Construction Stage Analysis For Tunnelling

Construction Stage Analysis for Tunnelling
10th MIDAS International Technical Seminar
JaeSeok Yang
2013. 11. 05
MIDAS Information Technology

Part 1. Introduction Part 2. Tunnel construction ......... 02 ......... 11
Part 3. Simulation of the construction process ......... 17
Part 4. Project Applications

Part 5. Conclusion
......... 31
......... 38
Introduction
Geotechnical & Tunnel analysis System
Why use numerical methods to analyse tunnel construction?

Simulate the construction sequence Deal with complex ground conditions Model realistic soil behaviour Handle complex hydraulic conditions Deal with ground treatment (e.g. compensation grouting) Account for adjacent services and structures Simulate intermediate and long term conditions Deal with multiple tunnels
3/40
Introduction
Why midas GTS?
Can unconventional Tunnel Intersections be modeled?

Yes, tunnels with unconventional connection galleries can be modeled with the esse ntial tools provided.
All types of T-type/Y-type intercon nections, curved tunnels, shaft-lat eral-main tunnel connections, tun nel entrances, even subway station s can be easily modeled in detail.
4/40
Introduction
Why midas GTS?
Can Shield TBM be modeled?

Yes, TBM modeling, considering excavation sequences, is available.
Automated and realistic construction st age definition for sequential activation and deactivation of excavation segmen ts, structural parts, loads and boundary conditions.
5/40
Introduction
Curve Modeling
Tunnel Section
Curve Types
Line Arc Circle Ellipse Parabola Hyperbola B-Spline Poyline Rectangle Polygon Profile Tunnel Section
B-Spline
3C
3C+I
5C
5C+I
Tunnel Section
Polyline
Line
6/40
Introduction
Import (Geometry)
Data Exchange
IGES Geometry
Generated Mesh
Export (Geometry)
Standards for Data Exchange STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product Model Data) IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) STL (STereo Lithography) De facto standard for RP Neutral Format File ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
7/40
Introduction
Advanced Geometry Modeling
8/40
Introduction
Tunnel Modeling Wizard
GTS provides Tunnel Modeling Wizard for simple and regular-type 3D tunnel models. Tunnel Modeling Wizard automatically generates full analysis data, mesh, loads, boundary conditions and construction stages, from the user-defined parameters. Tunnel Modeling Wizard also provides its own file I/O service to help users accelerate modeling works for similar models and build their own tunnel templates.
Tunnel modeling Wizard
Generated Analysis Model (Mesh, LBC, CS, etc.)
9/40
Introduction
Tunnel Modeling Wizard
Complete Model Generated by Tunnel Wizard
Analysis Data
Result Summary
Front View
Iso View
Core + S/C + R/B
10/40


Part 5. Conclusion
......... 31
......... 38
Tunnel construction
Introduction
Most common tunnel excavation techniques

Open faced shield tunnelling Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM), including slurry shield and Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) tunnelling The sprayed concrete lining (SCL) method
12/40
Tunnel construction
Open faced shield tunnelling
Schematic view of shielding during tunnel excavation
13/40
Tunnel construction
Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM)
Schematic view of the TBM
14/40
Tunnel construction
The sprayed concrete lining (SCL) method
Schematic view of SCL method
15/40
Tunnel construction
Ground response to tunnel construction
Sources of volume loss (example of the TBM)

16/40


Part 5. Conclusion
......... 31
......... 38
Simulation of the construction process
Introduction
Axi-symmetric geometry
Plane strain geometry
18/40
Setting up the initial conditions

If it is known: Modelling the complete geological history of the site If it is not known: Input the conditions appropriate to a greenfield site (by means of the material unit weight, the pore water pressure profile and the coefficient of earth pressure at rest, K0) Simulating any previous construction activities that have occurred at the site
19/40
Important boundary conditions

The boundary displacement conditions, required to represent the far field conditions or any symmetry of the problem Any surface traction The excavation of solid soil elements The construction of structural shell elements The hydraulic conditions at the far field boundaries, the soil strata interfaces (if an interface is between consolidating and non-consolidating elements) and the tunnel lining itself
20/40
Modelling tunnel excavation
The 'gap' method
The gap method for modelling tunnel excavation
21/40
The 'convergence-confinement' method
Convergence-confinement method
22/40

Transient Seepage Analysis Control
Drag & Drop Tree Structure Initial & Embanking Excavation
Load Distribution Factors

23/40
The 'progressive softening' method
Progressive softening method
24/40
The 'volume loss control' method
Volume loss method
25/40
Modelling the tunnel lining
The use of solid elements

Allows the analyst a very wide range of constitutive models Maintain an acceptable element shape (defined by the aspect ratio of length to width)
The use of shell elements

Removes the problem of aspect ratio control Allows more flexibility in the mesh definition A structural nature (i.e. shear force, hoop force, and bending moment)
26/40
Gauging element
Gauging Element Generation
Gauging Element Results

27/40
Modelling the connections between lining segments
Modelling segment connection as a moment-free joint
Unrolled and rolled tunnel lining
28/40
Shell interface element
Input properties of the shell interface element
Input dialog for user-defined shell interface behavior
29/40
Shell interface element
Example of shell interface element creation
30/40


Part 5. Conclusion
......... 31
......... 38
Project Applications
32/40
Kings Cross Station

(UK)
33/40
Trans-Hudson Express & Station Cavern (USA)
34/40
Trans-Hudson Express Dyer Avenue Fan Plant (USA)
35/40
Helsinki Subway Western Expansion

(Finland)
36/40
Final Disposal Facility Posivas ONKALO (Finland)
37/40


Part 5. Conclusion
......... 31
......... 38
Conclusion
Summary
A three dimensional engineering process Methods of simulating tunnel construction in plane strain: the volume loss to be expected; the percentage of load removal prior to lining construction; or the actual displacement of the tunnel boundary Segmental linings to open or rotate at their joints, or sprayed concrete linings to crack View any prediction of intermediate and long term behaviour Select constitutive models capable of reproducing field behaviour FEM can be used to quickly assess the impact of different influences on tunnelling-induced ground movements Numerical analysis can incorporate adjacent influences
39/40
Thank you!

Construction Stage Analysis For Tunnelling

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Construction Stage Analysis for Tunnelling

10th MIDAS International Technical Seminar

MIDAS Information Technology