tudent's Book

with JaynWi|dmen

c oo o
oxroRD

Kathy Gude

New
Upper-lntermediate

trre

Student's Book
withJaynWildman

Kathy&ud

oxroRD
UNI\/RSITY

PRss

a Powrxa''ittlg7s

images NturI adir sk]m xam trining: knnInq Exam trining: w]d' r;: o v: Thntura| Suffies ndfis hdlines R: /athing 4
Happiness xmtrining: \!zl. ng v: rssing iiingj Words tht go togIhr sUmm]s R: N,4athin8 16

simp|c' pedPt ) mp|nd p>t Pr>| lrmp|nd ( OntinUous: Pr\PnlrlPl resentprftWith whn,it',untiI

2 lt.'r

.eoctno',s

Gunds dinfinitivs

- a ta|k imags [: Photographi statmnts Y5/no Not takin8 xm trining: strss P: Word p|y jobs S: Ro| img bsd disussin Stimulus I prsona| xpr|ne wor|ds_ [: Diffrent 0rdring in{ormtin trining: Exam questions training: Tru orflse Exm s: Dlsu55|on _ glob|isation disussion StimuIus-bsd Soa$ Onevision z0 pro8rmm rad|o L: ResUe_ pressions form words P: Wk questions N,4uItipl hoie trining: Exm Givin8 prsnttion xm trining: p| Ro| S: Prb|m.so|ving' presntation Givin8 5hort 34 of the press opinions L: Thpowr tOr mnin8 str55 P: Using |tip| mthin8 trining: |\4U am t n audien Speaking Eam t]aining: _ thmedi disUssion s: stimUlUs-basd D|5Usslon 46

3AllIping''or,d

wor|d h natur| qustions Em tining:j or f|s v: Gpiii\ ndtool qust!ons R: u or f|s

30 4 vledi qttls
Th troul with V Emtaiig: \. JI,OP (.o|(qU[ i on \ v: no d] t]Ustios R: \1UIt]l.(n0i(

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scoris

out of lndi qustions u f|s Exm tining: V: F iIm .m kin g qusi!os orfls R: Tru

Past s|mp|, Narrativ tenss: prft pst sjm| ontinUoUs, st andontI nUoU5 dvrb luss

56 6}''/sr'.d''d ittlogtitltiot Th MrClst qustions l\lu tip].hoi Exm triing: v: I\,4stry ndimgitin qUstions R: l\,4uIt]p|.hoi 68 xtreme sports N,lthing hadings Exm training: V: Leisur tivitis ndmovemnt spd R: |Vthing hdings a2 |o'w,, Nightlights issus v: nvironmnt| mni8 Verbs With negtiv forspeifi informtion R: Rdig 94 gWisdotttot I',owredge d visuaIonepts v: Undrstnding R: athing dsriptions 108

58
Pastm0d|s Logi| XpItions

- intrviW th strotypes L: ting sounds P: VOW| mke st1ments thspkrs Identifyin8 Eam training: fi|lrs m training; Using fi||rs s: t]sing prsentat|on short song:Mone,mone'mon 60 fition intrviw L: Sin P: S ound nd s sp ||i g sentns trining: 0m|ting xam {|ings andopinins 5: prssing lnti0n5 su885tin8 _ spa expIortion disussion stimUlUs.bsed 72 _ phone |l Lndmarks L: London nUnmnt5 Understnding youprfer whih 5: Saing _ turism disussion stimUIUs-basd 86 sh0w L: PoI s part! hat P: HOmohon s H0monyms 5: speU|at|ng Priritisig hdI ns Intrprtin8 98 progrmme for th brain rdi L: Good letters P: Silnt a prsnttion s: Brainstorming presnttiOn Givin8 112 prin L: optingout_ prsona| sounds P: VoW| p|ay Ro| xam trining: _ a dision p| s; Role song.' ^lmory 124
l0loms

Page68

70 h pass|ve ausaliv hIv/g|

7 LeG'srivelix1tl!

u
thtutUr of t|king about Ways Words Examtrainingixtr

8 a n Go tI, 1' t, k,

96 T hird ondition| ndr8rts Wi5hs

110

aioDividdro5rlties

II Lovonqurs V: Love Uss of make nouns tt,4sulin andfminine qusti0n5 R: N,4U|tipIe-hoi 120

: = u l t ur ef o ( u s , [ = L i s te n i n g'R:=Ra din g's:=sP ea kin g,v:=vo bulryP:=Pronuniation

ili

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6rmmr :.;nt prft simp| ndpst slmp|' snt perft With whn, if, until; pdt Prsnt simpIe ndntinuous skills Rding / Listning / Writing 12 Grmm] Gerund r infinitiv Skills Spking / Writing / Listning 24

Vrbs andprepositions prfixs Ngtiv Word building Phrs| verbs 14 xpressing flings dvrbs Using points Exprssing tWO f view

: Images of lreIand

R: hL oJ Pi byYnn|\4rt|I

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i i n g . ' . l ; * . .
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26 Word building prob|ms nvironmentaI Adjetives WithJss anJ ul go Words tht together R: h hirorninesteps byJohnBuhan

frnng n informaI Ittr nd nots : : : s: o t] d iffi trining:In|uding a||th nsr . - : - - i i o n

Grmmr Hbit5 Skills Rading / Writing / Ltning

rii ltt*: dription o{ an evnt ffi

38

40 Vrbs withdifferent manings NWsppers TVpro8rmmes : YoungpeopIe nd the medi

':] :.;

trinig:imingyourwriting

Grmmr R|ativ ndnoun |uss 5kills Rading / Listning / Writing 50 Grammr pst Nrrativ tnss: Pst simp|, ontinUoUs, prfet ndontinuous 5imp|e i]st Advrb luss skills Spaking / Listning / Writing

4l il.{ n ssy arguing for and against :flm training:Lookin8 t bothsidesof n

52 Word building Phrsl vrbs Prp05|tl0n5 gotOgther Words tht jobs Ski||s ndqu|ities ndd in dif{renl 66 Prpos|1|ons vrb hright Wrds With opposit menings 0rdrf ad1tives
R: Th \ound Mohie by Roa|dDah|

]
lr!m dttive story ': : . n v e s t igt io n irm triing:Writing ffiv|y

Grmmar Pst mod|s Logi| pIantions Skills Listning / Writing / Rding

ilnmg a reviw : - in Blk :lm your trining: hinkin8 about intndd

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t il*| personal statmrnt nd Ietter :: ..|o j o b

Grammr Pa5sIv alsaIi\t h1/gt Skills Reding / Writing / Listning 90

Wordstht 80 to8thr pressi0ns With l],ye Adjeivs posIt]o5 WrdbuiIding 92 Fjom0nms Th rightwords

; he Britishnd theirrs

im tining:HighIightin8 information

Grmmar Wys thefutur of t|king about Skills Writing / Reding 102 Grammar Third onditional Wishs andr8rts skills Rding / Writing / Listning 116 Grmmr Rpodd 5h Skills Listening / Wriling

R: Fohrnheit 451 bv Rv Brdburv

'nf l iltitg boutdt . ]]:* t t i tu d s in'm tnining:Presenting data

104

Word building Phrsl verbs With rdke Prpositions g0tOgether tht Words 118
l d r oms Prp05|t]o5 Words that 80 to8thr pressiOns With fldke R. h htg oI th Light Brigod bv Alfrd Lordnnvsn

iint.}g

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sy

128

130

1 Lookt th piturs. Whyis pparn important to nimaIs nd to pople?

Rading
Titl: Skimreading quikl through mans reding a tt to gt gnraI youforanswring hisprpars idaof whtit is about. mor dtai|d ustions, Skimradth ttand mathhedings _to pargraphs 1-5. a Inspiration d pp| b Sfty |nvisibiIit Vrlt tit|for the txt? 3 what wouldbe a suitbI 1 surroundd-by'ii.gl]: Whrvr w look nowadaysW ar world. W s thm today,s of fatuI; a onstant il;;;'; Howvr, not all of on TV at th inma, in magazins. bings.Natur itslf has thm hav bn ratdby huan imags,and th varity ratdsom of th most bautiful Ovr millions of yars' of imags in natur is normous. .look,..Thre ar thr ow .u.rl ,fr..i" s has developedits natural imags. *ui'l *u,o's for this divrsity of 2 vIy d'I*':"j.'^Y-::1.:^ Lt,s bgin by looking tw9 hav.volvd to look insts '::: Stik stik inst and th ti!r. For amongst. liv thy lavs and xatly lik th brans thir nmis is ssntial thm, th ability to hid from offrs thm th only bausthy ar small and mouflg only small raturs not *uy .o prott thmslves. Yt it,s do too, but in a that us amouflag. Larg mammals xampl, hav StripS to totally diffrnt way. Tigis, for whr thy an launh hid thmslvs in ,n" ,.g grass, mad it possibl fr thir attaks on thir p,"y. o.,flag huntIs. tigrsto bom sussful isn't'th" But hiding from thir prdatoIs :-}Y.::ii.: from ntral and armadillo Th survival. thir an nsur prottdb thik pis.of South Amria, for xampl,is around its tlody. Th hard bon whih to'* u shll armourd m1hi1 l':i.i armadillo looks mor lik an Or lt,s tak a rnr animal. an ,.i.,'." fi.tion fllm than is a muh smallr animal, ommon xampl. Th hdghog sharp Spint a has provido it it ot of Long, .,i ''u',,," itsIffrom its nmis' to prott

Sanning quikIy mns Iooking through tt without rading yound. Ver sntn to findthinformtion This quik|y. information h|ps mor outo finddtiled

4 Santh textand find th answrs to th qustions.

do w m ross imas? What 1 Whr arthsours imags? f ths Whyhav insts dv|opd stik thirimag? Hav forthsamrson? tigrs volvd strips Wht dos thrmadiIIo usto prott itseIf? What othr wys spis ussimilr of prottion? p| Wht importnt r| dos imag in th|if of poks? \Vhr oftn Iook do popl forfshion ids?

{D

Yoahlary
he naturalorld
th meaning of the wordsin itliaording to howthyar usdin 5 xp|ain th txt. tht mean: 6 Santh txtand find wordsor phrases (paragraph f diffrnt typs 1 a numbr of somthing 1) (pargraph group p|nts 1) of nimIs or 2 a thtshr thsam hartristis grdu|Iy 2) frm simpI form(prgrph to mor omp|x 3 dvIop (pragrph whr 4 b in p|a bsn 2) ouannot (prgrph or sombody 2) 5 kp smthing sf (paragrph that is ki||d 2) andatn byothr nimals 6 n nimaI (paragrph thtki||s ndats 7 n anim| thr nimals ) f| thtth|ik someon 4) 8 mak ou(pragrph (paragrph sussful thnothrs 4) 9 be mor

'i. :l

volution
in Iist1 to thosin list2 thtrsimi|r thverbs in maning. 7 Math
1 prott VOIV

provid ttrt rt dvlop dfnd

at t r at { mal s 1 p h e n s ) mat i n g s a s o n . M a n y th ', . :-:1 g ... animals us thir imag to to gt ,', ]f,} to potntial mats and . - .d of thir rivals. . io . :-' enimal,s appaan seds out a hir imag -. ilportt mSSg. -.'l.'s ihm to hid, to dfnd W .rslvs or to flnd patnrs. ou ' ..:lans hav stoln may of '".-lr imags from wildlif ov th of rrrilitary -=nturis. Just think -1lloLtI for xarnpl, o th faths skin :. xpnsiv hats, lopad amouflag :'ris, punk hairstyls, fur... th list is ndlss. ..-.1'',.,,,-fuk it .r fat, whn it oms to fshion-, nas ).ms as if th human ra . trm =ernd vrything it knows _ - lston s ou r n at ur .

th ..'.r.s varity of imags. For to 1''.s to surviv it,s not nough it,s . .: from prdators. Somtims rowd. th i out . -.tu,.t to stnd , - ,.uks, for i n st an , d v l o p d .:.: tlaordinary blu and grn

.- is yt anothr rason for

ofIer

form . ppal

1_5Withthe orrt sntnes form of a verbfrom Iist1 in 7 bov, 8 omp|t prposition' Morethnone prposition mayb orret. and a suitbl thhdghog spins. ] Natur has oatof |ong, sharp thatour Univrs expIosion a||d b|iv ws hug 2 Sintists th BigBng. butv Vls|to rr s Lk B|d bus of itsnaturl 3 |\4n wasthfirst to Iim r a spis 4 Drwin thtthhumn of nim|. prdators insts ar |ik twigs. 5 Stik baus thy|ook

suffixgs and profix

fromthsnounsb adding-ful andIor./ess. Thnsanthe 9 Formadjetivs find what th adjetives textand dsrib. 4 ount 1 h|p 5 wondr 2 p 3 worth t CI writwordswith of 1-7. .l nturI 2 ssntiaI 3 possibI 4 sussfuI prefi, (un-, ngativ im-, in-) whihmnth opposit 5 ommon 6 importnt 7 xpnsiv

with it. and sywhy ou agre/disgr hoos on of th statmnts beIow judg Youan|wys a prson by hisor hrappran. o It's wwrbuthoww writ thtmattrs. ntwhat . Butv is onlvskindp.

Presentperfetsimpl and past si mp l

li:-.. 't;--.i..l+'':.iqj.:....l;l..ffi Exp|ain why threof thssntns re inorrt. ,l l'vWorn a nwdrss, sterdY. 2 N4 frinds Iughed whn thsawm|dtirs. 3 Jn didn't buynbrand nm |oths, t't. justIost 4 Jmi hiswlIt. In pairs, firstanswr the qustions, thn radth txt.D Davand th writrsay? ou agrwith whatKeIly, Wh/why not? ,1 Wht is brnd nm? 2 Wht do outhinkmks |oths ndothr thinss with brnd nms so popu|ar? Rad thtxtagain. UndrIine th xamp|s f th prsnt prfet simplend ir| th xmp|s of th past simplin the xtrat.

lrlth th vrbsin boIdin th txtto th uss1-4. ,l t dsrib an prin thathasr hsn't hpnd t n indfinit timein thepast .g. |lve ou evor bought? and2 .- 3sribe n tion ththasfinishd buthasn fft '. .' * orsnt 3 .' :l.s:t..b n tion or stt thtstrtd in thst nd . . .. . .,] s: th prsnt 4 : s:rb finishd ation or stt t dfinit timin
-i-

Undr|ine th orrt tns in sntnes 1_8. 1 Dtd)ou \rs \oLl vr snasis in onrt? 2 Sjmon jans bought hsought sm dsignr |st wk. 3 Sr workdihs orkd sa mod| in thholidys. - |t'rgtihl, 4 | an't lIJssi mv mobiI. t'rgottn go/hvn't 5 | didn,t bn to shol vstrd. 6 | sw/hv sn Iwofi|ms starring Grg lon rntIy. 7 Markdidn'tt/hsn,t - W,r atn hins food bfor going to trsom tonight. 8 Did ou wath/11av t|vision Iastnight? ou wthed Put th dvrbs in brakts plain in th orrt .l_8. sentns 1 Don,t fd givn tht;|'v him hisdinnr. (lrady) pid 2 Hv thtlphon (yt) bil|? ou 3 Th|ttr (stiI|) frommy pnfrind hasn,t arrivd. 4 Pau|a,s missd th bus.(just) youtridGrk (evd 5 Hv food? 6 l'vbn (nvr) brd. 7 nna hsIikd (|ways) |ssi| musi. 8 N4tt hasn't movd (yt) hus. ,l_3. Read1-8 in 6 gainand answr qustions Whih dvrbs or timxprssions d w use ,l to t|k about xprins ththv or haven't happnd t an indfinit timin thst? prft 2 withthprsnt to taIk bout rnt tions with rsu orsnt Its? prft withth prsnt for unfinishd tim?
,,,,1'

football team,it givesyou a sense of idntity. Howevr, thse produts havebome muhmor important thntheyusedto b, espeilly foryoungpeople. Ysterday, I spoketo some reenagers abouttheirbuying hbits. .|'ve Ke[lwhor7, explained boughtlots of loths baus oith label. l bought i.,. designer .shirt two yarsago beauseit was 'u heapin a sat.But l disovered thatthe qutity ws good.|tdidn,tfall to pieesaftertwo Weks, so now l buy lothes with labets whn| an.'lt notjustthegirts whoareimag onsious. Dav, Kelly broth toldme .Dadbought me somedsignr trainers for my birthday a fewyarsago. Sinethenl hvelwaysworn branded trainers. And

theirownindividuatity whilestitl beingparto grup. Buying brand namsis likebing fanof popular bandor a famous

Hveyou ever bought brnd nameprodut? |fso,why?ost peopte, it seems, buythse produts as a Wayof expressing

:1,

meansyou alwaysfeel onfident thatyou're wearing somthing ool.'

sinl strtedbuyingmy own lothes, lastyea1l havealso hosenjeansand T-shirts with tabets; thesejeansl,m wearing nowforexampl. lt

:::r.ita:r..r:.:r',:.::::rirrr:..rll

 r s n tp r f tsimp le a nd r s ntpe r fet ontinuous

Prsent perfct with when, if ' or antil

",ERadth ru|s 1_5 using sntns and thenomplt yourown words. Ruls ,l Wnusth prsnt of th instad perft simp| should wilI or prsnt tht smthing bout to taIk .g. in thfutur' Vent anothr happn bfor When ou.vo ou dn go finishod our homeworK. out. You n,t go out unIil ou,ve finished our homworK. of th instad prft simp| 2 Wanusthprsnt e.g. sntns' first onditionl in som rsnt we will go out. lf ou,v fini;hod our homeworK, ,l |fth w wi|lring by |unhtim, notthyare. andfindoutwhr w nhav yourbdroom, 2 Whn oUdinnr. m hir. to gooutwhn| b rady I'lI youfordinnr, thtab| 4 Whn ouou|d thvgtb|s. m prepar hIp to Iis untiI youwhatmsrt t|| 5 I an't Ann.

prft \ilth _to th ussf th prsnt rapis : tinuous-l-3. ,!'ve .\4h baan runnin7., a e fou o hot?. baen going to tha tannis lub for or. 6 The,ve !,ve been living hore ine lst pril. for: prft ntinuous . ls thpresnt '1 tions past ndrsti|| in th startd whih or stats of tim. th Ingth on.Wwntto mphsis 3ing prsnt buthav stoppd, whihhv ] ations or stats tonsquns. tim. forsom rpatdly hppnd whihhv ] tions tion. thrptd to mphsis \V want

lr * ll
I
I I

: Lookt xampIes 1 and2 and thn put th tim olumn. into th orrt ressions 1 l,vo Knwn6|Ifar 6i oro. hro eina 2o0l, 2 |,votrived hours Marh thr tim twwks |ast a Iong hristmas |Vondy fwminuts nino,|ok of time) for (period in tim) sin(point

Lt's ativat
Peonal oPorieo.o into th orrt firstput th vrbsin brakts In pairs, hen ontinuous). perft or (present simpI tnse tenss lf both or sin. with the sntns /or omplt in meaning. diffren possibIe, th xplain ar l Ist (rd) thsmbook r. 1 Ptr whnh wiIlfinish. wondr prnps hours' (try) thmto phon 2 Wis brokn. thirphon two (hv) thirt3 Ourgrandprnts 4 5 6 7 8 rs. a months. (do) thr thisjb -N4ri ags. (b) a frind-Kar| hous I movd (not go) to theinm |math footbal| (not a wath) John months. h startd (stay) withhisousins Sm
oIlg.

ah 1_3nd intrview 12 ln pairs'readth instrutions words. Usthsequstion othr. Whn What Wh... with How tims Whr Wh Howman How|ong

(-) b|ow. partnr hasdonththings 1 Findoutif yoUr you what bout n s 2 Findoutas muhinformation didthm. whnh/sh hppnd partnr's rp|is. 3 N4k a notof our mple Ann Bob Ann Bob Ann Bob yoUhav trid? sport exiting is thmst Wht Kayking. hv tims Howmny udonit? in summr. wknd I do it vr Lots. youbn it? doing hav HowIong ,l2' I ws Sin

sport a tryan iting p|a n intrsting b visit in pub|i prform th qustions. Disuss T 3 Workin groups' not? WhyiWhy |oths? 1 Dooubudsignr pop|,s spnding nms hnged brnd 2 Howhav your ountry? hbits in

PIlotogtr1oIi
I'i,gIes
.t qustions. In pairs, disuss thes ] Hwdo youfe| bout: . taking photogrphs? . sing photgraphs of yourse|f? . Iooking popl,s photogrphs? t othr 2 Whdo popl tkphotogrphs of h thr? Hwdo pop| rt whnthknw thirphotgl.ph is bing tl'i Wh? 4 HowWr |mgs rprsntd bfor th invntion f phtogrph?

5 Lookat thsphotographs nd nswr th qustions. ,l How old do yuthinkthpopl ar? jbsdo outhinkthydo? 2 Wht

L i s t n in g
2 Lookt this photograph a nswr th qustions. 1 Whn do youthinkit wastkn? 2 Wht words wou|d to dsrib oUUs thman? 3 Howdo outhink h f|t bout th phto?

Not-taking Whn Iistning don't wrr if oudo notundrstnd ver word. l\4k briefnots th firsttimou listne.g.ntiqu mrkt/Pris. hnonfirm answr on thsond Iistning bfor fi||ing oUr in th nswr form. o6Jl:lListn to a shortnwsitmboutth o|d photogrph nd answl th qustions. Writenots|ikthosin th amp|. mpl |hr did Nlonsiur Pgneu bu it? ntiquo mrKrt / ris 1 2 3 4 5 6 Whis it so importnt? Whn wsit tkn? Whn didth pub|i hr bout thphotogrph? WhowsNio|s Hut? Wht did h hv to do? Whydidn't h ombhishairor smi|?

ro6,|l.z Thegirl in th photogrph is a||ed AnnPimm.listnnd omplt th nots. AnnPimm .l g: 2 Ntin|it: 3 N4in ouption: job:4 Prt-lim 5 Ernings: 6 Fthr's ouplion: 7 Fathr's dvi: 8 N4ain mbition: In pairs, qustions. disuss ths 1 Whodo outhinkwasright, nnor hrfthr? 2 What do youthinkhshppnd to Annsin thn7

your notsinto sntens. Epand yournswrs hnompare to partnr's.


,: . .: j . ..: ., * ' '\.' i t h Z k 'the d o u : . .. : l .j ; - ..- : . q u s ti o n s
: '* i . . s[ ml

6Jl's Now intrviw to whtyour ahothr.Rfr prtnr Usth hssidt shwthatyou ar Iistening. you' diaIogu boxto he|p

,r;:t:r:::::....,.."1",;1;i;:.1-:i::;;;:-:,,:i;::..;r:;;:-;,:.::;";-.:-,;;:;;,;;:rt.,.'-:;Jrr::-..-;"ir:.:;r,

i . , : . ' j': * : .: - l ._ ] th n I i s t nt o th e i n tr viw . - . : '. ; . : *:- : ; * t h r l .h t Z a k s a y s bo ut . l .: l|: . D id th n s i d h s t a t m n t. -| - | : : . ; : ]*, - l i h q u s t i o n s y o up r e d i td?

.: .. ]: j 'llo0l.

' '" ] - ,,'- i l o n g n y . : : : , ': ' ..; gp r i o d s W i t h o UW t o rk .. . . ]. . . . , ] . : - ]: l - , si O f o r m y W o r s t Xprin. o f m y a r r . )l s l l - lf r i n d sb a u s j " : , . . shvtr i dto m k m g i v u p m o d I I ing. s a r s u l to f m o d | lin . J t ] r l - lr vo r ks u f f r d : i k o m p | t h n g o f a r r .

thatyou ar listning .-! sowing to b wantd thtou,d |ws .j A Nowou mntioned mod|. t shooI B Ys, show vr sin | tookprtin a fshin A So tht,s how it a||st rtd? p|us in |oI B Ys, thftthatIwon omptition nWspapr. Atull,I wsgoing to sk ou bout tht. ouldou plinin moredetil at| howtht h|pd ou?

j^

stimulus- b aod dicuion

t4 qustions. Disuss thse 'l Wht in thpiturs doing? arthpop| 2 Wht is thsIogn suggsting? or for hpp |if pparan Wht is mrimportnt prsonaIity? in advrtismnts 4 Towhtxtnt do photographs influn us? pitur of 5 Arephotogrphi imags aIwys n urat r |it?

:,]i..l n i at i o n
l . :""435

ontining units usu||y iddintosl|bIes: -: :iir ftr it, .g. af-tr. . .lrlsnnt bfor ndior in ahwor. syIlabl - -::, n th strssd (vrb) (noun) ..t b ontrt '. 'llr (djtive) (noun) b ommria| . . : ft v r l ) b stisfatin(noun) b assignmnt(nun) : : i VD) : : I \ . r b) b r tin(noun) (noun) b phto grphi(djtiv) . grph ... Prtise \tv Iisten and hkyouranswrs. strss. th rvords with th orrt

l;aking
' _1 '

youah lmgin to intrviw a partnr. " ' . :". going ', ' =: J ffrnt job in whihyou havbnvry qustions to findout bout: ' ' -.:s.;].\Vrit
r :. iltl-ld i n g th j o b

) . . 'l g/ t v o r s t x p ri n .lriv lif/| lfst| l 's

n/lakethe most
of Yourself

I
i

", )

. Lookt th pitures. What diffrnt images of Britaindo thy show? : Whatimages do you havof Britain whiharenot in th piturs?

St u d yin g th e sa mpl
Understanding tho taeK
:. ik (/) the pointsin th listtht mightpparin a writtn desription. prsonaI f|ings ndmotions . fts ndfigurs . exp|antions of who, wht, whn, whr ndwhy i nforma |,onvrstion |-tp | nguag, .g. ontrations a storis or nrrtiv a pitu rs, drwings andl or digrms

today. z Many peoplethinko Britain and immediatety thinkof London. Big Ben is an xample of a harateristi imageof London. his is beauseit is partof the Houss of Parlia"n.,*r.''.,,.;;;. tradition as w[las todaygovernment. other touristimagsdon,t symbolise the whoteountry in th same Wayas Big Bn. any peoplethinkof a Britishman waring a dark,uit u .u,.;u;.; u, umbrella' whihis not verytypiat thesedays.Howevr, an umbrella is an important imageof Britain bausit says something aboutthe weather, whihpeopltalk aboutaltthe time.other important imagsare food and drink.Tea is a traditionat image,but mostyoung howVer, so this appearsto be one of the "iion best represntations otraditionat Britishfood. 3 hereare manyBritishmusiians and bandsand Britishmusiis popularin manypartsof the world.h musilinstruments givean idaoi th influen of musi.Sport is lso an ,;.;;;;;ieo witr, Britainbeaus so manysportsoriginally amfromthere. A f,ootbalt is a betterimagethana rikt bt beauseeverybody reogniss a footba[[. 4 Finallyoungpeoplehavean important partto play in Britishlif,s do poptefrommanydiffernt ultures. Images of youngpeopleand of a multiultural soiety show how fsinating Britainis todav.

lT:. a betteridea have of what Britishtifis tike

.j::.:1traditional images of,Britain whih htp pople to

people now drink mor offee. British people stirr ;; . i". hips,

,.'o

,l-4, 4 *d th dbtirru Didewhih paragrph, forssomse{. . \ outrrof uhurs b Britishulfurtoda imprssion { morUt d ypilI British

uring Paregr.?

Writingyour desription
9raintorming
7 {),n groups' prepar nd writa a poster to dsign you your imags Disuss what ountry. desription of hIp box to diIogu and why. Use the shouId inIude you. opinions Justifying an imago{ shouldhoose A Prsonoll, I don,tthink e an umbrl|a. arrying man wring a dark suit and a it'sa bit o|dB I agre. not hoveIhalbus Lt,s fshiond, isn'tit? ln m opinion,weshouldinludean imgof the rogniss vrybody beouse Houss of Prliment f Britain. thtasan imag A I feel it ltlouldbe betterto inludan imagof how Want to youngpop| llthotstudents |ive. Surltht,s see? It,sreollimportnttoinludethat kind B bsoIut|y. of img.Tht,sthe kind of thingoungpeoplen rlte to.

Aridigrepetition \t.r thingmorthanonwhn writxt| th sam \truarwriting. of rpating of was Tryt use varity similr idas. Thysy 5 lok t thsphrases from th dsription. manbut in sfuilar things aboutwhatthe imags frffrntways.Whihimagdoeseah phrserefrto? 1 ... stnd for . .. 2 ... don't symbolis .'. 3 ... is notvr typia| ... { ... sys ... something about 5 . . is trditinaI imag ... of... 6 .-.thbst rrsntation 7 ... giv n idof ... part in ... 8 ... hv to p|ay n important ! ... shw...

Planning
B Did: . howt introdu yourdsription. . whih in. ordr to putourdisions

Stps to httr writing

tn building
for a C omplt with information th sentenes dsription f your own ountry. thinkof ... l [lnypopl thinkof ... andimmdiateIy |ik... 2 l wou|d in myountr hoos an imag 3 -.. stands for ... ountr' 4 ... dsn't/don't thwho| symbo|is pop| as ... 5 lany thinkof ..' manor Womn 6 '.. is a trditiona| of ... imag 7 \! ata |otof .. 8 Pp| |istn to ... in mountry 9 our ntionalsport is... l0 is a ... soity.

|riting
9 Usyour notesto writ a desription. . Expand yournots sntns. intoomplt Usdiffrent andwht whatyoudidd was of saying rprsnt' th imags

LhocYing
10 hkthatyou have: . usedparagrphs idas. diffrnt to introdu . written (200-250 words). mount th right

(D

?roon|porte|. eimpleand patsimplo

and pastpartiip|s of th vrbsin 1 Writeth pstsimpIe th orret olumn. = b u bgin* bring * om * deid* f|l = find = forgt* go know u lav * prmis* rmm br = s s sing * 516p* tah u think visit * wsh " = Writ pstsimpIe
w/wor*

omp|et sntn of hpirwith th orrt form of th vrb. hnomp|t b so it hasth sm sntn maning s sntn a. 1 a lt'sgs sin | boughi;.il irof trinrs. l:,. buyhta il,.. i-. ",''.'f b I hvpn't trinrs g for 2 |t,s a |ong timsin l... t thinma. .: W 1o th b tirl:' 3 a It.s ovr r sin ,r .,. a holrd ai b a b a b a b

rgularpst partiipls

pst irrgular partiipls

bcen

It's hours sin w .. Wanythlng to t', It's bout twomnths |sin |-hirulIt,s nr| fortnight sin Susl Susn-m-,,,

. ' -. l -

l-t t

Proon| Porfo|wihhwhen,if, ar unti!

with th pastsimplor prsnt th sntns 2 ompIt prfet simpI of on of th verbsfrom 1 abov. you 1 th HrdRkaf whnyouwr in Lndn? m amr 2 oh no!| at hom. I n't tkny photos. tnnd. 3 YuIk Way on holidy? oU4 Ethn worrid abut his apparan foryrs, quit nfidnt. butnowh's |in pub|i twi withmhoir. I wsvr nrvoUs. hisw||t in thinm 6 Nik|st wk. you7 BrdPitt's nwfi|m? youto phon I Susan |st night? | btyou frgot! with th mostppropriat omplet th dialogus lf morthn on answer is possib|, adverb. writboth possibilities. * * just nVr* 51i|| * }t " lrady vr .urry 1 up,thfi|mhas strtd.' .Hs happnd nthing -?, .Hv 2 bn on photo shot?' oU.No, |'v bn on on,butI wnt to fshin show on., .Hav 3 seenMtriR!odd?, oU .No,I havn,t' I,v bookd tikts for Sturd night.' .Hv youfinishd surfing th Intrnt 4 -?, .No, I havn't finishd |hvn't found whtI wasloking for., wordto omplt 5 UndrIin th orrt ahstn. you'v plaing Whn/Until finishd 1 th.'^.]-., ]. .J.'.: anlhvago? younymor I'mnot|nding mony |lr ',,'. ,. --, pidm bk thmon oW m. oU if/until 3 |'mnotgoing anwhre t|d-.. ... ...,.h ou,v you,v 4 lf/Whn |rad sn thfi|m, w ]l$:... ::somthing ls. you,v Until/Whn tkn th phto, ouId t.L, : .- ... mr bk to m? l'|lringBobif/untilyou,v finishd using th[ t

?een|. ?orfo|impland ontinuous

th sentns so th maning is th sam. 6 Rwrit ,l It's bout twomonths sin | strtd studying photogrphy. phtogrpt I,v bntuding fr twomonth' * sh hsn 2 Mnd bought thatosisDstrd t p|ing stoppd it! Mndy hsn't... 3 Whn did ubuthos trinrs? Howlong... 4 hlast timeI swmgrndparnts wst hristls. I hvn,t ... 5 Ross hsn't sn Rh| for longtim. It's ben.... 6 |t's hurs sin | rrivd t thf nd \4oni sti|| hsn't arrivd. I'v bn witing ...

F I
l!

Reading
a-d with 7 adth ttnd mathsntns pargrphs 1_4.

Listening
8 tlkingabut Q,., vouargoingto harfour spakrs sttmnts 1_4xprsss img. Did whihspeaker _.one sttmnt dosnot fit any spakr Spakr 1 Spkr 2 Skr Skr 4 prsn|ity thanthir A frind's is morimportant appra n. pop| frinds. nmk 0n|yattrtiv gt jb youwon,t gotqu|ifitions |f yu hven't A goodprsona|ity nhlpgtyou job. rsuIts. Apparan is mrimportnt thanexm

? :

:,'!

i,

n illustrate h photographs o storyor a doumentry' eitheran invntd th first st is to write th ratea photo-story of your idsfor th outlin,a brief dsription plot of your story. or the doumentary, An pi tal with astof to set up. A will b vry xpensiv thousands and simplestoryset in your own nighbourhood usinga few friends an b vry effetive. to sho If you ar planning at work,spendsom a raftsman for example, typia!day is time findingout what that prson,s you mightwant to photograph lik.Altrnatively, your frindsor people, for xampl a varietyof to showhow different in thir houss nighbours, thy are. Maksuretht you havesom lose-up, dtildshotsand somebrodr piturs Don'tworryif you an't to givvarity. drawvrywll,you only nedan ide of th on you'vdon ontntof eahphotograph. you'reredyto tke th pitures. th storyboard, hvbndvloped, inally' when th pitures stikthm into your album,nd writyour story.

b d e

Writing
in 9 writa shortrtileaboutattituds to apparan yourountry. planto makenotes: Usth folIowing

bfor do somrserh Fra doumntr, oUstrt. your p|ot stor too of the andstting b Dn't mak mpIiatd. photographr is to prjt fran mtur An intrsting pulr in phtostoris that r th kind of rt mgzins. you p|n yourstorbrd, th pitures ndskth Nxt, wiIltk.

Introdutin: portr? Whtimgs do mgzins nd dvrtismnts f rinds think Wht our 3 YourprsonaI opinion

4 on|usin

Varbs nd propositions
1 (ompletsentnes 1_5with on of thesvrbsand a preposition. suitbI attrat reat* voIv prott* provid " ,I W arplased to b ab| to |ight ou rfrshmnts aftr th mting. 2 What firstthispartof th ountry? oU3 hisunusul outfit ws a we|l-knwn fashion hous. yourslf 4 P|s wrths drkg|asss to th sun's rys. 5 h saththuman bings p-|ike rTu rs. 2 Mathth sntne bginnings 1-4 to the prepositions bIow. Thnomplte th sntnes with ndings a_d. gainst * by * to * with 1 2 3 4 a b d hprfum k onewasratd hudin wrorovidd peop| |\4any rttrtd hdsignr dfnded hims|f thg|amorous img f thefiImindustry. ritiism thathisloths Wr too xpnsiv. thdsignr a|vin Klin. programm of thfshion show.

building Jord
4 mp|t th txtWiththe orrt formof th wordsin brakts. jobsput profssions, Img is imprtnt in most butsom 1nlr (ppa lhsis on thnthrs. Nobod knoirs his mor thnJodi K||r, mak-up arIisIfor Vogu magzi n, .l\4 wrkint,|t (imperft) sot,ring up tin2s .For wIl as mpltir,' transfrming fs,, ep|ins Jodi. 4methof thjob is itsonstnt ittrt - hphot (vr) prsnts sht nW h|lng. |tan 5b demnding t tims, butthstlists rvr (h|p)and ptint. thmodIs usu|l hwrkI do isvr 6(rt) (ount) nd |'v mdeup 7fs. || 8(wondr) in Ilit's arrl 5 (ompltethe sentns with the orrt form of the wordsin brkets. (photograph) 1 | hdto tka |tof quipmnt withmto thfshin shot. 2 Ndi wason|y ] 5 whnshgothrfirstmod|ling (ontrt). got lotof (stisfy)from Jnna hrworkasn rh itt. (ret) 4 Wht wsSn's to th goodnws? (ssign) 5 hmod||ing wsfrthr das on a bh in thribbean. (ommr) 6 hfi|mws hug suss. |t brok lIbox-offi rords. Phrsal verb6 '1-7with th orrt 6 CompIt sentens form of these phrasal verbs. * ?l. n " dropoutof * fa|| behind with u f|| ovr e $o on about * gooutwith * livup to 1 Jssia didd o||g ndtrveI round th wor|d fr yr. 2 hnWsppers Iimd thtthsuprmod| a famous tor. 3 Thath|te fi|d hisrouttion sthworId,s bstspri ntr. 4 mdidn't njoy thi-skating trip. Shthr tims. 5 Mttis bsssd withhisnwmotorbik. Hn it forhours. 6 Grg working unti| midnight. He hdan Xm th next d. jobst pyfor his 7 tark tokon too manyprt-tim o||g training andsoon hisstudis sa rsu|t.

