
Short interruptions to the supply
Number per day, week and year
Integration over days, weeks and years
Long interruptions to the supply
Reference value for number per year according to EN 51060:
Short interruption to supply: tens to several hundred,
default value = 30
Long interruption to supply: from fewer than 10 to up to 50,
default value = 10
8.6 Adherence to the Specied Supply Voltage Range
Feature: slow voltage change
Event: 10 -minute interval, range exceeded
Measurement quantities: 10 min. average values of the r.m.s. voltage
Parameters:
Thresholds (EN 50160) = (1 0.1)*UC
Default value of lower threshold: 0.9*UC
Default value of upper threshold: 1.5*UC
Statistical quantities:
Max. relative frequency per week
according to EN 50160: 5%
Default value: 5%
PQI-DA
52
Feature: Voltage dip
Parameters:
Threshold (EN 50160) = 0.04..0.9*UC, Default value = 0.9*UC
Reference value for number per year according to EN 51060:
tens to 1000 default value = 100
Feature: Fast voltage change
Note: The denition of a fast voltage change specied in EN 50160
does not serve as the measurement principle for actual implementation.
In the PQI-D, EN 50160 is replaced by voltage dip and voltage swell
(IEC 61000-4-30) .
Parameters:
Thresholds (EN 50160) = 0,04..0.06)*UC
Default threshold for the voltage dip = 0.94*UC
Default threshold for the voltage swell = 1.06*UC
Reference value for number per day according to EN 51060:
several possible under certain conditions, default setting = 10
Number per year: Default value = 3650
Feature: Intermittent overvoltage at the network frequency
between the outer conductor and earth
Parameters: Threshold (EN 50160) = 1.7..0.2*UC, Default value = 1.7*UC
Reference value for number per year according to EN 51060: None
Default value = 10

PQI-DA
8.7 Asymmetry
Feature: Asymmetrical voltage
Event: 10-minute interval, range exceeded
Measurement quantities: 10-minute average values of the
asymmetrical r.m.s. voltage
Parameters:
Threshold (EN 50160) = 2..3%
Default value: 2%
Max. relative frequency in each week according to EN 50160: 5%
Default value: 5%
8.8 Harmonics
Feature: Harmonic voltages, THD
Event: 10-minute interval, at least one harmonic voltage
or the THD is exceeded.
Measurement quantities: 10-minute average values of the harmonic
voltages (r.m.s.), THD
Parameters:
Thresholds (EN 50160) = Harmonic : see Table 2 in EN 50160
THD: 8%
Default value: according to EN 50160
Max. relative frequency in each week according to EN 50160: 5%
Default value: 5%
8.9 Flicker
Feature: Flicker
Event: 2-hour interval, range exceeded
Measurement quantities: Long-term icker magnitude Plt (2-hour average
value)
Parameters:
Thresholds (EN 50160) = 1.0
Default value: 1.0
Max. relative frequency per week according to EN 50160: 5%
Default value: 5%
PQI-DA
54
8.10 Frequency, Narrow Range
Feature: Network frequency
Measurement quantities: 10-second average value
Parameters:
Thresholds (EN 50160, synchronised connection to the integrated network)
= 50 Hz 0.5 Hz.
Default value of lower threshold: = 49.5 Hz
Default value of upper threshold: 50.5 Hz
Reference value for relative frequency per year according to
EN 51060: 0.5%
Default value: 0.5%
8.11 Frequency, Wide Range
Feature: Network frequency
Measurement quantities: 10-second average value
Parameters:
Thresholds (EN 50160), synchronised connection to the integrated
network = 47 Hz, 52 Hz.
Default value of lower threshold: = 47.0 Hz
Default value of upper threshold: 52.0 Hz
Reference value for relative frequency according to EN 51060: 0%
Default value: 0%

PQI-DA
8.12 Controls for Recording Measurement Data
8.13 Interval Status Word
Each interval sampling point contains a status word with the maximum interference
level for the interval.
Status parameters
Transient interference level U
1N
, line 1
2N
, line 1
3N
, line 1
12
, line 1
23
, line 1
31
, line 1
Synchronisation status
Status of the measurement range limiting
1N
, line 2
2N
, line 2
3N
, line 2
12
, line 2
23
, line 2
31
, line 2
Input 1
Input 2
Input 16
On
Parameter index
0
1
2
16
Recording on/off
Individual release
Measurement data Recording
Data classes
PQI-DA
56
8.14 Controls for the Event Evaluation
8.15 Event Filtering
Input 1
Input 2
Input 16
Reg-L
Parameter index
0
1
2
16
Event evaluation on/off
Recording 1
Transformer config. 1
Event 1
Evaluation 1 : on/off
Mode 1 : network events/all
Evaluation 1
Filter 1
Transformer config. 2
Event 2
Evaluation 2 : on/off
Mode 2 : network events/all
Evaluation 2
Filter 2
Recording 2
Note: Elements for line 2 are only available for
a PQI-D with 8 voltage inputs

