Honors Chemistry Unit 6: States of Matter

Name: _____________________________

Reading a Solubility Curve

The curve shows the # of grams of solute in a saturated solution containing !! m" or !! g of water at a certain tem#erature$ %ny amount of solute &elow the line indicates the solution is unsaturated at a certain tem#erature %ny amount of solute a&ove the line in which all of the solute has dissolved shows the solution is su#ersaturated$ 'f the amount of solute is a&ove the line &ut has not all dissolved( the solution is saturated and the # grams of solute settled on the &ottom of the container ) total # g in solution * # g of a saturated solution at that tem#erature$ +according to the curve, Solutes whose curves move u#ward wincreased tem#erature are ty#ically solids &-c the solu&ility of solids increases w- increased tem#erature$ Solutes whose curves move downward wincreased tem#erature are ty#ically gases &-c the solu&ility of gases decreases with increased tem#erature$
Solubility Curves of Pure Substances

150

140

130

KI

120

110

100

NaNO3

grams solute per 100 grams H2O

90

KNO3
80

70

60

NH3

NH4Cl

50

KCl

40

NaCl

30

20

KClO3
10

Types of Solubility Problems:

$ %t !oC( .! g of NaN/0 will dissolve in !! m" +a saturated solution,

Ce2(SO4)3
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature/Celsuis

1$ To find the # grams needed to saturate a solution when the volume is N/T !! m" use the following strategy to find answer: m" H1/) g H1/ a$, How many grams of NaN/0 will dissolve in 2! m" of water at ! oC3 2! m" H1/ 4 .! g NaN/0 ) 5! g NaN/0 needed to saturate solution !! m" H1/ &$, How many grams of NaN/0 will dissolve in 1!! m" of water at ! oC3 1!! m" H1/ 4 .! g NaN/0 ) 6! g NaN/0 !! g H1/

Honors Chemistry Unit 6: States of Matter

Name: _____________________________

Practice Reading Solubility Curves

$ 6hich of the salts shown on the gra#h is the least solu&le in water at ! oC3 1$ 6hich of the salts shown on the gra#h has the greatest increase in solu&ility as the tem#erature increases from 0! degrees to 6! degrees3 0$ 6hich of the salts has its solu&ility affected the least &y a change in tem#erature3 5$ %t 1!oC( a saturated solution of sodium nitrate contains !! grams of solute in !! ml of water$ How many grams of sodium chlorate must &e added to saturate the solution at 2!oC3 2$ %t what tem#erature do saturated solutions of #otassium nitrate and sodium nitrate contain the same weight of solute #er !! m" of water3 6$ 6hat two salts have the same degree of solu&ility at
grams solute per 100 grams H2O 130 120 150

Solubility Curves of Pure Substances

140

KI

110

100

NaNO3

a##ro4imately 7oC3 8$ How many grams of #otassium chlorate must &e added to liter of water to #roduce a saturated solution at 2! C3 .$ % saturated solution of #otassium nitrate is #re#ared at 6!oC using !!$m" of water$ How many grams of solute will #reci#itate out of solution if the tem#erature is suddenly cooled to 0! C3 7$ 'f 2!$ m" of water that is saturated with 9Cl/0 at 12oC is slowly eva#orated to dryness( how many grams of the dry salt would &e recovered3 !$ Thirty grams of 9Cl are dissolved in !! m" of water at 52 C$ How many additional grams of 9Cl are needed to ma:e the solution saturated at .!oC3
o o o

90

KNO3
80

70

60

NH3

NH4Cl

50

KCl
40

NaCl

30

20

KClO3
10

Ce2(SO4)3
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature/Celsuis

$ %re the following solutions saturated( unsaturated or su#ersaturated +assume that all three could form su#ersaturated solutions, a$ 5!$ g of 9Cl in !! m" of water at .!oC &$ 1!$ g of 9N/0 in !! m" of water at 6!oC c$ .!$ g of NaN/0 in !! m" of water at !oC 1$ %ssume that a solu&ility curve for a gas such as car&on dio4ide( at one atmos#here of #ressure( was #lotted on the solu&ility curve gra#h$ ;eading from left to right( would this curve would _____ a$ slo#e u#ward &$ slo#e downward c$ go straight across