Nagativ Pr9fix95 3 ompIete th sntns with the negtiv form of thse adjtivs. Usth prfixs un-,in-,im., ir-,dis-or il-. ttrtive * Iars Xpnsiv * |gaI * mature* organisd * possibl 8 responsibl 1 Thphotograph wasblurrd and -. Weouldn't swhowsin it. 2 |t'syou'r to bm a suprmodI un|ss Vr goodIooking. 3 l don't spnd lotsof mon on |oths. l usual| bu things whih r4 lt is Very t |av thhi|dren witnout suprvision ner thpool. 5 Thyoung manhad rthr sr on hishk. 6 honrt wsmp|t|y Nobody knw -. where to butikts for it. 7 Som mode|s artoo to ra|is thrisks assoitd withworking in thfshion industr. 8 ln ng|nd it'st driv a ariI ou,r undr 17.

&ffiffi%
brif history
Th troubldhistory f ]rlandbgnwith th British invsion in th twlfth entury.The nglish bmmor pwrful nd influntilin th ountry,nd long history of of]it nsued.]n th fiftenthntury,whn ry VIJJ brok way from th Pop nd tholiism, h took ontrol f hurh prprtyin ]r]nd. Reltionships btwnCtholisnd Protstnts in ]relndbmdiffiult nd rminds, with lrish en;oyed. Catho]is deniedth rights tht Prtstnts tholiking tho]is supportdny ttmptsto r-stblish on th throne of nglnd.lI thsvntsld to onflits _ situtionwhih hs btwntholisnd Protstnts ontinudup t th resentday in Norther ]rlnd. ]n l92l, ]relndws dividd,itotwo prts nd Northrn ]rlndrmindprt of th Unitd ingdom, whil th rst o{ th islnd mth first ]rish Fre Stt,ltr ir (in l937)' nd finlly th Rpubli of ]relndin l949.

t,&tr #ff

wlmingimag
]rlndis no lngr th poorstountry in urop.Today it,s ool to b ]rish nd, thnksto Th orrs, Byzon,.\y'stlif ad |J2, imgsof ]rlndr oWwll known in populr ulturross th glob.Tody,s]r]ndis mdrn, progrssiv uropnntio whs onomy is booming. But it is not oniy lrish ys tht r smiling s mor nd more touristsdisovr]relndfor thms]vs. Dublin is undubtdly the spiritualnd ulturalhrt of th mrld]sl.Th ity is rih in histry,frm th dyswhn trendy lti tribswderdthe pt bogs t th prsnt-day brs nd night lubs' ]swhr, the itis of rk, Glwynd Limrik bostthir own hrms.Bt it is out in th rolling untrysid tht you n find th idylli ]rlndof the movis.

nd answr th questions. Lookat th mpof IrIand it? sUrround 1 Wht imgs of lrland pop| what in t|ling 2 HowsUsSfU| rth imgs it is? klndof ountr and of lre|nd Radth two txtsaboutth RepubIi answr th qustions. xt] in lrland? ruIe bgin 1 Whn did British ply onflit? prt in thAng|o-|ish V||| 2 What did Hnr of knwn sthRpubIi bom 3 Whn did Ir|nd Ir| nd? Ixt2 thimg of Ir|nd to hnge 1 Whhash|pd ||y? intrnationa IrIand? to disovr 2 Whois nowbginning kindof ityis ub|inz 3 What yousein fiIms? 4 Whr an oUfindthIr|nd

Tlking aboutyourountry
Answr thsqustions boutourountr. of Irland 1 Howdos thhistory of th RepubIi your with tht f own ountry? ompare situation thonomi 2 Wht kinds of things fft youIiv? whr in youroUntr? 3 Howmnybigitis arthr pp| in thrst of th think 4 Wht img do ou worId hve of yourountry? to would 5 Wht tourist ttrtions oUrommnd visitor to ouruntry?

arppitess
Disuss ths o ustions. . anw rl|v |rn to b hppy? Why/Why nt? Wht kinds f things youflhppy? mk Radand omp|t the qustionnir on happinss. hensay whtyou thinkth sores showaboutyourattitud to Iif. group of mrian psyhiatrists l|ievs thathappinss pratised an be |arnd, andapplid to any situation. Civ yoursIf a sore/ on a saleof 1.10, forah ustion.
s you go throughth day, do you ativeIyaim to be as happy as possibl? Do you t ak r s pon s i b i I i tf or your Iif? Do you mak a poin t o f d o i n g o n t h i n gwh i h m aksyo u happy eah day? Do you w or k t h r ou g hp ro l |e ma s n d g a i n k n o w|e dg fr o m thm? Do you gi ve w i t hou twa n t i n ga n y th i n 8i n r tu r n ? r ou hon stw i t h v o u rs I a f n d o th r s ?

R ea di n g
/ Mthing in thqustinS mnotbthsm sthos .J hwords in thtxt. Rd hpragrph rfu|| ndundrIin thinformtion thtgivs SWr. uthorrt Readth texts and answr th qustions' prsn Whih in ths studis. 1 ou|dn't ompte withsomn thlvd? 2 didd to dopt mor adu|t approh to things? 3 didn't Want to fup to thtruth? 4 rfusd t tkprtin somthing? 5 nvr hada sing| frmomnt? 6 is notbotherd bythdiffiuItis f vrdy Iif? p|n Whih tion suggsts thtyou: putthb|m 7 shouldn't pople? on othr B shouId hng diffiu|t sitution intoonethttahs somthing? ou 9 should mk a dision notto bfftd bthe ngtiv sidof lif? 10 should bgnrous butnotxpt anyrward? 11 shuId beb| to admithowyouf|? ,l2 putffdoing shouldn't youwant things to do?

,'..y."-"g

11:i91"^: jo"'n,..'u..er if my f|tmaths usd all th hot d"".i. problem at WorK. *ut"r.,*u train is anlId,or l hav a negativethings just the lt ;;.";"; happns,happns.I good, lik the fl m mke *o un .'in of the thingstht lUgn. m mk n I w ys uu .v fltmat
powrfu|tool you h intntionto Lt happy is th most by the ovrwhelmd b to as ii,s an hav' Without it, bad thingsin lif.

l,mging. myslf l promis

gorourslves "."',-l;

,:li# j;";;s*ft iili":f ffi J o*'P,J: i ;;:' ;; ;h at il:,#;..:ff l th ou ght l,.

tvryon imddown nd we
own lif, rather

*1 ":,J#: J:"; ."ffi :;:,.ll";"xi],j

lt,s important to hve ontrol over your

l ii l iras drowning. l -. ..:i I lovwork,Iast ar lflt.... ran sur lk;rs around . - -i*"ntty rushing 'vrthing and l ir nlarathon, training -. .-l,,.hn l startd
ldidd l l .i l t o m s e l f . . . + c h o''vmu h l n j s a han to m l t i r' s ru n n l n : ' . kep l fi n i t e l y . : : n d t h i nk al o u tm r,s l i; : a h n g e .,

Voabulary
xprosingfeet.ing
4 ln pairs, in it|is. disuss th manings of th phrss hnomplt th sntns usingyourown words. 1 Pop| bout ... nothonst withthmselvs arsomtims 2 Poo| rsnt th ft tht ... ofIen 3 Itdsn't mattr to m/ bothr m if 4 I somtim es los m tmpr whn... 5 | never b ... floverwhlmd 6 I am somtims horrifid b .'.
i

. rj
i:!

.l

.F

they njoy. h - .:: . . ' p opl e mak s u r thr, do things y o . r r i t for n e t r r. \ i t h r s h o u l d u .

|ordsthat go togethar
had a gr a tr l t i o n s h i p wi th m y m o th e r , so lw as lr,hensh movd into my f|atfor a whi|.W startd .- - . i mm di at I y . h n l re a l i s e d l wa s l e h a v ins|ik a s] \\,esat down and talkd about th past forihu fi,,t .. : lot of motiona|thingswre said but it really |ard : .. \rv We an get along., - . s go Wr on g / y o u a n t u r n t h p ro b l m into an _ - l ; t r '. ve n s r i o u s p ro b l m s n l t u r nd into .. .q maningfuI if you ar prparedto larnfrom thm. :. ' r .' . =d

5 adthe txtsand omp|t with a suitble the phrass vrb. lto m |augn 2Io o nsio us disio n 3to o ntr o I o Vr 4to dfnsiv 5to smo o thl 6to th lr 7Io w r o ng prssu 8to risd 6 Nowomp|te form of th sntns 1_7with th orret phrases in 5 abov. thir 1 Popl whn to 1ustify oftn thrskd tlons. his 2 Dvid |ast wk to workhrdr and pss Xa ms. Doyoureal| ourown think w any_ dstl n? notto mk n vrthing wil|if w rrfuI mist ks. you. ) Don't |fthings to h|p worr! I,|l bthr youhav do 6 Pls to do.Just don,t |lthwork youfI it whn hv th tim! ou Ptndjim hdan rgumnt to hav t workbutgrd drink togthr iustto -'

..si startedgoing out with my girlfriend,W Wre for eah othr.he prob|emwas that . :., ' ng prsents . . -...,. mor money than me so her prsntsWr {q u a l valu d b u y s o m t h i n g ' oe . . =. l l l t pr s sur i s to . ]: ] L j l ]r al Ir s n ti n g lJ , o s tm y t mpr i t . v n tu a ||y . -r that ii had to siop. We still ehang gifts but ... '. l r mre |ikl to spoi| hr with a home-ookd

somthingin . :ir,to othrs,do you always e-xpet - . l.lgiv penly, honst|yand from the heart,ou . . - l i k l yt o b h a p p y .

. ' ' ..

. np\ / in a rlationship wi t h a g i rl f ri e n d aJ had . ^<t ]m .l k pt t |l i n gm y s e l ft h i n g : s wo u l d i m pr o ve. s sh got btter job, or * ,p"nt mor time a,long tim to t honst with myslf .j::I-Te -. --, -lln85 tor her. l,d prtenddthat w wer th . - 'Di f: ' j9o l o n g . B r a k i n g U p W a s re a l Ly h ar d but . - l 'g r Ii f. , . .=i lr,ith ),ourslfis a vitl step on the road to . . . . f. t n di n 8y o u a r h a p p y wh e n y o u ,." n ot o nly : '- . l ] r s.

hoos on of th statments bIow and saywhyyou gr/disagr with it. . |\4one n'lbuhppinss. . Hppinss is no Iughing mttr. . hhppinss is thndof govrnmnt' of soit

Grundsand infinitives
lQuil<quiz
1 Radsntns 1-3 and didif th grundin itlis: a is thesubjet of thsentn. b is thobjt of sntn. oms ftr a prposition. ,l |'mquitgodt running. 2 Running is vrygoodxris. 3 l njoyrunning. 2 orrt the mistaks in thesesntns. on snten is orrt. 1 Didyouenjo to goto th inm lstnight? 2 |\/ fthr is trying to givup to smok. 3 I'm|oking forward to going on ho|idy to thStts. youfinishd 4 Hv to tyourdinnr? Do you njoygoingto shooI? Dsrib whtou onsidr to b typialgoodor bad day at shooI. q|z,lYouar goingto hearsomon talkingabout whatis happening in somshooIs nowadays. Listn and ompIt the nots.
nitdttates: oigino{ the idoaoi iniroduing l into\son to 7 upisod
,L n . ii 5tud9nt5

omplete sentns 1_6Withthe orrtform of th vrb in brakets. 1 Wean,tfford a nwV.(buy) grmmr 2 | don'tmindbutI somtims findit (study) diffiu|t. 3 Dyoufany (go) outtonight? 4 Thtahr rfusd uswhnthtstwas.(tl|) (smok). 5 My brothr hsgivn Up6 |\4rtin (brrow) arrngd to a biy|.

Gerun af|or prepositions

7 ompIte th sntenes in yourown wordsusingone of thesprepositions nd a gerund. ',,in ,, of i, on ,i to . with .I Nobody in myfmi| is intrstd ... 2 I'mtird... gtbord... 3 hiIdrn 4 Maris fdup ... 5 N4 frinds nd | rvrykn... 6 Wera|||oking forwrd ... 7 |fyouworkhard, l'msur sud ... ou,|I 8 Wou|d rnt a vido instad ...

hango in meaning
8 someverbshange in mning whenfolIowed by gerund or an infinitive. Lookt th exampIs and answer the questions. rmmbr Whih of thsntens b|ow mans: a oUremmbr something hppning? b youdidn't youp|annd forgt to do somthing to do? I ramamberphoning Mri. l ramombered Io phone Mri. ned Whih of thsntns b|ow mans: a it is nssry thatsomthing is don? b it is nssr for mto do something? I need to oo tho dotor. hir needs utting. rgrr Whih of thsntnes b|ow mans: a l'msorr bout whtl did? yu? b |'msorry bout wht| m going to t|| I regrot to s tht l hvan,tdone tho worK. l regrat eplitting uP with m bofriond. U Whih of thsntns b|ow mans: a l tridto do somthing diffiu|t butwasunsussfuI? b I attmptd to do smthing to swhtwou|d hppn? l triod to opan lha windowbut it w stuK. lt ws o hot in the room. I tried oponingtha windowbut it didn't help.

ot 2 ffocl o| thi on lcon: a1 ?oa|ionof visilor: /.onluaion:

oI 5 hae U hlo botte, holp -

aro groaler, onanttion,

Vrbs follouedb1 grundsor infinilivea

5 Put the verbsin the orret oIumn, aording to whther thyare foIlowed by grund or n infinitive. fford ' gr arrng void n'tstnd onsidr . dny njoy fny finish givup hIp did . (don,t) hop imgin mang mind miss prtis promis putff rfus risk want Verbs Iwys folIowd grund by VerbsaIwys foIlowd by n infinitiv

i- " . - r , : i : !

. l t i n i ti v a s

Th right vrord
ompIet form of th textusing grund or an infinitiv th wordsblow. b op nourag hav go prsud stud improv
;ii

-: - - 5' r fi i t i r . s : .: l . .. - t ]l Inl tl o n 0 r p ur p o s ^. : i ou bu t h t d i t i o n r ? -i .l ; ; . n e w i t h m n g l i s h . '. : :, q u e s ti o n : - , ]s.O W or di n n i n d i r t ":: : n u | d l s ?' ' T e l l m e wh t t a d ! ' . "; : . : l f v rb . ...: " h1t t o do., .: * t t h ses e n t n s u s i n g n i n f i n i t i v n d a ny .":.r n s sr w or d s .Y o u m a y n e e d t o h n g th ' :'j s i n t he s nt e n e . l pl ' .r i : dn I bu r * d i o ? , i':' ' doen,t Know whre to bu rdio. l t s t o kn o w

ti

"a

ii!

'rlI

I skforwhnI t|phon?'

l ngt lt|y nt summr.' .s didd ivhss.' .s |rn0 in Japans.' t bb| to ount "lsd .n.t rmmbr s thwayyousnd an mil.' d Ptr '., .t shou|d I gfor h|p?, t knw

* & s*
lnso mA mr iansho o ls,laughtr isbingtak ensriously and 1 as a mhanism for inrasingmotivation Shoolsare using bttr studnt / tahr relationships. results of thir students.Th Iaughter2 ,==-th studntslarn has findings of rnt rsearhinto how good xpertsthat humour is a helpd -duation thing. duation Aording to Dr 5m Barnes,a leading .Laughtrlovs rowds,and rowds Iov laughter. xprt: a at shool Whil th personal advntagesof ==--fun hav not been are obvious, the duational bnfits a|l the tim and hrd rognisd.Studntshav to work tdious. 5 studntan b xtremely -a 6 to shool. hey to ---.----_-But now they look forward W are in an atmosphereIike this and nioy 7 g"i.ing btter rsults in xaminations.' to be handled onth othr hand, humour has a5 a !oke, anothr may find ar{ully.What on prson ss simply a question o{ of{ensiveand mbarrassing.lt's not to from othr ountris:idas hav 8 -tehniques b adapted to fit artiuIarsituations.
...,,:::""""a1t .:.......1:t'-..,.t1.,,.,,rtt"""'''.....,at":':".-. ::::ttl:""'

. .: :

usd uith g9und6 -.;n5 ' . ' :- :ss g runds. w ith ns wit h ir nbus d
. ,',rring boutthm.

;::i65 ..'. .' .itlg,

formof on of 1_5withthe orrt sntns -: m|t ..s r rbs. '. rmplin hv tUrn wth - . :Itisn't working. l.ntlss n thtlvision. whn spi|| . ; rluisn to | to shoo|'
] " l | g .

: -' . ..

. ] L]5 phon Iost numbr. I'v mforJk,s :ldrss book. . god is going to |istn. if nobod .., fition sin th thfilmif younjo

Lt's ativate
LiKes and dlslie
you Iikor lovdoingand thr Thinkaboutthr things you don'tlik or htdoing.Write Iistof thes things ln nd disIiks. on a pi up yourIiks of papermixing qustions pairs, find out to lists and sk xhange our aboutyour partnr's Iikes nd disIiks.

Dsribe and namthe itisin the piturs. Whihof thsitieswouIdyou like to visit?Whyz
!

Etltt'.t,'-',gt

Readth sttmnts and deidwhihitvor itish on dsribs. 'l Thr roVr ]00thatrs hr. 2 hitypopuIation is mor thanfivmi||ion. 3 Thity|ies on thbnks f rivr. 4 hisis apit| ity. 5 Thr is an is|and in thmidd| of itsrivr. 6 lt is nar som famous bthin bhs.

qustions Truor faIs Youmaythink Statmnt is trubus it ontains phrass fromthtt. BUt, if youlistn arful|y, oUm findit dosnothv thsmmnin asthtxt. 4 C6Jz. Youar goingto hrTomTurnr, an AustrIian, talking bouthis nwIifin Paris. First' radthrough statmnts 1_6.hnIisten and deidwhthr th statmnts r tru(T) or false(F). 1 Tomndd spi| trining to b prfumr. 2 ombgan hisnW arr in Pris. Hfound thIngug diffiu|t at first. pop| 4 H prfrs t tII h,s Frenh. 5 Tmis non-smokr. 6 om's rigin| ontrat wsfor fixdtim.

Listening
.: informtion / ordring yuIistn, rad through thstatmnts arfuI| J Bfor so thtouknow whtkindf informtion youar Iistning for.Rmmbr, youharmight thwords b diffrnt fromthosin th statmnts. 3 66.|z.z Your goingto harHad|y Freman, n Amrian, ta|king boutmoving from NewYorkto London. Listen nd numberommnts a_ in th rdr in whihyou harthm ,l_5. When l wnt to |iv in Frne, I bgan to hv mor onfidn in ms|f. b l hose prov to study a subjt whih wou|d | ws r||y ngIish. Youhv to ept thtpeop|e findyouroUntry musing. d | soonre|isd thtI wou|d hav to bthsam as Vryon e|s. I found it diffiult to getridof mmrian ent.

5 In pairs, tkturnsto askand answr qustions thes on HdIy Frman and Tomurnr. Whenyou hav youranswrs finishd, ompr pir. to thosof anothr Had|y Frman 'l Whn t nothr untry, wht do youhv to oUmoV gtusdto? 2 Howdid Hadle tryto bom morlikth ng|ish? 3 Howdid HadIy's sistr opwithmoving to nothr ountr? 4 HowdsHd|y f| bout hridntity now? omurnr ] Howdidomgthisjob in Pris? 2 Wht wsIif |ik in thfirst sixmonths h spnt thr? 3 Wht dosh ntIik so muhbout Pris? 4 Whhsh didd to sty thre?

&

5paking
6 ,5 3: . l n gr u ps .d i s tl s s qstin1 s _ 5 b l o w.U s th :. E u bo t o h l p l l - l . . * - . ', . . . - - . , . ,- - .. i u rf m i I w n tto |iv l....,... - . ; . . i | l . [. - . , -.... ., s .. ti m /p rm n n t |y? . . i \ ]'] [] " : . , - - s - .! .l p p y tol e v b h i n d ?W hy? . - . i r l . JD : ] ,.- I g s m i g h t o u h v i n y our nW - - - . - i 'r l - - . j . z. - jok s m i g h t m k b outo ur r u t h i n k p o p | - . 'i r r '?\ \h r ? 1 - - i l pl i n ou r o u n t r h v s t r o ty p i a im of I ags . : r unt r i s? W h a t r t h y ? ' , :t;l ssi ng t w o poi n t so f v i e w

5 Soundbites--:=
0n Viaion
8 d),' Listnto one Visionby Quenand omplete th words. 0n mnongoa| onmission, juston. 0n hrt onsouI yehongodonvision. 0n flash of Iight nfleshonbon,on trurligion, nvoi onhope, onelrdision gimmonvision. Wowowowo No wrong no right, youthr,s |'mgonna no bIak ndno whit, t|| No b|ood no stin, || w nd is on, onv|s|on nflshonbonon trurligion, nronhoponlrdision Wowowowo h wohwoh I had dram, young, WhnI Was dram of swt iIIusion, glimps of hop nd unity, Andvisions oI onswl union, Buta-blows, And,-fIls, Andin m hrt it shows, Look wht thy,v donto mydram. 0n vision so givmourhnds, Givmyour', Thr's onlyondirtion, yh Oneworld onntin, onvision justxittion, N hat no fight, A|| through th night, |t's u yh Wowowowo nftshonbonon trurligion, nvoi onhoponlerdision gimmonnight gimmeonhrt justgimm gimm gimme onvision 9 Answr th questions. 1 Wht about? kindof vision is thgroup singing hav whnh 2 Wht drm did th|d singr wasoung? 3 Wht happnd to hisdrm? of thworld 4 Howrlisti do youthinkthisvision might b?

i;i

tu

{ ;

'

gond Iiv ,u think wi|| Vr uandourfmi|y - ;-othr ountr?

. , on theonhndit mightb possib|, but on th :thrhnd, it'sunIik|y. Wht about u? a! ours, but l,m I'dlike to thinkit mighthppn, \at surf it vrwi||. no doubtthat it wouId Thre's .. ..rsting, bequit diffiuIt, too. butit might * l .;-baod disusion questions. ] ;ss ths . '.:. rthpop| in thpitu rsdoing? -:. g|obaIistion imags do theshow? of . :. d thhdIins to ou? suggest ] ... nb don ountris to he|p dv|oping - ' '.. dvs?

s. cardofliving t r a de r -; tow o rl d

* : " C IV m ent in

Chap food who pays?

*sr y

T;
-

'a=

.
?,;#.

a.a=

'} Lookt th piturs andnswr the qustions. 1 Wht |brtions p|? rtking 2 Howdo pop| |brt ths oasins in oUr ou ntry? 3 ln Britin, Whn twopp| gtmrrid, thyftn .hn, |brt bfor thwdding with (llgirIs) or .stg' (a|| prt. bos) Isthisommn in urountry?

## # trfl*tr
#Afl*r#Ef *
Srah, Jane, Sue and I hd beenfrinds foryers, so' when Janeannouned sh was getting married, *. u*,uuo we would organis henpartywith'differen.u. wu u.,uig;o amping wekend in NorthWales. We 1 _*_-- imagined i,no.n* u beautiful spo tin the mo untains, pithing o u, tn t y 2 rivr' nd ooking supperon a mpfire. -flowing on the day we left,th wether hangd. W arrivd, tiredand irritable, just before sUnset on iJuyu.nins. , it 4 .'--.-_-, we was drizzling de.ided that the best ptaeto sleep w0utdbe a proper ampsite withfaitities. 5 -.-.--, w foundone on the edge of a forest. Afrera tremendous struggle, we managd to put the tntUp,thn headed for a elebrtory mealin the nearest pub. hreehourslatr, w Were sitting in the tent,listening 6 ---.--- to the rinbeating .Don,t downon the anvas. you j ustlo vethe so undo f r ino n a tent?,Sar ah o mm ntd 7 =_=_-as we got readyto go to sleeo. fterone of the mostunomfortable nightsl haveeverspent in my entirelife,we 8 pakedup the nXtmorning -.---._-and madour way hom. fewspots of rainan,tdampen my spirits,'said 9 _-_ .|t,s .lane beenthe bestr.lurl puny nyone o uldw ishfo r J 'he 10 r esto f us smiled unl ,uia no th ing.
2

" /ao*with a

Stdying th sample
Undrstanding tha tas
Radth txtand put the informtion a_f in th orret ordr.lgnor th gps. hprob|ms thfrinds hdftr thv'd found a mps| b Wht thfrinds going did bfor to s|p Wht kindof night thyspnt in thtnt d Howthfrinds fltbout thhnprty Wht thfriends imgind thhnprt wouId b Iik Whythfrinds orgnisd thmping wknd

Using adverb
omplt the txtb putting on of thsadjtivs in ahgp1_10. nthusistilIy vntu|| fbIy gnt| hurridl ironilImisrbIyoptimisti|l stadi| unfortunt|

".;;s

I
I

Stpsto better writing

etlle in a suitable \rlriting
in a story? mightb in|uded of th foIIowing 4 Whih . qUots sph fromdirt . o|ourfuI vbuIar . hdings . amUsing vnts or intrsting imprson| forms . dsriptions of flings . frma| xprssins you tiked of the points 5 Snth tetand find xampIs in 4.

Writing yor story

yourwritingmorinteresting Making Makit forthe rdr. intrsting Tryto makoUrstory your bontrasting or horrifing amusing, surprising, its|f. withth vnt xtations of th vnt
llr

.{

a:l l.

l.:l

,,'

Planning

Uingg9rund6
grund. with suitbIe thssntnes 6 omplte abouI goingto thwdding. xitd 1 | wsra||y in th outof doors mals our 2 Wimagind mou ntains. to th thnwnt Upthtnt, 3 Wfinishd narst 0ub. to ooka maloutof doors. 4 WgavUppartiip|. using a prsnt sntns ombin Wanoftn Empl Wo t in the pub. Wa te hmburgore. Wo t in lhe pub, ating hmburgar;. 14 and sntenes partiiples to ombin 7 Usepresnt _d. sntens to gomping. 1 Wdidd to lh ampsit. 2 Wdrov 3 Wputup ourtnt. togthr. 4 Wsat|os a b d to thrinon thtnt. W|istnd asWWent. Wesng thr. to h instrutions Wshoutd b xiting. it wou|d Wthought

.A with a 9 Prepare to writea storyntitId eIebration and maknotesabout: Dide, diffrne.' yoUrgoing about' to writ whatkindf |bratin n outing. a prty, .g. wddin8' t whtpointyouargoing thstor. to start e.g. ontain, o whtinformtion shouId hpargrph rtions itslf, vnt th for th vnt, th rson our to th vnt. . whoouwiIlin|ud in thstory. whatitur of th|bration. vououldin|ud

triting
Expand words). to writa stor(200_250 s Useyour notes Usthes your notsinto sntens addingmoredtails. you' ideas to hIp .l Yourxptations wnt (prhaps of thvnt udidn't to go?). (mayb smthing thvnt bfor 2 What happnd wntwrong?). (Did somthing thvnt. during 3 What hppnd our?) amusing (ws it an intrsting 4 Howouf|tboutit aftrwards xprin?).

Using prosnt Par|liiPtro

LhecYing
t 1 (hekthatyou hav: . organisd yourStory in pargrphs. . in|udd of ourstor. dtails |lthimportant . mntiond nd reations. flings (200-250 . writtn words). th rightamount

parfotith Using tha simplpatand |ho preent 6uPerlatives

.l_5 pst, th prsnt sentens usingthe simp| 8 Rwrite perft, and a suprIativ. Exmple night' l pen|4 ver! unomforIbl9 night l hva ovar pont' It w tho mot unomfortble 1 I hd vrlongjourn. maI. xpnsiv 2 l ta ra|Iv idnt. rod vry bd a 3 | sw rod. bump n xtrm| |ong 4 I drove good |brtion. 5 Whada r|l

l
Gorundnd infinitivs
1 omplt th sntens with th orrt form of ths vrbs. * omn dru go * phn p| e surtir* t|l* us ,l lr wntd |\4atthw' butth |i s n8g0. Mriahsto pratis pr.ft th prsnt bus shfindsit diffiU|t. Thxplorr mngd in thjLrngl fr months. 4 Niknjoys bsktbll. H's ptin of th shooI tam. 5 Whn l skd Louis abut thsrt. shrfus youvronsidrd Hv to u n lVrsIty7 Amypromisd hom bfr midnight. 8 Aftr Suhdfinishd hrhir, shewnt to th prkwithhrboyfrind.
6

4 Rwrit sntens 1_6.Us gerund nd th wordsgivn. rnpl Mttt||s,jokes pepl|ugh. vryw|l' rks Matt is god t tollingjaKa and maingpooplolugh'

Gorundaftr ProPo6itiona

Verbfolloed b1 grund o infinitivs

2 ompIt thessntnes so thar trufor you.Use eithra grund or an infinitiv. 1 l njo... 2 | an't stand ... 3 | 'mgood t.'. 4 l hat... 5 I,d |ik.'. 6 |'m|ooking forward t ... 7 l'm [dup with . 8 I don't mind... '1 | didn,t got th part, l styd t hom. lnstd of 2 WhnGrg.passd hisxms, h wntt univrsit. Aftr3 Rh| wasnnoed phon whnshe|ost hrmobil Rahl wasn,t Isd but Zo rda book, thnshWnt to bed' Bfor A|though h lost thgm, PuI wasn,t upset. Inspitof pIying 6 KrlIiks tnnis. H's lws it. Kr| is knon Other u6o6 of infinitivae 5 Rwrit thsesentns usingan infinitiv and making ny otherneessary hangs. .How 1 nI snd a txt mssg?' Sn wantd t knw .W'r going 2 ro||rb|ding thiswknd.,
W,vdidd .I 'm 3 sr ng Liston ight.'

P hango in mening
3 omplt the sentens with the orrt form (gerund or infinitive) of the wordin brakts. 1 .Didyourmembr (bring) thbah towI?, .No, I didn't' butI brought mswimsuit.' (g) 2 | rmmbr n h|idy to Austr|i whnI was hild. .Ar yugoing outtonight?' .l (rvis) n't. I nd for m ms.' (fix). 4 N4y biknds Itgota puntur. ) I rgrt (tl|) trd h wsn idiot. (inform) 6 I rgret fild oUthtyou'v our driving tst. .My propr|y., omputr isn't wrking .Hv (rstrt) it?, outridl,v (phon) bn trying |r sin sixo'|ok, butthr's sti|| n rply.

4 5 6 7 8

|'v rrngd .tina pssd has hi driving tst.' Fion has|rnd .Wh shou|d l askforh|p?, l ndto know .his is howyouply gm., thomputr inshwd N/ark .Whr anI bun MP3p|ayr?' Nik wsn't sUr .l'mgoing to |imb thtmountinl, Lizwsdetrmind

S p eakin g
photograph. the Desrib a diffrent 6 ln pairs, hhoose photograph. Thinkaboutth vntand howthe peopI Thnaskour prtnr: are fIing. . whthr evnt. bn to a simi|ar thhv .vs' . |f it. f|t bout howthv . |f .no' it or notandwh. whthr thewou|d njoy . whthinkpop| goto Vnts likthis.

Writing
in yourountr 7 writeabouta tim you Wntto fstivaI to hIpyou. or in another ountry. Usethsqustions 1 Whr did it tak|? 2 Wht wasit |brting? 3 Wht happnd? 4 What but it? didyuenj yoUrommnd going 5 WouId to it?

fr i+

fi

[istning
8 6),." Listn to to somone talkingaboutpproahes or are tru() happinss and didif th statments (t). f|s prform thanpssimists. 1 optimists bttr yournot whn 2 |t hlps to b honst andadmit feIing happy. thyimagin 3 Pssimists mk mistkes bus things willgowrong. psyhoIogists positrv thinking 4 Amerian b|iv yu hppy. maks pop| ) in job intrviws. Worring mks do badl
F -

xprossing foalings
1 omplt sentns 1_5with thswords. * bthrd * hrrifid * lost* verwh|md . rsntd .| inWs byJohn,s bdbhviour. Hwas arrogant andrud. Dvid histmpr whn| skd himformr mon' 3 Linda thftthtGilI popular. Was Vr 4 Pulworkd |at vry vning. Hf|t bth amount h hadto do. 5 I'mnotra||y bout spidrs, but| m frightnd of mi! 2 ompIete sntenes 1_7with theswords. Morethan one nswrmy b orret. * bome * |r * fe|* go * hv* mak run ,l Whada bitof n rgumnt lastnight butI thinkit he|pd to thir. 2 Whydo things nevr semto smothly? 3 Fromtimto tim,evrthing sms to Wrong. 4 Doyou be|iv thatthr arvents in our livs thatw no ontrol vr? l thinkyou ndto onsious dision to work hrdr. prssurisd Sometims lbywhtis hppning rouno me. |t's sy to dfnsiv you'r bout wht doing whnsomon is ritiising ou. 3 writethe nounformsof the words1-8 be|w. 1 happ 2 rsponsib| 3 know 4 diffiu|t 5 honst 6 r|ive
/ l n I no

Using advob
4 Writth dvrb form of thsdjtivs 1-8, thn math thmto th menings a_h. 'l ironi 2 optimisti 3 unfortunt 4 hurrid 5 stdy 6 nth usiasti
/ T D|

B gntl a b d f g h quikly kindIy andrful| srasti|ly gr|y or itdl hpful| r onfidntI wak|y or fintl unhanging| or rgulrl sd I

ompIete sntens 1_Bwith on of th dvrbs you formdin 4. 1 | wn't b blto om to yourprt on Sturd ftr |l. .l'd 2 Iov to goto thinma,, sidJne 3 lt hdbn rining |lftrnon. .h 4 wathr wiIlb bttr tomorrow,' sidthhiIdrn .Don't 5 ry. It's notthatbd!' sidmy mothr .I 6 don't f| w|l,, sidPu| .his is briIliant hoIid, isn,t it?- pouring withrin - justwhtI Iik!, andfrzing o|d sidmy brothr 8 .n't gotn ppointmntl, stop. l'V saidSaIly

xprssing topointsof visvl

6 omplt the diaIogue with a suitabIe word. you A Wou|d vr going onsidr to workin anothr ou ntry? B l suppos on theone.lit wuId bn intrsting xprien, buton th2 hnd, it might b diffiu|t.What3-you? 4 A Thr's thtit wou|d be h||nging -doubt thing to do,butl'm notsur if I wuld wnt5 6 prmnnt|y. lav m ownountry ours, l g7 - would short tim8 -l hdtn na n.