PQI-DA
8.16 Suppressing Interval Events
The interval events are discarded if the largest transient (of the corresponding
measurement quantity) that occurs in an interval is larger than the specied limit
value.
For level 3, the results the interval events are always retained, regardless of tran-
sient faults.
All PQI events are discarded if a synchronisation fault occurs or the measurement
range is exceeded.
Level Transient fault
0 None
1 Dip, swell
2 Voltage dip, transient overvoltage
3 Voltage interruption
8.18 Triggering of Fault Recorders A, B and C
8.17 Triggering of Fault Recorders A and B
Recorders A and B have several individual trigger thresholds.
Upper and lower trigger limits are related to the agreed voltage.
The individual trigger thresholds are for conductor-earth and conductor
conductor voltages.
The trigger threshold for the neutral earth voltage is the same for both
recorder A and recorder B.
The trigger thresholds can be enabled or disabled for each voltage.
Current threshold values and phase jumps can also be used as triggers.
Recorder 1 trigger
Recorder 2 trigger
Eval. 1 on/off
Eval. 2 on/off
Trigger 1
Trigger 2
Event 1
Event 2
Note: Elements for line 2 and the cross-coupling are only
available for a PQI-D with 8 voltage inputs
PQI-DA
58
Recorder-buffer
Operating mode: linear
(NV-RAM)
Background memory
(RAM)
Data
Fill level
Data
Buffer-Reset
COM
Read procedure
4 MB 48 MB
8.19.1 Fault Record Sequences
Fault record sequences consist of a trigger fault record and
one or more follow-up fault records if required.
The fault records within a sequence are seamless and do not overlap.
Trigger fault records can be re-triggered within the time period between
the re-trigger point and the pre-trigger time.
Follow-up fault records can be re-triggered within the time period
between the end of the fault record and the pre-trigger time.
Trigger fault records contain a trigger time and a trigger event.
8.19 Parameterising the Fault Record
Before the event
After the event
Recording length
Pre-trigger time
Retrigger window
Threshold
Pre-trigger time
Fault record trigger Fault record sequence
0 M K N-1 Recording point n
N = number of recording points
Trigger point M = index of the first recording point after the triggering, where 0 < M < N-1
Retrigger point K = index of the first recording point that can trigger a follow-up fault record,
where M < K < N-1
8.20 Background Memory Recorders A and B

PQI-DA
8.21 Supply Quality Signals
Frequency change of narrow tolerance, line 1 (, line 2)
Frequency change of wide tolerance, line 1 (, line 2)
Intermittent overvoltage at the network frequency, line 1 (, line 2)
Fast voltage change, line 1 (, line 2)
Voltage dip, line 1 (, line 2)
Short interruption to the voltage, line 1 (, line 2)
Long interruption to the voltage, line 1 (, line 2)
Slow voltage deviation (10 minutes), line 1 (, line 2)
Harmonic distortion exceeded (10 minutes), line 1 (, line 2)
Voltage symmetry exceeded (10 minutes), line 1 (, line 2)
P
ST
exceeded (10 minutes), line 1 (, line 2)
P
LT
exceeded (2 hours), line 1 (, line 2)
Narrow tolerance range too frequently exceeded by the frequency
[week], line 1 (, line 2)
Narrow tolerance range too frequently exceeded by the frequency
[year], line 1 (, line 2)
Maximum number of intermittent overvoltages at the network frequency
exceeded [year], line 1 (, line 2)
Maximum number of fast voltage changes exceeded [day], line 1 (, line 2)
Maximum number of fast voltage changes exceeded [year], line 1 (, line 2)
Maximum number of voltage dips exceeded [year] , line 1 (, line 2)
Maximum number of short supply interruptions exceeded
Maximum number of long supply interruptions exceeded
Range exceeded too frequently by slow voltage changes
Range exceeded too frequently by harmonic distortions
Range exceeded too frequently by asymmetrical voltage
Range exceeded too frequently by icker [week], line 1 (, line 2)
PQI-DA
60
? 1
Signal 1
Signal 2
Signal 32
In
Out
Operation
mode
Reg-L
Delay time
Output status (1)
Output status (0)
1
0
Output status
LED, relay
Status of the logic gate
8.22 Parameterising the Signal Output
8.23 Signal Output Operating Modes
Signal
Satus of the logic gate for operating mode
0
REG-L
1
T
h
T
h
2
T
h
T
h
3
T
h
T
h

PQI-DA
i
1
i
2
i
3
Energiequelle
Generator, Transformator
u
1N
Z
3
Z
2
Z
1
R
1
u
10
E
N
R
2
R
3
u
20
u
30
u
NE
u
12
u
31
u
23
Energiewandlung
Verbraucherschaltung
u
2N
u
3N
N"
u
1E
u
2E
u
3E
0
1
2
3
Z
E
9. Denition of the Measurement Quantities
A three-phase current contains several different measurement quantities which in
the past were indicated by different designations and/or indices.
This is particularly clear in the designation of the neutral earth voltage which,
depending on mood and operating version, was referred to as En voltage, Uo
voltage, Uv voltage or even as E or N voltage. Therefore, Figure 17 is shown below
at the beginning of the explanation of the measurement quantities to ensure an
unambiguous and consistent terminology.
It illustrates the basic quantities for measurements in three-phase current sys-
tems. The designations are based upon the terminology specied in DIN 40110-2
Quantities used in alternating current theory - Part 2: Multi-line circuits.
Figure 17:
PQI-DA
62
9.1 Sampling, Synchronisation
The sampling frequency is generated via synchronisation with one of the 3 input
voltage frequencies (reference channel). The synchronisation cycle spans 10 pe-
riods for 50 Hz networks and 12 periods for 60 Hz networks. Thus the nominal
cycle time is:
ms T
SN
200 =
The synchronisation frequency can uctuate by up to 10% of the nominal value
(i.e. 45 Hz ... 55 Hz and 54 Hz ... 66 Hz respectively).
All input signals are sampled simultaneously. The number of samples per input
signal (current, voltage) and synchronisation cycle is:
2048 2
11
= = M
Thus, for a cycle time TS, the sampling frequency is
S
S
T
M
f =
The nominal sampling frequency for the corresponding frequency of the nominal
cycle time is therefore:
Hz f
SN
10240 =
Sampling Frequency Synchronisation
Signal processing is always based on a xed number of sampling values, which
in turn depend on the type of measurement quantity to be calculated. The length
of the associated measurement interval must correspond to a whole number of
periods of the present network frequency in order to prevent beats occurring in the
measurement quantities (leakage effect). To achieve this, the sampling frequency
constantly tracks the network frequency so that they have a xed relationship. The
reference quantity for this is the frequency of the voltage at the reference voltage
input. If the reference input voltage is interrupted for < 10 s, the last valid sampling
frequency is used. The nominal value is used if the interruption lasts for > 10 s.
The A/D transformer has a 24 bit resolution, including the (plus-minus) signs.
The r.m.s. width of the measurement band is 2.5 kHz.

PQI-DA
9.2. Primary Sampling Values
9.2.1 Deduced Sampling Values
9.2.1.1 External conductor voltages
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) (
) (
) (
23 12 1 3 1 3 31
12 31 3 2 3 2 23
31 23 2 1 2 1 12
n u n u n u n u n u n u n u
N N E E
N N E E
N N E E
+ = = =
+ = = =
+ = = =
9.2.1.2 Neutral earth voltage
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3
3 2 1
n u n u n u
n u
E E E
NE
+ +
=
9.2.1.3 Phase voltages towards the virtual phase point
u
10
(n), u
20
(n), u
30
(n) are mapped onto u
1E
(n), u
2E
(n), u
3E
(n)
in a three-phase system
( )
( )
( )
3
) ( ) ( 2
3
) ( ) ( 2
3
) ( ) (
3
) ( ) ( 2
3
) ( ) ( 2
3
) ( ) (
3
) ( ) ( 2
3
) ( ) ( 2
3
) ( ) (
12 23 12 31 23 31
3
31 12 31 23 12 23
2
23 31 23 12 31 12
1
n u n u n u n u n u n u
n u
n u
n u
N
N
N
+
=
+
=

=
+
=
+
=

=
+
=
+
=

=
9.2.1.4 Outer conductor to earth voltages
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) n u n u n u
n u n u n u
n u n u n u
NE N E
NE N E
NE N E
+ =
+ =
+ =
3 3
2 2
1 1
PQI-DA
64
9.2.1.5 Outer conductor to phase point voltages
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) n u n u n u
n u n u n u
n u n u n u
NE E N
NE E N
NE E N
=
=
=
3 3
2 2
1 1
9.2.1.6 Linked conductor currents in a three-phase system
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) (
3 2 / 1
n i n i n i n i
N
+ =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) (
1 3 / 2
n i n i n i n i
N
+ =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) (
2 1 / 3
n i n i n i n i
N
+ =

9.2.1.7 Sum current, neutral conductor current
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) n i n i n i n i
N 3 2 1 /
+ + =

The value i
/N
(n) represents
i
N
(n) in a four-phase system and
in a three-phase system i
(n)
9.2.1.8 Active power of the phase
( ) ( ) n i n u n p
N 1 1 1
) ( =
( ) ( ) n i n u n p
N 2 2 2
) ( =
( ) ( ) n i n u n p
N 3 3 3
) ( =

PQI-DA
9.2.2 R.M.S. Voltage Values
The sampling values of all the voltages are recorded continuously and without
overlapping when calculating the r.m.s. (root mean square) value.
9.2.2.1 Half-period r.m.s. voltage values
The original signal is represented by a step function. The height of the step is the
present value of the ADC and the width of the step is the measurement interval.
First, the half-period r.m.s. voltage values are calculated for continuous, half-pe-
riod-long, time slices. The sampling is not synchronised with the time slices and
this results in beats (icker) occurring. This can be minimised by including the
corresponding weighting factors of the combined sampling values of consecutive
time slices in the calculation of both r.m.s. values. The resulting r.m.s. value is then
used as the input value for the icker algorithm.
max
min
max
min
2
) 2 / (
n
n n
n
n
n n
n
T rms
w
n u w
U
This results in 512 (256) sampling points or 5 (3) r.m.s. values per period for 50
Hz (60 Hz) networks.
The average of two consecutive r.m.s. values that is calculated every half-period
is known as the average half-period r.m.s. value.
It is used as a trigger quantity for start / stop events and is also a quantity stored
by recorder B.
It is calculated as follows:
2
) (
2
) 2 / (
2
1
) 2 / 1 (
n U
U
T rms
n
rms

=
=
For transformer congurations 3..5, the calculated sampling values are applied to
the virtual neutral point to calculate the r.m.s. phase voltages.
PQI-DA
66
For transformer congurations 6..11, the unavailable voltages U
ab
are replaced
with the value of the measured voltage U
m
, after a correction factor (see Table
5) has been applied to it.
m ab
U U =
9.2.2.2 10/12-period r.m.s. voltage values
2048
) (
2048
1
2
12 / 10

=

=
n
rms
n u
U
R.m.s. values > 1.5 Un and < 0.5 Un are highlighted.
For transformer congurations 3..5, the calculated sampling values are applied to
the virtual neutral point to calculate the r.m.s. phase voltages.
For transformer congurations 6..11, the unavailable voltages U
ab
are replaced
with the value of the measured voltage U
m
, after a correction factor (see Table 5)
has been applied to it.
9.2.2.3 150/180-period r.m.s voltage values
The 150/180-period r.m.s. values are each calculated from 15 consecutive
10/12-period r.m.s. values. Each 10/12-period r.m.s. value is included exactly
once in a 150/180-period r.m.s. value calculation.
( )
15
15
1
2
12 / 10
180 / 150

=

=
n
rms
rms
n U
U
If more than 7 of the 15 10/12-period r.m.s. values are highlighted or are not
available, the corresponding 150/180-period r.m.s. value is also highlighted.