8 ritiis

6),, Fathr said, ,W,ll sail lik olumbusl, ,H was hoping to find India,, I pointd out sullnly. W sold th zoo, lok, stok and barrl to a nW ountry' a nW lif. Bsids assuring our olltion of a happy futur, th transation would pay for immigration and lav us with a good sum to mak a frsh stat in Canada (though no whn I think about it, th sum is laughabl _ how blindd W ar by mony). W ould hav sold our animals to Zoos in India, but Amrian Zoos wr willing to pay highr pris. IS, th onvntion on Intrnational Trad in ndangrd Spis, had just om into fft, and th window on th trading of apturd wild animals had slammd shut. Th futur of zoos would now li with othr zoos. h Pondihrry Zoo losd shop at just th right tim. Thr was a srambl to buy our animals. h final buyrs Wr a numbr of zoos, mainly th Linoln Park Zoo in hiago and th soon-tob-opn innsota Zoo, bllt odd anials WI going to Los Angls, Louisvill, oklahoma ity and ininnati. And two animals wr bing shippd to th anada Zoo. That,s how Ravi and I flt. W did not Want to go. W did not want to liv in a ounty of gal-for winds and minus-two-hundrd-dgre wintrs. anada WaS not on th ikt map. Dpartur was mad asir _ as far as gtting us usd to th ida - by th tim it took for all th pr-dpartur prparations. It took wll ovr a ear. I don,t man for us. I man for th animals. onsidring that animals dispns with loths, footwar, linn, furnitur, kithnwar, toiltris; that nationality mans nothing to thm; that thy ar not a jot for passports, mony, mploymnt pospts, shools, ost of housing, halthar failitis _ onsidring, in short thir lightnss of bing, it,s amazing how hard it is to mov thm' \{oving a zoo is lik moving a ity. Th paprwork was olossal. Litrs of watr usd uD in rvtting stamps. Dar r. So-and-so writtn hundrdi of tims. offrs mad. Sighs hard. Doubts xprssd. Haggling to b gon through. Disions snt highr up for approvl. Pris agrd upon. Dals linhd. Dottd lins signd. Congratulations givn. rtifiats of origin sought. rtifiats of halth sought. xport prmits sought. Import prmits sought. Quarantin rgulations larifid. Transportation organisd. A fortun spnt on tlphon alls. It,s a jok in th zoo businss, a Wary iok, that th paprwork involvd in trading a shrw wighs mor than an lphant, that th paprwork involvd in trading an lphant wighs mor than a whal, and that you must nvr try to trad a whal, nvr... ... A dputation of three Amrians am. I was vry urious. I had nvr sen ral liv Amrians. Thy wr pink, fat, frindly, vry omptnt and swatd profusly.

Thy xamind our animals. Thy put most of thm to slp and thn applid stthosopsio harts,drw blood in syrings and analysd it, fondld humps and bumps, tappd tth, blindd yswith flashlights,pinhd skins, strokd and pulld hairs. Poor animals. Thy must hav thought thy wr bing draftd into th US Army. W got big smils from th Amrians and bon rushg handshaks. Th rsult was that th animals, lik us, got thir working paprs.hy wr futur Yanksand w, futur anuks.

,.,9r"1$t

ttttt"ttt:tt?r' "

':....'f1t|.......-,--'..,.u7.'.,'**?........u.*|'***..'*'***?*.......*i

Your reations
thsequstions. ln pairs,disuss .howb|indd o Douagr whnh says withthwritr Wrbv mnv,? . DoousUpport likITS? thworkof orgnisatins Whv? Whvnot? of nada Howdos hav Rvi andthWritr thimge withours? ompar of . Hwffetiv dsriptin do outhinkthwritr's is? nim|s in shipping invo|vd th paprwork giv draftd Wht f bing thWritr dos imprssion withbing thisompr Howds intoth USArm? inttharmin yurountr? draftd to wilIrat . Howdo uthinkthwritr nd hisfmi| theirnwlifin anda?

.....,....,....,r,raa:tlitiiii'i:::r' .ar::,rr|.ri:r::::rr'

'..::|

Grammar
1 hoos th orrt option, a, b or , to omplt th rtil.

From Chanel t the Cirrrs

,,l 22-ear-o|d IrisPImr wrks for Gifford's irus. Sh -thr forsix months. 2 It mysm surprising, buttwoyrs agoIris top modI for hn|. Today herirus outfit with buttrfl dsign is fr ryfrmth s whnsheon| dsignr |ab|s. .l 4 Sowhydid shquitmod|ling? rmmbr whnl first -- .But quitnrvous strtd bus | 5wht to do,,sh sys. it didn,t tkm |on bus thr isn't muhto modlIing. Yur who| rr is bsd on 7 8 look Iik. Aftr got whi| | fd up with shows. I dn't --ou 9 rgrt it up t |I., 10Butwhthirus?.| intrstd in prfrmn rtssin I was .So 11 sm||,'xp|ins Iris. whnsom fmi|y frinds yar, thirus lasr -l sked thmif thr wsanthing |12 --do.' jbs Iris wsgivn vrious .I frommnding ostums to 13thnimls. didnt know wht to p .But 14 | startd,'sh dmits. jobs l,v don som tht I'd nevr dramd of 1 5 befr., ,l6|thugh in a tnt, ftn kn-dp in mud,|ks thg|amour of hr .l'v profssion, formr Iris mbrd hrnwrr withopnrms. mde mor frinds hr thnanywhr |s,,sh insists. Inft, Iris njoys it so mUh thtsh17-a fu||-tim rr in thirus. .|18--to goto irus 19 sho|', shsys..lf I did gmnstishv |wys wntd to do - l ouldmov intodning. hirus is m |if now 1 20 s hpp.'

ompIt the sntns withth orrt tns(pst prsnt simp|, prfet, or prsnt prft ontinuous) of th vrbs in brakets. (start) 1 |ris workt th job sh irus in N4y. |t's thfirst (hav) sin shwas mod|. 2 .Why rou |t? | (wit) forgsl, .Sorry, (miss) | thbus., .| (g) to Budpst lst sU mmr.' .Rll? l(b/nv thr. Wht wsit lik?' PauIwnts to workin advrtising. (app|y) H[orlolsof jobs'buth (nothv) an intrviw yt. Sarh (finish/just) a ttiI nddsign ours. It hrtwoars to ftak) pIt. om .Wht (ou/do) lst =wknd?' .0nSund|-(start) rvising formyxms and I (rvis) eversinl' ,Did 7 a goodhoIidy?, ou hv .Ys, it (b) grt, butwe (not hv/stil|) th photos dvlpd., .Yu 8 Iook tird.' .| (work) on myomputr |Imorning.' (ompletthssntenes with th orrt form (gerund or infinitive) of the vrbin brakets. 1 Whn |r finishd o||g sh didd (trv|) round thworldfora r. 2 Bnwskn on (bom) n ator' so h ppIid fora p|ae t drm shol. I rgrt (miss) th onrt. Evryn saidhowgood it ws. wnt outsid. Shno Ji|| (mk) a lI on hr phon. mobil Inspit (fl) of ill,om stiIl insistd on going t sho|.

1 wrkd b is working 2 a wsbing b hasben 3 a hsworn b wor 4 tob bb 5 a didn't know b wasn't knowing 6 a Irn b |arning -7 a now b wht 8 a doing b todo 9 a to giv b givn 't0 a Was a|Wys b hav lwys bn 11 foundd b hdfoundd 12 a must b ouId 1 a lookftr b Iooking ftr 1 4 if bs 15 a ding b td 16 Iivd b living 1 7 onsidrs b is onsidering 1 8 a wilIaIrad pp| b hv alrdy ppIid 1 9 whih b tht 20 a nVr Ws b hv nvr bing

hsbn working Was iswring being hdn't known to Irn whih don giving m alwys Wr funding ma |ookd aftr whn hv don liv wil|onsidr Ws |rdy app|ying Wna hvnver bn

8 9 10 11 12

(bu)a s h got ar, afford Grg u|dn,t instad. motorbik gv up-(smok) Brd finaIl After 5 yrs, rtts. |ga (go) to p|ay to thgm,Lu didd of Instd nis. tn .Didyouremmbr (phone) Gu?' .I nd to.I sawhimt sho|.' didn't (b) It fshion dsignr. imgind Kat oftn job. washrdrm (wath) TV,so shrad Suwasfd up with instd. mgzin (go) to th onrt, butthtikts Lukwantd out. wr soId

whih to Butthmost brnds app| sussful arthos produts groUps pop|. prtiu|r, man In diffrnt of w hih havo m 10 hav hadhug suss. Amria thwor|d oa-|a, forxmp|, is popu|r aIl11 AndLvi's ovr 7,000 sond. oks aronsumd vr 12 jns wor|dwid. rpopu|r -tngrs form (nounor 6 Put th wordsin brakets intothe orrt adjtiv) to ompIet th sntens. (appar), is quit gnt| 1 Dspit Dav histough 0rson. plnty f xitmnt 2 Simon wantd a jbthatoffrd (vry). and(rat) Was 3 Karn,s ngativ to th goodnWs p|t| m unxptd. gtany (stisf) sa 4 Iris f romhrarr didn't modI. (ssign) th alIovr 5 Shwssnt on mod||ing world. (ommre) suss, 6 hnwprfume Was thnks to bri||iant advrtising ampaign. pop|. (rat) 7 Fshion dsignrs rVry photographer, nd to 8 |fouWnt to b a fshion ou'|l (phtograph)quipment. buxpnsiv (ttrat) in 9 Thr r lotsof intrsting tourist London, suh asth London . given.

Voabu la ry
or b, for th vrbsin itaIis. th bstmaning' 4 hoos tam 1 Ptdidn'twntto dropoutof IhebsktbII hisinjur. dspil prt with b arr n p|aying of a stopbing pop out thoung staris going t thtbIoids, 2 Aording produr. withherging with b |ving thountry r|tionship a having with o working. wl|, buthe rrid wsn't f|ing Gry from b ontinud a toka brk fo livup t tmfai|d 4 Thnwstrikr of thfotbII fourgoaIs || H nI sord mnagr's xpttions. th n. saso b undrstand a fulfil on bouthrnwboyfrind. wou|dn't stopgig 5 Kirsty about b taIking nd|ss|y about a omp|ining prepositions. Useths th ttwith th orrt 5 CompIte prpositions. .. rund" for * from'= in = of '..on * " to with prtr plays ourvrydy Advrtising an important 2 pop| ovr],000 rxposd Iif. OnVera8, - on t|vision, r on thradio in nwspaprs, a da advrts 3 you what did You ma think in thstrts. produts hyshape knowbttr. butadvrtisrs ou ned,
4 o Ur at t i t U d W h tW o n s u m

7 (omp|te form of the words the tablwith the orret

Vr0

noun attrtion

adjtiv

ad v rb

1 2 3 4 5 6

appaI
ratIV

dfnd vary

prottiv|

Useth prfixs I Writethe opposites of thsadjtives. dis-,il-,in-, un-,ir-. ,l attrtlv 2 |ar 3 xpnsiv 4 |gal 5 6 / B matur rgnisd poss|0| rsponsib|

5 giv positiv brand imprssion Advrtismnts in Forxmpl, thimags thyus. thrugh thimges 6 and ftn stand sportswr advrts -strngth prfum youwi|| b irrsistibl dssuggst whrs suss, produt pp|. ndyouwi|| sa.buy this Ads|so to othr B 7 group,. th Woftngo -.b part -this produt promots oursIvs Widntify whih thgroup 9 K|in rthr than buyIvin might so tnagrs -, h anl.

y'l Makdjetives fromthsnouns. Add th suffixes and -/ess. 1 pa 6 h|p / nom 2 wondr 3 worth 8 suss 4 are 9 thank 5 harm 10 us

1hetltulrrw(o
Dsribe the reaturs nd the natural hbitats in th photographs. ompIte sentenes 1-4 with thswords. e osYstm * foodhin " onsrvtionist global warming " 1 is onf the biggest thrts to th naturaI wor|d tody. 2 |fthp|nts in a(n) dstroyd, dpndnt -r wi|dIif might strv. 3 A(n) is a hbitat andthgroup of plnts or anim|s tht 4 A(n) is somon whotris to redue th dmg donto tharth b po||ution ndothr humn ativities.

Reading
ruor falsequestions Rad ahstatmnt arfuIl your bfor mking dision, sthstatmnts maybe partiaIly trubutno1 om|tlv tru. 3 Rdth txtand deidewhthr statemnts 1-.|0are (F). tru (T) or faIse 1 Luyhsnota|ways workd as onsrvationist. 2 Thorng-utans Luy |ooks ftr areusua||y brought in fromthwiId. 3 Lu f|s thjung| p|e. is a dangrous 4 Luy peop| hasturnd to fmous to h|p herin hr worl(. 5 Luy is oneof thfwpop|e bI to h|p orngutans |arn vitlIif ski||s. 6 Bb orang-utans hav |os reltionship withboth parnts. 7 Lu imsto useherating xperin to th pp| about onsrvation. 8 heareLuyworks in is in dsprat nd of a new ntr. 9 0rng-utns spnd a |otof timin groups. 10 Moreresrh hsbn donintoorng-utns than intothr aps.

Luy Wisdom usd to swing on th trapzs in a irus. Now sh is swinging among th trs of th Sumatran rainforst, tahing orphand orang-utans what should hav om naturally. s Hlplss young olang-utans hav bn arriving almost daily into Luy,s ar at th Bohorok rhabilitation entr, usually aftr thy hav ben in aptity for a oupl of yars or mor. Rgardd as harming whn tiny, thy soon outgrow thir ags and ar somtims los to stalvation l whn thy appar at th ntr. Bing .mothr, to a growing proportion of on of th world's most ndangrd spis is not for th faint-harted, yt it is somthing in whih Luy larly rvls. ,I fel so luky whn I,m surroundd by th aps,, she says. .I fl saf ts in the iungl with th aps whn I am doing pratial stuff., Hr mission is rtainly pratial. Sh has bn stting up a wbsit, trying to gain global harity status and rruiting rok stars in hr ampaign to sav th orang-utans, whose numbrs hav falln by thr-quartrssin th mid-1970s. zBut Luy,s suprhuman ontribution to th saving and rhabilitation of infant aps lies in th fat that most of hr adulthod has bn spnt as a prforming artist and arobat. Sh may not talk to th animals like Dr Doolittl, but Luy thinks nothing of limbing 20-mtr high trs and pling zs paths of bark with hr tth to show young orang-utans what thy should b doing. .Thr is an intnsly strong ti betwn mothr and ba|, ad if that,s brokn, th infants don,t larn an1thing,, sh xplains. .I go into the forst and us my trapez skills to ohlp tah the small aps how to limb., It is littl wonder that Luy fls sh has arrivd at hr lif,s alling. Thr an b fw jobs whih nd arobati training and stag xprin _ anothr skill sh is about to utilis to organis a touring show to duat youngstrs s about th importan of onsrvation. Yt, as th nd inrass to provid an vn stronger saf nt for th verdrasing population of orang.utans, th Bohorok ntr
"1."***-!,s. .**'gggg$*9$b..**-*}* * - .

. ..,''-*'.=u{;

....-as ford to los its doors to nW :ntlants. Part of th diffiulty was th :roximity of a wild orang-utan ropulation, whih made th loal ::1as of prviously aptiv aps .rrpossibl and, furthr afild, th ::s hav bn ut down. Unlss . "rnding is raisd for a nw ntl, it l.;ill b impossibl to look aftr th .. .rg numbrs of pts whih ownrs ;i now willing to giv up. Luy is ]-loW ontating multi-national ;cmpanis to hlp hr ampaign to >ar- th orang-utans. i'. Orang.utans tnd to b solitary nimals, notiably so in oldr ag. - his is on of th rasons thy hav :n lss studid than othr aps suh s himpanzs - vn though thy .t lI 96.4o/o gntially linked to :]umans and appar to shar many :harateristis with us. Thy vn suffrfrom th sam disassas w do. .'r.ith th help of Luy and popl lik :; ir, th survival of ths gntle giants :lay wll b assurd. Lisa Bukingham Gurdi Soiet

a, t,

VoabuIary
AnimalProtetion
1_Bto theirmeanings a-h. 4 Math th nouns (|in 7) fr a stting 1 aptivity (|ine withothrs togther 9) b giving or supp|ying something 2 strvtion Iif h|pingtorturntoausfuI 3 status(|in17) (|in 1B) fr d notbing 4 ampign (|in 20) fight foror against somthing 5 ontribution (|in 21) f suffring fromIak of food or ding 6 rhbiIitatin (lin g a soi| position 40) or profssinl 7 r|s (|in 60) or in xistne h rmaining a|iv 8 survivI

'. ::

\^lordg urith oppoeit meninge

1_B.henfind wordsin th ttwhih 5 writethswordsnxtto thir mnings hefirsttwo Itters are givnto hIpyou. manthe opposit. * |osr u oUrgous * huge * inrasin8 + a nast ntur " se|f-suffiint *,vio|nt * soiab| meanrngs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 b ones|f blto mang mnnr having an unp|snt |rg xtrme|y brv in numbr biggr boming nerr withthers/not a|on living ggrssiv words opposits fromth txt h|plss n ti_ fa -.h0e fu
SO otr

you foundin th textto desribe othrnouns. 6 Usth adjtives mple 1 holplossbb

thsequstions. : Disuss i . Wht in thwor|d tintion? animls arfin othr . Whyis it important fromxtintion? to sav nimaIs . What arund thm? nhumans do to rsrv thwor|d |s

Habits
QliI<quiz
1 orrt th mistakes in thssentnes. 1 l,mgtting Upat sVn o,Ik very morning, I a|ways nV. - sh|ovs 2 Jane going nvr is tird t night out. - it r|l 3 Pt |ways arriving |t annos m.

Proenthabils

3 Lookat exampIs _ and ompIt ruls,l_3withpresent simpl,presentontinuous or will. a e'll turn up wering rumpled shirt nd sungIsseo. b ||e often meetsslteement disuss debt reliaf, but he nevor dresse up. Peoplare alwsriticising him. Ruls prsnt 1 Th is usua||y usd t t|k about hbit. Itis ftn usd withan dvrb of frunv (nvr, somtims, ot'tn, lws, t'). + lws/o 2 Wusth ntinull/t'orve r Io tlkbut nnoying hbits. 3 Wus t talkabout smon's tYpi| behviou r.

2 Readth txtand find four exampIs of presnt habits.

4 omp|te th txtwith th orrt formof th vrbsin brkts. Usthe prsnt simp| or will.Morethn on answer mayb possibl. ,l granddad(t|k)for l\4y hurs but tvhn hwas young, (tl|) h 2 stor aftr stor. H (b) good raIIy t mking thpast om aIiv. 4 (sit) in his fvourit sat nr thfirO n .0n, (|wys start) in thsam wy, whnI ws 6 just oung (lways |d...'nd hisstoris finish) .0f in thsam w, too, ours, things rdiffrnt nw.' 7 (a|wys |\4y sistr wnt) to knwwhthppnd (just to alIthpop| in grnddad,s storis. H8 .WI|, 9 (say), smi|) ndthnh tht's nthr stor.'
o da y, D e e mbe r 1 s t , i s wo rl d A I D S d a y n d so our mystery pop personality is the perfet person for t hi s w e k qu i z . P u l H e ws o n i s m u h b e t ter know n t o t he w or I d b y a n o th r n m . H e i s t he |e d si ng r of a h u g e l y p o p u I r l ri s h g ro u p , b ut w ho i s h e ? He h s be e n an i mp o r ta n t p t o f s e tti n g U p a n o npro fi t or gn i st i on |l e d D A A ( D e b t ,A l D S ,T rde in A fr i a) n d h as b e o m e a e l e b r i ty l o b b y i s t . He often meets statesmen to disuss debt relief a nd h as w or k d w i th t o p p o |i t i i n sto f i g h t f o r n ex tr a $5 bi l l i on t o f i g h t A l D S. h i s h a s r e s u l te d in ,Pe o p |e a r e riti i sm fr om so m e . Fr i e n d s s a y , alw ys r i t i i s i ng h i m , b u t i t th e p e o p l e h help i ng w ho ar e i m p o f t a n t . l t d o s n ,t b o th e r h i m.' ln on t r s t t o ma n y ro k s t a rs wh o d r e s s u p fo r thes oasi on s, P a u l n e v e r h a n g e s h i s i m a g. ven for a me e t i n g W i th Pri n e C h r|e s , h e ,l l tur n up we ar i ng r u m p l e d s u i t a n d o |d s h o e s . W ho i s t hi s fmo u s p o p s ta r wh o d o e s s o m u h to tr y t o ombat t h e h u g e p r o b l m s i n A f r i ?

5 Writ an mpl of an annoying hbitfor h sttmnt usingth prsnt ontinuous andlws. 1 Dnie| is nvr on tim. mk/us lv it 2 l\4rk nvr doshis homwork o p/m ln 3 I'mnotging to |nd S|| an sk/borrow m ony mormon. 4 urthr mks uswork toohrd! giv/us mor work 5 N4ik hsa trrib| sns of humour.t||/bd ioks Emple 1 ,slwsmkingus wit" 6 omp|t th sntnes with th orrt form of the vrb in brakts. 1 |Vly sister is trrib|. Sh my|oths without (borrow) asking. (njo) 2 Tomnd ||n w|king. 3 Pop| ftn m for mon forgood auss. (sk) 4 l\4ik (phon) hisgirlfrind vry vening. 5 l\i aggi (go) to th inma t thwknd.

Past habits
th qustions. 7 Readthe textand nswer wraIl |n 1976whentJ2firstformed'th bndmmbrs vrynight. Thusdto playtogthr stiII t shooI. nd spnda fw hours in a garag hywould pratise using Bonowouldwritethe musi working on thirsongs. h ouldn'tread musi. instad of notsbus numbrs of Now, th guitar! venblto p|a ln fth wasn,t arevrydiffrent. ours' things psthbits? wys anWusto dsribe 1 Whih thr a paststat? 2 anWuswouldIo Xprss pstatins? for sing| to or would 3 anWUsusd usd to and formof thvrbdo w usaIIer 4 Wht woulil th txt usingwouldand|orusedto where 8 Rwrit possible. Inth holidays, w 1 livedin Frn. Whn w Wr oUng 2 yar. W vry on th ost w wntto thsamvil|g 3 stayed I a got up hous right on th bah. in butifuI I 6 swam t thbah. morning and5 randown vr ar|y lng th wasgood andthnI 7 waIkd if thwathr 9 B gir| and I meta Onday, tharea. or xpIored bh W timtogther. aII ourspar thtw 10spent aftr 11bame |ttrs andw 12wrotIong vrgodfrinds 13 possib| nd s as oftn ah othr W sw vr wk. 1a going Lst outtogthr. w startd fwars |tr ar, for to thvi||ag andw 16wntbak w 15got mrrid urhonemoon. ompl wa uad ta live in Frno. Whon wo wero1fung,

Lt's ativat
otapta1
B, and radth A and Studnt 9 Workin pairs'Student instrutions b|ow. Student A Youarth hostof V htshowndou hvinvitd is nowa fmous H/Sh Studnt B to ppar on thshw. aUss' popstar, for humnitarin Iotof work nddos yoUngr wsvrydiffrnt. his/hr Iif ws butwhnh/sh Askustins bout: 1 2 4 5 whnh/sh wasoUnger. his/hr Iif fmous. hwh/sh bm day. dos vr whth/sh Iif is Iik now, whathis/hr Uss. for humnitrian his/hr work fora things important rth most whth/sh thinks |if. hpp, sussfu| :

*i ri

Studnt B popstr. timyoudo Inyourspr Your rih, famous to ppr auss. Yourgoing som workforhumnitarin qustions. |so A's answr Studnt n a TV shw. Prpr to think bout: for. Whydidyouhoos 1 whih aus/uss ouwork kindof things do youdo? it/thm? What yuwr yourroutin whn is nw. What bout 2 wht you ngr? fwyars. in th past 3 howyourIif hshangd

"' ". r':;. .;-"-,-

Re.scate

1 Desribe whtis happning in th pitur. Whatdo you think happnd bfore th pitur wastakn? Whatdo youthinkwilIhappen nxt?

hpurps of thwknd tivity h is tlking bout is a to findpeop| whrsuitb| to trinrsue dgs. b to ssss therisks f |imbing in thSottish mou ntarns. t give dogs on rsu tms som furthr trining. join d t did whih ndhandIrs rsu dogs tams. rsu Good dogs rths whih, amongst othr things, anbetrind a to kp almin unusual situtions. b notto gonywhr nar frmanim|s. gt to usd to thnois of irraft. d notto touh thrsu flrs. prtiu|r|y Dogs formuntin suitb| rsU Work 0a Us a h anrUn |otfstr thnhumn bings. b Th rsir to transport to thsitf thsrh. h nsniff out humn som distn awy. d hy nbetraind in a vrshort tim.

L i s te nin g
qustions Mu|tiple hoi Bfor Iistn, rad through thqustions rfu||, ou thnasvouIistn, hos thorrt answr. Puta dot . youthinkis orrt bsid thnsWr whnyoulisten yurfin| thfirst tim, thnmak hoi whnIistnin forthsond tim. 2 C6|.l Youar goingto hera rdioprogrmm about dogsthat heIpto savpeop|e's Iives. First,rdthrough ,l_5. statements hnlistnand hoos the bstoption. 1 hmanis suffring from shok ftr fl|. b brokn hio. no1hing l l|. d hpothermi' progrmm 2 hmnis on th rdio baus h is a dghnd|r' b townr. a rortr. d |imbr.

xpreion
3 athth xpressions in italis]_6 to meanings _f. 1 hypothrmia wi|| finishm ot'f 2 th dogs n,t t't'ord to be nervus go 3 whnresu flares 4 tody's mountin rsu ows lot to hasome longwsine 5 rsu 6 th dogs hvn't lostthirtouh a b d f xp|d mk |otof progrss rnotin position to stiIl hv thbility to do somthing hs |tto thnk for sombody ki|| m

Pronu niation
Wa form vrords
4 o6J.z are hwordsin itIis Listn to this sntn. weakforms. Whattypsof wordsar thy? thro| o/ |imbr. Iln playing

Ftepla1
10 ln pairs'disuss are and whtthesnturaI disstrs in 1.l. hoos Thendo th rol.pIa oneto taIkabout. . rivr . av|nh . rthuak wav flood. tida| . lorndo . vo|ni ruotion 1 1 Rdth nots nd takturnsto ask and answer questions. Student A You re You re a journaIist at th sn of a disster. intrviwing Mknotsaboutthe qustions a survivor. you ar goingto ask.Findout about: . whr whn th wr ding thy wr andwhat the disstr struk. . howthsurvivd. . howthy f|t. Student B A journaIist Your a survivor of disstr. at the sen Mak is goingto intrviw bout what happnd. ou notsaboutyourexprines. hinkabout: . whr yoUWr youWr at thtimf doing ndwht thdisstr. . howyusurvivd . howouf|t.

oIumn. intothe orrt 5 put thsprtsof sph r nouns . auxiIiris . dvrbs r artiIs . djtivs . . . l prpositions pronouns Vrbs Words thtrlik|y t b strssd Wrds ththv wk forms

o6J in irI th wordsyou thinkwiIIbe strssd thewakform ThenIisten and undr|in sntenes 1_8. words. '1 I nhr brk. n xitd wknd. ssssmnt thnnua| 2 I,mhre to ovr 3 It'sa toughtst. winhd up intoa h|ioptr. 4 h,r bing to sthworkof to Switzrland 5 Hwsinvitd dogs. av|nh 6 It'sme nt. 7 | ndn,t worry. of minuts. 8 |t,|| onlba mattr

Givinga ehortpresentation
12 hooson of th questions a short blowand prepar prsntation of on minutto givto th Iass. popl to b risks xpt 1 ShouId whtkeUnnssr rsud th srvis? by mrgn byth 2 ShouId srvis bfinand thmrgny govrnmnt t fund on hritis or shouId thr|y thm?

in Exris 6. Makesureyou 7 Nowradout the sntns strss the orretwords.

Spaking
Problm-solving
weknd. ln groups' tivity 8 You are goingon a mountain gt two thr, and hoose didwhereto go,howto ativities fromth list. . paragliding . skiing jumping . Iimbing . b ung . walking . snowboarding itmsto takewith ou. 9 hoos ightssentiaI

Giving a prsentation wi|| b udin ryto re|x onfidntIy. Your andspak in whloUrsing. morintrstd Don't frgt to kpan on thtim.rnotto ovrrun or finish tooSoon. quik|y stady or tooquitIy. |V|aintin Don,t spk too andus for brath.

o Sotrnd
.',.{; ,:"S.,*
l ;",i.*.{
:-i * ;,*" ;;i

-. a)
ltt

-t'

QliI<q.'iz
boutSot|and. Answr thsqustions of Sot|nd? 1 Wht is thpitaI drinkis mad in Sotlnd? 2 Wht famous traditionaIly war? do Sotsmn 3 What potWrot uldLng fmous Sottish Sn 4 Whih (sung v)? on NwYr's foodis atn on thniht of his 5 What trditionaI birthd y? laks a||d? 6 Wht rSottish is assoiatd withSot|ndz 7 Whih instrumnt mountin in SotIand? is thhighst B Wht monstr is ssoitd withSot|nd? fmous 9 Whih

Is his lttra forma| or b) rpIy to his ousins. 3 ad Bob,s for vourans\!lr. in stv|? Giva rason informa|
Drar hri and arah, orra| |o hear f.|a-- ' arr ominq to Brit,aint u a viiL.I'm orry c l, -,h2| | ?a won.Lba in London on th vning ou arriv.a!-,. -qhu,r vrry wlcomt ta overnight in th aI,'I wi!!' n'vr, b aD|a to mert Uwhrn ou gL bak from ot|and ' You aked m |o arranga trip to cot|and'whichI'vdon' |'vbookdou |w ra| nLhe 9, Lrain frorrKin/ ro |o dinburqh,You'r in oach B and our a| ar 29 and . |'vIfLou a nt'rwiLh Lha detai! of our Lrip which l.uggtoupik up withthrtickt from m flatmaLe. |'vralso baokdou inI;o thr Loh I1otIin Lhl n|rr of dinburgh for |,vnight,dinburgh' a bauLifu|, hitorica| cit with a magnifinL ca1|eand th taff havaaured m t,haLNhcan organi rxcurion anwhrrin co)land for U, f ar a viit go, | an ral| rrcommrnd Lh |,iqh|and' You Can rr bn Nvi,cotland' hight mUn|ain and Nhr wondrfu| rnrryof G|nco, a pI;acular moun|ainva||. You hould take a trip to Loch Nr, |oo - ou might th rridnt mon|er,which evryone' onvindltve in th |ak. Lookingforward to ring ou in London. W ithba tw i he , Thank for our |attr. It wa

Studyingthe sample
the tas ndsrslnding
in Nw but h hassomousins 2 Bob Iivs in London Radthe Iettr to visitBritain. Zea|and who ar oming fromthm. Bob reivd rrng trip to ,albe rllgrkf| ifo" old Bob, "i""; : b tri d sttlg to trv| l. 1':' '". idioll,,.,7ik, sig i !l W,,
?

i,,,1oitr* orsidis,

si1hk bu|,o"' I of thhtoril som | srr! .' Sottish the "',u, hotogolot i!., ots're ,re ,,n ti,,, before, ",*' pril yd.u-,o|d in /hen,,ing o th 71th
W'rrivei Lo/o ,"Eht.orni fu Sotldthe be b|eto tlkh tri ',o,,l .,*i s to st ovrightt *",,,"!1, Wold it b l/ ,ght for

P:::"il::l! .it;restd

t:

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Yors,

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..'' ':. : : :rr:::iittt:,,119:liittttir!tti'illllii:!u1l3t'll:'tttiiir':t'::::::',r'::r:::rrr:__'__'' .'' 'itur:l3il1?:li'iilqtitg:"t9ltlliill:ll-"

bob

Witingnotes
4 Rd th not Bob Iftfor his ousinsbout their trip to S o t | an d, t h e n u nder l i n et h s a m p i so f i n f o rmatio n in Bob's lettr. 1 train tikt to dinburgh12 pri| oach aaL 2 9 a n d 2 |ikaL wi|h m fiaLmaLe Jakr 3 acommoda|ion for 12-16 pri| Loch |'or|,dinburqh - te|:1379 27 771 Jakaha addra 4 viiL (orqanir'db hoNr|): | i qh| and Ben Navi* highet mountain! G|encoa_ va||! LochN - manIar!
..*}ia..'.'@g!1l 91i..i...,...}]}]:9l}*{g***o*Ell.-'*.*ll*.l..''.3l

about1ourownount1 lriting

your givingadvito someon visiting 8 Writsntenes your ountry and own ides. usingthsprompts 1 is a it witha I nrommnd 2 As visits onrnd, Youshou|d |s a visit to s4 is lsinrdibIy butifu|. wothings is fmus forrf

* a.

!: j s i1 ;1 , }. i;

whr un

nd--

Writingyour ltter and nots

Understanding th tasK
you havousins who Iiveabrod and ar 9 lmagine oming to visityou.You havnvrmet them but thy (travI, you to mak|l th arrngmnts haveaskd aommodation and visits) for thmto go on five-day tripto visita popular tourist arain yourountry. (120_150 and telIthm Writa rp|y words) to thir Ittr whtyou havarrangd.

out any 5 Rwrit in notform' |eaving thessentens (Nots be brif shouId always unneessar information' heydo not havto be writtnin and informtiv. grmmatiaI forms.) orrt to ly 1 | hvrsrvd room foryoufromMay1Oth of Abrden. Hot| on thoutskirts 15tht th Highland visit thislands offthwst 2 | ra|| thinkoushouId fantsti. bus the'r oast of Sotland isIands is Sk, nd many th 3 hmost bUtifuI of peop| signifin. of itshistori| visitlonabaus fromth thfrr 4 gtto thisInds, oUantak to Sky fromKy| of LohaIsh. andthr is bridg oast you stons n s th standing of Lwis, 5 0n this|nd ndquit that andnjoy thpa t a||nish surrounds thm. aIIth hkthatyou hvinIudd 6 Workwith a partner. important details.

InIuding alIth n(ssry information youinlud || th Whn writing a |ttr, mak sur ls marks. nssary Ifoudo not, wi|| dti|s. oU 10 writshortnots in 1_3rminding under th hadings yours|f whatto tlIyourousins in your lttr' 1 ransoort: 2 Aommodtion: 3 Reommndd visits: \tliting '|1 Did you mightndand whatothrinformtion inlud it in th ltter' for mpIe: . howyouf| but thir visit. . if ouwi|| whn tharriv. bthr . whr pikup tikts. wi|| thy

Stepsto better writing

Levls of formlit1
thyare forml(F) 7 Readthe phrass and didwhthr (I). or inform| great tht... to har 1 a |tWs pIasd to hr that... b I wsxtrmI fornotbing avai|b|. poIogis 2 |1 a I sinrly to s| won,t bthr. b l,msorry it. howto orgnis a Wrnotertain go it. surhowt about b Warn't to sta. vrywlom 4 Z a You,r foryouto stay. b onvnint b |twu|d tk tripto ... 5 a Youshu|d youto arrng a visit to ..' advis b I wou|d go,... 6 a Asfrsvisits ... to visits, b Withrgrd

LhocYing
12 hkthtyou have: . writtn nots. brief, lgib| andinformativ . inludd nd in yournts th nssar information a|| |ttr. . usd inform| stl. an approprit . writtn (120-150 in our|ttr. words) mount thright

Proen|. habits
1 writth wordsin th orrt orderto mksntns abouthbits. 1 for lwiI|/N4ik / oftn i hours / rd 2 hard Sam nd wrk usu||y l l / / / |i 3 hr/ brrowing / lwys l bikl brothr / Kt,s / is 4 kindlthelrelwi|l lthelvrllws lit lanl th/you/h|p 5 in / thos / r/ t|king l |ass lstudnts i ontinullv puntu| 6 l Pau|l|ws / h / is l |ate l is / nvr 2 omplt the sentens with th orrt form of th vrb in brakts. Use willwhrepossibI' (|ov) 1 Jan skiing. (go) Shvry dylf shn. (gt 2 |\4rk up)t 6.0 during thwkbus journ (hav) ha |ong t work' (not Pt Iik) wring smrt loths, he (vn war) o|djans and-shirts to goto a prt. (not Srh do)nywrk t thwknd, sh (prfr) to rlx. (hv to)b rfu| whnI
W | K.

omplte the sntns with th orrt form of th vrb in brakts. Usth presnt simp|, th prsnt ontinuous, or will.

A dream om tru
1

(tk) him for

(ris) 6 Ir vry dy. Sh=-(run) in prk th morning in the ndsh (go) t thgm ftr workif sh(hv) tim. Mthsitutions 1_6to nnoying hbitsa-f. henwrit sntnes usingth prsnt ontinuous. Ernple Thr ara vpr'{ron" hr,reIws34it's th.havon,t buf lt, nt trua' got n monoY. 1 2 3 4 5 6 b d e f h rVry mean. vry is bsnt-mindd. Jnn Pamnver says anthing niabout hrfrins. untid. ]akis ralIy Dve ndJn rrlIy unrIibIe. pUntU,. is nvr Jim tUrnup Iat forbsktblI prti los things ritiiss thm |os things bus hisroomis in suh mss gotnymon, saythyhvn't butit'snottru |tmdown

lllllll:"'lll'1",'"0 I:Io" ..::::::::ll. ::::".

Past habits
5 Rwrit th vrbswhrepossibIe. Us vlouldwhere possible or usdto. youngr Whn I Was w 1 Iivd in a smlI vi||g andw 2 hada dog.W3 took it for w|k vr dy. Wa lovd ourdog,butit ou|d bvrynughty. It5 hsd othr gams dogs, it 6 triedto joinin footb|l ndin summr whenth i-rm vn7 amit 8 st nxt to thvanand 9 Iooked 10gavthdogiat vryn. So manpp| rms thtit i1 bam ft'onit 12followed th i,l3 rm Vnt th nxt viIlg ndw wrr|| worrid ]a phond ]5 untiI thVanownr us' ly mothr hdto driv thr nd||t it!