PQI-DA
9.2.2.4 10-minute r.m.s. voltage values
The 10-minute r.m.s. values are calculated from the N 150/180-period r.m.s. values
that occur in every 10-minute interval. The 10-minute limits of the system time
are calculated simultaneously, and each 150/180-period r.m.s. value is included
exactly once in a 10-minute r.m.s. value.
( )
N
n U
U
N
n
rms
rms

=

=
1
2
180 / 150
min 10
N can deviate from the nominal value of 200 since the 150/180-period r.m.s va-
lues and the 10-minute time period are not synchronised. If more than half the
150/180-period r.m.s. values in a 10-minute time interval are highlighted or not
available, the corresponding 10-minute r.m.s value is also highlighted.
9.2.2.5 2-hour r.m.s. voltage values
The 2-hour r.m.s. values are calculated from the twelve 10-minute r.m.s. values
that occur in every 2-hour interval. The 2-hour limits of the system time are cal-
culated simultaneously, and each 10-minute r.m.s. value is included exactly once
in a 2-hour r.m.s. value.
( )
12
12
1
2
min 10
2

=

=
n
rms
h rms
n U
U
If more than 5 of the twelve 10-minute r.m.s. values in a 2-hour time interval are
highlighted or not available, the corresponding 2-hour r.m.s value is also high-
lighted.
9.2.3 R.M.S. Current Values
The sampling values of all the currents are recorded continuously and without
overlapping when calculating the r.m.s. value.
9.2.3.1 10/12-period r.m.s. current values
2048
) (
2048
1
2
12 / 10

=

=
n
rms
n i
I
PQI-DA
68
For current transformer combinations 8..10, the value of the measured phase is
applied in place of the phase currents of the unavailable conductor.
9.2.3.2 150/180-period r.m.s. current values
The 150/180-period r.m.s. values are each calculated from 15 consecutive 10/12-
period r.m.s. values. The 10/12-period r.m.s. value is given by
( )
15
15
1
2
12 / 10
180 / 150

=

=
n
rms
rms
n I
I
9.2.3.3 10-minute r.m.s. current values
The 10-minute r.m.s. values are calculated from the N 150/180-period r.m.s. values
that occur in every 10-minute interval. The 10-minute limits of the system time
are calculated simultaneously, and each 150/180-period r.m.s. value is included
exactly once in a 10-minute r.m.s. value.
( )
N
n I
I
N
n
rms
rms

=

=
1
2
180 / 150
min 10
N can deviate from the nominal value of 200 since the 150/180-period r.m.s values
and the 10-minute time period are not synchronised.
9.2.3.4 2-hour r.m.s. current values
The 2-hour r.m.s. values are calculated from the twelve 10-minute r.m.s. values
that occur in every 2-hour interval. The 2-hour limits of the system time are cal-
culated simultaneously, and each 10-minute r.m.s. value is included exactly once
in a 2-hour r.m.s. value.
( )
12
12
1
2
min 10
2

=

=
n
rms
h rms
n I
I

PQI-DA
9.2.4 Linear Average Values
The calculation of the linear average takes place in the same time frame as the
quadratic average value (= r.m.s. value) and can be applied to various measure-
ment quantities (see below).
9.2.4.1 10/12-period average values
( )
2048
2048
1
12 / 10

=
=
n
n x
X
9.2.4.2 150/180-period average values
The 150/180-period average values are each calculated from 15 consecutive
10/12-period average values, and each 10/12-period average value is included
exactly once in a 150/180-period average value.
( )
15
15
1
20 / 10
180 / 150

=
=
n
n X
X
9.2.4.3 10-minute average values
The 10-minute average values are calculated from the N 150/180-period average
values that occur in every 10-minute interval. The 10-minute limits of the system
time are calculated simultaneously, and each 150/180-period average value is
included exactly once in a 10-minute average value.
( )
N
n X
X
N
n

=
=
1
180 / 150
min 10
N can deviate from the nominal value of 200 since the 150/180-period average
values and the 10-minute time period are not synchronised.
PQI-DA
70
9.2.4.4 2-hour average values
The 2-hour average values are calculated from the twelve 10-minute average va-
lues that occur in every 2-hour interval. The 2-hour limits of the system time are
calculated simultaneously, and each 10-minute average value is included exactly
once in a 2-hour average value.
( )
12
12
1
min 10
2

=
=
n
h
n X
X
9.2.5 Network Frequency
The network frequency is calculated from the duration T of a whole number of
periods N within a maximum of 10 seconds, using
T
N
f
s
=
10
The 10-minute and 2-hour values of the network frequency are calculated as
linear average values.
9.2.6 Spectral Analysis
Please also refer to: EN 61000-4-30:2008
The direct Fourier transform (DFT) spectra of all the phase voltages and input
currents are calculated from the 2048 sampling values of each input quantity as
10/12-period values per fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The spectra of the
linked quantities are calculated from the spectra of the measured quantities.
The spectral r.m.s. values for measurement quantities which have to be deduced
(since they are not otherwise available) are treated in the same way as the r.m.s.
values calculated directly from the sampling values.
The imaginary components of the discrete spectrum are contained in the fre-
quencies