2 |ttr? ver wknd thousands of pp| jkpot (imgin) winning thmi||ion-pound ndlst r'vk RbWhit,s drm am tru. 'Rb (|wys bu) a Iottr tikt t th i .H a tvknd,, ss hisgir|frind. (usu|| / buy) onOthwayhom (stop) fromwork. H5 t 6 (hat) ur|ol shpnd to John, thownr. 7 jok) (|was Thv going about who,s to win / thlottry thiswk.'.Ys,'dds prt Rob.it's f m 9 rutin. (lways l 8thwknd / think) 10 (strt)whn (gointo)th | shpto buymy -l-l prnts tikt. (not N4 spend) mon on Iottry 12 tikts, th thinkit,s wast of mony' h (a|ws m I shouldn't Wst my mon / tll) buing

-o U

(o ftn o f w inningth / dr m)

Reading
inluds: 6 Radth tt.Whihparagraph ,l nlusin - whyyoUWrot thisprson but thpast alout 2 infrmtion in th dos ndIiks wht thprson about 3 infrmtion 0rsnI dsriptln 4 a physiaI

Writing
you know'usingthe of somone 7 Nowwrita dsription samplan as the txtin 6.

h ;'i
:{!

Listening
8 ) .n You are goingto har nwsreportabouta r artru () storm.Listn and didif the statements (F). faIs ,l lstnight. Ws struk by lightning 0klhom thirhoms. initiIly by |aving 2 Pop| survivd rnowhmIss. of pop| 3 housnds b|own awy. 4 Somehuss Wr wkn up from nightmar. Harris ws 5 hd |ost hrson. aImost 6 RuthHnsl thnthis. nVWors don't om 7 Storms

,. :

A
I

derru

paron' artd artd Lr L |.re Ltv., d to o. L.m Lival9

I9 9.on.d.r^t'er qte kort ottd. Ke. 9t otv9 Lorltde l.rr Le Lotke St'e r.ot L.v o t. a9a' lre o.LL9 qot.; iedl9. oh. Lht o' rLL r9 o i lt t.r^. oLd L9 o.'d. Looks oru |..r r orw hqr .5

ker L9

Vi.tin'9

ecqe. t,.e t et otne ALtkog. Lr.t o . t'e' ol'.9ol't. . nd

tu."l'. .^p otLL ttre PeoPLq e o te o h r on d h er l,re ^p . th n'er9tror5 o tq 9, od LLL |-ra'LL o t ru ot cl,.qt. ^o.ke Sh o

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voln t qe. !rLd're. on d .N ot h er

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t.a or G LoN o.rud per o r^ KeLP Lo.9ktar Ke eLiev "u..o..,'. qkl9. roa tKer^ 9et etter 9oL^N9eY .r. a a.a t[t rar^arar o.^t o^. o.t o'd. rte ke oLd' .alg t Lo9l,r Lt' oN PLo.95, o.Nd e e.d tKe KoLe o Or'e e J'.d o- .o q t!.a vLlo.9e on.d rt9 9rol.dr^otKer o.rn.d. cta t.a r^o.i.e o."."t"", or9o.lt9ad avar|.'ru9. aitcoro.9e-d o...'o2' i-,"*^o^ota. :''^:: ka .L9
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J o9- Ka'a o.L+9" .^, ;; .,".., o:r!o( Lh.5trarut rutad to pL.9 ' rw5o.L o. 9d ti^a to t.rti. ;;.; 1"*l,'...ed o.4r^.ra r^9 9ro.i..dr^ot|rar 'f .
liope T or^ L.ka ker lrr.an.l:l!r. ;Ldar:;l,rtr,:r'rll'rll'

.a'

to"tad

9or Le.o..t^tLlt-g {\a

\tlordbuitdlng
1 omplete th txtswith th orrtfrm of th word brakts. Aording yrswth most1 to nW sttistis, |st (drm) storms nddroughts fortnyrs. ln thwrst.hit 2 ountris, extrm wathr rsu|td in (strv) ndhm|ssnss. Sintists g|ob| saythtinrsd a (po||ut) is mking signifiant (ntribut) to limti hngs. ording to thWor|d WidFund forNtur, th5 (surviv) of urop,s bears, Iynxs andwo|vs is bing threatnd. Som spis rn thbrink of 6 7 (tint)' hr hvbnsvra| (onserv) programmes, butttmpts to ris spis suhs th |brin (ptiv) |ynx in B hv fi|d. h 9 (dstro) ontinuing of th habitat f th|ynx mans thtit wi|| di out ovr th yars next fift robabl

Aeetivs uith -Iee and -ful

4 ompIet th sntnes withon of ths words nd th orret suffix( -lss or .fuf. Morethanon ansWr may be possibl for hgp. * ars nrm* n|* nom sUsS s I'Js 1 Aftr hisfall, thlimbr lyuntila rsu tmrrivd. 2 Lving littr ln thountrysid isnd i rrsp nsi bl. 3 G|obl wrming is hving fft on th nvironmnt. 4 Shltr is British hrit d vo td to h lp ing th ppr, gIass, Ry|ing nd|uminium ns is polIution. wayof rduing 6 Thdmonstration aginst nu|r nrgy Was Vry Lots of pop| ttndd

Environmsntal probloms
probIems 2 Mthth nvironmntaI 1_6t thir definitions _f. 1 global wrming 2 aidrain 3 ndangrd spis 4 svre drought polIution 5 hmiaI 6 oil slik a arf oiIthatflats on th s b longdrypriod substn thatmks thnvironmnt dirty nd 0ngroU s d inrs in tmprtur f thth's tmsphr rinththasbnfftd polIution byftor f nimls or p|nts thtarlos to extintin ,l*6 omplte thssntns with on of th phrass

Wordsthat go togthar
5 hoose th orrt wordsor phrases to omplt the sntnes' 1 |fouwonmil|ions youof punds' would our fmi| ndfrinds? a h|p out b heIp ovr hlplong 2 Lisa ||hroIdloths to harit. a gV Up b gav vr gV Way Sintists hav witha nwtpof arengin to polIulion. h|p rdu a om Up b omw om aross 4 |fouwnt to mk mon, to ouought 0eom |awyr. a mun b plnt of man, 5 In hiswil|, Sirjohnlft lotof prprty to Uss. a worthy b vlub| prious 6 0nMarkhadgivn Zothmony, it wst |at to hismindandskforit bk. hang b mk modify

tn 2. 1 Sintists sythtun|ss is stoppd, rising tmperturs wi|| us disstrous floods in Iow-ling ou ntries. 2 -, usd by pol|ution in thtmosphr, hs dstroyd mntrs in Nrthrn urp. 3 A |otof rivr wi|d|if hsbn ki||d bv from ftories. 4 |n 1998, ain Afri usd widsprad fmin 5 Som suh sth Ibrian |ynx, hv bn huntd Imost to xLintin. 6 h hd disstrous fft on sbirds nd mrin |if.

StpS h.Thirty.nin
b |ohi Buhn
Was iust fitting my ky into th door whn I approah, notid a man at my lbow. I had not sn him a slim was H and th suddn apparan mad m start. I ys. man, with a short brown bard and small blu floor, rognisd him as th oupant of a flat on th top r'vith whon-r I had passd th tlm of day on th stairs. ,an I spak to you?' h said. ,ay I om in for a and his minut?, H was stadying his voi with an ffort, hand was pawing mY arm. soonr I got my door pnd and motiond him in. No .ruu,. ovr th thrshold than h mad a dash for my bak Thn h room, Whr I usd to smok and writ my lttrs. boltd bak. ,Is th door lokd?, h askd fvrishly, and h fastnd th hain with his own hand. .I,m vry sorty,, h said humbly. ,It,s a mighty librty, undrstand. but you too th kind f man who would got I,v had you in my mind all this wk whn things troublsom. Say, will you do m a good turn?, ,I,1llistn to you,, I said. .That,s all I,ll promis., ,I,m a bit rattld tonight,, h said. ,You S, I happn at this rrromnt to b dad., ,What dos it fl lik?, I askd. I was prtty tain that I had to dal with a rrradman. ,You s I A small smil flikrd ovr his drawn fa. I want rrd hlp mor than any man vr ndd it, and to know i f I an oun t y o u i n ., ,Gt on with your story,, I said, ,and I,1l tll you., ollg, H was an Arnrian, frorn Kntuky, and aftr world. th s to out startd had bing prtty wll off, h for a orrspondnt War as H wrot a bit, and atd in South-astrn two oI hiago paprl and spnt a at urop!. po" familiarly of many nams I rmmbrd with having sn in th nwspaprs. H had playd about and politi, h told m, at first fr th intrst of thm, {)'s

l.t,{l flill{lT GDFRYARL GY Af}|RoF

olRf,eD BY

mn allians wr mad and brokn, Wh rtain Th from. disappard, and whr th origins of war am Grmany aim of th whol onspiray was to st Russia and

againstah thr. trust you' I I thought for an instant or two' 'Right, I'11 warn I should not, ar you if but bliv yu,r straight,
you that I'm a handY man with a gun''

ihn baus h ouldn,t hlp himslf. mak I am giving yu what h told m as w]l as I ould it o ut. thr Away bhind all th govrnmnts and th armis Wa sa s ubt r r an an m o v m n tg o i n g o n , n g i n rdby aidnt; it dangrous ppl. H had om aIoss it by got aught. I fasinatd him; h wnt furthr, and thn sot of th gathrd that most of th popl in it wr that bsid duatd anarhists that mak rvolutions, and A lvr thm wr flnanirs who wr playing for mony. suitd it and markt, falling a from n]an an mak profits ars. th by urop hold th book of both lasss to a lot that H told rn som stlang things that xplaind Balkan th in _ had plzz\d m things that had happnd why top, on War, how on stat suddnly am out

Your rations
qustions. ln pirs, disuss ths .I t this 1 Whydo youthink th mnsid hppn momnt to b dad'? th to trust did thwritr 2 What d outhinkmad man? nxt in thstr? 3 Wht do outhinkhappns Iik thisareso popu|r? 4 Whdo outhinkstoris Iik thisar? 5 Hwr|isti do outhinkstoris likthisin ourownlitratur? 6 Douhv nstoris Whih ons?

The troubre

vviIl
i tl:

groups' 1 ln smII disuss thes qustions aboutTV. o Howman hours of Vdo you wth ahda? . Howmn TVsdo ouhav in you r hom? . Howoftn ryou||owd to progrmms did wht oUr fmiIy wths? Doyouhav V in urown room? . Wht do yournswrs show bout thattitUd of thgroup V? towrds wathing . ou|d youspnd a month without wthing V?What youd instd? wou|d

l a n pr o v that th o mmo n fto rto tr o ub|-makrtl.] s ----:.-:]s is this: th y didn,t w ath no ugh V. any pr o l lms w o uI d hr i-.-:..id ed if p o pl had spnttheir tim w thing V. l kno w this lle'ls= . .. rather h a td ar gumnt w ith my par nts abo ut my V habits. l ,' .,..rd to s p nd a w ho | mo nth w itho utV. Th l o tto mlin is tha;:..-.. i l into far wors Drson. hre ar two things you qui|<ly noti akroutnot wati-l:l-.: -..,.. iirst is th at vr yo ne w aths it far mo r than thy admit. h .- . .: s tht it g i v s ho ur s o f go o d qua|itnter tainmnt fo r I itt| o st. - . -. - .",' |ong m a intained that V dstr o s th mind, but l,v no \\ :1]: .- ' l.- j:.- ..ii that pople who havn.t got a V bome rest|ss,dgr, i.l; :'i::.sJ rr'ith tr i via. I t r id keeping a diar y f th x pr iment:,D a 1. Lif ls s- ,.- t,- :.lltter wi t ho ut V. I ,m do ing so muh mo r , and fI a l ttrl]r :i-.' ' . tll so o n ....he so nd w k w as j ust dull. I fI t s|ightlynunlll .l-.: ] :. -.'\\,ar th at ver y ne |s w as having fun w hi| | o uI dn,tall r .' :l."s,: ]oso. G o ing o ut w ith fr indsals go t pr o blmati.l no w r alis..:1 . :: ]si t\Voth i r ds o f o nvr satio nsbgin: ,H yl D id yo u s ... th ,r i.. ^ iq ht? ,of oUrS/ I hadn,t! Peopl stjrtlrgarding m as som sol1 . -.r . .s. T h |o w est po ints o f th mo nth w r e tw o ng|anl-S::"l; iootb alI .' .s ni shop m a t hs,f r w hih I j o ind Br itin,s|o ng-distan |o r r t'J l s ta f i in listningto th r adio . Life in Br itain am to o lllll . h|t that dy. l know baus l stared out of the window wathin -.i..:i f the p o p ulatio n hur r yingho me to w ath th mathes. hn ttal disasterstruk. l got f|u and had to spend dar' i il:".:l. Dspit th thriIl f omfrt food nd rading th nwspapr in bed rl ]tr ih entral h ating n, thr e seemd n po iniin having a day tf sik i; .,u n,t wath V. l was bk t work the next day. h last fw days w er like being .hild l { o r hr istlas:ah 'null minut tok twi as lng as the reding one. ventullr,, liinightrept

around, nd, Iika drownig man finding dry |and, I ltin frot othstand grabbd thrmt ontroI s it il rrspurg|d! I hd rahd an osiso t|visuI delights. nd, oi ours,
yo u,V gussd it! Thr w as no thing inlr stin g nl

Tby Sott Th uardian

Reading
2 skim radth txtand hoos the besttit|, a, b, or . a No V,no prob|m? b V is bdforyou Wshou|d wth |ss V

Voabulary
q uestions MuItipI-hoie (not thoptions). his wiIlh|p First, rd thqustins youto fous hnred on wht to lookforin thtxt. go bk || th Nxt, to thqustions andrd thtxt. parts th txt th of options arfull nd undr|in youmake yourhoi. whihh|p a,b, , or d, to 3 Santh txtand hoos th bstnswr' questions 1-6. and about troublmkrs 1 What is thwritr suggsting pragraph 1? riminaIs in gtmost fromwthing V. of thiridas a Thy pop|. TVturns thmintoVn Wors b Wathing TV ouId hv bnfii| fft on thm. Wathing TVthywou|d hv nothing to do. d Without .it, 1? What dos rfr to in prgrph a TV progrmme V b notwathing thV nws d bing a vo|untr V in thwritr mk about Whih twoommnts dos paragraph 2? fwpp|. V programms app| to vr a |Vost vlu for V progrmms rx||nt b 0n thwho| mony. thm whoownV sts oftndo notwth Pop| vrmuh' Vthanthysy d Pop| spnd mor timwthing thdo. on? Wht raIis astimwor did thwriter h dir wasnots sy s hdthought. a Kping h hd. frinds thnh thought b H hdfwr hisf|ings begn to hang. Aftr thfirst fewdays, with onvrstions mrintrsting d Hewshving frinds. thftba|| wth Wht did h do whnh ouIdn't maths on V? Wa|s. timvisiting a Hdidd to spnd som TV. whi| vron wthd b Hwntshopping |orr drivrs whotoIdhim Ham aross Som but thm. Iistn to thmon th thth ouId d Hdisvred rd io. .totaI to thfattht in prgrph 5 rfrs Th disaster' prvntd to work. himf romging hisiIInss tnthing. ndouIdn't b h hadlosthisapptit to wth TVt hom. h wsiIIndunbl to wrkbus h hdn idnt. d h wsunb| 4 Santh txtand find wordsthat mean: 1 shw is tru(pragrph 1) somthing (prgraph 2 prvnt 1) 3 saysomthing is tru(paragrph 2) 4 |ook timbeus t sombod or somthing fora Iong yourintrstd (pragraph 4) or surprisd (prgrph 5 ttk suddn| 5) quik| (pargrph 6 move 6) (prgraph 7 tkesomthing 6) suddn|y or roughIy 5 Find phrases'l_5 in th textand hoos th orrt xplanation of their meaning' a or b. (pragraph 1 thommon ftor 1) point a shrd point b an unimprtant (pargrph 2 th bottom Iin 1) th lst importnt fat b thenIusion obsssd withtrivi(prgraph 2) things onstantl thinking bout unimportant in Iif b oftn onsidering whtis importnt 4 slightl numb(pragrph 3) a rather sad b notrl| b| to f| things (pragrph 5 a sadas ) a Somon whois upst bout something b somone to flsorrv fr V nd radio if 6 Exp|ain th meaning of thswords. Usa ditionar nssary. u aria| u hann| u brodast u DVDp|yr .*rording * sat||it TV " statin studio* rmot ontrol .+ * trnsmittrvido rordr

qustions. Disuss the folIowing Howmany tps nyou diffrnt of V prgramm thinkof? to b What kinds of V programms do ouonsidr )ntrtining, Why? b)usful, )boring? a Howmuhdvrtising is thr on TV in ourountry? a yu in our Wht wouId d to improv TV progrmmes ountr?

Relativeand noun lauses

Qtikquiz
in thssntns. 1 orrt th mistks gn whofirst dvrt 1 Thisis theadvrtising wasso sussful. good whr I wsworking fortwors 2 London hsmny dvrtising gnis. whatI wastaIkin about. 3 Thisis thadvrtismnt yout|I mwhr is thsttion? 4 an is h oming to th prt? 5 Douknowif Jms beIow do vouthink Whih advertisement Whv? is mor fftiv?

relalive Defining and non-defining |aue

the 4 Rad and underIine the txtagain Iauss: Iauss. Whihre|ativ rIative timor thing, 1 t|I uswhihprson, p| thspkr is t|king bout? 2 giv xtra informtion? ssnti| information? 3 giv 4 anbe mitted? to 4 th ruls.Usyournswrs ompIt to helpyou. Rules rItiv |uss to talk 1 Wusdfining or thing in thmin about thprson giv hy information. |aus. pronouns who, 2 Wusth rIativ whr, and when whih,tht,whos, reIative Iuss. withdfining pronoun rfrs to th 3 Whn th r|tiv of thvrbit anb omittd. objt t 4 Wusnon-dfining rlativ |auss th prsn or thing in th tIk about givh minlus. informtion. bfor ndaftr th 5 Wputomms pronoUns Wusthrltiv lus. whr'and whn who,whih,whos, ningr|tiv lauss. withnn-dfi usethtwithnon-dfining 6 WnnoI luss ndw annot omitth r|ative pronoun. r|tiv

s*r*e *n-$r* &** *

Readth tetand answr th qustions. 1 hqustionnair apprd on thbk of a pakt Whodo ou of fd. thinkit is aimd at? 2 What d outhinkth pUrpos of thqustionnair is?

youpeaulsandrisps. offers whe1esomeone at a prty @ vou,,, What do yousy. ,Notat thc momet, thanks.' a ,un l take a hadfl for mylrind?, .o good, this is lustwht l,vebenwaitinglor., lillingsthanteth. " who pointsoutthatyouoWhavemore visit a dntist o Y"" Do You: aake fi r re s o l t i o n t g i v e p t a k i n g s ugar inyo ur r o ffee?. offee? a hisuitwith yor a ,'n;;-i;;;;stitut, butstit|v b startsig youa mke to ook, who is a tantasti yiur moter' lel dessed ";;;;k ak? hoolte floor' Yoneedto go dowt the ground Gl You ar o thtolloorot a bui|ding' omfor ages.Do you: butthe lift doesn't stairs? the a tk for a liftthtyoukow isnt goingto om? . b vvait15mits to comeand helpyou? you.leill andwit for someone pretend to eerisethe pet.Do you: asks yo you, neighbour. whosedogyou adr. o v th ark? walk thrugh a two.kilometre u--no to.r garde by itself? the round run to animal the h ieve dowto wathTV? settle and throwa sti o the window

Ouestionnaire

6 ln pairs,xpIain th diffrene btwen

in 5 Usthe ruIs th pairsof sentens. you. to hIp whowrinvitd to 1 a AII thustomrs rivd frgift. thpromotion whowr b hrgu|ar Ustomrs, promotion, to th rivd invitd frgift. in front f 2 a harwhih wasparkd wsbright rd. our hous whih wsparkd in front of b hr, wsbright rd. ourhous, th qustions. answer ou|d we tht 1 ln whihsntnes usd? instd of thpronoun pronoun in an 2 an w omitthrIativ Wh/wh not? of thsntns?

7 Lookat the sntns in 6 aginand

and obio| Noun c|auo a ubie|.

and whihth is th subjt in italis 8 Whihnoun|aus of thvrbin the mainIause? objet mrrid. 1 l,vheardthtSuis getting untru. m is 2 Wht ar tlling ou ,l_5to phrass with phrss - to maksntns 9 Math a noun|ause. no id ] I hav is suggsttng 2 What ththr mt d thaskd 3 Wht 4 Hv u notid far 5 Woftn a b d wilIhlus in thxm. things? oftn buuslss thtpop| about. whtw knownothing wsmItlv unrasonbI. youartalking what about.

Let's ativat
Advrtising slogan
th 12 In groups, andanswr readth advrtising s|ogans questions. 1 Wht dvrtising? rthslogans b in ttrating 2 HowsussfuI do outhinkthymight attntion? yuhv Whdidyou 3 Wht vr sn? is th bst dvrt Iik it?

t lt
!

I I I

thatounts! It'sthetobao
ulll!iiii:::,,,,.,,r,,::l*:::l::U,,::rr,.,ittii:itl :::llalilliill

:"::l:::::tirrr::r'

Th.

ar thatthinks it a plan! ]

Noun |auoaf|.er indiretquo6t.on5

qustions 1_3. 10 Lookt xamp|es a_and answr whr thbankis? a Doyouknow is ng|ish? m if N4ggi b nout|| m howo|dshis? nut|| of thvrbin thfirstprt bout 1 What do younoti h ustion? partof thvrbin thsond bout 2 What do younti h oustin? qustion to introdu a snd words do WUs 3 Wht howold,wht, word(whr, whnthris n qustion when,I.)? usingthe wordsgivn. 11 Rwrite thsequestions goto shool? Maggi 1 Whr dos Doouknow... oi lrland? 2 Whtis th poulation m ... anyout|| phond? HasSlvi Doouknow... winthmath? Unitd Did|\4nhstr Doyouknow... DidN/ark bunybrd? Didounoti... to Kn? Hwdidth trvI Doyouknow...

Thetrainers athletesPreferl i
.rlllll::l:litt":'llt:.r:.:,u:lrllll:ll'lliiiit: ..'.1{!],.i*.]]]l]1]].'dii|ii]:::::l**llll:'''''.......'..]]'.i,iii:::.:::l]].],]'l9l,|lli.:i]::]::.]i'l]i]].:

hedrink everyne talking about!

ti.

fr! waiting bn 1l yu'v Thbnd ..,]

I 3;:n*i{!1!llli:t.,rrr,***tg11gil1',,,,,,1;;l.ili'l:ltr'l:""', ',,'." --..,.,.;:liill"tr!r':'::':.1t'f*"

,l3

you Iikand writslogans for them hos thrproduts Iikthose in 12.

TIlIDDwerof tlte lDress

1

Senr

Lookat th pitur. Whtdosit show? partnrs' rading hbits. . howoftn or nWspaprs / rdmgzins . nam of mgzins or nWspprs a typof arti|s a fvourit stion a most boring setion

2 In groups'ustheseidesto find out aboutyour

Listening
MultipIe mathing quik| Rd through ehitmforah diffrnt spakr. onouhv hosn an answr andrfir|y putth numbr rtin it is orrt, of thspkr nxt to thttion. 3 o6Jl.l Youar goingto herfivjournIists tlking boutthe futurof the nwsmdi.Radthrough statements a-j. hnIisten nd hoos th two ahspeaker statements maks. Writthe approprit |ttr in ahbox1_10. Thris n xampl at th beginning. |Vany nws sits on th Ntrmuhlss dtiId thn paprs nd mgzins. dd, b Inthnxt thNtwi|| inrs in importan. is somtims |nformtion vrydiffiuIt to findon th t lntrnt. speKor d hNtwil|ddto,notb substitut for'thnws in magzins nd ppers. Traditin| nwspprs ndmagzins wi|| bm morimportant. f Pop| rad thirdi| nws at brakfst or on thway
I O W O TK .

Firststatemnt Sond statmnt Spkr 1 Jssi Lemn 1 |a 21 Spakr 2 JohnWoodok 41 . i1 Spakr r) hris ampb|| 5 Spker4Rihrd oIburn 7 B Sp|'r 5 Jonti Smal| 9 10 fl 4 Now listngainand hkyouranswers.

Pronuniation
Using 6tr965 for maning 5 o6|.zRadth sntene be|oand Iisten to it bing saidin fivdiffernt wavs. Mthversions 1_5to thir manings a_. I don't spnd hours surfing th Ntfornws. a l'] butI do hv |ook thosinl tim|ookingthrough b i l butI do spnd Iong thpprs ] butmoIIgus do d butIould butI do forothr information

g radition| nwspaprs nd magazins wiIlnot disppr in th nxt dd. h PopIe don't trust man|ntrnt sits. i Whn th Intrnt strts brodsting tlvision progrmms, th ntur of thWb wiIlhng fundamntalIy. j Rding thnws on ompUtr srn ls |ss enjoyb| thnrding it in nwsppr.

6 ln pairs,radout sentns 1 and2 in wysthatsupport mnings a_. 1 | thinkmgzins wilIstiII b popu|ar in 10yars'tim. a butnWspaprs Won't b butnotnssariIy ftr tht butnotnssriIy importnt d butmyfrinds don't butl dn'tknow 2 |nthfutur, I think trdition| mgazins wilIbm morr|vnt. a not|sS b ntnw-stl mgzins butmyoIlagus don't d butnotnow butI'mnotsur

S p eakin g
itimulu-baed diuion questions 7 ln pairs, aboutth stimuIus askandanswr b|ow. . Wht is happning/hs hppnd? . Whois/was involvd? . Wht po|| rsu|ts suggst? ndopinion do thhdIin . Doyouthink in would bthsm th rsu|t of thpoII vourountrv? Howmuhof what do voube|iv? vourd Spking to an udin Look ontt dirtl at oUr udin. I\/intining wiII hold hlpyoUommUnit mssg and our pop|'s intrst. Rfr to oUr nots butdo notrd thmout. ak dpbrth voi so tht andtrto projt our yourudin yoular|y. nhr 8 Nowgivyour prsnttion to yourgroup.

fi

;*

f i.

Government accuses :l press of distortion.

Disussion
9 6)o., ln groups, didwhtyou think is th bstway to Iarn Usth boutwhatis happening in th wor|d. dia|ogu boxto hlpyou.hinkabout: piturs nd thdiffrn btwn sing moving photgrphs. givn thamount or V nws of information in rdi itmndin a magzin or nWspapr rtil. popIe thtimbusy hppning hav to findoutwht's in thwrld. howquikt situtions nhng.

f,

t+
I

Government
r\ 17o/o

press
25%

Neither
5g%

Females

14% 20%

26% 25%

60" 55%

Agring and disagreing nws is th A hrI btwn TVandradio diffrn rs. itu B l ouldn,t greewithou more!But ftr whil, piturs vn muhimprssion on u. th don'tmk Atull, l,m not sureif l grewith that.hn b quit upstting t tims' youseth B Youhv pointthr bt somtims just stop tking sm thing so mn times thtou nnoti. Tru.

A sroortrfio
go on? somtims 1 Whatkind of tripsdo studnts

a HowusefuI tripsar? do youthinkstudent

t he sa mple S t u dyi n g
th tasK Undrstanding
lgnor the gaps. 3 Radth tts. is but: 1 Whih rti| tribrod?b n duational visit? a studv writtn by: rtil do outhinkhasbn 2 Whih b a studnt? a thr?

Annuol trip to the Sie nce Nluseum

f ouryear thewhole 8th, 0n February to theSiene by oah travelled ofthe Gallery heFlight Museum. impressive some ontains museum of a serets the airrft, full-sized was what and boxreorder flight fvourite the students, ' _=simu|ator l _ thamazing f|ight exhibit ,Seret ofthe Life The experiene. .' good some had also Home'GallerY i Ul demonstrations mo n s l l al l u |l f intertive i n te r tI v e0e i: li: very,enioyable a andCD plyers., te|evisions -,itwas

LooKing at ontnt dtail

Whathappnd on th two trips? 4 Rdth ttsagain. feIaboutthm? Howdo th writrs

;;'';"--

o o *on t r ffi i iams' ams ' - , l.lio* London

, h.lfh.,Y]':l''.l]: nd thre .ning

o u r o a 0 n0 l 0 U

started sysl 0nthe*1y ho*:..y^1]l trffi omputerised li ,Where yer?, next going
i. .'o.r,l.teahers: areWe

]::

Stpsto bettr writing

The right ord
5 ompIet th txtsin 3 Withtheswordsand phrass.
from in highspirits ording to ||in |l part d thisr nvrthlss on thirrturn thfirst doubt without unfortunat|

member ountry oftheoffiil ffi *t , G United Nations, whih iti' tr.l.ir. ffifu;-'.*u=-l;# represented Samo' he student ffi representatives
Woodside PrkSh

6 ili.*..J1*fl;i1.H,ffi

|v|oD L U N t D NA,oNs (|v| U N ) oNFRN ln Jnuary every year, over . i 3000 **-*.

maning of thswords. hoos th orrt 4 AIlin || 1 Arding to a t thnd of in imitation int b tking vrthing sttd or b as onsi dertio n b rportd nat| 2 Unfortu a unIukiIy b hoplss| 3 Nvrth|ss a howvr b nott |I 5 Without doubt a rtainIy b hsitantIy 6 Aprt f rom for xpt dirtion b in di[[rnt

madenew i. friends ndtheevenings *.* o.'.jn.,l..'u ,..--..--.--.to soiaIising. the omments mdeby mostof the students l0 wonderful timews hadbv all! ].' 'i

estbiished thenin;;,;:;^ "^ .,.- , for the,.o ot .r'.*1.piff''':fl l.ff ::,T::l.: mostof thedelegates. ' , ttltuoents

set off their delegation. '

.:].].|'':i...l..l.::,.;i.....:..:,.il]]]]i'i]].]]]]]..]..r:..].],::::':]|l:::i]]:]]i:]l]::..l''........'.''...'','.'............,,,.,.]ii

bginning Writabouta trip of yourown.Writsntns ,l_6 in 6. with th words

vrbto givainformation singdifforant

if words. Usa ditionry of ths th maning 8 Explain nssary. hiv IIotapp| dvot.nourag stblish gthr mintain rprsntsIt formof one of 1-8 with th orrt sntns 9 ompIte th vrbsin 8 abov. forthe in th Hgu studnts ] |V]or than000 lastmonth. onfrn forthtrip thrs Wr bythir 2 Thstudnts to th Hagu. to goon th in thshoo| 3 Evry studnt ar trlP. Nations of thUnitd th membr 4 ah shoo| it hdbn World Warin 1945 thSond aftr 5 ThUN ws p ndsurit. intrnatinaI to at th to tkpartin disussions r6 Studnts onfrn. topi fordisussion. to a diffrnt 7 ah dayws fltthatthyhd studnts 8 At thendof thonfrn, grt d|.

l{riting your dsriptionof an rvrnt

Planning
Timing ourwriting h ln n xam hv a Iimitd timt writ vunIY pratis writing tsk. rtiming whnvr ou ours|f prss prtiulr taks. to shwIong thwho| tsk ,l3 you of an event(200_250 ar goingto writea dsription from words). Deid whatit is goingto b about.hoose on of thstopis: . A stud tripstudnts hv bn on . A onfrn studnts hv tken oartin . A p| prformd hv writtn nd studnts ,l4

*r

ff

:. ]

f +

|riting
as writeyourdsription. Givas muhinformation possibIe. Usethesidasto h|pyou. . Wht happnd . Whowasinvo|vd Wht ppI it saidabout . Whriwhen/wh it happnd

th to ompIte informtion 1ff Undrline th orrt sntnes. whn dirt sph to introdu ] Wusa omm/olo quotlion. rportin8 Wr bfor dirt sph to introdu 2 Wusa omm/olo vrb. or ftr a rporting mrksin th orrt 1 Put a ommor a o|onand sph pIae in thssntnes. It's fvourit sings 1 his Ws onof mgrndfathr,s nVr too Iat to Iarnl you he skd m Hv tim| sawmgrndfathr, 2 Evr gota bofrind? usd to sy. mgrndfathr 3 Timf|is

PooLh Quotingdire|.

LheYlng
1 5 hkthtyou hav: . dsribd whathppnd . usdthrrt puntution . inludd points musing information or prsonal som of viw . writtn (200-250 words). amount th right

puntuation of the 12 Redth txtnd put in the orrt dirtsph.

S1v haswritten book'Neve.r Morton' Roger .Goo.dbue;Parkstudent, 1 Woodside A former w h i hisab 0 u t t 0bene dinta ma iorfe a t ur ef ilm , lha . dwr it t ena 0 U pleo fha t er s t s ho o liust fo rfunsa ysR oge r,22,ofH illo ur t Ro a elain-ed. d, L o ndo After n. la mmnths, eo ut o fl'd univer sit ya nd six Roger _ iustto earnmoneY Want upwitha iobl didn't ended s a v den oug h mone ytogotoAus tralia 'WhileheW a st her e, * o : . . ^ : . : , , n. dw it inghisfir st saidllustthough'uo.un.::u1:,:l.^'::::,.::"'.oj o,o.,.Roger on,.,uo* notes proer h p t ersan dIeftita tthat.Now ,R oge r.sbo o kisa bo ut t o m a keit t t hei em a sr een.
:,,,1r1ilttr,!.tr,rl3il8!i"9?:llr'rsi31i:li1|ri{*llgi'il!rsi:i*ig'i}{{legi{i1*;?8991

|aue ralativs nd non.dafining Dfining

in sentns 1-6. Whihare Iauses the rltiv 1 Undrline dfining andwhihr non-dfining? thtl wnt to bu. 1 Tht's thDVDp|r hursdy, is ppulr whihis on Vry 2 Frinds, Amerin show. vryIong who is a TV prdur, works hours. mothr, 3 |\4 wassoldfr whihwstaknb N4 R, 4 th phto, of pounds. thousands you usdto wrk? 5 lsn'tthatthvidoshpwhr in London. whis n ator, livs 6 M brothr, wordsto ompIt th sntenes. 2 Undr|in th orret .l Hr's l toldoubut. th booktht/who/whose Ws rrstd. th mn who/whih/whose 2 ht's hd benwiting for hours, tht/who/whn 3 hfans, V str' mtth fina||y fra womanwhih/who/whos 4 Poli r|ooking t thairprt. wsfound brifs whih/whr/th,r WWnt to on 5 |sthtth rsturnI my birthday? whih/whn/tht I wenI n hoIid, wasa 6 Septmbr, month. wnderful thymdth fi|m. 7 Frane waswhr/whih/tht whih/whn/tht was busn fr me, B Th ar2001, wswhnI mtAIx pronoun. with r|ativ ln whih th sentns ompIt pronoun? sntens anyou omit th rIative l wstl|ing 1 Thr,s thgir| oubout. is byStphn l'v a|most finishd, 2 hbook, Klng. w mtlastwknd? 3 Arthyth pop| is vrold,brok dwnon th motorbik, 4 N4 moTorway. jakt yousn Annbought? th|athr 5 Hve th wswth remmbrs vning 6 Evron fi|m. Diaz amron in sntnes 1_4with that in th information 4 Combin with r|ativ Iauses. a-d to writsntns is verV x0nsiv. 1 hrsturnt Twist. wrot liver 2 Dikns ws grt suss. 3 hmovi hous. 4 Thisis thuntry a b d I wsbornthr. formnV H livd in London Vers. with|britis. Itis favourit in Arntina. Itwsfi|md

Noun |auo a5 subj9t and objot sntnes usingnoun|auss' these 5 ombin mple lf ws too epensive. to bu eamotl'ling' sho wntad Whtha wntrdto bw vldstao ponsivo,

,l Yurging whrl knlv Li st.lllt.hr. l kntl' ..' it. rllsmthing. l don'tbliv 2 Jd to{j ldon.tblit... It,s a goodid. smthing. 3 Yursuggsting Wht It's whtth bord bysomething. 4 Pol aroftn wth n V. Pl .., gms. p|ing wh l undrstnd |ov omputr 5 Popl ... l undrstnd wht. I don'tknow angr bout somthing. 6 Yu'r ldon'tknow... armoving somnws. Ournighbours 7 l'vhrd hus.
l V ...

lt'sintrsting. Smsomthing. 8 Mrkis t|ling . .. Wht

Noun |aue ftr indirgtqustion

usingth wordsgiven. 6 Rwrit thsqustions 1 Whr's th postoffi? Duknow... nxt mnth? on ho|idy 2 Arouging nout|lm '..? 3 Whois thatman? Douknow'.. meto the mting? 4 Did |\4rk you nti... Did 5 Howmuhis thisjkt? m ... nyout|I

Reading
7 Santh ttand find th nswrs to th qustions. in thirldrms ahnd Vsets 1 Do studnts whoshr hous ndhav thirwnV Iin? thirownV Iin? hnd whornt srat roms in hous 2 Dostudnts nd thir ownV lin? whos hav V Iin Dostudnts 0rnts on? if yound V lin 4 Howmuhis thfinfrnothaving |our V Iin ost? 5 Howmuhdos rordr? on yourvido to rord V programms 6 do yound V Iin py your for V Iin onIin? 7 an oU vlid for? is a TV Iin B How|ong for rfund? 9 Whoqualifis 'l0 Whr anoUfindmrinformtion?
t V Li*nsing 1rr

Listening
8

.k ii:ri

q
Rfrsh

Fl*fiA

;
{*

.ij-l,:!i]li

ff i
"**

ffig
tr4ait
l.{ os i"irqGtl i;{.Fi

int

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i.* o*

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AAl

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ie tt

*l

il

tr F

tr
ti

llf:t.{:l*{i

,o.1Jl'+ Your goingto hrfiv journaIists aboutth future :* taIking i* of the newsmedi.Radthrough statments a_h.Thnlistnand h hoos th two sttmnts speaker makes. * Soap mkit esir fr oprs about thir tnagers to t|k prob|ms. with b Soap oprs usulIy d| ralisti situtions. pikd hv up British tngrs mrian frmsap xprssions opras. d Sop h|p to duat oprs whtis right tngrs about ndwhatis wrong' Som opras ouldhv sop ngtive ffet n popl. prfr f ngrs to wth sop md fraduIts rathr oprs progrmms. thnhi|drn's g N,4or ou|d mn TV hnnls poorr progrmmS. popI h Soap h|p d| opras withdiffi mstns. u|tiru First Snd statmnt sttmnt . .