PQI-DA
S
k
T
k
f =
where k = 0, 1,....1023
The nth order harmonic represents the spectral component with index
N n k =
where N = number of sampled periods per synchronisation period (10 or 12).
The spectral values are separated by 5 Hz at the nominal value of the network
frequency. The imaginary DFT spectral components C
k
are dened by
{ } ( )

=

=
1024
sin
1024
1
Re
2047
0
m k
m x C
m
k
{ } ( )

=

=
1024
cos
1024
1
Im
2047
0
m k
m x C
m
k
9.2.6.1 Complex harmonics

Absolute value of the complex harmonics n
{ } { }
k k n
C C C
2 2
12 / 10
Im Re + =

with k = n N
The analogue frequency responses of the measurement channels are compen-
sated using the correction factor tables.
The correction factors are calculated using
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2 1 1
k k k k
b b a a A + + + =
and
PQI-DA
72
c
k
k
f
f
=
where
f
c
= limit frequency
a
1
, a
2
, b
2
= lter coefcients
Phase of the complex harmonics n (with respect to reference value)
( )
{ }
{ }

=

k
k
n
C
C
C arc
Re
Im
arctan
12 / 10

{ } 0 Re >
k
C fr
( )
{ }
{ }
+

=

k
k
n
C
C
C arc
Re
Im
arctan
12 / 10

{ } 0 Re <
k
C fr
( ) { } ) Im (
2
12 / 10 k n
C Sgn C arc =

{ } 0 Re =
k
C fr
where k = n N
9.2.6.2 Phase difference between the reference voltge and the measurement
voltage (basic frequency)
The phase difference between the measurement voltages and the reference voltage
is calculated from the phase angle of the 10/12-period fundamental waves, when
the r.m.s. values exceed the corresponding signicance threshold C
sig
.
UC TVSIG C
sig
=
:
sig rms
C C

( ) ( )
12 / 10 1 12 / 10 1 12 / 10 1
= Cref arc C arc
:
sig rms
C C <

0
12 / 10 1
=

The 150/180-period,10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as linear average

values.

PQI-DA
9.2.6.3 Direction of the power ow of the harmonics
{ } { } { } { } ) Im Im Re Re (
n L n LN n L n LN n L
I U I U Sgn FD

+ =
U
LN-n
= complex harmonic n of the phase voltage and I
L-n
= complex harmonic n
of the conductor current (10/12-period values).
9.2.6.4 R.m.s. values of the harmonics
The two immediately neighbouring spectral components are also included in the
calculation of the r.m.s. value of a harmonic:

+
=

=
1
1
2
12 / 10
N n
N n k
k n
C C
The harmonics with n=1..50 are calculated.
The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values of the harmonics are also
dened as r.m.s. values.
9.2.6.5 R.m.s. values of the interharmonics
All the nonharmonic spectral components between order n and n+1 are grouped
under interharmonics of order n+0.5.

+
+ =
+
=
1 ) 1 (
1
2
12 / 10 5 . 0
N n
N n k
k n
C C
The interharmonics between 0+0.5..49+0.5 are calculated, and the 150/180-
period, 10-minute and 2-hour values of the harmonics are also dened as r.m.s.
values.
9.2.6.6 R.m.s. values of all the harmonics
The harmonic distortion is calculated for the phase voltages, delta voltages and
input currents using the 10/12-period values and the corresponding r.m.s. values
of the fundamental wave.
PQI-DA
74

=

=
40
2
2
12 / 10 12 / 10
n
n dis
C X
The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as r.m.s.
values.
9.2.6.7 Total Harmonic Distortion THD
:
min 1 12 / 10 1
C C

12 / 10 1
12 / 10
12 / 10

=
C
X
THD
dis
:
min 1 12 / 10 1
< C C

0
12 / 10
= THD
The 10/12-period values of the harmonics with n = 2..40, and the corresponding
r.m.s. values of the fundamental wave are used to calculate the harmonic distortion
for the phase voltages, delta voltages and input currents.
The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as r.m.s.
values.
9.2.6.8 Phase difference between the voltage and the current
(basic frequency)
Asymmetrical networks
:
min 12 / 10

L L
S S

( ) ( )
12 / 10 1 12 / 10 1 12 / 10
=
L LN L
I arc U arc
:
min 12 / 10
<
L L
S S

0
12 / 10
=
L
with
L Index of the conductor
U
LN-1-10/12
Complex fundamental wave of the phase voltage
I
L-1-10/12
Complex fundamental wave of the conductor current
Symmetrical networks with a phase voltage and current of the same conductor:
The value of the measured phase (see above) is also applied to the other two
phases.
Symmetrical networks whose voltage and current have different phases:
A correction angle is subtracted from the phase difference that is measured

PQI-DA
between the voltage and the current (see Table 1).
:
min 12 / 10

L L
S S

( ) ( ) =
12 / 10 1 12 / 10 1 12 / 10 1
I arc U arc
:
min 12 / 10
<
L L
S S

0
12 / 10 1
=

The value of the measured phase is also assigned to the other two phases
(see above).
Table 1 : Correction angle
I
1-10/12

U
1-10/12

I
1
I
2
I
3
U
1E
(0) 120 -120
U
2E
-120 (0) 120
U
3E
120 -120 (0)
U
12
30 150 -90
U
23
-90 30 150
U
31
150 -90 30
The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as linear
average values.
9.2.6.9 Direction of the rotating eld
Voltage transformer congurations 1..4 :
{ } { } { } { } ( )
1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
Im Re Re Im