;i:

Speakr 1 2 Spakr Spakr Spakr 4

Writing
9 hoose one of the titlsnd write (about 200 shortdisussion ssay words). to Usthe form b|ow mka plan. is too muh 1 Douthinkthr vio|n on TV? t|vision 2 Doyouthinktoomuh is bdforyou?

/trodlctlot: Poi*t oitts for: ogoittst:

oc/sio*:
,g1;!il!lfl!t"',',,,,,,-,.,r*1.!{:l!:.:3rr!ll?i!r"1'rilrrrrf:'''"".t'!l}?:isa

IntAnt one

manings Varb ithdiffr.nt

with th orret form of th pairsof sntens 1 ompIt vrbs. hn math th vrbs to th mnings of thse one a-h. g maintain * prov* strik " avoid jhnLgi Bird thatuouId 1 a In1926, piturs transmit by radi. tlvision hst be onf our b Wathing popu|r pstims. most bdhadhs, wth TV] 2 a |fuwantto * |ss goto thinm. Hwantd to b Brddidn,t Phb. gthrd rad bhind thehi||, t 3 a Tharm thIimbr b f|ling rok' b Although h bdl injurd. wsn't thtto muh 4 a hpsyhologist tIvision wsbadforourh|th. is vrxpnsive to b hhus a b d f g h ondition kp in good is tru saysmthing prVnt kp from w is tru show smething hitsomthing turnoutto b suddnl attk

with on of th wordsor thsesntns 3 Nowomp|t phrass in 2. nWspapr. |ts is fuII tbloid 1 Th5is typiaI of |lrit stris. forth is a forVogu. Shwrits 2 Mysistr month. magazin vr | |rdy knowif |'m I lookt th3 Whn in tharti| or not. intrstd rther thnbroadshet 4 | prfr to rd h'r mor ntrtining. nWSpprs. th in thisnewsppr |wys supports 5 Th govrn mnI. is tor hTims. |1e trv|s ll ovrth 6 Robrt Vnts. wr|d to rport on diffrnt foritson fshion. 7 | buythSundy nWspr

,l_8. to theirdefinitions 2 Maththswordsand phrases lf neessary, hkyouranswrs in a ditionary. * ditoria| * ftur * brodshtoIumnist " * gossip u frign rrspondnt olumn " hedIin u tabloid pags, withsmaII 1 nwsppr short rtiles nd|ots of piturs ndgossip pgs withlrg thtdals withsrious 2 nwsppr nws storis of nwsppr arti| 3 thtit| in newsppr writtn bythehd 4 an arti| of th (th ditr) nWspapr in nWspprs 5 a spi| arti| or mgzins about a prtiu|r topi younrdbout wher 6 partf newspapr famous pp|.s privt livs who rports in othrountris 7 a 1oura|ist on Vnts journ|ist whowrits rguIr rtils for mgzin 8 a or nWspper

Nowpapers

on British 4 Lookat th diffrntthingsthat are broadast 1_8to th Mathth progrmm dsriptions t|evision. a_h. typeof programm pUts Tim: studio udin thirqustions to 1 Qustion politiians. |ding fightit outfr drm Fl With .. tiveoup|s 2 om hoIidv in okvo. A fasinting insight intolifn Wlking With Dinosurs: arth in prhistori tims. whnNikrturns to Albrt stndrs.. Dotis surorisd pIans invstmnt ndin Squr, nd lan,s mbitious disppointmnt. nws ndwthr. P|us a prviw 24..The latst 5 Wknd of thwknd's sport' grts Parkinson nd mts British Prkinson.. |\4ihal 0|mpi hampions. hitsfromthiswk's p20, Topof thPops: rh biggst withlivprformans. in FinlSor.. hk thfinalsors oming Grndstnd frmround thgrunds. a b d programm musi progrmm Urrnt affairs hatshow opr sol] f g h quizshow nws broadst programm sports dou mntar

T\,l vrogramme

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th n o t s . Rdt he t e xt n d o m | t ,l o n rl 1 | Vl npr n t l V p r d a: s p r lrathing h i I d n 2 H ou r sB r i t i sh 3

lking aboutyour ountry

qustions. ... ln pirsor groups' disuss th foIIowing . What In onrns do outhinkrth minprnta| ourountry? . Wht youIiv? pop| foryoung to do whr is thr r Howmuhbrodasting is rgu|tion nd mdi watrshd Isthr an vning thr in youroUntry? tlm? . Wht pop| mk of th Intrnt? usdo young Wht pl of our in th livs do books hav frinds? . Wht pop| p|a thoung mong roldosmusi know? ou

prday: N umb rf h ou r s h i lr n i i s th mdi

t l Ll | lrissmost: 4 N 4 di u m or : ng 1lpl bs v prts mdia usg 5 ut ff g fo r s t r i t i tl .l v a t r s h d ' * 6 i m f t h br d s ti n g spt t th|ntrnt 7 N4st ngtlv books: I P op| w ho pp r l a t p| d I, ivs bv m u s i i n tngrs P r t 9

* whndu|t progrmms in thvning start to b shown

YtrE e } le* new medla

l' use b A fasi n at i ngao u n t o f l e i s u r ti m e a n d m e d i ben h as p a r n ts t h e i r hil dr e n nd t h e o n r n s o f pub l i s he d. Parental conerns Pa r e n t s r e one r n e d f o r t h i r h i l d re n s a f e ty o utside is no t the home w h i l e yo u n g p e o p l e th e m s e tv e ss a y t her e rsult, a As live. they enough to do in the area where m u h m o r e l i k ely to . b u"" " o" " o| e i n th e U K r e their *u* " n g t e l e vi si o no r p l a y i n g o m p u te r g a m s than ontinentlountrpafts. Sreen entertainment dominates he study looks at the us of V, video, books, omputer yo ung ga m s, musi n d p e r s o n a l o m p u te r s .l t f i n d s t ht day. eah peopt e u se t h m e d i a f o r a r o u n d f i v e h o u r s the is et vi si on ou pi s b o u t h l f o f t h i s t i m nd ,wo u l d m i s s m o s t,' m e di um w hi h yo u n g p e o p |e th e i r e a r|y te ens many r a h e d h a v e one h i l dr e n them to attem.pt for parents onsider it imprtiable h y rely o n the h o m e . th on me d i a u s e i n es t r i t i ons m e d i a regu|ato r s. a n d good ju dg me nt o f b r o d s te r s n to h i s i s par t i ul r l y i m p o r ta n t to t h e m i n r elatio ,Vr y i ght y - t wop r n t t h i n k th e wa t r s hd t|e vi si on . good idea, and 25okonsidr it should be ten p.m. rather than n i n p. m, he lnternet. a twenty-first Gentry pen.al negative Th e l nt e r ne t i n s p i re s b o t h p o s i ti v e n d being a p o s i t i ve s soi at i on s for th e y o u n g . T h e m o s t a me an s of Ii nki ngBr i ta i n wi th o t h e r o u n t r i e s .enabling

li

*n:.o'"u':.:: relationship, new kindof pen-pal 1m!inins of the immediy the With ommuniation of longdistne ost. the is i"r"pi.n"'hemajordownside
The deline of books he ptae o f bo o ks in o ung peo p|elives is hang ing , threatend both by lT s soure of information and te|visionas a soure of narrative.hosewho hve aess of to a PC are twie s likely to use that as a soure they trendy; not re Books informtionthan turn to a book. ,your prents approv of,' ar the sort of thing M usi' m si, musi aessto udio equip m entin th hr e is almo st univer sa| ho me. The mo de o f dlivr y is o f little onseq uene, o ntntis king. M usi plys an impo r tantr o le in hild ren,s teenger s,I ivs. and, espeialI y,

I
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1:

G r am m ar
omplete thesesentens prsnt dsribing hbitsusing the orrtform of th verbin brakets: prsent simpl' + prsent will,or lws ontinuous. (dan) 1 Ddwithvron whnWgoto partis. It,s vrymbarrassing. 2 I,m tird of thsam old routine. ver da|(gt) (go) Up, to (om) shoo|, thn hom nd (do) m homwork! youngr 3 \4 brothr (borrow) myDs! |tra|| annoys m. (you/go) 4 to thinm vry Sturdy vning? (t|k) 5 N/o|l || thtimwhilI,mIistning to musi' It.s vr nnoing. 6 N4y frind (ask) bst mto h|p hrwithhr homwork. I don't wnt t butit,s diffiuIt to rfus! ompIet thessentns psthabits. dsribing Useusd possib|. to, or wouldwhrver Morthnon nswr ma be (orrt. ,l Whnvr I wson holidy, (get |up)vr morning at midday. 2 Whn I ws hi|d' (b) it sunny vr dy during summr. 3 0ur Mths (giv) tahr Iong, omp|itd xp|nations thatno onundrstood. 4 vr timmy fthr |ft th hous, h -.(forgt) hisfront doorks. 5 A boyin ourIss last (arriv) |t for ar Issons vry morning. ombine thespairsof sntns to makon snten using a dfining or non-dfining re|tiv Iaus and a pronoun. suitb| 1 Thiswath wsa birthd prsnt. N4y boyfrind gavm thewath. 2 hshooI hsovr],000 studnts. gos Mysistr t tht snoo |. Ptr is 15yrs oId. Pt/s fathr is in dvrtising' I bought ths books in Pris. hbooks rveryoId. Thtis thsprts |ub. Ithsan 0lympi swimming pool. |\4 nwdrss is palb|u. I bought it in a sal. hhotI in Budapst wsxpnsiv. Wstayd thr. M nighbour is vryni. |\/y nighbour h|pd m in thgrdn.

4 Math th bginnings 1-5 to th ndings a_eto makon sntne ontaining nounIaus as a subjet or objt. 1 | rl| rgrt . .. youartrying 2 wht to xp|in ... 3 Samhasfound ouL... youVr 4 hv notid ... 5 whatol think... a b d ... thtthskis so bautifuI in wintr ... whtl sidt ustrday yourpInning ... wht to giv himforhisbirthda ... is somtimes diffrnt fromwht thysa ... mks no sns t alIto m

ombin ths sntns to maknounIauss. go 1 Youwant to skiing. I don'tknow why. gon 2 l\4 frinds hv somwhr. I don,t know whr it is. 3 h skd usto do somthing. |twsto omp|t ustionnair. 4 Somn Ift bhind thirditionrv. I don,t know wh rIwas. 5 I putmglasss somwhre. I rmmbr whr. 6 Ptr is upst bout hisxamrsu|ts. I undrstand why. ompIte prposition. the sntenes with th orret = as::.in of :. on....t = with 1 hr's no point wathing Vjustfrthsak of it.Whydon't a bookinstd? ourd 2 ranastrd out th f6 window. Itws9 o'|ok nd Ptr stiII hdn,t turnd up. 3 hamoUnt of vio|n on VouId hav ngativ fft hi|drn. 4 Gm shows r|l don't app| m.h'r oftn boring andprditbl. 5 I wou|dn't rgard myslf a TVddit, l on|y wth tlvision fortwo hours day. 6 l\4y brothr is r||y p|ying obsssd omputr gms.

V o abulary
formof th withth orrt omp|t th sntns wordsin brakts. f ppl thL;s;ls in Afri. 1 ftr drought sVr fr haitis wr on intrntina dpndnt (su rviv). th \OntribUt)to month to mk 2 Tindidd Frinds of th arth. harit thatr ndtlgrd spis thr armnt' 3 Nowads (tint'. of on th brink mns thtg|obl in ir4 hinras io|lut) ontinu to gtWors. wi|| warming in ppl to kp wiId nimls thinkit'sru| 5 Som (aptrv). Up progrmmS rstting organisations 6 Environmntal po||ution. (nsrv) to rdu in n attmpt of with wordonntd th gpswith a suitabl omp|te of ahwordis given. h firstIttr tIevision. ,| uid pss pls? mth r--, Vou in Britin? ar thr 2 Howman t|vision you th ou|d r vat hom, 3 |fouhav fi|m fr m? Iat night V butit is things on sintrsting 4 hr som quit installd. to hve it xpnsiv do oulikto wth? kinds of TV p5 Wht hr without V rption to gta good 6 It's notpossib| an a_ w gt goodV rption in thisrabus 7 Wen,t f romthtrtoofar w in tht|visin filmd 8 Isthisnwomdy to makwordsonnted th wordsin italis Rarrang withth mdia. prdut. to s|| anh|p 1 A good dvrtising solgn influn on pop|. grt 2 Thpsrs a|hav do you likto rd? 3 Whtkindf mzgnis ystrd. tnth papr 4 l rd vrgoodlirt nwspaprs? wi|| vrrpla thltrnnt 5 Douthink papr tod? you in th Ih hdnils Hav sn 6 nwsppr? 7 |sa tboild a sma|| gissop tn rad mnulos 8 Whydo youthinkpop| prs? nwsp

-l,..lhoos th tt. th orrt option,a, b or , to omp|t

h right vrord

Savd from an iy hll

hgot moreth he lpih ourse| itroductor brgid for.
Whe Mike Striger wS it1vitd to go o

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.i: 1 . We st off from limbing mountains is not for th -2 oul Way to th :l our Alpin halt at 4 a.m. and would b Wissmis mountain. our guid assurd us that it '. an .asy, 4,000-mtr limb, but although things ]i .]l bad. gtting was wathr th a.m. nin by wll, .:'' W wer about 100 mtrs from th top of th mountain, 1 suddnly y find Damon slippd whn disaste| -. i1. and , a narOw opning in th rok. on of th guids i]. and hit .i:.. hld onto Darrton,s rop, but svral roks fll aidnt Damon,s lg. Siln, shouts, silen again. A simpl6 was going to turn an asy limb into a majo resu :-. ]i ' 7 the revi and on to th snow .i: slowly o,i*u, ..l., o of on a brokn lg, s slop. H was suffring -ln: .i' at that g,,", suggstdalling th mrgny srvis.It Was i thut th limitations of modrn tehnology barn ;] _gt any .i] apparnt. All of our robil phons faild to limb onntion. Blu, our sond guid, bgan an hour,s .; a signal. downhill whr h hopd to 'o -.]i old and darnp and thI ..l Fou hours latr it Was '' .12 a rsu tam. If w stayd whr w ':.'' was still rro -of a } Wr, no on would arriv bfor nightfall whih mant w should frzing, slplss night at ,800 mtrs. But } th risk f moving Damn? : '. Damon It was two p.m. whn w finally didd to lowr 1 w hadn,t got far Whn.w 's: down the snow slop. 'n irlin'g i: spottd th rsu tams. Soon a hlioptr was I,1l gl futur In abov us and Damon was winhd up to safty. think twie Lrfolimbing a mountain. Thbswer{. ntLondon t

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

a a a a a a a a a a a

wrm-hartd fint-hartdb strong-hartd md b took Wnt up strtd b strtd off strtd ovr struk b am hppnd down down Wnt fl| b droppd down or0eI b opration advntur outof outof movd Iimbd outof b pu||d for from bof minut b point sond pik pikout pikup vr b growing hving b doing signl b mrk sign tk b hv mk u||y Hopf lhankfully GratfuIly b
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ardio

1 Desrib what'shappening in thsepiturs' 2 Thsepiturs ar a|Ionnted with Bo|Iywood movies.

Whre do you thinkthe nam.Bol|ywood' omes from?

Rading
3 skim readthe textand find out whtth Woman riving th awarddosfor a Iiving.

qustions ruor faIse Rmmbr thatsom, butnotaIIof thinformation in thsntn mightb orret. hk boththsnrn youmak andthtxtarfuIIy bfor ourdision. 4 Dide whthr th information in sentns ]_8 is true ()or fIse(F). 1 hdor of Nir's offis is rminisnt of hrItst film. 2 on of Nir's first doumntris wonsvrl awrds. 3 Nair's grat rly had a influn on hroUtIook rs n Iif. 4 Hrlatst fi|mis omp|t|y diffrnt fromothrs sh hsmd. 5 hrainshusd in thorigin|fotg of Monsoon Wdding wsfak. 6 Niris ovrjoyd thaIonsoon Wdding wssuha hit. 7 Hrfami|y h|pd herto purhs many of th prps fr Monsoon Wdding. 8 Nairtook2 mmbrs of hrfmily to Veni frth fi|mprmir.

I\4ira lrJair
Airwys IBritish

veC]axton enters theworldof Mira Nair, whereNew Delhi meets NewYork

justoff MadisonSquarein New York, Mira Nir,s offies, are painted y e||ow. tw o to nes_ a W r mo r ange nd a bo |dsunshine he are alItoofmiIiar fromNir2002 hitfi|m, MonsoonWedding, aout _ r ight hao ti P unj abi w edding' |tfee|s |ike I ndia herein NewYork Yo uo u|d a|mo st mistake the humo f yeI |o w absfor rik shaws. Nir w as eduted in New D elhi nd at H ar vrdin Am eria. diso ver ed fiI min her ear |y 20sand beganmak ing d oum entaris suh po w er fuI subj ets as I ndian-A mer ian immig rants. But it was 1988,with her first Ii|m,Salaam Bomba,that Nair i r eputtiow nas launhed. ThefiI m, abo ut lndian p i s treet hi|d ren. up the pr estigio us Cmer a d'0r at Cannes as w e||s 2 5 other worldwide. he w o mansitting squar e|y in the |ar ge ter r a otta- oloured lea r mhir is a dir eto o r n to p 0f her gme.Nair ws b ornin 1 9 5 7 yer s in sma|lr emo te spenther ear list to w n.whereshe g rew with her mother. two brothers nd her fther, a retirediviIservnt. w as I ifein this r emo te I o atio tht n inspir ed n erIv d esire for tr ,| and new experienes. don,tknow if it was a sense of destiny,, s ,but Nai1 definitly l a|wyshad sure sense of wanting to know bigger w o r ld'A nd a senseo f fo us,,

Nir beginsto tIkabouther first post.Wedding projet, the re omp|etd Hsterial Blindess, whihwas madefor a US V hannel Ostensib|y, it a departur for Nair,who, untiIno has made fi eitherabo ut lndia,o r I ndians. I nstead. this o ne tells of two white,

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* *

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Voabula ry
Fitm.maing
5 ExpIain of th phrss in yourownwords th meaning Thnusthemto _j.(Sm of thempperin th txt.) ompIte ]-1 0. sntns a mking f st(n) doumntris g |owbudgts b powrful subjts plots pikd up n award h unusual d ppr i happ ndings astrs j ntprojt prmir wrld NwYork. fi|mbout 1 l\4ir,s might bnothr 2 Shfor hrfi|monsoon Wdding. youf| god arthos 3 Doyouthink thfilms thtmak with ? films with 4 |\4ir is w|| known formaking xtraordinr highly _ in onof hrfi|ms. 5 Hrra| fmi|y 6 Shestrtd hrarr b. likeimmigration. 7 A||hrfi|ms d| with8 Working withnbvrdiffiu|t on fi|ms indd. parts is 9 hoosing to p|ay diffrent thright ssnti |. ,l0 |Vmbrs Ni/sfmiIy in ttndd th of
Vn l .

.1 i king- lasWome : s t h e b rs o f N e w J e r s e y d e s per te|y nr oami n g ;; a rhing for Iove . ren she go tt h e aIlas ki ng , l\ s h ewa s i n B o mbay. h e rto d i re t h ef i l m , 'r\ had |ost in a freakX-ryaident fromonsoonWedding footage r e, f o u n d o u rs e lves :. the a irpor t and , so t hr e e m o n t h sI a te r we p y o ut :. o oting N i r .T h a n k s to a |a r g ei n s u ra n e in B ombay, 's ays , h i s to ffo r d l : er the a i de n ts,he h dfu n d s t i m ewe o u I d t o s p r . in th :-y rain!,sh e we we re s h o o ti ng fe i r s tti m e s ys ,| ugh i n g ' ,T h :. : ua|m ons oon . he s ondt i m ewe h a d s m u hf a k e ra i n as w e .,. nted !, the Iitt|e ]-t Nir is stiII revlIing in the idea that MonsoonWedding, ,h s . r she m ad efor he r s If of a s o m e t hing beome and h e r f a m i |y i m mense|y :-eno mn0n, ra m i |ys ,h e s a y s ,h v e b e e n a bi g fi Im. , H f i aveher . . . ppotive gh ' o o ti n t gh e f i I mi n N e w D e I hg of h e rfi Im- maki nS :-r 0pportunity fami|y and manyof th props to workwithher extended ,E v e r y m e mbr of m e m b e rs . :^d o stumew f ro mf a m i |y s e r e bor r ow e d -7 fam i|y in we wr e W h e n ap pe ar si n t h e d n i n ga n d a s e x t r a s . N a ir .,H I f . e W e rea p r ty o f 2 3 ,,s a y s tni efor th e w or l dpr e mi e r e W t, h e stw ho we r et h ef i l mf a m i |y :. th emWeremy r e alfami | y n dh I f ;, repI ayint g h e m!'
,,,:.:.,:::.:.:.8,.rrr.,r.3r.ili*Y::t:l:::r:ir-,.-.-::r3!&.rgftr'*i'*:t"i:"r,,.r,,.,,,,,ri,,i:r,,*-,-,,*,1g{i'!l9ttt""'t:t"t"'

questions Disuss th folIowing . WhyarIow-budgt hug somtims fi|ms likeN4ira,s suss? Howdiffiu|t a film? d outhinkit wouldbto mke . Whodo outhinkis mor whnmking importnt Whv? fi|m: thst or thdirtor?

Narrativetnses:Past simp|,past past perfGt Gontinuous, simple an d Gon tin u ous

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Pop goes the cash till!

l W hn an ida po ppd into hr had, 26-ear-oldSrah Rnnv rlly got rking! With a $,000 lo an Sr ah I aunhd hr businssw hih s o n bam worth stagging $8,000. lt ll am abo ut bus Saah, who studid maths at univr sity,o uI d ,t sl.tldow to a ib aftr graduting, so sh didd to go bkpaking round Afia. ,l w s tr avlling and I w s having a fantasti tim, buL I r an o uI o f mo ny. I had to go ho m aftr I hd b n tr avlling fo a fw mo nths, bul I w s d trm ind to r is th mo ny to go gain., Sar ah star tdw o king fr o m hr ho m in Glo ustr shi, impo r ting no vlty fo od from Amria to sll in suprmarkts. S had iust intndd Lo mak litl.|mo ny, but sh ws b iltn by th businssbug. Sh w s do ing so m sarh w hn sh hit o n th ida o mnuiatuing top -lss po po r n. Sh didn,t vn at it hr s|- b ut sh was so onvind thr was a mrkt for it that sh didd to risk stting up hr own ompany. Bfor lo ng sh had takn o n 16 po pl. Whn Sah ' rbginl iooking for ustomrs, sh . --(appoah,1 n of th biggst suprmarkt hains. ,|t .--(b) w h I . (x plain,) my idas t t hm that -thy , -(bo m) lly intr stdin th pr dut,, says Sr ah. .l . (b) dlihtd -whn th (did) Lo buy th of mv hom-mad flavours. Sh 8 (do) furthr -rsarh on th flvours whn sh o (win) ords fom svn big --supmrkts.I[ 'o---(not b) a]ws asv, howv. hr wr [w months wh sh (work) a|l d'ain th offi and sh ', (supr vis) '' --w o r k all night in th fatory. Whn Sarah I wt/hd ore to th bank to ask for a lon, th managr, lsk\/ htskd hr to writ a businss pIan. Sh , strtd/ hd stqrtd th businssin M ar h nd by th nd o f th r sh o md/ hd md big profit' Sarah . foui/ hd found it diffiult t first baus sh u nvr rn/ hd tlVrrun a businss bfor. Aftr she- workd/hl workd for yar, things ugot/ hd got sir.

qr''-z

omp|te 1_Withth orrt p,st sntns tns: simpl,pst ontinuous, or past perfet. 1 Wusthto talkabout an tin whih happnd bfor anothr tion in thpst. 2 Wusthto stthsn in story. 3 Wusthto dsrib omp|td vnts in thOast.

ln pairs, did whihwords or phrss Weusa)to t|k abouta rsu|t nd b)to giva rason. bus so so ... tht Lookat th pitur. Whtdo youthinkth womn, Sarh Renny, dosfor Iiving? Radpragraphs 1 nd 2 of th artiI aboutSrh and putths vnts in the ordrin whihthyur. 1 Sarh deidd to mnufatur oorn. 2 Srah tookon ]6 m|ovs. 3 ] Srh wntbkpaking in fri. 4 Srh bgan to work fromhom. grduatd 5 Srh frmunivrsit' 6 Sarh did somersrh. Radparagraph 3 of th arti| and putthvrbs 1_12in pastsimplor pastntinuous. th orrt tens: Readparagraph 4 of th rtiI and undrIine th orrt pastsimpI tns: or pastprft. look at howthe wordsin boldare usdin paragraph 4. Thenomp|et sntens 1_3using thwords blow. aftr b us whn .l Srah wasablt surviv shrivd h|p from h rfmiIy. Srh bm sussfuI shhdsId hrld t suprmrkts. lints am to Sarh,s offi, thyxptd to prson. findan o|dr

'l-4 and didif th underIind vrbs 8 Radsntns ontinuous. simp| or pastperft ar in pastperfet Srah amUp 1 Nobdy hadthought of thidabfor withit. forsvr| months, sh hadbn trav||ing 2 Aftr Sarah hom. rturnd hadrunout. hrmony 3 Sarh amhombus foodfromAmri had bnxporting nov|ty 4 Sarh poporn. whnshhiton theidof making .l nd 2 with th orret past tns: 9 (ompIete ruIes perft ontinuous. simp|e or pastperfet Ruls .l Wusth tion about ompltd to ta|k pst ation happnd bfor anothr in th tht or stat past. in th in t tIk about an ation 2 Wusthprogrss wasintrruptd byanothr in th pst whih tion in thpast. 10 hoos 1--4. th orret tensin sentnes whn flvurs benrsrhin ] Srhhd rserhd/hd fromsuprmarkts. shwonordrs 000bus been borrowing 2 Srah hd borrowd/hd shwntd to starthrownompany. Sarah hdn,t shstartd hrbusinss, 3 Bfor to b s sussfuI bn peting petd/hdn,t a||d in th hd workd/hd bnworking 4 AftrSarah in thftor. work||night offi shsuprvisd

12 omplt 1_6Withthswordsand phrass. sentens

."Ithough.. baus '' if * so tr so... tht* whi| 1 | Iik I nmakmyown bing myownboss deisions. thn it'shrdwork,I,drther workfor mysIf anyon |s. 3 I borrowd I ou|d stUp m own 3'000 busi nss. 4 | wasdoing mounts, suprmrkt phond mto ordr sompoporn. I had 5 | was xitd about thordr to phon frind to tII hrl 6 l hdth mon, |'dgo bakt Afri tomorrow. 13 writesix sntns lause: usingahtypeof advrb purpose' ondition, reason, and rsuIt. time' onession,

Let's ativate
|uden|. cafil youandourfriends 14 lmagin af startd up a lunhtim In at shooltwo yars goand it wasa hugsuess. groups, sm|I maka Iistof qustions to ask ehother to find out: . whr yougot bfor studnts hd bngoing forsnaks thid. . what yougotthidaforthaf. youWr doing whn . whouthought thafmight b sussfu|. . whvVoU f thaf. Wr dtrmind to maka sUss . howouadvrtisd th af. . whthppnd nxt. . howmuhmon youmd. . howworking for withworking forours|f omprd somon |s. yourquestions 1 5 Nowaskyour partners boutth af'

Adverh lauses
givus moreinformation 11 Advrb aboutverbsand Iauses th morinteresting. UndrIin makour sentens 1_6,then mththmto the in sntnes advrb lauss a-f bIow. typesof laus ,l l wnt rdr to swiIdIif. to Afria so thtI ould/in to svryIitt| Was thtI mnagd 2 tria so normous of it. from it wsso diffrnt 3 | Iikd Afri baus/s/sin othr ontinnts. st for |ongr. 4 If l wntbakto Afri, I wu|d I wsthr, I did a |otf trv||ing. 5 Whi| in Afri. | njod bing I don,t Iik thht, 6 A|though a b d e f n onditio reason tim rsu |t onssion purpos

BeCingr

tlest'

Lookat th photographs. Dsribe th work aredoing. WhatskiIIs thesepop| or quaIitis do peopIe needto do thesjobssussfulI? whihof thejobsyouthinkare: 2 In pairs, disuss for mn. a mor suitab| b mor suitab| forwomn. diffiu|t/sy forbothmnndWomn. :-

4 Listn th qustions. againnd answr

1 2 3 4 Howdid Rah| ftba|l gnt? bom What bttr t ding thnmn? arWomn somtims Wht footb|| gnt atua||y do? dos What Rh| hv to poutof th Xpnss dos mony sharns? dosRh|'s fmiIy thinkof hrbing a footb|l 5 What gnt?

L i s t nin g
Identifying statmnts th speakrs mak maymak Thspakrs statments whih sound similar in thtaskbutwhihmn to or rfr to thos quit somthing diffrnt. 3 d)," Youar goingto herDarrenFiIkins intrviwing Rhl Andrson, fma| footbII gnt. First,rad 1_10arfuIly. through statmnts ThnIistn and writ R bsid statemnts RhI th maks, D besid thos Darrnmks, nd N bside thosnithr spakr mkes. ,l usd t ba 1ourn|ist. Rah| juIian 2 Rah| mtfootbaI|r at a prSs nfrn. 3 Womn rnotassussful as mnt handIin th prss. 4 Rh| bm a footbalI gnt byhn. jobto fa|| 5 Plrs nd anothr bk on. 6 Rhl sms to b making Iotof mone. 7 Rh| has|ws lovd footba||. pls nvr footb|l 8 Rh| hrs|f. in footb|| 9 Suss dsntdnd on youarm| whthr or fem|. fmiIy 10 Rh|'s is d|ightd withthontts shmks.

Eplain in yourownwords th idioms in itlis that Darrn nd RahI us. ] I'vbendingto skyou. 2 hrportrs hrdtim. ngivplayrs vryw|l. 3 PIayrs ouIdn't ra|| dlwithIhprss 4 Thingsjust took ot'JfromIhere. 5 |Imks sns. 6 htsounds |ike n w|ul |otof mony. 7 |I's nowhr nars muhas it sounds. 8 It mustgivthm |otof strt rd.

Pronuniation
Vovrl60unds group vow| 6 Mth thwords in ah thathave thesame
sound. 1 fat 2 sns 3 womn a jo 5 rugOy Q'., happ sn injurd only hug pay men tim from
MUS I

m| prss 8iv mosl Unnppy

Now |isten and hekyournswrs.

Speaking
s boxto Usth diaIogu thisquestion. Q)'., Disuss h|p ou. forthsm ar|ooking Doyouthinkmnandwomn Wh/Wh not? things in Iif?

Soundbites Mon1, monI, monY 11

o6Js. moneb Abb and mon, Listnto Mone, omp|t th words.

i Using fiIlrs things to mn. wntsimilar Womn A l thinknowdas I Youknow. withIhaI. if | gr B Hmm,l'mnotsur things frdiffrnt ar|ooking thinkmnndwomn in Iif. iut whtlout lright, l suppos l,el/, ououId pIaing hr ar lotof fml footbaIl? Iik things for p|rs. footb|| o| ft,I p|y As mtter footb|| tm. womn's |o| Bkhm a Dvid nothr bm 5o,oumight pr rl su st sortof f ma| not Anw, thr's Wnt IhaI. Blive e, I wouldn't isthr? f thathappening, muh hn Younvr know!

I work||night' I wrk || dy I hv t pa_ ain'tit sd! To pth'Andsti|| nvr sms to b thr , - that,s |ft for m too badl A sing| p|n: l In mdrms hv |fIgotm.-man, l wouIdn,t hv to workat l|, b|l. |'dfoo| round ndhv mon on, mon, Mustbt'unn woild. ln th, mn,s Mon, mon, mon lws sunn In thrih mn,sworld. l oulddo! h,!l ththings lf l hdtlittl' woild. lt's rihmn,s mnIik to find, thtis hrd gthimoff m mind- in'tlt sd! ButI n't Andif h happns t bfr, m- tht's too bd! I bthwouldn't fn go |'llhv to So,l must|av, o LasVgs or lVono, Andwino-inagam N/y Iif nvr bthsm. wi|| horus ,t2 Answr th qustions. hv? do thsingrs 1 Wht kindof Iif of? thydremd mon hav 2 Wht wyof mking notwrk? 3 WhwuId thidprobab| .It's 4 Doougr withthsttmnt: a rihman's world?'Why/Why not?

fi|Irs Using angiv wo rds whih FiIIrs rusfuI outimto think. th asthiswilIgiv thm, howvr, D notovrus your findthwords thtunnot imprssion frl Ioking

A short presentation
(twoor thr 9 You ar goingto giva shortprsnttion .A from person'. somon Desrib minuts) on sussfuI lnlud: yourountry worId. nglish-spking or th . wht or hsdon do thprson . whtobstls thovrm . whtmks thmoutstnding givyour rsentation. Aftrah groups' 10 In smI| thinkof on thirprsnttion' hasfinishd studnt qustion to askthmboutit. Forxampl: prson? . Whdidouhos thisprtiu|r . Whdo youadmire thm? or rspt . What hdn thisprson? h!suss fft . What in th to thisprsn wiIlhppn do youthink (lf aIiv.) rs stil| . ;l: . futur? th rson -" r--I

I
I
i

.];i

Ionitlg
hisshepaIldDoIly wasborn in Lookat th pitur. 1997.Whywas DoIIy a sintifi breakthrough? hoose th orret definition, a or b, of the wordIoning. a prson or nimaI idnti| to nothr a rating prson th hrtristis b oping of or thing

Studyingthe sampl
th tasK Undsrstanding
3 Readthe txtnd ompIete the writingpIan. plan Writing Introdution: disagrmnt about |oning humns ^r*r*
Z

3 ArgUmnts agalnst: 1 2 3 on|usion: Sin Dolly Was sussfutlylond in 1997, therc hav bn ndlss argumnts about whthr sintists should ln human bings. As far as I an s, thr hav bn the main rasons put forward fo loning humans. Th first advantag is that a oupl who at th momnt an,t hav hildrn will b abl to hav them. Th sond is that, if a hild dis, th family might Want to bring it bak somhow * and th third and final Iason is that stm lls ould b usd to ur Som of th disasshumans suffr from at prsnt. I, prsonally, am not in favour of th first two things. In fat, I find thm quit disturbing. Th point is that a hild produd by loning would be lik an idntial twin of th original, so physially vry similar. on th othr hand, ths two popl would hav ompltly diffrnt prsonalities. Sondly, it,s my opinion that hildrn should b wanted for thi individuality. In making a opy, th parents ar delibatly trying to speify th way thy wish th hild to dvlop. Finally, w should onsidr how th hild might fl about this in lat lif _ and rjt this us of loning. To sum up, dspit on or two algumnts put forward in favour of loning humans, I fl that th main disadvantag of loning is that families ratd in this way would not provid a normal nvironmnt for th hildrn to grow up in.
i*{ .

Stpsto better writing

n argument ?reanting
4 omp|et sntns 1_7with th orret form of ths verbs. * pt* b * onsidr* disgr e putforward rjt " 1 Many hav in fvour argumnts bn of |oning. 2 Mnypopl hav thidthatw shou|d lon humans. howthhi|d might 3 Wshould f|. pop| nnot 4 |\4ost thidof |oning numans. 5 hr onor twostrong argumnts for|oning humns' 6 hpint thatthhi|d wou|d bn idnti| twin. l wouldhv 7 | am frid to withthtpoint of viw.

xpreeing fallngs
presss in whihthe writer waYs ) Under|in the diffrnt hisfeelings in thetext. you under|ind in th txtto Ussomof th xpressions fI bout statmnts howou eprssing writsntns ,l_'

Writing your ssay

Undrstanding the taK
on goingto writan ssy for and gainst arguing 8 You,re ,l_3. whihof the idasa_f of th statmnts Did or rejet ehstatmnt. ouIdb usdto support ,l W oId. 200ars wrt |st untiI shou|d l||ive withth poor. w|th 2 hrihshouId shr alIthir p|s. in pubIi 3 Smoking shuId b bnnd a b d e f vryon qu|. lt'simpssib| to mk ddits. tobao WshouIdn't disriminat aginst usto liv|ongr. |\4diins nab| youhappy. Pssssins don'tmk pop| smking. th ffts of pssiv |\4n suffr thldr|? WhoIooks ftr/supports

viewsfor and a_to exprss 9 Uson of th phrases against statments,l-3. mple 2no big advantgeof cretinghildranjut IiKe ourelies i thi wa 4n P56on Il our good points. t{owevar, wo might Iopss on II our bd pointe. onhiId. to hv n|y b aIlwd shouId 1 A|I famiIis s possibIe. hiIdrn s many lIhv 2 WshouId of ur thhartristis to hoos bbIe 3 WshouId ren. hiId ... of ... is ...,whi| a 0n big(dis)dvantag is...;howvr... b Thmain(dis)dvntg . '. wouldb ...whrs A furthr bnfit/drwbk justIik bing to rat human 1 lt wou|d bwondrfuI oUrs|vs. 2 Nobody toomuhint||ign. nhav thanwht 3 WhooUaris muhmorimportant our.

ln spita of/dopi|o
a_.hn 7 dth exp|anation and the amples ,l_4 phrase. ompIt sntns with th orret .Vn Wusein spitoJ/dspit if'. man Inspitof/dspit grund, in spit of th and a bfor a nounor fttht a laus. thft thtbfore /dspite a ln spit of/Despitetho hv 6n8w"wo drava int |ho ountride, mi56ingtha bu to hool, wo b tn spiteof/Despit If ot were fr our leson. ln spit of tht'ttht /Despitethefat tht it ws nowinghavil,we drava int tha ountrido. 1 2 3 thZoo. I agrd to go b p|an. flying, I don'tIik EngIish. w njoy studying work, || thhrd to | njod ourvisit nim|s, Iik l dn'tra||y w hada grat muhmony, nothving thissummr. ho|id amping

Planning
in 9 you re goingto whihsttment 10 In groups, dide writabout.

lriting
Looking at bothsidsof an argumnt withbfor viws Rmmbr to in|ud oudo notagr for youroWn rasons ndgiving opinion stating points of viw. withths disgring words. 11 Nowwritouressay about200_250 . In|ud introdution suitabl orson| . Writ prson| styl imprsonaI andlor in suitabl . xprss prson| in youronlusion. opinions

CheKing
12 hekthatyou hav: . in|udd an argumnt. was of prsnting diffrnt . writtn (200-250 words). mount th right

Narrtivs Past simplqpastontinuou, tanses: patorfe|. impland ontinuous

1 CompIete th sntns with th orrt form (pst simp|e or pstontinuous) of th vrbin brkts. (run)towrds 1 hthIt thfinishing lin (fal| whnh vr). (rin) (st 2 lt whnthy out) on tn]oUrny. (|ok PauI out) f thf window whn (s) shRs. (not 4 Thburg|r knw) thtthpoli (fol|w) him. (wth) 5 N4att a vidowhnh (h routsid. (mt) Assoon s Rihrd Moni, h (rmmbr) whshws. (shin) hsun bright|y sw (jog) th bh. long (rriv) 8 Whn thyt th part Vron (d n). th orrt form of th verbin sntns 2 UnderIin 1_8' wssurprisd 1 Srah bythsuss of hrpoporn businss. Shedidn,t ept/hdn't ptd it t ls ppu r. | plasd 2 Danwsra|| whnh sw.jss. |ledidn,t her s/hdn,t sn for |ng tim. 3 Aftrana rading hr bok,sh t'inishd/hd t'inished goneto bd. wnt/hd 4 As soons I rrivd at thirprt, I took/hd tken a tai to thhotl. Inwslat. Bthtimh gotto thfootbIlstdium th mth finishd/hd finishd. hlp/hdn,t I didn,t hlpd Kt Withhr homwork bus sheIrd lrd it whn t'inishd/hd ftnished lrrivd. By th nd f th d Slevewrot/hd writtn thre lttrs ppIying forjobs. Grwasupstbus Lisalft/hd lJtthe prtby th gotthre. timhgot/hd

th orrt formof th vrbto omplt th 3 Undr|in txts. Liz Slany has bom th latst ightn.yar-old hlsjust b story.Liz ' hd justfiishd/ suSs Intrnt -i,i"ghr on an work A lvls whn sh startd fashion tips for Intrnt sit offring up.to-th-minut of stting ,I , ldtouht/ hrld bt.hikitg ;;;;;8. girls. do,, a wh, but I wasn,t sur what to, ; d n sit for I aftr ,tr,i',.,I had th ida for futurfashio_1.l"* on magazlnS fashion hlbrdig id rl1/ to tak a plig, hd b pld/ hlv I' mo.ni,-'gt busy., just too I,m yal out aftr my xams,but now

A British linrr has gon rnissing on ount vrst. Paul Stinr 5 ht1 hd bns"p,lirnorthan ]5 -tp,t/ yrs iiming rfssionallyarrd , hr]l,ilbr]/ hr]bt |irbi, vrst thr tims {r. Rsu tams hav n working round th iok to iot him.

/ yester day. The m en1had serv ed ha fr o mpr iso n Tw omenesaped offiers Prison r ob b ery . r med fo r sntneS ser ving.l0-yr been thattheyuhad gone/had beengoinguntilit was too la notie didn,t

Advb c|auo
4 ombin th sntns usingth wordsin brakts and making ny othrnssary hnges. pIan 1 YoushouId refuIly. You'|| b ourrr (if) sussful. 2 Sl| Wnt to univrsity. Shwantd to gt godjob.(so that) 3 | gtto thonrt on tim. Thr wrn,t ntikts (although) Ift. (so... 4 hjob wsvrboring. N4ik lftftr onwek. that) (baus) wsIat. 5 Susi Hrrhdbrokn down. wsbrking intthhous. 6 Thburg|ar Huthis (whi|) hnd.

) peatng
F aa

Listning
6 {),s vourgoingto hrn interviw withom Frmantl. 1_6.hen First'readthrough the questions Iisten, nd hoos the bstoption,a, b, , or d. 1 Whydid mgoto ustraIia? to dvlop hisarr sa iournlist. b to hv y|ing hoIiday. to sap frombordom. d to support a {rind' withhim? Whydid omtkphologrphs of hisfmi|y a t h|p himfindpopl whoknwhisr|tivs. ppl b t nourg t offr himaommdatin. withpop|. t h|p himmmuniat mor si| d to rmind him of hisr|tivs bkhm' What wasthralaimof Tom,s trip? to rais mony forharity. b t fu|fi| |if|ng mbition. to nourag in hisfootstps. others to fo||ow d to sthwor|d bfr stt|ing down. diffrnt Whtdid omdisovr as h yld through u ntris? a pop| Wr mor frind|y thnh xptd. b whtkindof prson h ra|| ws. pIas wr rrt. thathisorigin| ids bout d ththis|ngug ski||s wrbttr thnhthught. Whydid omgo to Frmnt|? a bus h wantd to visithisfmi|y. b bus h hddidd to bom sai|r. bus thtwnwasnamd aftrhisanstor. it. rmmndd d bus atin har|s FrmntI job now? 6 Whtis m's a H's ylist. a profssion| b H's writr. travl Hospital. He's forStk N4andvil| sponsor d H,s an xpIorr.

photogrph' th 5 ln pairs,eahhoos Dsrib diffrent photograph. nd whatth pople hinkaboutth vnt bout: mightb fee|ing' Thntalkto yourpartnr . th physi| ffts of doingsprts. o th bnfit part f a team of bing . whtmks sussfu| th|ts

Writing
(about 7 writean shortssay abouta ralor 200words) journey. you havemad.UsTom'sstoryin 6 imaginary andthe points bIow to hlpyou. . Whydid oudide to mak thjourn? . Whn journ? you go n th did . Howwsit organisd? . Wht prob|ms didyuhv? . Wht hond in thnd?

lordbuilding
1 ompIte th txtwith th orrt form f the wordsin brkets'

Prepoeition
3 ompIte th txtwith th prpositions. You an us prposition morthanon' * as * by * for * in * of 8 on 8 to * undr * with is n 1B-yr-old Simpson studnt, butat thwknd Jss profssin| shrfrs rugly lagu mths. 1 Rugby mths usual| ndin a pafuI vitory onsidanddft forthothr, butsomtims during th playrs2 mth gt ppsing tms into -th htd argumnts th pith. Simpsn hsto Jss a giants' p. d| ths ngr nd rstor th prssur As rfr, t kpthings oUar5 .|\,4ost 6 points running smoothIy,' out. tim Jss -th it'son| but nforing thruls, butwhn thos ru|s r brokn, sombody hasto stpin ndsv thd.'And hr ski||s as pmkr hav arnd hera job rfr on th profssion| iruit. B Itwsn't hn thatJss wsintrodud 9 10 rugb. Shgotintrstd thsport hrfathr bus Ws on rfr hims|f.

r| f mv suess The se
N/Cuthn Martin up dr e s s i n g | ov d l,vea| w ays M .y and be i nggl mor ou s firs t '_- (pe for m) wa s w he nI w as age d10a t s ta g T h e nw he nI wa s a s h ooI. I,s pe n t fe w y e a rs tenage r but w e d i d n t in a gi r l hn d, get an yw h e r eI, . da| w y s , h athavi n g beI i vet d . (a bl e an ) d w o u l db e (b Ii e ve } your s |f in . o un d eno u ghbu , ti t i sn, tY e mof p e o p |e for mi dblte o you ndyou |s on e da l o to f m o n e .behi nd i n f a mo us no r a r o | t a u d i ti o f (|uky), I got t heh n e I n o n - s t o p. wo rk i n g b e e n |,v e ands i n et h e n s0ap0pe a . l ,v wo r ked (s u e s s } b e a u s e a g e m y f o r thinkI'm - - u ( o n fident) yo u d e d i t i o , need _l t h i nk ver yh r d. (ambiti o utso ) b e a n a to rY . o ua |s on edto b a nd7- u ( r i ti i s e - ) n dthat a n d t o e ptr e j e t i o n b| e -i s b e ing t 0 s U e s s th e s e r e t I th . ink n be fr u st r t i ng y o u r t i m ewor king o f m o s t s p e n d . ou i n y0u rar e e rY ha ppy ( n th u s i a s t i ) fit. or I my 0f'_h veI o t s so y ou shou l d eah b u t m e ra s , g o t h e f r o n t o f i n w h e nI o n f In r vous .o (ahievea ) ,n e W 0 n qur st. timl s e i t as a n w - ,ria..r.rr:....arr:.:lliriirii':rr::rr:r1..]*;:rla:.:.r..':r:lrrr::.::r::':::;irrrr::,:..-.-.t:r.l

that go togthr |ord

4 hoos th bstWord, , b, or , to omp|t sntns 1-5. 1 Olivr Was to askth popstar forhr utogrph, buthwstoosh. ding b shokd xitd 2 Bradhsnothing to bk on if h Ioses hisjob. a f|| b om look 3 eng strs find it diffiu|t oftn to da| b hnd| op th prss |t

Phrasal verb6
2 omplt sntns 1_6with the orrt form of n f thesphrasal verbs. * bk U brk up * | down* pikup u pi| up * turnto 1 Whn Luk arrivd at thfootof th mountin, his nthusism forth|imb fr. 2 hpopgroup aftr lwmonths' Nobod ws buying thirrrds. hnks t my boss me-, I mnagd to gt prmotin. the 4 Bfr |aving frthairprt' l hdto my tikt fromthtrv| gnt. 5 0n myfirst dyt work, thmngr thrules ndt|dmwhtI wsrsnsibl for. 6 mm ouldn't op withhrnwjob.hwork ndthr Ws no timto do vrthing.

4 Profssion| footbl|rs rbI to rn(n) f mn. wful b trrib| hrribI

|fou'r mode| it sns to prpar ourslf job.l\4ost foranthr mod||ing arrs rvryshort. a ss b maks ns

jobs 6ilts and qualitionoodod in diffrnt

5 Mth ths skilIs or quaIitis to thejobsbIow. u omputr-|itrte e onfidnt u rat!ve * flunt u good in two|ngugs ommunition skiIls n organistion| * ptint * physill ski||s fit * rsoonsib| srtri| * soib| ski||s Iifguard persona| assistant tour guide

ovntGardn

F*.'#
North-ast of Trafalgar Squar bgins th maz f naIIoW Strtsand tiny allys alld ovnt Gardn, now th ntr of nttainmnt in Londn but on a ntorious low-lif distrit and a riminal haunt. hr has bn som typ f markt on this spot for mor than 3O0 yars, but th nam atually drivs frm th onvent gardn that oupid th ara until th tim f Hnry VIII, when th onvnt was abandond. AtthntIofovntGardnlisaobblston squaIandsuprbstlandglassmarktpvilions onstrutd ln th 1830s to hous flowr, fruit, and stalls.Th marktwas movd to nW. vgtabl qurtrssouth of th rivr Thames in 1'974,and th old dl't'i.t passd into svral yars of povrty and nglt. uiin th arly 1980s, ovnt Gardn was shps, and rfurbishd into an ara of rStaurarrts, (stret buskrs afs. It,s now a showpla for ntrtainrs),and a summr paadisbth fo offi wrkrs at lunh tim and for tourists. Th popular Jubil arket at th wknd offrs a olourful mixtur of arts and rafts, food stalls and puppt shows. But th ation rally heats up at night. ni" with a tast for nglish traditin might drink at th many anint pubs in th ara suh as th Lamb and Flag, a sixtnth ntury pub known in its rrror ,Buket of Blood,. Tutton,s af is sinistrays as th good for a quit hat, whil th Rok Gardn offs ear-shattringmusi. ovnt Gardn is als Synonymous with British thatr, for th distrit plays host to th l"lstof London,s drama, musi, and dan. It is also popular for afternoon shpping, spially Nal Strt with its uniqu olltion of spiality shps. on shp slls only kits, anothr dals in shlls. Book lvrs usually had for Charing ross Road, whih marks th westrn boundaiy f th ovnt Gardn distrit With a solid wall of book shps, all of whih have a grat atmosphr. It,s all a far ry from th distrit of low lif and rim that it usd to bl ,:. .]

.. ... .. .. .....

Rad qustions. th txtnd answr th foI|owing 1 HwIong hsthrbn ssitd with mrkt? 2 Whr dos thnm ovnt Grdn origint from? yoU Wht an findt thntr of ovnt Grdn? 4 Wht hangs tookpI whn thrWas rfurbishd? 5 Wht nyoufindt thJubi| N/rkt? 6 What kindof night lifnbfound in ovnt Grdn? 7 What is unusuI but thshops in NI Strt? 8 What is hring ross Rod fmous for?

Talking aboutyourountry
] ... ': Z Answer qustions yourountr. ths about 1 Doyouhv nyars similr in to ovnt Grdn oUntr? an dsrib thm? oUr ou 2 Wht kinds of || mrkts do uhav? Howdo hngd ovr thrs? outhinkthyhav 3 HowommOn is busking in ourountr y? 4 Wht youIiv? is thnight lif|ik whr Howdo think it might improvd? b ou pIa 5 What kinds of rfurbishmnt hv tkn rntl in urtownor it? 6 Howimportnt is it to kep on invsting timnd mony in improving thsurroundings ndfailitis in ourommunitis?

.]]

]. ]

7he

7aorreleste

;:1t;!i'.!1:i;;:i$lt..-,,':tit;i1t.t'xi*'i*&i*nia?'rtrr*''ial1;'''

_ I

you agrwiththis statmnt: i whther 1 ln pairs,disuss .. bgin to in thsathatw n't rraturs Thr : .. imgin.

Reading
if of theswords.Usea ditionary th meaning 2 xpIain neessary. * sails * * " abin argo rW dek" |ifbot

.l ] .:, . : .:

on 4 Dembr, th ship was sightd by aptain oorhous of th ship Di Gratia, about 600 mils wst of th Azors . Puzzled y hr irrgular movmnts, Moorhous snt a small boarding pafi to invstigat. What thy found on dk is still argud ovr today. Th ship was dsrtd:th aptain, his wif, thir two-yar-old daughtr and svn rew mmbrs, along with th only lifboat, had all disappard. What thy had tft bhind suggstd that they must hav abandond th ship in a grat hurry. onty som navigational instrumnts and th ship,s offiial douments wr takn. vrything ls (provisions, watr, lothing and th rw,s tobao) rmaind on board. vn th aIgo Wasuntouhd. In th rw,s aommodation blow th dks, thy found bdding and floors soakd with rainwatr, suggsting th ship ou]d hav run into sver wathr after laving port.

was . 3 sim readthe txtnd find out why the MariIest ship. to b mysterious onsidrd l the information. 4 Snth textand ompIet dstinatin: Ship's Ship's argo: on board: of popl numbr origin| of theship: First sighting
Beginningof IJS Navalourt investigation: d st r u t i o n D teof s hi p's -:
j

. l

A ARITI YSTRY
n 5 Novmbu |872, aptain Bnjamin Briggs and his rw raisd th sails of thir ship th ary Clste in Nw Yok,sast Rivr and saiid out of th harbour into th Atlanti oan. Thy wr making for th Italian port of Gnoa, whr they plannd to unload thir aro of industrial alohol.

on 13 Dembq th US Naval ourt of Invstigation startd looking into th as of th ary lst and th lgnd bgan to tak shape. Th Chif Invstigator onntratd on som . strang disovris mad aboard th abandoned ship: an ae. mark and brown stains on th dek and Briggs, sword ould . hav bn viden of a fight. This thory did not stand up, ' howvr, aftr tests showd that th brown stains Wer not btood and ther was no othr vidn of a onflit on board. . , .. Anothr thory was that th aptain and his family might hav ben murdred by his rw who had bn drinking from one of th barrls of industrial alohol, usually alld mthanol. But thr wr flaws in this thory' too. thanol dosn,t turn popl into drunks: it poisons thm. A slightly mor snsibl thory was that th rw might hav bom alarmed by the amount of water the ship took on during a storm, and didd to abandon ship in th lifboat. Yt Briggs, an prind sailor, would have known th amount of watr wasn,t nough to thratn the ship. Th most likly xplanation is onntd with th ship's argo. Industrial alohol is potntially xplosiv. If somthing happend to on of th barrels on board, th rw would hav to at quikly. Invstigatorsdid flnd out that on of th barrls was damagd. It ould hav bn damaged during a storm and might hav bgun to rlaslethal fums. Faring an xplosion, th aptain may hav orderd th rw to abandon ship. Th rw lowrd th lifboat, whih thn sank during th violnt storm. This would xplain many of th mystious faturs of th ship. Unfortunately, it an,t b put to th test:th ship was destroyd by flr in an insurane fraud 1,2earsaftr its rw disappard. So th ary lst took with hr th last hop of solng th most famous maritim mystery of all tim.

:;

Fous magazin

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1

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ov

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thoris 5 Radth txtagainnd find th four suggested disapparan(e. aboutth rw's 2 3 4

lltririrtgt

rmin unsolvd? 4 Whdid thmStry to b foranyonlusions toodmgd a ThshipWas drwn. to th bak brought s it wasbing b hshipsnk port. ompan up bn insurn hshipwasbrokn ston fir. d|ibrt|y d hshipws|tr

qustions p|-hoi MuIti hlp (not qustions thiswi|| thoptins), rd th First, hnrd forin thtxt. to Iook on wht outo fous th |I go bk ndrd to thqustions Nt, thtxt. of thtxt thprts andundrlin rfuIIy options youmk whihh|p ourhoi. 1-4. t qustins th bstanswr 6 hos sommnto to snd did ]Voorhous 1 Whydid ptin |st? th l\4r bord thship. on bard sno ont aII a Hou|d forh|p. rqUst n thshiphdsnt b hsi|ors Wa. vr strang in a hshipwssaiIing of thship. thshap oddabout wassomthing d hr thship? aftr bording 2 Wht didth mndisovr provisions hd forsurvivl thssnti| II pp rd. disa thtthshiphdmtWith wsvidn b Thre storm. Wr lIbIow nddoumnts instrumnts hship's thdks. in. s|pt hdnotben aommdation d Thrw,s .thlgnd man? to tkshap' begn 3 What dos bfor. bnyo Ithdnotbnhrd dfinit. intosomthing dv|opd b Its|owl gotIongr omp|x. andmor lt graduI| to har. wntd a stor Vron d |tbam

Voabu la ry
to th nouns]_6 to mkword 7 Mththseadjtivs in th text. ombintions whihappr . boarding lst. |thI offii| sVr vi|nt 1 doumnts 2 wathr prty 4 fums 5 storm 6 hop

M1ter1 and imagination

as thy words nd phrass 8 Explin of thse th maning ar usdin thtxt. ,l 7 |rmd |gnd xp|ntin 2 strng disovris 8 lik|y 9 xplosion 3 vidn fturs 10 mstrious 4 nflit 11 dispprd 5 murdrd mstry ]2 mritim 6 flaws in ththory

questions. Disuss th fo||owing Hav of thiskind? of anymystris oUevrhard . Wht possibl bforwhat thr ouId xp|nations hond? for . Doyouthlnkthtthr is |ws n xpIantion nt? Wh/Wh ththappns? vrything

Past modals

5 Maththe pastmodaIs to theirfuntions 1-3. .' mayhv hav don.' might don=. ndn't hv don .. ught to hv hv don,' shu|d don

1 UndrIin th orrt wordsto ompIete th ruIs. 1 Modals formthirngtiv byadding not/do not. qustinsb 2 ModIs form using do/invrting thmodl nd subjt. 3 0n mod| n hvdiffrnI mnings/t'orms.
il.,-

pssibiIity 1 xprssing 2 xprssing obIigtion 3 xprssing lkof nssity 6 xpand th notsat th nd of sentns 1_6 usingon of th pstmodaIs in 5. mple l got up lto o t nigeod tha bu to shool. l / gt up earliar. ! ought to hvo got up orlior! got outof 10formy homwork. 1 I onIy I / do bettr! 2 l phond N/ry thismorning wsno rpI. butthr Sh/ leav thhous r|y. I an't findmyswimming things anwhr. l / |v / t thooI. 4 | brought myswimming things butw don'thv swimming tdy. | / bring thm. .I youarlir 5 ||d butyoudidn,t nswr thphon., .I / in thshowr., 6 |\i ary phond lastnight aftrI wrot to hr.| / writhr |ttr. nothr

Desrib whtyou (n seein this piture. Whtdo you think it is or mightonhavebn?

Logialxplanations

Mthth pastmodaIs 1-3 to th meanings _. ] n,t/ouIdn,t hve Thisis pssibl. 2 musthav b his is aImst rtain| impossib|e. hav 3 ou|d hisis |most ertin|y thas. Writsntns sying why th peopIe in 1_7 an't/ouldn,t/ouId/must hvdonthesethings. Usth vrbin brakts. Empl (paint)this pitur. Pau| eouldn'tkvo paintad N-'| hasno rtisti t|ent whtsever! .l Sam (disov nWrstUrant in town.H saidh hda fntsti m| out |ast night. (gt)tp 2 Sara mrks in thxamif onlsh hadwrkd hardr. (g) 3 Thnighbours n ho|ida baus thir ris stiII in thdrivwa. (om) htwins bkhomvry|t last gotoutof bd night. It's midday ndthestiIl hvn't yI' youto sthtw'db |t. (phon) |l forgot I hdm mobi| withml yt.lt'snotIike hr him- he,s |ways on tim. Jimisn't Hisr(brak) down. Thgrass Iooks wt.It (rin) |ast night.

3 :lQl You ar goingto hara newsitemboutthe anint monumnt Stonehng, whihis in th south of England. Radth notsarfuIIy, thenompIt th information. Stonhng .Stonhng.: 1 |\4ning of 2 Possib| dat of buiIding: .arhitt,: ntionaIity 3 Possib| of probb|y 4 Whr stons m from: pUrpos 5 Possib| of thbuilding: 4 (J,' Listn againnd find out: 1 howpopu|r Stonhng is. 2 whthdruids ouIdn't hv bui|t Stonhng. 3 whStonheng ou|dn't hav ben dsignd byn prson. ng|ish 4 whtprob|em th bui|ders might hav hdwithth sTo ns.

_h. the txtwithphrass omplt dmgd hv bn might hv worrid a ndn't formd hv f ouId bn hv b n't bnputthr rigintd g musthv hav might bn h might hav bn stoppd t hv d ought

D i s u s si o n
historial somintrsting lmagin ou haddisovrd going yu to buiId wr rmins of Iandwhr on pi you groups' what did a hus. In smII for yur Givrasons havdon. would/might/ou|d disions.

flJ ffi

or.istrution r,vorkrs r'vrsuddnly ordrd .

IOLtl.LLtdLrwrr or-rndation ot a nr,v

th '. for--:l* 1 :1^.L^v ! tl r ] l 9 Lrr,' ' ' . i it o. L l l d L Wllrr appers aP t ) tnJt 1 li..-..rrc sonr -..L,--' -",.*.".,,ting s t h dislvrd of fla t
Al ttt' to l ttf, tto n .rrt 'L;S ni t lt stons in r i u l l r ar1

,,op all uilding

,1 :.. ,-^.1', st:lg, .t.fiP

h l r th ir i' i' ,. po'*i l o s . l t. r t l : l : ] .: ' t tllr ' l t ri . l s o i i rl . r]l r. h o tr h t r 6rut .-'' th ., r].
-trr( ) -;^J ---:but on o,l.. on ltrint tlrrpl ,| ] o.,"."1 htrndrd v

l r g o . i n t l o tl g . ,-i.n.."*ii*,

.."..,.".iJ,-,."o,.k, i1' to-stop uiiding lvork, so ...' on1pan agrd ..,.,p*..ily histor th of p.riod *h.t dti,' oul.l that xprts strssd.n", j ..^^^" oi-'. ot".,,.,, ih. also '''i:. . \ t()ll\ ) inlfinitly. .:l ,il.i."."-"* ato wait soollt ut r,vork tlrat grd Cit offiils .;. to prsrv th histoiai said that it r'vasirrrportant is a pil .:l, good it,..What lo."t i.,. rlis. How,,.., ., o,-'. :]:. *",,. is nr,vhoms?' .". what r,vhn stons of

. ' thatth stons _ "t".,o" .Th nstrutjon

...

Let's ativat
Hodid th1do it?
groups' dsrib !.i ln pairsor smaII piturs thndisuss: show, whatthse nd monumnts howths Id/might/must/ ou buiIdings onstrutd. hv bn n't bn b whatit musthv ths to buiId Iik working monU mIs.

SiettcefiGion
Disuss thesquestions with partner. 1 Whtdoessine fition mean? yousn/rad? 2 Wht sin fitin fi|ms/boks hv Did you likthm? Wh/Why nt? 3 Whdo outhinksmpeop| njy thiskindof story? Lookat th piturs. Do you rognis eithrof thse sin-fition fiIms? WhihsnIooks th most intrsting to you?Why?

Listning
(ompIting sntns Read thsentns rfuII ndtrto imgin wht th youwrit nswers mightb.Whtvr to omp|t th sntn must fit in grmmati|l andbe spe|t orrtIy. 3 o6J.zYou r goingto haran interview with two tors who tkepartin a popu|ar W sien fitionprogramm aIIed ot of thisWorld. Listn nd omp|t sentnes 1_9. 'l Bobthinks thatthpopuIarity of thsin fition sries is duto itsxel|nt 2 Bfor wrking on the sris, Ktand Bobhadboth bn in th emp|od prfrred 3 Katehsalwys sien fition to 4 Bobis morintrstd in th mstrnt than in sin fition. 5 Kat ndBobrbthnthusisti bout 6 Nithr Kte norBobworris bout th Wnn thy'r out of doors. 7 Katesuspts thtfewpop| knowthof hrs|f and hro-ator. prson. 8 Ktonfesss thtshis vry 9 Bobonsidrs ating to b n xtreml _-

Spaking
ev.preing nd oPinion6 feel.ing
5 (ompIte th xpressions th spakrs usdin 3 to taIk aboutthirfIings andopinions. Usthes words. * admit ar dning * intog mttr sptia| * tird* worrid yougta bit1 Don't of ppring in sin fition seris? 2 l ws sin fition in a bigwa. 3 |'m bit mor about sine fitin storis. l takthmwith pinh of salt' 4 Dos thatt you? 5 | don't whthr l,mrognisd for mys|f' or my ro|. 6 I'mntpartiu|r| if nothing Is oms arong. 7 l hve to thtI'mmbitious. 8 hr,s nothftthatting is a vryinsur orofssion. you foundin 5 nd writ hoose fivof the expressions sntnes of vourown.

Pronu niation
iounde and polling
4 6/ hfirstwordin ahgroup1_5ours in the rording. UndrIin the othrwordsin ahgroupthat rhymewith th firstword.hnIistn and hkyour ansWrs. Emple: Known brown blown maan aIna 1 nough through thorough tough oUgn 2 b|u drw too thrugh to o k right hight sit eight light 4 ourse Wors hrs for orse 5 r Wr far br fair

6timulus-basd disussion
8 Disuss thsqustions. 1 What do thphotographs show? 2 Wht dos thhdIin suggst? 3 Wht dvantags r disadvantgs do uthinksp xplration might bring? is xp|ration 4 Doouthinkspnding mony on sp wrthwhi|? p|nts? 5 Howoptimisti arouthtIif xists on othr

Hopes raised fordisovery of lifeon Mars

tugsting xplanations
7 6J",. In smaII groups, Did disuss this situation. Usth whatmightb th ausof thsiIlnsses. dialogue boxto helpyou. prtof th twnin rmot hpopuIation of a sm|| i||nsss sskin to dvlop suh oUntr hsbgun problems. Nr thtownis omp|ints nd brthing r inhabitants larg fatory whr most of thtwn,s mpIoyO. Suggsting xpIantions to do lllith A If ou sk m,Ihould hsomething thfatory. must tht!Ihe faI.or to do ltith B It n,tb nthing wouldh for somtim.PopI hbeenthre strtdfIling ill bforenow,surel. These thingsoftn tksomtime to Nof neessril. hven effet. A But don'tyouthink IhaIth|toris themostlikly plntion? I n,ts wht elseit ould be.

A txl J, rde
.!

r itlve

sG igt t io tl
itl 1 It was a wintr aftrnoon just bfor my birthday whn Dtetiv Sergant Finny rang to say thr had bn a dath in a mansion blok. Aidntal, aording to th nighbours. A man had falln down som StpS. 2 Snow bgan as I lft for Willowdal ourt ansions. Th dasdwas Graham Dunn, a 56-yar.old, divord stat agnt Who livd alon. Th body was at th bak nar th dustbins. Narby, thr was a plasti bag and som rubbish whih had falln out of it: an appl, Som ta bags, a bottl of shampoo, a tin of at food and a app.I was suspiious. Th man Was bald. Why a bottl of shampoo? H had no pts or hildrn, ithr. h rubbish ouldn,t hav bn his. W wnt to talk to th nighbours. 3 Ds Finny and I bgan our nquiris in th basmnt. Th ownrs, Rba and Stwart orris, a oupl in thir twntis, had. abat' Thy told us that Dunn oftn omplaind about its rying. Thy mad us ta. Thy had notid Dunn,s body only whn thy let the at in. 4 Th ownr of th flat on th first floor was a divore, Abigail Stratton. Sh had two ats, and sh oftn lookd aftr th baby for th oupl downstairs. Sh ouldn,t stand th dasd,but sh didn,t say wh. Sh offrd us ta. 5 on th ground floo w had a look at Dunn,s flat. Th door was open and his rubbish bin Was mpty. Othrwis all was in ordr. W didd to talk to th rmaining nighbours. 6 A woman alled Mrs Prithard livd alon on th sond floor. Sh admittd that sh didn,t lik Dunn. A1l day long h playd musi. Finally, w qustiond th portr, but h had bn nxt door all day mnding a oof. 7 Th dath rtifiat showd Dunn,s dath was no aidnt. Th murdrr must hav lft th rubbish to mak it look aidntal, but th rubbish providd lus. We wr fairly rtain who th murdrr was. W stood on th doorstp, about to push a bll.

disuss thsqustions. ln pairs, ,l Whdo pp| njoy rding dttiv stris? is? is it to workutwhthriminl 2 Hows

t h e sa mpl S t udyi n g
tha taaK Undrstanding
and hoos the bsttitl,a, b, , or 2 Readth ttquikIy d, for it. bg a lus in rubbish ourt N4nsions t WilIowd| b |\4urdr dath Aidnt| hd d hmnwiththb|d the information. 3 Nowsnth txtand omp|et ommittd 1 Possib| rim 2 Loation: 3 Vitim: 4 Ius: 5 Suspts: mtivs forthrim: 6 Possib| to thrim: 7 Possib| soIution piturs. whihof th 4 Dsrib in thes th peple in th storydo you thinktheyrprsnt? haratrs

th questions. 5 Nowanswer ,l whothmurdrr was? nyouguess thprson hv ommittd thrim? 2 Whmight

Lrealingatmosphere
dosth 6 santhe txtagain.ln whihpargrph(s) narrator: 1 skhimslf a dirt oustion? 2 dsrib wht thwathr waslik? in susons? 3 |v th rdr 4 mntion thtimof yr?

Writing your detetivstory

Undrstanding tha ta
12 you are goingto writ shortdtetiv story(200_250 words). lt shou|d ontain fivor six pargraphs.

tr

Plnning
13 ln groups, mkenotsof th dtaiIs of ourstory. yourideasand deid: Brinstorm . whnandwhr thstory is going t tkp|. whtis going to hppn. . whthartrs to rat. oUrgoing . whois invstigting whthappns. . wht thesuspts hppns. ardoing whnthvnt

Stepsto better writing

your 6tory Visualising
7 Dide whihof th wordsin th IistouIdbe usdto dsrib: thwthr. b surroundings or objts. phsi| perso's ppr. d a orson,s haratr' * o|d, n a |ight gr* poor, faII of unfortunt * h|f-tn n disposab| * smiling, round-fd o* o withshort, rthr brown hair rampd " middI-agd * pp|lingIy Ioud 8 Put th wordsin 7 intoth storyto makit mor intrsting. he IistfoIIows th ordrof the story.

!riting
Writing fftivIy yourp|nning Whn rmmbr to in|ud ourstory, plas' intrsting dsriptions of popl, ndevents. 14 writeyourstorys if you Wre You ouId a dttiv' inIud an iIIustration of th pI, n objet or haratr in th stor. Do not revaI of th the idntity person who ommitted the rime. . Dsrib thwthr andthtimof yar. . Dsrib thpla andimportant objts. . Dsrib hratrs fftive|. . Usadjtivs yourdsription ndadvrbs to mak morintrsting.

Lrea|ing hara|or
9 Study th xampI, thn usth prompts to writa sntn dsribing hhartr. lple P1a asttegentIled&rhm ws 5{*or-old unn' bld lln,who w diiored nd livad lon*. 1 fm| hompson / i rd-hird / midd|-agd / Ruth ts shopssistant / unmrrid / thr 2 mI Smith / dark-hird l Brian / 2 / omputr sa|smn / spartd / twohi|drn 3 m| l / gry-haird / TimWintr / 68/ rtird l marrted no hiIdrn 10 writon sntn dsribing hratr of yourown.