=
N N N N
U U U U Sgn rot
red = +1 : Direction of the rotating eld = 123
red = -1 : Direction of the rotating eld = 321
U
LN-1
= complex fundamental wave of the phase voltage (10/12-period values)
Voltage transformer congurations 6..11 :
red = 0 : Direction of the rotating eld cannot be measured
PQI-DA
76
9.2.7 Active Powers
Asymmetrical networks:
The 10/12-period values of the active power of the phase are calculated from the
sampling values of a synchronisation cycle using
2048
) (
2048
1
12 / 10

=

=
n
L
L
n p
P
where L = phase index
The 10/12-period values of the active power of the network are dened using
12 / 10 3 12 / 10 2 12 / 10 1 12 / 10
+ + = P P P P
Symmetrical network with a phase voltage and a phase current of the same conductor L
n
:
The measured active power P
n
(see above) of phase L
n
is also applied to the two
unavailable phases.
12 / 10 12 / 10 3 12 / 10 2 12 / 10 1
= = =
n
P P P P
The active power of the network corresponds to the sum of the active powers of
the phases.
12 / 10 3 12 / 10 2 12 / 10 1 12 / 10
+ + = P P P P
Symmetrical networks whose voltage and current have different phases:
The active power of the network is calculated from the apparent network power
using
) cos(
12 / 10 1 12 / 10 12 / 10
= S P
where
11 . 2 . 9 . :
12 / 10
s S
7 . 6 . 2 . 9 . :
12 / 10 1
s

1/3 of the active power of the network is assigned to each of the active powers
of the phases:

PQI-DA
3
12 / 10
12 / 10 3 12 / 10 2 12 / 10 1
P
P P P = = =

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as linear ave-
rage values.
9.2.8 Active Energies
The sum of the 10/12-period values of the active power multiplied by the cor-
responding synchronisation cycle time is calculated. This represents the active
energies within a time interval dened by t
0
(reset time point) and t
m
(measurement
point) and is described using

=
=
m
n
S S m L
n T n P t t W
0
0
) ( ) ( ) , (
for the active energies of the phases. For the active energy of the network this
is
) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
0 3 0 2 0 1 0 m m m m
t t W t t W t t W t t W + + =
for the total active energy it is
( ) ( ) n P n P
L S 12 / 10
=
for the supplied active energies it is
( ) ( ) n P n P
L S 12 / 10
=

0 ) ( :
12 / 10

n P fr
L
0 ) ( = n P
S

0 ) ( :
12 / 10
<

n P fr
L
and for the drawn active energies it is
( ) ( ) n P n P
L S 12 / 10
=

0 ) ( :
12 / 10
<

n P fr
L
0 ) ( = n P
S

0 ) ( :
12 / 10

n P fr
L
9.2.9 Reactive Energies
The sum of the 10/12-period values of the reactive power multiplied by the cor-
responding synchronisation cycle time is calculated. This represents the reactive
energies within a time interval dened by t
0
(reset time point) and t
m
(measurement
point) and is described using

=
=
m
n
S S m L
n T n Q t t Wr
0
0
) ( ) ( ) , (
PQI-DA
78
for the reactive energies of the phases. For the reactive energy of the network
this is
) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
0 3 0 2 0 1 0 m m m m
t t Wr t t Wr t t Wr t t Wr + + =
for the total reactive energy it is
( ) ( ) n Q n Q
L S 12 / 10
=
for the supplied reactive energies it is
( ) ( ) n Q n Q
L S 12 / 10
=

0 ) ( :
12 / 10

n P fr
L
0 ) ( = n Q
S

0 ) ( :
12 / 10
<

n P fr
L
and for the drawn reactive energies it is:
( ) ( ) n Q n Q
L S 12 / 10
=

0 ) ( :
12 / 10
<

n P fr
L
0 ) ( = n Q
S

0 ) ( :
12 / 10

n P fr
L
9.2.10 Interval Average Values of the Active Powers
The average values of the active powers are calculated using any externally de-
ned time interval. The interval limits t
m
and t
n
can be specied using an external
synchronisation signal using either software or hardware. When the synchroni-
sation signal is detected the average value for the interval that has just ended is
calculated.
Active power of the phase:
m n
m L n L
LI
t t
t t W t t W
P

=
) , ( ) , (
0 0
Active power of the network:
m n
m n
I
t t
t t W t t W
P

=
) , ( ) , (
0 0

PQI-DA
9.2.11 Average Value of the Conductor Currents with the Sign of the Active
Power of the Network
The arithmetic mean is calculated from the 10/12-period r.m.s. values of the con-
ductor currents using
3
) (
12 / 10 3 12 / 10 2 12 / 10 1
12 / 10 12 / 10

+ +
=
rms rms rms
MS
I I I
P Sgn I
The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated from the cor-
responding current values.
9.2.12 Apparent Powers
Apparent powers of the phase:
12 / 10 12 / 10 12 / 10
=
Lrms LNrms L
I U S
Collective apparent power as specied in DIN40110 :

= I U S
12 / 10
Asymmetrical 4-phase networks:
( )
2
12 / 10 3
2
12 / 10 2
2
12 / 10 1
2
12 / 10 31
2
12 / 10 23
2
12 / 10 12
4
1

+ + + + + =
Nrms Nrms Nrms rms rms rms
U U U U U U U
2
12 / 10
2
12 / 10 3
2
12 / 10 2
2
12 / 10 1
+ + + =
Nrms rms rms rms
I I I I I
Asymmetrical 3-phase networks:
( )
2
12 / 10 31
2
12 / 10 23
2
12 / 10 12
3
1