ChocYing
1 5 hkthatyou hav: rtd tmosphr. providd |us for radrs. . providd tit|. . writtn (200-250 th right amount words).

Guehodid it!
16 ln pairs,readyourstoris to eahothrnd try to guss who ommittd th rimnd wh.

ParagraphoPonor
you 11 Expand thsnotes to makon or two sntns in dttive story. ouIduseto beginparagraphs 6 p.m. 1 it/ b/ondy/justbfor / phon / NwYar/ / ring 2 snow / / bgin / s/ makmyWa / hot| / dsd nam? w/ nquiris / twowks / rptin / dsd / gust room 4 2ndfloor / / hd Iook / living / dasd vrthing in ordr portr notIike 5 hot| / / admit / popl / dsd l unfrind

Pt modals
usingshould/shouldn,t hv,ought the sntens 1 Rwrit not to hove,needn,thve,m hve,ould hveor might h. '1 lt wassuh thing to argu abut. a siIl W... yourxamrsuIts' goodidto Iiabout 2 |twasn't You... yourmon, wstd 3 |fyouhdn't b ouwou|dn,t hrd-u o. You... possib| thatpoli hav aught th murdrr' 4 |t's hpoli... nssary t tk t. Itwshotal|dy. 5 Itwasn't to winth r, buth fII ovr t JohnhdthbiIity thstrt. John... probb| thathris faild hisam. It's Hdidn,t do rvision. nough hris ... n umbr|| nd l nedd on 8 I didn't tk t...

this disussion modalto ompIt Undr|ine th orrt page74. storyon aboutth dttiv thrim? lr Sowhodo outhinkommittd hvbenIhe hvbn/mustn,t Luke W|l'it 1 ouldn't portr throofa|| day. h wsmnding bus nd hvbn|\4r hvebn/n,t YsminAnd it 2 mightn,t thrim. thyrportd MrsMorris bus but N4rs Prithrd? Iare Wht 3 hvdoniI. She Rob W||, sh nhvdon/might musi, notr||y a Iik Dunn's buttht's didn't motiv. hvbenbigai| YasminI think it 4 musthvben/should wh won't saywhysh thon|y on stratton. Sh,s Andtht,s suspiious. disIikd Dunn. 5 nedn,t hvskd/shou|d hv lar The dttiv W6 ould hv hermreoustions. skd the murdrr by now idntifid/must hidentiJid

|-ogla|}Planation5
usingth prompts t th nd of sntnes 2 writesntens hvor must 1_7 and n,thve,ouldhv,ouldn,t for eah hve. Theremayb morethn on nswr sntn' thtaftrnoon. 1 I'mrtin thathwast th bnk H/ mmit / the robbry. t thmomnt. You/ notshr/ at 2 Ruth is on ho|iday th rord shop. pss hisdriving H/ notpratis didn't tst. 3 Grahm / vrymuh. rmmbr when nd|ft xtly. |t/ b/ ight 4 l n,t or nino'|ok. |\4arathon |ast ht/ b / 5 Tmranth London r. |t. diffiu wi|| turnUp.Sh/ ntfrgt 6 I'msurM| ws / thepart thisvning. lottr tikt. I l wil thjakpot. 7 l wish|,dbought

1_8' in sntens orret th mistaks in twn sh's hvsnAnn 1 YoumUstn't strdy, WV on ho|idv' vrthing turned outfinin th 2 Wndn,t worrid, en0. youwr going phond Youought hv to |tm know to b lt. t Ist two dys go. musthdbnpostd 4 h|ttr l shou|d hv Ift thmat shoo| findm g|sss. 5 l n't hous. thy,r t John's l suppose, or perhps th p|y. xprts thinkit n Nobod knws whowrt but it,snotbso|ut| hvbnwrittn by Shkspr, n. rtai hav missd thnwewou|dn,t Wmusthv lftarlier. thtrin. l suppos. l hvn't senPet. H mgoto thinm

l.istemng
5 Q),.' You r gingto har Listn TheRunw. storya|ld ar if th sttmnts nd deid () (F). or faIse tru ,l thar stoppd hdrivr on h swa tnagr baus rod. lonl shrn he stoppd, Whn Way. prsudd thgirl r] hdrivr to |thrmtkhrhm. whoanswrd hWomn mothr. thdorwsSrah's hd if thr skd ThWomn a arrash. bn bak w|kd thdrivr 6 Whn hd Srh t thr, ppa rd. dis

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sARV0YAGE

Writing
200 6 writ shortstory(about vnt. words) abut strang 1_4to hlpyouand Usqustions somof the modals inIude from 5. ,l Whre youwhnit Wr Wht wsth hppnd? Iik? wthr in thstory? Wharthpopl Wht rthyIike? hppnd? 3 Wht nd? thstor 4 Howdoes

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0FF]IAL ll(ETlN t Ra va ila bIe ont h e
Book your tikt in advan and you an 8t in 0 minuts atlir than nomai. Als you will gt youl autograph tikt flrst whih mans lss quuingl Advan booklngs MUST b rivd NO latI than th 8th Dmbr.Aftr this dat you an buY nolmal ntly tikts on th doo.

R e a di n g
7 Snthe txtand find th answrs to th qustions' ,l At wht tikt timnadvan ntr? holdrs of dvantgs Wht arthothr yourtikt in dvn? booking dt fordvn is th|ast What king? boo r of pymnt Whih twforms ntaptd? of What is thdisdvntage ping rd? b rdit

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PAYBY E0UE 0R P0SAL oRDER PAYBY AsH

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?positions
1 omp|t the textwiththseprpositions. * by n from u in n of * to with " Thr,s no longr any nd to fl alarmd ' , a things that go bump in th night. Aording the Int study' ghosts ould b th rsult random ativity of an idle brain. n a study of halluinations Th thory omS blind popl. It was put ^xprind'th tst by sanning patint,s brains whil thy wr halluinating. Th sans showd vidn th brain,s visual ortx whn popl ativity * wr half aslp. Th visions thy xprind wr ftn frightning, n prominnt ys and suh as grtsqu fas .., old-fashiond tth, and ghstly figurs oStums. ,Whn tht,s no information ming in and th brain is idl, it Startsto rodu ths imags,,said ,I,m sur ghosts, fairis and withs all on ISaIhr. ths dismbodid rlat in Som Way '' halluinations. It xplains why haratrs ', supInatural tals from around th world lok so

meanings Wordsithopposite
3 writth opposits of thswords]-,l2. 1 load 2 rgu | r 3 ppr 4 offi i | 5 touhed 6 usu|ly 7 prind 8 lik| 9 onntd 10 dmgd 11 unfortunt|y ,l2 solvd Ordr ot aoc|ive 4 Put th adjetivs in th orrt rdr. 1 A / blk smal| suspiius-loking ... brifas. / / 2 A / |thr ... hir. i brown / |r (n) ... r. / sports / old-fshiond / b|u a A(n) ... wth. / Swiss / go|d / xpnsiv 5 A(n) ... motorbik. / fast i imprssiv.|king / Jpans

similar.' Th prss
'..::::.::1:;]i!.].{i::!:';.'].:]:]ili]'':'''-'-':::..]...]:]]ilii]ii]:]:i]].]::]]:1ii'].:ii|:i:].]

Th right varb
2 mplt the sentns with the orret form of thse vrbs. * bndn * dmg * dstroy u ordr * puzz|e u ris 1 Thr hav bnmnyplans thwrk of the itni frmthbottom of thoean, butso farno on hasomup withnthtworkd. 2 ln thsond World Wr, thrtrting rm th th rivr. bridgs ovr 3 Thrw hadno hi butthsinking ship. 4 hsrt of thorigin of ropirls xprts of thparnorm| fordds. 5 Whn thshiphitn iebrg, thptin th rW to lwr th lifbats. 6 hstorm sriusIy thsiIs, mking thship unbl lo ontinu itsiournv.

TheSoundMochine by Rold Dht

o l, . , . S ome t i me g o ,' |( l a u s n e r s a i d , .| m a d e a simple ins t r ume nt t hat pr o v d to m e th e e x i s te n o f m any o dd inaudi bl e s ou nds .o f te n I h v es t a n d wa t h d th e need[ of my i n st r ume nt r e o r d i n g t h e p re s e n o f s o u n dv i b r tio ns in the ai r w h e n I mys e l f o u l d h r n o th i n g A . n d t h o se ar e the so u nds I w ant t o l is t e nt o . I wa n t t o |< n o w wh e r thev o me fromn d w h o or w h a t i s m a |< i n tg h e m .' . And t h t mah i n e o n th e t a b l et h e r e ,' t h D o t o rsaid, .is that goi n gt o al l owy o u t o h e rt h s en o i s s ?' .|tmay.Who knows?So far,|'vhd no [ul<. But I'vemde somehan g s i n i t n d t o n i g h t|' mr a d yf o r a n o t h er tr ial. his m ahi n ,h ' e s ai d,t o u h i n gi t wi t h h i s h a n d s ,.i s d esignd to pi k up sou nd vi b r a t i o n s t h a t a r e t o o h i g h - pithedfo r re e pt i on by t he h um a n a r , n d t o o n v r t th e mt o a saleo f a ud i bl et one s.l t un e i t i n , a l m o s t[ i k a r d i o . .l t i sn't ompl i a te d .a y I wi s ht o l i s t e nt o t h e s q ueako f a S bat . hat 's a fai r l yh i g h ' p i t h d s o u n d_ a b o u tth i r tytho usand vibr at i on s a s e ond .T h e v e ra g e h u m a ne a r a n ' tq uite hear it. N ow ,i f t h e r ew ra b a t f t y i n g a ro u n dt h i s ro o m nd I tuned in to t hi r t y t h ou sa n d o n m y m a h i n e , I wo u l d har th squ a| < i ng of t h at b a t v e r y l e a r [ y . l wo u l d v e n har the orr e t n ot _ F sha r p ,o r B f l a t ,o r wh a t v e r i t m i g h tbe _ but mr l y at a mu hl o we rp i t h .D o n ' ty o u u n d e rs ta n d?' .Andyou're h Dotorlookdat the long,blakoffin-box. goin gt o t r y i t t oni g h t?' 'Yes.'... . . .H e pl ae dt he b o x a re f u l l y o n a s m a [ lwo o d nt ablthat stoodon t he [aw n. H e r e tu r n e d to t h s h d a n d f e thed pair o f ar ph on e s.He p l u g g e d th wi re o n n e t i o n s fr o m the a rph on e s i nt o t h e m a h i n ea n d p u t th e a r p h o n s o vr his ars . h move m n ts o f h i s h a n d swe req u i ka n d p ris. He w as e xi t d,and b r a t h e d[ o u d [ ya n d q u i k t yth r o ughhis mo ut h . H ke pt on ta l k i n g t o h i m s e l fwi t h t i tttewo r ds o f _ afr aid o mfor t and e n oura g e m na t, s t h o u g hh e we r ea f raid

thatth mahin mightno tw o r knd afr aidlso of whatm ig ht happnif it did ... h needler ptslo w lyar o ssth dit,and sud d en[y he hear da shr ik,a fr ightfut pier ing shr ik,and he jum p edand dr o ppdhis hands,athing ho tdo f th edge o f t he tab l.H star dar o undhim as if x pting to see the personwho hd shr ieI <d. hr w as no o n in sightex ptthe wom anin the gr den nex t do o r , and it w as er tainlyno t sh . She was bendingdo w n,uttingyel[o wr o ses and puttingthem in hr baskt. A gain it ame _ a thr o atlss, inhumanshr iek ,sharp and sho r t,ver y [earand o ld.The no te itselfpo ssessd a m inor, mta[[i quatitythat h had nver har d befor.|(lausner [o o kedar o und him, sear hing instintive[y fo r the soureof th no ise.he w o man nx t do o r w as the o nly tiv ingthing in sight.H e saw her r ehdo w n,take r o s stem in the fing ers o f o n handand snipthe stemw itha pairo f sissors. Ag ainhe hear dth sr am. I t amet the ex atmo mnt w hnthe stmWasuI.

Your reations
questions. ths disuss ln pairs, hisrdsignd Wht hopd do outhinkKlusnr to do? bb| wouId mahin in thgrdn Wht do outhinkthWomn onntion hrd? thath nxt doorhadwiththsund likKlusnr,s Hwusful | outhinka mhin wou |db? thyan flings hv might o Doougre thtp|nts (Why?iwh not?) munit? m q&

G r a mm ar
.. Put th verbsin brkts into th orret tns.

ompIt ths dvrb |auss withths words. if so tht a|though bus so . . . tht whi| or Whn 1 hUFostr ws mystrious Vron wntd to knowmr. Ididn't bliv in |ins, I didd Rosw|'' to viit I wnt to thAir Fr bas I ouId sif thstor Ws true. 4 | wasthr, I hd stra g xprien. pep| 5 skd m bout it,| uIdn't rmmbr nthing 6 -I hdrmmbrd provd somthing, I might hv thtthstry wstru. 7 No onlistnd to m l hdno prof. hoos th bstmodI fr ah snten. .Tim is onvind 1 h sw UF0., ,He musthv/shouId hv imagind it!' ,| phon 2 an,t findm mbi| nwhr.' ,You oughtto hv/m hv|eft. it t shol., .I'v 3 brought thisStr rk vid to wth thisvning.' ,You ndn,t hv/ou!dn,t hv. W'v lrady snit., .I thinkPtr hasforgottn bout my birthda., ,He n,t hv/must hvdone. H nevr forgts nthing.' .I'v finishd rpirlng th ompUtr., ,You n'thv/should hv.You on|y strtd 10 minuts agol' .Ir wasUnSUr but whtsh saw.' ,Do outhinkshight hv/ought to hvhad pranorml xprin?,

,(make) UFosar big business. Moviproduers hugefortuns out of them, sientists andwriters maketheirtivings frominvstigating (ddiate) them, andhugeparts of the lnternet.Infat, to them. , (be) mostpopl fasinated by the thought of liens visiting Erth. o_ (happen) Perhaps one of the mostfamous UtO sightings in Roswel[, Newexio in ry47.ln.|uly, somstrange Wrel(age anda rash (find) justa month site5at the US Air Fore baseat Roswell, after (spot)nine dis-shped someoneu UFos ftyingover lvlount Rinir. Al[ sorts of reportsfollowedof aliens,dead and alive,whih . , (see)at the site. An investigation (arryout) by Government Agents, butwhatatually happened ' -(nver/reveal). (interview) otryandfindoutmor, We.o DrGrn, mmbr of yearsago' Green.. (work) Institute. th Rosw[t Several t the (ontat) Centre whnhe ', by the son of the seurity manwho (be) ', on guard dutywhnth UFo rashhappned. Apparentty, (se) hjsfathr 'o a[ien orpss andevn a livealinnear thersh site. ., govrnment (threaten) After thinident, agnts hisfther and (witness). he was forbidden to te[lnyone aboutwhthe 'uBut years[atr, (rva[) many whenhe was i[l,h ., it to his son,who ,, (warn thntoldDrGren. Soonafterwards, thsonhimslf off) by mystrious mendrssd in btak suits. Sin Roswel[, there '' _--._ (b) thousands of UFo sightings (be)xplaind worldwid. Some ,o phenomena, by naturaI but
what aboutthe others? ,. And if threreaIly r xtraterrestria[s livins on alin planets. (be)interested in visitingus?

hoose th bestaItrnativ for ahsntn. 1 As soonsrvor notid/ws notiing thstrng lightin th sk, h rpod it t thpoIi. 2 Bthtimth p|i arrivd, th strng |ight haddispprd/dispprd. Didou visit/Hd Nw|Vxio in 1947? ou visitd 4 hgurd swthIin whilh hdworkd/ws working t Rosw|l. 5 Aftr h hdsn/sw th|in, h wantd to tlIpop| it. about 6 Sott wsfsintd. 'hsnvr hrd/hd nvr hrdabou| Rosw|| bfr. 7 Dbra wastird. Shhdbn rding/ws phnomna rding butstrng || night. 8 ddi to!d/ws tlling a ghost story whna||th lights Wnt oUt. 9 inwsn,t b|iving/didn't bliv in ghosts UntilshSaW on. 10 | wshring/hrd strang nois whi| l ws|ing in bd.Itsundd Iik n arop|n was overthe hous. fling/flw
t:', ,::. .

Voabulary
popla etives dsribing
into th 5 put thsadjetives atgoris. orrt . smal| . ur|y ba Id.. ldr|y . thin . middl-gd gr-haird .. .. u8l stright drk-hird . fshinabl ..youngish asuI . sruff tns in thir / twntis .. .. t|| vrwightw|I-buiIt ng .. attrtiv ng-|ooki i ntrsti .. brd.., bIond rd-hird s srnrt W3V mousth suspiious-|ooking

Th right words
the txt. a' b or , to omplet option, th orrt 7 hoos

rE

D a v id Smith visited H ampto n Co ur t P alaeand had a str angeenounter. A s u d d en w ind mde th hir s r ise o n the bk o f my nek'.. l had just set f o o t in the hauntedgllr y.A gho st?,l said. A tual|yther ea dr a ug htfrom t h o s do o r w ysi gr inned the to ur guide. For sptis, there alwys a . exp|anation.But reent|yso mny v i s i to r s have ben , by the sight o f a phanto m that H ampton C ourt Pa |aehas al|din the gho stbuster s. D r R ihr d W isemn, pr o fessio na|investigato ro f the pr anorm |,is . the sightings. H e fi||ing H nr y Vlll ho me w ith 21s t entury gadgets to try to o whether th ghost really exists. u Bu t as he pr epar ed to _ the par ano r mal,D r W iseman adm itted :' l d o n . t think w ,r go ing to find gho st her e. l do n,t be|ievein gh osts. But l d o n ' t think peo ple ar e lying,'he adds. 'l'm her e to under standwhat hav e been real u-, and I hve to admit this is quite a mystery', Pe o p le say the gho st is H nr y V|I l w ife, the 2O-year -o |d C atherine Howard, Ctherine spent her |st days at Hmpton Court before being bheded at the Tower of London, Da\rs before her deth sh tried to , fr o m her lo dging and '_ the r o o m o f the K ing. But before she o u I d r eh him nd beg fo r mer y,sh w as dr agged bak. N o w visito r s to H ampto n Co ut ar e invitedto identifyr s o f the g aIlery ,ting|y, wh e re they fee| ,o I d,, o r so mething mo r e to heI p D r Wisem n g h o s t-hunt. O n e night I w ent to the galler y alo ne, ho ping to '_ the ghost. lt was o n e 'm., the gal|r yW as .oand it w as diffiu|t to ,,thing s out i n t h dar kness,l o u|dn,tquite w a|k a|o ng the o r r ido rw itho ut exp ting s o m ething dr dfulto happen' ther e w as no ise - the do o r w as s|o w l\r o p ening . I my br eath,then as I tur ned r o und. I w as blinded by br ig ht white " _ I i g h t. W as this the gho st o f Cther ine?No . it W asn,t'lt 14 to b e the n e ws pper pho to gr apherar med w ith amer f|sh!
From Palace Spook: not a ghost of a hance'b David Smith,The xpress _ |nternetdition

Lrsfrwkend

rt i

T 0
)

Iothes

gnraI apparan

with mystry Findwordsonnted meanth whih and imagination foI|owing the sames hefirstand last exp|antions. word are given. ah lttersof passd on fromon 1 a stor a gnrtion to nothr: l--d thatmakyou belive 2 thfats is tru:-- somthing forsomthing: rasons 3 possibl |-V-s tr: without 4 vanishd d--d s-- findings: 5 unusu| d-s th bout i||ogia| 6 something in a f--w xp|ntion: ty

1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 a 11 12 a 13 a .l4 a

|ogi| panikd around looking findut tkin xperimnts break at mak runint aIon mk Quik|y hId ovr turnd

b b b b b b b b b b b b b b

onsidrb| |rmd ovr Iooking |ok out tkoff xprins avoid utof mak runovr dsrtd s Suddnl kpt up turnd

snsItlV farfuI into |ooking troU on taK rSrn sp for mak rundown Watn |mmdit| sizd out turnd

Va nT

Extrertsports
1 took at the pitures. anyou namethestrm sports?

Rading
z Skimradthe ttnd find out howth writrf|tduring hiswingwaIk. lgnor th gaps.

Mthing hedings pie A hding usu||y highIights th most importnt of information Rd h or the mainidain pragraph. prgrph rfu|| nddid wht uthinkit is about bfor hosing thhading.

1 ativityl one saw on a TV W ing w |kingis a spine-hi||ing ,Don,t this at home,. t0 Afterseeingit,I th0ught try p|.ogiu''. IIed ,l.d l atuall yers go, of A oul go that!, t a myse|f, loveto hve Thatws the , w as unsuessful, fo r a lo b s a w ingw alkerbut applied end of that,or so I thought.

,*;1+'.,:,

2 pikedup on the storytha newspper ago.a |oaI hen,a few months Durin Britain. a round r ae to takepar tin a r ely l had beenho sen l hd tivities and sports we tlkedabutthediffrent the intervie ,What stop to l had next?' l ws then asked, the wor|d. donearound ,I to d o wingwalk ! w o uldIov e thr eemil|iseo nds. fo rabo ut ndthink

A fter theinter viw W as0ver ,I w entstr aigh tontothe|nternet mr r o ssco mpnyaI ledA er o super b tis.lthoug htl.d g time,so l was their busiest them try.As it turnedout.the summer August. of end the themtowards ws to|dto ontat

fo to look rom ising ame and w ent,ndthingsbega n he summer hari the b ontated I ws the wing wa|k.At arundthis time, re fr b lindp eop I nur sing r esidential w hih pr o vides SeeA bility, ol publi awareness heywere tryingto riseth with disabi|ities. promote harit the helpto whether| ou|d andwondered the harity and we wa|k. wing th with situation the l explined way. in any o sio n. thtthisw s the ide| deided

1_6.Givereasons _gto paragraphs 3 Maththe hadings you hr is on heading do not nd. for yourhoi. aftfft a An unp|asant nois bginning b A mbition A frustratd momnt d A dangrous opportunit A prft xprin f An unforgttbl g A hn nountr

questions. ln pairs, disuss thes in win intrstd firstbom ] Howdidthwritr w|kin? ambition? but hisprvious 2 Wht rmindd thwritr mor intosomething Wht turnd thwingwIk xprin? xiting worthwhi| thnjustnothr useforhiswingwalk? 4 Wht kindf plan didthwritr routin? 5 Howdid hf| s h did hisdan thwingwa|king whtdoes h f| about 6 Looking bak, flight?

T . h i swa s n 0 ta g o o ds|gn. 0 n t he da y of t he w i n gw al k,i t wa s r i n i n g I met th rinhdstped' the airprt, Butby thetimewe hadreahed After biplane. Butterly Utterly oloured tambythe bright|y upwiitrthe wings. of the plane top on stand the to strpped was l a shrthat, fo rthe W spinning . e headed o s ta rt h enit w as t i mefort h e pr op e l l etr to ler- thenwe were off. runwayandwaitedforth thrairtraffi speedas gathering downthe runwy, we moved roaring, Withengines g r u n d . th e l e v i n g W e r e . e al |of a s udd e nW h e n . WeWent'

Voabu lary
Leisur a|ivit'io words. 5 ompIt 1_8withthes sntns
.hv..rmin .,don. givu.got. grabbed ..tkprt '. wsflowing. washaving
1l

5 fee| | ould toflap. theskinonmyfestrted to |imb, As we started

1 |'dIik to 2 I,v 3 I wntto 4

i r .I h a d b e e nto |dto d y th e f a s t m o v i n g m y bo dbe i ngpu mme l l e b p o p |e o nth e gr o und t h e p i |o t and t o sh o wth e myhandsar ounl W aV e my Saturday doing thtl stafted fun.l ws so exited thatl ws having lt mnoeuvres. sometriky The p|aneperformed NightFeverroutine. thr0Ugh I was to|dlaterthatwe Went oster. f e|tas if l was on a r|ler m y b o dyw as th t o n m i n u t e . 2G s m ent h i s + G s. to a rangeof re.l was reaIly l didn,t Iight. andth nxtinredib|y heavy. inrejibty t i me . an mzi ng having I f e l ta s i f l had o n|y it , w s ti m et0 o m ed o wn . 15mi n ut e s A fterabout havebeenoldbut I should l suppose beenuptherefor few seonds. ws more than body my through f|owing the amountof adrenlin my th e g r o und, o n p l n e a n d 0 n o f fth e to ke e pme War m . nough aused b e en h a v e o u t th t th im s ust t o ahe .I w o rk e d b gan shoulders thewind. ginst by my daning Ifyou evergetthe withmefor ever. Willremin flight the 0f hememory And if you with bothhands. hanto wigwalk,grabthe opportunity givem a shoutand l,l|do it for you. dn,t.

!l

5 6 7 8

i:

got wingw|king. thwor|d. a|| ovr ndtivitis sports a try' tndm skydiving ra in r|y wantdto I'v|was tim. lan amazing m body. through hadrnIin I thhn to do wingwaIking, Whn |thopportunity withmforvr. wi|l hmmor of thflight ==-

t:l

peedand movmnt
t.

to howthy a_g,aording :, 6 Mathwords1_7to meanings ar usdin th tt. of thpa inrs 1 sprn mov up nddown 2 had for quik|y with ndrpatdl bt 3 ror yourfist tkoff 4 gathr spd of ) |v mov in thdirtion thground quikl, Ioud, making mov 6 flp dpnois quik|y turnround 7 pumml

questions. Disuss th foIIowing Wht's youropinion f xtrm sports? o Wht pop| sports? do xtrme do outhinkmks . Som Wht's pop| nowdays. is too boring f| thtIif vourinion?
..::,r,i,:r,::r,::::....-.r:,,,:::r.rr,'..:::.:,::.,,,.r::9:t:::ltar'',,, iil':r'r'i':r':irl::::'irili::rr.,::i ..::.,1:

passlY

.l-4 Rdstatements and didif thyre tru () or false(F). 1 Wformth passiv With th rrt formof partiip|. b + paSI 2 A|| vrbs nb usd in thassiv. 3 Wusthpassiv whnw know whor Wnat didthetion. 4 Wusth pssiv wiIhb whnw Want to sy whodidthation. Readthe txtand underIine aI|th exampIes of th pssiv. hnsaywhihtenss th passive vrbsre in.

hang th sntens from ativ to passive. Useth undrIind words s th subiet. 1 This|nds hv ttrtd tourists fromlIovr th world. 2 Thnwskirsort wi|| attrat visitors fromabrod. thinkthis|nds arthprft hoIiday 3 Pop| ntion. dsti 4 Thtravl agent hdbookd thflights bfore h rrangd thaommodatin. 5 Thfi|medTh LordoI th Rings in Nwlaland. 6 Peop| hv ught fishwighing up to 400kg in Nw Zalnd's Bf Is|ands. mple Touritsfrom |l ovor the world hve bean ttratod b the iolnde.

?aivoform uith tha gundand tho infinitivo

4 MathruIs 1-3 to xmpIs a-. Ruls 1 Passive forms roftnusdaftr verbs fo||owd bv a grund, e.g. enjo beingtkn to .., Thy anaIso b usd after vrbs foIIowd byan infinitiv, e.g.wantto b tken to ... Pssiv forms an|so b usdftrprpositins, .g. lookforwrd to bingtkn to ... to be flownoverMount in a hIioptr a H hops ook guid b heN4aori wsquitr|xd about being askd questions thsam || thtim, buth gottird of bingphotographed bytourists. givn I rmmbr bing turof thmusum in Auk|nd. d Wwantto be toIdabutthdisovr of th Bayof Isla nds. e Jo njoyd bingshownfamous tourist ttrtins. omplt th sond senten in ehpirso it mns th samas th first.Use passiv form and a grund or an infinitiv. 1 I wouIdn,t risksomon driving m up Mount ook. lwouldn't risk... 2 Srh was|ooking forwrd to somon thing hr sub diving. waslooking Sarah forward to ... popIe frind 3 ly an,t stand tlIing himbout histry. N4y frind n't stand ... 4 | nd somon mabout whihN4aori to advis viI|a to visit. l nd... guiding 5 I don,t mindpop| m round tourist sits. I dn,t mind... 6 Wexpt somon to givus a Iift to th Northap. Wexot ...

l{ewZealand

hits the worldstg

with thatshoutdbe wathed is a ountry NewZealand arefastbeoming inhabitants It'statented intrest. suhas Yearsago NwZalanders famos. intrnationall Hodgkins painter Franes and Mansfietd writerKatherine now However, to findsuess. abroad to travl werfored and gratly inrsed has ben travel of thatthe speed almostdai[ are beingimproved ommuniations by New ahieved been has also reognition international to staat home.ln rnt ears who havehosen Zealanders by JaneCampion, filmslike ThePiano,whihwas direted whihwas diretedby Pter andTheLordof the Ringstritogy, TheLordofthe Inded suessful. havebenhuge[y Jakson' NewZealand to up world the rest of Ringsnot on[ywokthe it is. ountry a bautiful what advertise hetped talentbt also ountry's and the boosted was industr hetourist as more an advantage has beome isolation geographial feettheyan tivand and musiians artists, entertainers, to the out to audienes whiterahing workin NwZea[and rstof th world.

in th passiv. Rwrite th sntens |\4ungnui th bahs of |\4ount oftn hoos 1 FamiIis forthirhoIidays. hbahs... Weansin Nw ndiarvd thvolno 2 Watr today. ZaIand ... hvolnos volnos. many xtint hy bui|t Auk|and itmong ... Auk|and formd xpIosion volani ln AD 10, an normoUs Lak Taupo. Lak Tupo ..' Is|nd. in th North thforsts dstroyd ThxpIosion hfrsts ... hikingtri|s in NwZea|and Younfindfivof th bst NatinaI Park. in th FjordIand Fiv...

Lt's ativat
Holidalpreparations
you ar goingto 9 Lookt th pitures and saywhatthings you go on ho|idy. hav/get Useth prompts donbfor to hIpyou. rsrvtions / |ean / mak shs / rpir |oths ar/ srvi hair/ ut pssport / rnw

tr rl

DRY

Causativehovelget
1 and2. ruIs 7 took at the mp|s a and b and ompIt I wasin NwZea|nd. mdawhen a I hdths shos h goeson b Simonis gottinghis hirrut bfore hoIidy, Rules + + objt tns f hv or 1 Wusth orrt for to do somthing wask/pay somon whn

2_

us.
forml than is |ss

form of hve/gt usingthe orrt I ompIt the sentns done andth idasin brkts. somthing '1 W'r (bdroom wk'it going nxt to / paint) trrib| at thmmnt. Iooks (it/ dy)? diffrnt. 2 Yourhir|ooks (ntraI hting Win wintr / so oId hr 3 It's t thmomnt. instaI|) (th It's notworking omputr I must / hk). prpr|y. (it/ rpir). |ast monthso |wthbrok 5 |\4 (adishwshr 6 W/ putin)in thkithn t wshup. rnt|y. Noww don'thv (thir ba loa| nwhous My parnts / bui|d) last ompn onstrution ar. (ths in |Vio. bya rftsman shos |/ mk)

ouitguidaPro6antation 10 In pairs,prpare for a shortoahtour for a prsntation

tourists whihrouteth sight.sing in yourarea.Did youwiIltalk tourwiIItakandwhihpIs of interst about. Thinkabout: prks' pIs intrst, of histori| monUmnts, musums, ntrtinmnt, naturaI fturs you thinktourists presentation. wiIl Add an informtion pIas wh Iol were bui|t, find intrstin8, .8.when popleare attratd wheryou an hav to thespIaes, your photograph takn. pair of students. anothr

1 1 Maknotesto rmindyou whatto mntionin your

(about to eah) 12 Nowgivyour presentation two minutes

Lo t d o tl L tl drxl o r I<s

Listning
2 to book Q,.l Yourgoingto hara touristphoning 1-5, for th LondonEy.Readstatmnts sometikts and didwhther th statments ar tru(T) thn Iistn or fals(F). forth London ymustb bookd in 1 AlItikts
0Vn .

fortikts is prtiular|y highat thmomnt. 2 Dmnd thtth|lr books th 3 Thtikt sI|r sUggsts tikts in orson. 4 Theal|r wnts to knowif h anavforthtikts
0 V n0 U .

itr<quiz
: l. 'l \ a : : : -.:

u bfr the rid. 5 htikts an b rikd Your goingto hara guidtaIking to group 3 ro6Jt.z who ar goingfor trip on the LondonEy. of tourists th Radthrough th notes. ThnIisten and ompIt information. London
_ a-.l .i r .: : i 1 :'l:: i

'l Whih Iandmrks: of thfamous ,l hs roofstrong jt? nough to SUpport a 1umbo 2 wsbui|t bSirhristophr Wrn btwen 1675 and 1710? rioting in thstrt wsbuiIt aftr bangry itizns whowrfed up withhving to ross th rivrb bot? London? 4 wsbui|t to prott of fmous 16thntur 5 is a ronstrution building?

o n th 1 Situatd: o f Lo ndlnium: at th 2 Ro manstt|mnt

of thit Importan of th rivr: th3 4 travI Rivrtr ve|: thanroad 5 6 prblms: Rivr ndpo||utln. -, in 20thntur: rivr no |ongr usdb hang on rivr
7

Th LondonEy 8 imtakn foronstrution:

th9 Rson foronstrution: to mrk ]0 projt gnuin|y Whintrsting?:

the questions' gainand answr 4 Listn in Londinium? sttI 1 Whdidth Romans floods? Lndon gainst donto prott hsbn 2 Wht port? a major stopbing 3 Whdid London prts ynotbui|t of th London thdiffrnt 4 Whywr p| n|? in on bui|t? Wr somof its parts 5 Whr usd. th speakr nd sntenes th phrass 5 UndrIine usdthm. why h/sh xpIain hppn bhn 1 thisdidn't / thisis n oinidn it |ld whtpp| al|d 2 asitws / tht,s rivr was th and trvl vit| to trad ws / th rivr 3 andtravl fortrd imprtnt rI| gods and to s|| in ndsnding / importing bringing goods for sa| porting frqunt oftn ) happnd / wre grt| armuh improvd hv / things 6 onditions now bttr 7 wasra|| profound| diffrnt / hangd hs a lot/ thThms thThms Iik 8 Londonrs p|asur Londoners to of sour bom yars to it in svn l it tksvn thyfinishd ears omp|t

Spaking
g 6),.o ln sma|I you groups, saywhihof th pIaes and why.Usthe wouIdIikto visitif you wrin London dialogu boxto hIpyou. Saying whihyou prfer thnvisitth A l,d muhrthergo t owrBridge London y. iI'sa to visitth Londonebuse B W||, l,d pre|er fntsti. b IovI dandthviwshould wouldbe muh Thtr I thinkThG|ol Atull, thn ithrof thos. morinteresting Personll, l |ind Ihethatrrotherboring. s hlf s interesting B M too.l don,tfind h G|ob w ouId visit. things most of thothr goto th London ' thn. Right. Lt,s

itimulu - b aod diuion

9 Disuss thesquestions. bIow show? 1 Whtd thstatistis |ik to visit? do popl 2 Wht ttrations 1 nd nyousin thphotos 3 Wht sortf ttrtions you popular? thinkthr 2? Whydo popuIr in ur attrations tourist 4 Wht rthmost ou ntry? or shouId bfre, ndmusums 5 ShouId artgaIlris ppl payto visit thm?
in Lndon fiutourisl ttrctins
t:

emonll announ Undrstanding

nd ar lmagin thatyou havhad a dayout in London now goinghomby train.Whenyou arrivat the sttion ou notithatyourtrain is not on th information you askto find out th wouId Whtqustions board. information? following trin? forthdinburgh 1 p|tform 2 lale? qUUe in? to stand 3 pssngr timof dpartur? 4 xptd on bord? 5 faiIities aptd? tikts' 6 .savr 6J,', Listn nd find s announement to th station you qustions of thought possibI th to as manyanswrs in 6.

lt

.*

omplet th survey boutntrtainmnt' thn ompar yourIass rsults. Whtdo thyshowaboutyour prfrnes for entertainment?
wath TV listn to th radio 8o to th inma go to th thtr listn to a asstt or D

nvr smtims quit ften vry oftn ti

Studyingthe sample
Undsrstnding tha ts
Lookt the piturs. Whatinformtion r theygiving? Radth text.Mthth rviewr's idsa_f to paragraphs 1_6.lgnore th nounsin brakets' rommendtions b thniaI dtaiIs of thorodution brif sUmmary of thplot d introdution to thhratrs e subjt of thrviw f ownopinions bout th play

lodbuilding
4 hange the nouns1-10 into adjetives.