+ + =
rms rms rms
U U U U
2
12 / 10 3
2
12 / 10 2
2
12 / 10 1
+ + =
rms rms rms
I I I I
Symmetrical network:
12 / 10
=
LLrms
U U
12 / 10
3

=
Lrms
I I
responding voltage and current values.
PQI-DA
80
9.2.13 Reactive Powers
( )
2
12 / 10
2
12 / 10 12 / 10 12 / 10
=
L L L L
P S Sgn Q
( )
2
12 / 10
2
12 / 10 12 / 10 1 12 / 10
P S Sgn Q =

responding values of the active powers, apparent powers and the phase ang-
les.
9.2.14 Active Factors
:
min 180 / 150

L L
S S

180 / 150
180 / 150
180 / 150

=
L
L
L
S
P
PF
:
min 180 / 150
<
L L
S S

1
180 / 150
=
L
PF
:
min 180 / 150
S S

180 / 150
180 / 150
180 / 150
S
P
PF =
:
min 180 / 150
S S <

1
180 / 150
= PF
The 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated from the corresponding values
for the active powers and apparent powers.
9.2.15 Reactive Factors
:
min 180 / 150

L L
S S

180 / 150
180 / 150
180 / 150

=
L
L
L
S
Q
QF
:
min 180 / 150
<
L L
S S

0
180 / 150
=
L
QF
:
min 180 / 150
S S

180 / 150
180 / 150
180 / 150
S
Q
QF =
:
min 180 / 150
S S <

0
180 / 150
= QF
for the reactive powers and apparent powers.

PQI-DA
9.2.16 Active Factor Display Function
The active factors between
0 (cap.) ... +1 ... 0 (ind.) and 0 (cap.) ... -1 ... 0 (ind.)
are mapped onto Y = -1 ... 0 ... +1 irrespective of what is drawn / supplied.
) 1 ( ) ( ) (
180 / 150 180 / 150 180 / 150 180 / 150
=
L L L L
PF Sgn P Sgn Y
) 1 ( ) ( ) (
180 / 150 180 / 150 1 180 / 150 180 / 150
PF Sgn P Sgn Y =

of the active powers, active factors and the phase angles.
9.2.17 Flicker Magnitude
The short-term icker magnitude P
st
(10 minutes) and the long-term icker ma-
gnitude P
lt
(2-hours) are calculated for the phase and delta voltages. P
st
and P
lt

are dened in EN 61000-4-15.
In symmetrical networks, the measured values are applied to the quantities that
are not available (see section 7.1.4).
9.2.18 Asymmetrical Voltage
Voltage transformer congurations 1..5:
10-minute average values can be formed for the fundamental wave r.m.s. values
of the delta voltages. These 10-minute average values are used to calculate the
voltage symmetry.
:
2
min 1
2
1 31
2
1 23
2
1 12
+ + C U U U

+

=
1
1
u
u
where
2 2
1 31
2
1 23
2
1 12
4
1 31
4
1 23
4
1 12
) (
6 3

+ +
+ +
=
U U U
U U U
:
2
min 1
2
1 31
2
1 23
2
1 12
< + + C U U U

0 =
u
u
Voltage transformer congurations 6..11:
0 =
u
u
PQI-DA
82
10. Commissioning
10.1 Safety Information
Before you begin to use the device, you should be aware of some of the dangers
that may occur if the device is used improperly.
The device belongs to safety class I. Please connect the devices protective
earth conductor to your systems earthing system before the device is con-
nected to a voltage supply.
The device may not be used to carry out measurements on circuits that contain
corona discharges.
The device must be removed from the network immediately if it is determined
that the device can no longer be operated safely due to a mechanical or elec-
trical fault.
Please note: if the Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder is installed
in a housing, the secondary circuits of the current transformer must be short-
circuited before the terminal connections of the current transformer are removed
from the device. Devices in 19 enclosures are protected against short circuits
via a device built in to the terminal block. The modules can be plugged in and
out at will without having to short circuit the current transformer(s) rst.
Please note that there is a danger to life wherever a voltage with an amplitude
> 30 V r.m.s. is present.
10.2 Procedure
Preparation:
Please look at the nameplate and conrm that the supplied device conforms to
your requirements.
Is the voltage supply correct?
Information: Changes to the voltage supply range can only be carried out in
our factory.
Are the measurement quantities for the input current (1A/5A) of the applica-
tion correct?
Are the voltage and current connected correctly?
Check the connection using the phase powers. All the powers must have
the same sign (plus or minus). It should be a plus + if energy is being
drawn, and minus - if energy is being supplied.
If the polarities are not the same, the error is usually due to the current con-
nections being incorrect.
Part of the WinPQ program is specically designed for the parameterisation and
programming of the analogue outputs, binary inputs and the LEDs.

PQI-DA
11. Applications
11.1 Application-Specic Programming
Programs for specic tasks can either be written yourself using REG-L or can be
requested from our headquarters.
An example of an application-specic program is shown in section 2.3.
12. Updating the Firmware
The PQI-DA must be disconnected from the power supply before updating the
rmware.
The reset button must remain pressed in when the voltage supply is connected.
The status LED changes colour to indicate that the device is in the update
mode.
If it is red, it means the device is ready to be updated.
The rmware update must be carried out directly on the device itself, and requires
the following steps:
Establish a physical connection between the PQI-D and the zero modem
cable.
The program COMM.EXE can be found in the Firmware folder, which is
located in the directory containing the WinPQ program. To upload the new
rmware, select a transfer speed of 115 baud and RTS/CTS for the hard-
ware protocol.
Then switch the station into the rmware upload mode (by pressing the
reset button for at least 5 seconds), and the status LED changes to red.
Select Terminal / Send rmware with reset in the menu of the COMM.EXE
program.
The familiar Windows Open le dialogue is displayed. Use this to open the
correct rmware le (e.g. PQI-UU.MOT). The data transfer begins immedia-
tely and the progress of the upload can be seen in the programs status bar.
Verify the version number once the upload is complete (3 to 5 minutes).
When the VER command is issued, the system replies (for example):
PQI-DA: Version 2.0.10 from 23.07.04
Finally enter SYSRESET=590 and the station will restart. The status LED
will light up again after approximately 8 seconds.
The stations parameterisation can then also be remotely restored using the PQPa-
ra section of the program.
PQI-DA
84
13. Scope of Delivery
PQI-D corresponding to the characteristics specication
Operating manual
Supplement
14. Storage Information
The devices should be stored in clean, dry rooms. The devices and their respective
replacement modules can be stored between -25 C and +65 C.
The relative humidity must not cause the formation of either condensation or
ice.
We recommend that the storage temperature remains between +0 C to +55 C
to ensure that the built-in electrolytic capacitor does not age prematurely.
We also recommend that the device be connected to an auxiliary voltage every
two years to reform the electrolytic capacitors. This procedure should also be
carried out before the device is put into operation. Under extreme climatic condi-
tions (tropics), this also simultaneously ensures pre-heating and helps to avoid
the formation of condensation.
The device should be stored in the service room for at least two hours prior to
being connected to the voltage for the rst time so that it can become accus-
tomed to the ambient temperature there and to avoid the formation of moisture
and condensation.
15. Guarantee
The guarantee is valid for three years from the date of delivery.

PQI-DA
CHARACTERISTIC CODE
Power Quality Interface
for medium and high voltage systems
according to DIN EN-50160 und IEC 61000-4-30 (class A)
with 4 binary in- and outputs plus life-contact
with two E-LAN interfaces for communication with
other REGSys- components like REG-D(A), PAN-D, REG-DP(A)
as wall- and/or DIN-rail mounting enclosure (204x142x132) mm
PQI-DA
Power Supply:
AC 85V..110V..264V oder DC
88V..220V..280V
DC 18V...60V...72V
H0
H1
Input Conguration:
4 VTs
2 x 4 VTs
4 VTs, 4 CTs In=1 A (Imax < 2x In)
4 VTs, 4 CTs In=1 A (Imax < 20 x In)
4 VTs, 4 CTs In= 5 A (Imax < 2 x In)
4 VTs, 4 CTx In= 5 A (Imax < 20 x In)
C00
C10
C20
C21
C30
C31
Additional Interface:
as RS 232 (COM 2)
as COM-Server (RJ 45)

T0
T1
Rated Input Values:
100/110V
230/400V
other rated values (e.g. 4 x 100V and 4 x 400V)
Please note: E9 can only be chosen together with C10!!
E1
E2
E9
Binary Inputs:
4 programmable binary inputs (AC/DC 48250V)
4 programmable binary inputs (DC 1048V)
4 programmable binary inputs with other input voltages
M1
M2
M9
Operating Manual: German
English
French
Spanish
Italian
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
16. Ordering Information
When ordering please note:
Only one code with the same capital letter is possible
If the capital letter is followed by the number 9, additional details in plain text
are required
If the capital letter is followed by 0, the code can be omitted.
PQI-DA
86
CHARACTERISTIC CODE
Software WinPQ
in order to parameterize, to archive and evaluate PQI-DA measured values,
with the following basic functions:
32-bit Windows programming interface
SQL-data base for the recording of the measured values per measuring
point
Data access via TCP/IP
All measured values can be visualized both as a function of time and as
statistical gure
One further licence is included in the price
WinPQ
Licences as licence for 2 PQI-D
as licence for 2 to 10 PQI-D
as licence for more than 10 PQI-D
L0
L1
L2
Language German
English
A1
A2
Additional licence for WinPQ for up to three PCs
Software ParaPQ
in order to parameterize PQI-DA and to read-out PQI-DA measured values
as single licence
ParaPQ
Additional licence for ParaPQ
ACCESSORIES CODE
TCP/IP Adapter; bit rate 10 Mbit REG-COM
DIN-rail 35 mm with power supply unit AC 230 V A01
TCP/IP Adapter; with extended bit rate 100 Mbit A90
radio clock DCF 77 111.9024
USB- Adapter for zero- modem cable 111.9046
Tele- or Least-Line-Modem, industrial version
power supply AC20..264V/ DC14..280V
111.9030.17
IRIG-DCF77 - Converter (10 TE) IRIG-DCF
AC 85V ... 110V ... 264V / DC 88V ... 220V ... 280V
DC 18V ... 60V ... 72V
H1
H2
as wall mounting version 20TE B2
Instruction manual
German
English
G1
G2

PQI-DA
B627D201-04.indd
berreicht durch:
A.Eberle GmbH & Co. KG
Aalener Str. 30/32
D-90441 Nrnberg
Tel.: +49 (0) 911 / 62 81 08-0
Fax: +49 (0) 911 / 62 81 08 96
http://www.a-eberle.de
info@a-eberle.de
PQI-DA

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Version Nov. 2009

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9.2.6.1 Complex harmonics

The 150/180-period,10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as linear average

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