-,o,, ."o,-,,, (.;;;;;il,,J"* 'iftim ';:;

pla to pla in sonds. I., udditio.', a baskt bomes a ra1|waarriag, liminating th nssity for " (xpns)and , (inonvnin) sn hangs. Sm sns ar truly 8 (fright) and thr wre oasions whn th audin was sraming in trrol. Howvr, th play nvr allows the audin to s too muh, and mrely suggsts suprnatural happnings, whih is surprisingly, (fft). brsay mor would giv verything awy. so] you ar rady to suspnd your disblif and b t,',po.t"j rnto into th th thri.l thri]l of nf a

us . ofligh tin*,, n,*n,}1' |i ffii;f audin from

h story ntres around a young man who visits th isolatd hous of somone who has ."...,1ty did. Th loal inhabitants sm unwilling to talk about th house, or its pvious ownr. As th story dvlops, the truth about th strang figur is slowly reveald but th al twist oms at th nd, when the audin is lft , (amazmnt) that a stagplay ould onvy suh a (powr) mssag. Th stag diretion is

do this xt.miysusstutly y adoptinganothrvoi or physial upp"u.u.,.", or simply puttingon anotheroat.

_th",. I".T:]" ".".;;ff:";:i.::.;'#,,old, ' (diffren) parts.Thy

Th Woml i Blk, now showing at th Fotun Thatr in London, is a play basd on u gr'o,.-t story adtd from a novl by Susan ill. It tlls th t" r u o*ur who appears unexptdly throughout ',,u,'*" th plav. lthough tha six

{
.a

mal and
t

: t {

,.::T, aJtart, th j3;.i,

hadings and put 3 as paragrph Usa_f from exris intothe with the theatr thesewordsonnted paragrph. appropriate g dirtor * u ostof prodution * haratrs * atrs * u * ritis' pIa othr musi |66311on of thtr |ngth f * stting * rommndations * plot* produr opinions g * stag * spia| props* strngths thniaI effts * youropinion * writr * waknsss dtaiIs to in|ud 5 are importnt whihwordsin exrise 6 Dide in a rview and whihonsar unnssry.

Lin ords
'|1 Mathth |inkwords1_8to their ussa_d. point of alI theIast 1 For start, a to introdu id a ontrsting 2 Inaddition, b to introdu thfirstpoint to introdu 3 Fin |l, point a furthr 4 Howvr, d to introdu 5 Furthrmor, hnd, 6 0n thothr 7 NvrthIss, B Tosumup,

Stpsto httr writing

.1_3. may Someadvrbs into groups 7 Put thesedvrbs in morthanone group. appar * onsidrb|y * ompIt|y * bsoIutl " xtrm|y r|l * s|ight|y * high| s quit* rthr * fir|y * tru| * tot|I a litt| intnsify themaning 1 dvrbs whih of thfft whihtondownor drs 2 dvrbs maning .|imit' or withungradb|, whih rusd 3 advrbs words, .g.0rrt |rom7. 1_6withan adverb sentens 8 (ompIte .l Thatrss prtty. whotookth ldWas trrifing. was 2 Thendof th p|y unomfortb|. Whadwr 3 hSats original. was 4 husof lighting trrifi. Was 5 |n mus| pnslv wr 6 Thtikts

Writing your reviw

Planning
of a playor a fiIm.Use 12 you are goingto writa reviw pIan yourwriting. to the foIlowing suggstions . hoos plor fi|mthatintrsts u.Do ntwrita hav not sn. rviw of somthing ou . Did youwi|I writ nd of paragraphs on th numbr in whih thy wilIappar. thordr . Did .g. to know, thrdr wiIlnd whtdtils whr it is n,th thnmof thfi|m/p|, ators, thauthor, to thstory, thstting, bakground intrsting information. or anyothr . |\4k imprtant |ist of whatarthmost of th(trtmnt or fi|m, .g. hrtristis of thpIay th ffts, of tors, thspia| th) th numbr story, snrV. thloation.

adverb lntansif1ing

iriting

\rlordsthat go togther
9 Mathverbs1-9 to th wordsthvare oftenusdwith a-i. a truth 1 adpt froma(n) b srt ln 2 srm to nothr onp|a th 3 rv| for nssit d (n) 4 onvy nov| from 5 transport f disb|if th 6 |iminate g trror 7 sm unwiIIing giv h to talkabout way a(n) B your mssag i powrfuI 9 suspend of yourown usingthe phrass 10 writefivsntens in 9. mple Tha pI w dptedfrom novel b 6uen Hil|.

yourintndd udien Thinking about whn away too muhof thstor Rmmbr notto giv his wouId of pIay or film. a rviw oUrwriting thngoing rding thrviw spoi| vrything for pop| to sth rformn. .l3 words). writ your rview(200_250 . organis yourrviw IogiaI| in prgraphs. . usphrass, yourwriting mor adverbs, t. to mak intrsting foryourrdrs. . uslinkwords ohernt. to mak ourrviw mak rommndations. som orsonaI

LhoYing
14 hkthatou have: . in|udd thnssary dtaiIs. II o notgivn aw surpriss. . writtn (200-250 words). th orrt amount

1\o aivo

(passiv) with th orret form of the sntens 1 mplet th vrbin brakts. (wrn) ntt trv| studnts |one in 1 Nowdays, ountris. dngrous (support) hvto wrk.H b his 2 omdsn't parnts. (th) thehi|drn ng|ish b summr 3 Lst voIuntr. studnt gpyrs (tk) by mor nd 4 t the momnt, mor studnts. (intrviw) o,|ok inafora 5 Ystrd t thr job. gp-r (hos) thr wks dstintion ago. 6 hhoIid (giv) Wa lot of 7 Wan'tg outtonight. homwork. (not buiIding omp|t) unti| 8 hnwshool yr. net

Pavo forms iththo grundand th infinitivs

with th wordsin itlis replaing thessntns 4 Rwrit or an infinitiv. form and gerund a pssiv yo to th thtr? tks somon 1 Do ou njoir whn ... Doyounjo of to tlloubout th histor Somon 2 Would u Iik ur isInd? ... Wou|d ou|ik you mindif somon sked 3 WouId ou fwqustions? Would oumind.. willgivm sominformtin 4 | hopIhatsomon ll Ustoms. but I hop.,. tking forwrd Io somon 5 rou looking ouon a tour of th ity? forwrd t ... rulooking Laualve hvo/get usingth orretform of hve/gt 5 Rwritth sntenes something don. l my pssport bfr hast rnw 1 hpssport agny golrod. b*fr*'l gtl ra,nawad f kvg"tt:5*f m.pp*rt traqd. lt ndd to be rpird. brok down. 2 M motrbik l hdto... I nd somon to fixit. dosn't wrk. 3 hisomputr I nd t... t pir hrnos. 4 Srh Wants somon wnts ... Srh a pr| t her forsomon to dlivr rrangd 5 jaki noUs. . .. Jki Wwnt somon to nds to b pintd. 6 Thkithn paint it. Wwnt...

answr. 2 hoosth orret pottry is bing/bn rvivd in th 1 hrtof mking ityof Nlsn. hurhs hvbing/bn buiIt in th 2 Somprtt Wima P|ain. wasbing/be onstrutd, th railwy svra| 3 Whn wrkrs wrki||d. introdud int 4 Gumtrs arsaidto havebing/be mny ago. thar ars bing/bn Iinkd to th ril ntwork. 5 N|sn hsnvr industr hasbing/bee hlpd by rnt 6 Thturist hangs. sntn in hpirso it mens th sond 3 omplet frmf the passiv th sms th first.Usth orrt hngs. or th tive and mkany othrnessary 1 Th rpainting ourshoo| t thmomnt. at thmomnt. Ourshoo| hasintrdud a nwlw. 2 Thgovrnment bythgovrnmnt. A nw|w ystrd wr aught bth poIi. 3 hriminaIs hepoli sterdy. wsrpairing myarwhnI rrivd. 4 hmhani whn| rrivd. Mrwill b signd tomorrow. 5 hontrt tomorrow. Wthpom rd to thstudnts. 6 htaher hpom foryrs. hv bn studing thprob|m 7 Sintists forars. hprob|m bnpubIishd befor. 8 hisbkhasn't h bfor. -

Reading
a_d t paragraphs 6 Radth textand mthdsriptins form of th th textwith th orrt 1_4.Thnomp|t verbsin brakts. rommndtin a Thwritr's thfi|m bout b Fts of thpIt thought thwritr Wht of thpIot d A dsription

l{riting
of film. lnludefatsaboutthe fiIm, 7 writ rview plot,whatyou thought of th film, and th dsription of you sing it' whther rommnd

* .
.l

:-. ii

:tl

^a

Listning
8 d),' You ar goingt hra London tour guid.Listen nd tik whtyou an do or seeat ahpla.

B*ftrs of sows: BIirWith2 is squlto th firstoo Th film rat horror hlm h BIir Wi|h Projt. (st) in and'=byJo Brlingr (dirt)
th B l ak H i l l s - t h s m I o a t i o n th a t (hoos) for th original Btlir With'

hngig f th Gurds {rv j*r,r:ls ldtini sll*r N*iss,s {!umr':

Shft*sbury v*c"E St a l's { thdr |

Who Th film tlls th story of fiv ollg studnts of Th BIir ar bsssdwith th spin-hilling Vts Hills t With Proif.vntually, thy g to th Blak a m ping in u p n d f ind ou t w h at r all y h p p n d a n d ralis thy th forst ovrnight. h nxt morning that thy didn't slp, but thy an,t mmb bizarr anvthins about th night bfo' Wors still, Trrifrd, bodis. (paint) on thir ,nbol,"* o n l y t o d i s o v r th a t t o wn , t o bak r u sh ty th m . s m t hi ng oI som o n h a s o m W i th is similr to-th firs1 Blai ttt'o , ok of Shdow.s With movi , t r ri f y i n g n w t r r i to , (giv) (xp.lor). Convining prformans " -mai n at or s a n d J f f y D o n o v a n i s o mplling y i t - r th ral strngth u, ,t","oranisr of th trip. Howvr, of th t is its fast.moving and unpditabl stor yl i n . S i n t h f i l m f i rs t o p n d , a u d i n s (suris)by th horrifi nding. u,ywh,

Sttu* *f r*s
Stt*f Qut Vltari t d*drr

whih is atin.paI.1' . of Shdows o s.'m u'p,Book o (intigu) b Th BIir you nd frighining'If -you,Il nioy itl With Projr,
tpr::.:r.::ri:r,r::,.:::l.l.r::rl:l:rl:

Wodstht go togthr

,l-5. , b, or , to omplt sntns 1 hoos th bestWord, Wa to 1 Travl|ing is a grat and urhrizons nw u|turs. xrin b strightn brdn a lngth in thmountains, Ni| wntmping hf|t 2 Whn withnatur. omp|tly in unIt a r|tinshipb tun sur thtthhotlwas suitbl, butI hdto 3 I wsn't thtrvl agnt's wordfor it and payfor it in
0Vn .

etive
with one of thesdjetivs. the sntns 3 omplete * rlisti * rIutnt u oblivious * outraqous * rui|
e Unas 1 2 D avW asto dmit h hd mdth wrong disio n. Luto th p artyb U1 Gr gf|tbo ut no t inviting h knwsh didn't I ikth ho st.

b bliv tk hrflight' it Was too |at 4 0nJss had bkd to hrmindandanel thetrip. b turn nng a mk brd hdlftthir 5 Hisxprins on Gry. H muhmor onfidnt. f|t b sign |m p r SS|o n a mr K
hv

travlIing |n. |t's not Itisto tkar if you,r gdidto hith-hik. ruis ws-. 0nly Thpri of thribban it! mi||ionirs ould fford timMarkhdbn to thAmazon 5 Itwsthfirst Hwasomp|tIy to dangr. rinforst. of trvl in Asia. Hwas hadxpttions 6 on for histrip. w||-prpard

Prapoeition
prpositions. th sntns with th orrt 4 ompIte *around*t*ineon*to ,l Pop| vrsit London froma|| 2 3 4 5 thworld. It,s on of urop's toptourist dstintions. Rddoubl-dkr buss r fun|trnativ taking thUndrground. park. itshart is Hd Prkis London's biggst th|ak Srpntin. andgtused to Itntaksom timto stt| ityl Lndon. |t's a vrynfusing youan|ways rly Lndon |fyou'r lost, po|iman youout. to h|p

xprssion vi|lhhvo
in sntens 1_5with th 2 RpIa th wordsin itaIis form of thesexpressions. orrt * hav * hav * hsno nntion a hang of hart it out * l hav good you mindt an'thavit bothways trv|ling hasnothing todo withpakg 1 |ndpndnt tourism. likto dois givup mjob and trvl 2 Whtl,drell round for a yr. thworId hropinion aboutwsting th summr 3 Amyltrd doing nothing. 4 |t's impssibl to arna Iotof mon nddo nis job - ou musthoose on thingor theothr. tosttl n rgumnt withhisgir|frind 5 Brtt trid abut to go. whr thywerging

|ordbuilding
form of adjtive th sntns with th orrt 5 Complt the wordin brkts. storm at thbginning of thfi|mstth 1 h (trrif) forth rstof thstory. sn stunts in th 2 hudin wsmzd bth(spta|) mvi. atin tolda -story of lov nd rVng. 3 Thbok (poWr, prformn gav in th play. 4 hator a(disappoint) is to kpth wto t|la goodstory 5 hmost gussing. (fft) udin

TIe

BriCisI

tld

tlleir

Grs
Rad bIow. thtxtand mplt th summar ^

1-5 ar tru Radth ttblownd didif statmnts (T) (F). sttmnts. orrt the faIs or faIse rin Britin. in furowns 1 0n prson Iik to ivthir r thtth British 2 lt sms an idntit. a wayof gtting rs arsimpl tr th British, fromA to B. pp| luing ntonsidr British wouId N,4ost a ron th|ntrnt. rn Brltain arfinnd |\4any rspurhsd outa Ion. btaking

Why do the Britishdriveon the teft?

hesimple ftthata Irge mjority ofthehumn raehsa|ways beenright.handed ounts fortne driving hbits of theBritish. arly roadusers kept to theleftso theyouId drawswords, or uselanes, withtheir right rms. In1300, PopeBonifae VlII direted pilgrims to Rome to keep to theIeft ofthe rods, a ruling thatWst0 beome a kind of |w. Skipforwrd to theeighteenth entury ndyoufind thtWgon drivers wereusuaI|y seated ontheright so tht theyouId hoId a whipintheirright hno without interferene from theIoad behind. heyould lsoseedown theright-hnd sideofthewagon to mke surethat thex|e hubsndthewheels didn,t lash whenpassing onoming Wgons. Consequent|y, al|ountries that werepart oftheBritish mpire Iso drove onthe left. ()ne ofthereasons whyAmeria took to theright hand sideoftherodgoesbak to thedesign of their freight Wagons in the 1790s' Bigger thn those useo in Britin, theyhadno drrver seat, anddrivers ontro||ed thehorses by riding ontherearIeft hrse, using a whipintheir right-hand. WhenWgons trve||ing in opposite diretions hadto pss, ean instintively moved to theirright. Frenh freight Wag0ns weredesigned in simrlar wy- ndNpo|eon, objeting to theo|dpp| ruIing, preferred t drive ontheright. So.in ountrles ,keep onquered by Napo|eon, the po|iy right, beame, andremained, therule.
A Magazine Spring 2003
,ilill:::'

h Britishlovthir ars ount t the iast offiial th e r eW e ra 0 o u l millionars registrd' ht.sroundon ar for evrr two poplin th ountryl on survydisovrd th a t a r s a r e s o p p u|r thirowners treatthm like a seond home . most ars hav ben r nt of thoS usd as plato eat or s|ep.Frt-five g i v n th e i r a r a n am. v n sai d t htt h y h a d intrvi e w d buyrsWantto buy thirr as haplyas 'n-,* and i n or d rto g t t h b s t p ri e ,m a n U s o ossib".r. | o f t h o s t intrn t o s e ar hfor a n e w a r A l a r g e .m a 1 o r i to Wa ffetive an this onsiderd they said survyed a ar. _ th r m o b i l i ty a ar i s n, ton |a b o u ti n r a s d h os i ng power and statusof its owner.rthis indiats*th to takr out lonsto lnanr rason,peoplare prprd thir hms,th ar is the "ys tt' ;;i;;;;;"' th Britishmak. igg";t urhas ""-t

Talking aboutyourountry
boutyourountry. thesqustions ...jAnswr popl hv towrds thir rs? d 1 Wht ttitud Why? |ik to driv? 2 Wht kindof rwou|d our|| withut rwhr is it to mng Howsy ou Iiv? in yourtown rt do rs 4 Wht kindof prob|ms or ity? prob|ms d|t With? arths 5 Howsussfu||y

Summary PopBnif At th bginning of thfourtnth ntUr, Inth wlk] -. d|rd thtpiIgrlms t Rom shouId s thtth 1700s, wagon to siton thright drivrs usd 2 thatthir ou|d nbId thmto nsur . hisa|so Asa wgon wh|s intoths of -. did notrsh . Wagons rsu|t vron drov on thlftin tha hors in th USAhadno 5 saton thIft . s drivrs pssd wgons t th 6 of thtm. Whn ths m d Npo|on ah ovr to 7 othr, thmovd 8 on thright rtin thtpop| in drov

tigtlnt

ligrhts

1 Lookat th pitur. Whtdo you think it shows?

WHYY0URlDs WlLLNEVER sE
THESTARS
By Mark Townsend
it hasenhanted Sine thedawnof iviIistion. and humanity' intrigued Butthenight skywithitsomets, onste||tions ndg|axies hasnwvnished formuh of po||ution, thepopuIation in Britain. Light aused bythe hugerisein atifii| lighting t night from street Iamps. fatories andirports, means tht theheavens reno longer visible beyond theglowof neon andsodium. We hvedestroyed ourviewofthestrs in a matter of popuIated dedes. 0n|y themost thinly depths of Sot|and parks ndtheheart of ngIand,s nationaI andWaIes, generation remin tru|y drk. Morethanha|f thepresent of havenever Way, hi|dren seentheMi|ky theband of gses andstars thtstrethes fromhorizon to horizon. Butthe

Reading
2 Radthe txtand ompIte th informtion .l Rasons po||ution forIight in Britain: 2 Dark rmining: aras 3 Proportin of hi|drn whohv sn thMiIky Wy poIIution Prntg of Britin unfftd by Iight in the 1950s: nwdys: -, 5 Rsns fortheinrs in surit |ighting: pss plIution: ntion to |w 6 First to rdue Iight San th txtand answr th qustions. 1 Aording to thwritr, wht hsth night efft sky hdon humn lwys bings? Kt Prminstr 2 Howds dsrib thnight sky? 3 Wht ritiism ds thewritr mk of surity lighting? is thDpartmnt 4 Wht masurs forTrnsport urrntl pollution? light tking to rdue

Voabu !ary
nvironmental iesues
sntnes 4 hoos wordto omp|t th mostappropriate in th txt. 1_6.At Ieast on of the wordsappars nvr sthstars. wiII 1 hrea| is ththiIdrn lrmffr problm/doubr in Britain. 2 Air poIIution is now srius things 3 W'r onof thmostbutifuI fstIosing hasto offr. ountrsid/ntur polIution b ab| thtw mynVr 4 Light is so bd/poor Wy agin. to sth N4iIky by bing tkensrious|y 5 honrn/issu is s|owl govrn mn l organistions. n nquir/inqust 6 hgovrnmnt is nwonduting pollution. intolight anyofthenext is thathrdly reaI ferforastrnomers beauty. generation in suheIestiaI to share wiII be abIe po||ution is of light expnsion heextraordinary in 1984 and London taken images of bysatellite exposed of |ightwith in a bubble trpped shown is|nd 2003' They Yetduring unaffeted. remining 2%of Britain about on|y gIow. sky affeted by ofthe UK ws on|y 50% the 1950s probIem. nationaI Nowit is serious for oftheCampaign exeutive hief KteParminster, thenext that nglnd, beIieves of Rural theProtetion frm therestofthe genertion isolated wi|| be omplete|y ,We,re fastIosing Iight. of artifiiaI behind a bank universe hasto things nature andmazing beautifuI oneofthemost .Already where of us livein p|es most offer us,, shesid. glimpse ourown pollution we'llnever is so badthat light galaxy, Way.' theMilky f0rthetrend. blamed is partly rime hegrowth of rural whose Iighting of seurity theintrodution enouraging passing upthe atIights onwithevery to swith tendeny too and too sensitive Mny are |oations. most remote bright. A serious|y' taken being Buttheissueis sIw|y an inquiry to ondut began of MPs in tebruary ommittee pl|ution. onern Unfotunate|y of Iight into theeffets ountries, uropean thatof other Iags fr behind in Marh2003, partiuIar|y where, RepubIi theCzeh first thewor|d through to push he|ped astronomers po||utin. meantime, ln the Iight redue Iaw to ountrywide the ounting wiIlontinue forTrnsport theDepartment to over whihhavea heavy lamps of street number |f downonto therod. is directed thatIight ensure on before it is tooIate, nbetaken mesures effetive shouId be Stars nd3,000 2,000 betwen |er, darknight visible in thesky. Vorbs vrith ngativo m9anin96 a_h.hnput th 5 Mththsvrbsto the manings position 1_B. in sntns vrbsin the orrt * expsd * dstroyd * ausd u b|amd " fftd n iso|td * trappd * vnishd a b d h|d rsponsib| brought bout fromsight disapprd (b) troubld f g h utoff ruind madknown ught

l*

1 Dos know wht thxpIosion? nyon wsby to th ozone|r 2 hraI of thdamg xtnt

nWsppr. an artiI in a ntinal ago' mny nturis wsbyan arthquk 3 hnint it thydid notdo. 4 No n|iks to bforsomthing thy gusts n hourbfor forovr 5 otl wrin th |ift Wr rSU0. thns thorridor hghost| figur walkd down quik|y as it hadpperd. bnbyth hav hwmanpopl Itis notytknown vlrus. unknown fromiviIistion is|nds hv ben 8 Pop| |iving on ths of yrs. for hundrds

polIution in your is th prob|m of Iight Howsrious ou ntr? . Whdo youthinkgovrnmnts to tkmasurs shou|d rdu it? . Howfftiv to rdu msUrs do outhinkurrnt polIution b? Iight might HowouId |ight pop| t rdu b prsudd ordinr p|lution in thfutur?

@
::.r*.:.it*u:ataliltit:i.1t,ii:r:,xai:ttgiti::,.1]:*1!::U|Ulliiiii::ii:11.1}i,,,,':.rrlalilillllril:.:rrr.al:llgifl:i..rl.lirrllailllli:

l{|ays of taIking about th future

QlliI<Gr.''-z
Maththe vrbsin itaIiin sntns 1-4 to the manings a_d. 1 |sthtthphon? I'ilanswr it. going go pizza 2 \Ne,r to outfor a tonight. hving n intrviw 3 |,m for job tomorrow. 4 Thng|ish |ss starfs at 8.0. b d n Vnt on timtab| n intntion a dfinite arrangmnt whihhasiustbnmde a dision

willor going to
5 ompIt th onvrsations usingwill or goingto, aording to whthr the prsonhasaIready didd to do something or is diding or agring to do something at th timof spaking. youoming 1 Arn,t withusto thinma? putmyft No,I'mxhaustd. |up in front of thTVanddo nothing at |l. 2 What do youfny on Saturday night? ding Havn't |u! oh, I know. Wtrythatnw |taIian rstaurnt in th High Strt. 3 do your|\4ths homwork tonight? ootrulI wantto gtit out of thwaybfor th wknd. 4 What do bout thatinvitation w reivd to part? Pau|'s Sarh ml I don'tra|l Want to g,do ou? 5 Whn l |av shoo|, |finda jbthatra||y intrsts m! I'v mdm mindup to d that, tool giv 6 |thonrt tomorrow ua ringbout night. ht,s I shuId fin. bat hom thn.

Desrib this piture of a smarthous. Whtdo youthink a smarthouse is? Howdoesit ompare with a typiaI home nowadays?

Futuresimplnd futurontinuous

,l-4. 6 Readth mpls -d and answr the questions a Thi time not woo, l,ll b movinginto m naw houo. l,Il bo in Pri. b Net wae, We,regoing on holid.Thi time tomarrow,wa,ll be Jling to Fome. phono ou tomorrow d We need to spoK'so we,II from Fomo. 0K? 1 Whih is usd tens to taIk about an tivit thtwiIlb in progrss at a spifi timin thfutur? 2 Whih tns do Wusto tIk about olans thtw know bout bfor spaking? gnral 3 Whih tns do WUs for preditions, statmnts about thfutur r disions about th futur thtw mk at th momnt of speking? 4 Hwdo wformthfutur ontinuous? 7 writesntnes aboutwhtyou wi|Ib doingat thes timesin the futur. 1 thisvning 2 thistimtomorrow 3 nxtSturday aftrnoon yr 4 nxt 5 in twoars'tim mornin 6 t thr o.Iok tomorrow EmpI Thi eveningl,ll bo meetingm frinds.

,i,,.n to someone tlkingaboutthe smrthous '.Q,:l and didif th statmnts ar tru() or fals(). orrt thoswhihar fa|s. ,l wi|| hv hbuiIdrs finishd thhous byth ndof thYar. 2 What is insid th hous wiII hav a trmnoUS fft on ourIivs in futur. 3 hinsid f thehous looks omp|t|y diffrnt frommost modrn houss. 4 Rsidnts wiI| findmuhmor thnxtd in thhus. 5 0n| th rihwiII bbI to affrd hous |ik this. 6 Thdsign mans th|dr| wi|| b |iving indpndntly for muhIongr thnthd tody. Do you thinkany of th prditions in exeris 3 ar Iikly to omtrue?Why/Why not?

a nd b nd 8 Lookat th eamp|es .l nd 2. ru|s omplte tonightl wilI a F veno,IoK hvofinishod m homowor. pople wiIIhvo tKan b tv\ost hundrad of m b the time tha dro 20 ers old. to ta|k 1 Wusthb thtwi|| an tivity about in th tim a soifi finishd bv futu r. prft simp| 2 oformthfutur + Wuswill (not) past piipIe. with the the sentns 9 ompIet or form:futursimpI orrt of the vrb simple, futureperfet in brkets. ,l hnginrs (onnt) tim. by I unh tht|phon prnts (us) 2 Infu1ur, to hk amrs rmot-ontro| in bd. arsaf thirhiIdrn husho|d 5,vr 3 By201 (inna|| ) surit a|rm. (bb|) to 4 Pop| |ight in th on vr swith viaa omputr. hous (swith dttors 5 Smok gs |vls of if th supp|y off) rhigh. monoxid rbon

simpl Future erfoi.

ontinuous. usingthe futurprft th sntens 11 ompIet hrsidays ago. |iving 1 | startd l wiIIhva boan living herofor weoK. Bthistimtmorrw whnshwas17yars old. driving 2 Sustartd BythtimSuis 25,sh... writing hisnwbooktwo months ago. strted Thuthor mting next month h ... w hav ur tim Byth my homwork t furo'|ok. doing I strted I ... o'lok Bsvn wks ago. thr ththous ompny started bui|ding honstrution wk thy... Bythndof nxt
ffi

Extrawords his wi|| s whoI. individua||y. Rd h sntn hIin D notjustrad if a wordis ndd or not. h| voudid but mosthvean xtrawordwhih 12 adth text.Somof th linsar orret, Cross out th extrwordsnd tik (/) the Iines doesnot fit into th sntn. whihar orrt.

Robti futur rushstowards us

be installed som ewhere The fir st r o bo t.o ntr o lld tx i w itt { in the w o r ld btw een z o o 4 and 2o o 7. No t o n[y that, b ut b efor this deade is o ver , new s pr snter s w ill b tr ansmit what they s tiv to V sr eens fr m mir o .senso r s planted in their

a and b and 10 Lookat exampls ,|and 2. ruIs ompIte a 9 tha ond of tha or l will hvo beon lrningnglish for overfour ers. b t tho ond of thi month dohn wiIIhvo been worKing here for rtl fiva er. Rules to ta|k 1 Wusthbn hv thatwi|| but tions priod of for rtin happning point in spifi timbfor thfutur. prft 2 Toformthfutur WUs ontinuous + th -i8 +hve+formof thvrb.

ontinuou Future Porfol.

opti nrve.What thy say witl have b pikdup by mobil phon wo yars aftr tht, ' imp[anted in th thir shouldrs. transmittrs ' the first of fatorieswitt be workingin spae, making miro-hips from rystalswhih grownin spa' and shippingthem bak to the * ' witt b shuttles.B zoo6, biomtrisignaturs arth in auto-pilot Workrs witt gain entry, and ustomerswitt get .. ommonpla. optiat-'* throughbingomputer.basd at a glane, thir reditbalans reognitionofthireys.Stolnwithpersona[tehnia[equipmentWi rfusetoworkbausitannotbeenreognisthepattrnsofthown [etions Poplewill vot on-linein loal and nationa[ fingerprints. .going out' ? from mobile terminalsin all over the world. B zoo5, ?, films,live onerts? witt be matterof a stayingin and downloading maths at a timby whihsuitsyourroutin. to wath andfootbatt ',
ryr:;;,::*st'
a

Lt's ativat
Lif in the futura
wiIIbe doing/ 13 Usetopis'l_6'nd someof yourown'to taIkaboutwhat popI whre or th futureperfet wilI havdonby 2050.Usth futurontinuous possibl. Eompl W,II ll hve |arnadto ;PoaK tho mo languge. 5 foodnddrink 3 sp travl 1 robots 4 trnsport 6 work 2 dution

Pores

IDor!

wiIlhv diffiu|ty Wnd says thy timforthwlk. a f reing up nough progrss i. on moving b mking tmis |ws on hnd. a sUpport mking sUr in frzing tmpratUrs. Iong distns d w|king th qustions. and answr 1 Lookt th pitures piturs show? 1 What do th pIas pop| likths? t plor mtivates 2 What problems would fasurviving do youthinkpop| 3 What in ths ls? worrid bout Hrry is most of an unwantd rrivaI withthunxptd a daIlng visitor. forth foodndsupplis thyhav nough b nsuring jou rny' forthXtrm bodwight having to putotra itions. ond quipmnt. thright mrgn to pk d rmmbring t is loking frwrd Wnd for god risd mon of having thstisftin aUse. prssur ridgs. of rossing b thhal|ng withthsurroundings. to felat p thhne of ntur thwondrs to photograph d thopportunit wi|| thth andWnd Harry blivs to ahiv. thmng b proud of whtvr is ovr. whn thir ordaI hros b bforgottn whtvr hppns. it to th Po| mk frinds ndfmiIy. of thir d winth rspt journy tht during thir Hrry says probabl mst, Risotto. |os thirIuky a thy'|| t survive. hav to workhard dfinit|y b thy'|| probab| rah a prt of thithynross. th'|| rgumnt. hv srious d thy'|| rtinIy in poIar rgions bm intrsted Harr andWnd quit young hiIdrn. thywr a whn wr thy on thirhonymoon. b whi| programms bout thra. wthing after thy md t th Antarti. a trip d during wiII to op withthtrip thatth b ab| Hrry f|s th baus prtin simi|r po|r trkbfor. tkn hav in thpoIar rgions tough training b hv donesom in po|r studid thrtof survivaI onditions. hv intnsiv hdsom xprin of |ss trks d hv |swhr.

Listning
2 6J.z to Your goingto heara hatshowhosttaIking whos im is to b th firsthusband and British oupI qustions Radthrough wiftamto waIkto bothpo|s. th orret answrs. 1_7.henlistenand hoose

Pronu niation
Homophonos
3 Somwordssoundth sam,but r written Q,' Listn to some meanings. diffrntI and havedifferent prtsof th taIkaginand irI th wordsou har. ,l ars ours 5 pi / pae / |asd 6 2 wight / |st i wit 7 ban 3 br / bn / br 4 th'r / thr

of th wordsyou havnot irId 4 Explain th meanings in 3.

Homonlms
5 Q"l Somwordslook nd soundth smebut have meanings. Listn diffrnt and mathth words1_5to th manings a_. ,I p|n a lampi brightnss / nothvy 2 might b rmin upright or / tolrt i b situtd Ioatd 3 lrght mk dti|d mp/ intnd l arrange nd bforeha possibiIity 4 spa d strngth xprssing / mod| 5 st nd room the univrs byond ourrth /

l ntarpreting hoadlins
8 Mthth hadlins 1-4 to th paragraphs a_d.

, -

Amater adventurers threaten t white wildgrness s,.,,,,.*,,,,

Speaking
6pultinq
6 66).sln groups, disuss how asyor diffiu|t it mightb to takepartin thsunusuI ativitis to raisemoneyfor harity. Usthe dia|ogu boxto heIpyou. Rowing up thAmazon ling aross Pru Walking aross Kny Siling aross tht|nti Spu Iating A lt,sdifJiult to s eaI| howdiffiultit mightb to do ths things. B l suppose mightbe theosiest. vrbody y|ing knows howto |, don,t the? Surel rowing lould up thAmazn be themost diffiulPRowing mustbe hardwork,mustn,t it? D I'drthr rowU0thAmazon thansaiI aross th At|anti! lt n,tbe muhfun bing stuk on yht in thmiddl of an oan forwks n nd. nit? Pioritisinq 7 6J' Disuss the importne of th hritis and yoursupport. whih dide one mostnds Usth you. diaIogue boxto h|p Sundr|nd Hom forstrV Dos Hous th Homlss ampaign sthm aginst Supprt WiIdIif organi truitandVgtb| Soit Prioritising produ A I don,tthinksupporIing ulould orgni b nrI th hom|ss, as usful os h|ping d you? B Thtwoulddfinitel I b m lst hoie, aIthough produ is bttr. No,l thinkweshould thinkorgani help to protet wiIdIif. muhmor For me,tht,s produ. ln ft,I thinkit,s importntthn organi the mostimportntof ll'

.,r,:,rr:,:llli"::llliiitt" '.,,,:llt:r'r',,:'r,,,.:::rlrr::.:::,,.:r,rirrtir..:,r::,,.:..':r

Big usinsslooks to lan up y laning up th South Pol

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thraten nta,iii. ip"

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sea temperaturehangs
_. ,,it}.,,,:::.,.ir::.::.r.,arr:,:iriiii:,.,r::.:,:riiir,.rirrrriiar:,.:.,,,,.irrrr,,.....i1fi...i,,,.,:r,.,,,r,**,.j

a It's thultimat dstintion foradvntur soorts and wiIdIif sfris. hsnry is stunning. Buttourists shouId notb nouragd to visit ntarti. Aording to nvironmntIists thfrgiI osystm shou|d b prottd from tourism. prjt polIutin b Vivndi nvironnmnt.s to rmov fromAntrtia myb daunting, butit wiII boost th firm's rdibility. In100yars' timthSouthrn on tmosphre wou|d bwrmr, withmuh|ss indsnow on the pninsuIa. .|Vany d Antrti organisms arsusptible to vrsm|| .So hangs in tmpertur,, Profssor |rk said. if projtions som of thmr Xtrm of tmprtur hang in thsvntuat it is Iikl thtwwi|| hv som xtintions.' 9 Disuss thsqustions. 1 Wht do thhdIins suggst? yu 2 Wht g|obaI do thinkis using warming? 3 Wht nb doneto prvnt it? 4 Wht othr thrats is thwor|d faing today?

a1cpl7ing
,l

for

o iob
Nam: Angla hylor

you agror whihof thsstatements ln pairs,disuss for youropinions. with.Givrasons disagr in job stisfation thnmony. 1 |'mmoreintrstd mworking Wnt to spend th who|e of Iif 2 | wu|dn't job. thsam doing job I hav, |'msure thr'|| btims whenI'm 3 Whatevr bord.

a Th rol '_--_-

uith r^ror lords conneted

2 Mathwords1_8to wordsa_h to makphrases whtthe phrases with work.Thndisuss onneted mn. a high/Iow s|ar 1 pp|y fora b rtirmnt 2 earna staff 3 bon d job/post/position 4 ginsom workxprine 5 takr| f rfrn xtra 6 rruit g rdundant 7 supp| h mtrnity |ave 8 b md

Studyingthe sampls
the ta Undrtanding
abouta personal statement and 3 Readthe information th qustions. answer .l Whowrits rsonI sttmnt? might findit usfu|? 2 Whdo youthinkn mp|oyr Prsonal statment hisis an vrII or supp|mntary statmnt abut yourahivments, intrsts ndabiIitis. Itma highIight anywhih arpartiu|ar|y signifiant to you. Itis oftn youargoing what usfuI to disuss to syin prson. yourprsonaI sttmnt withnothr Itis important to rmmbr thtthsttmnt is yours. prsonaI ayIor's sttmnt. Ignore RadAngIa the gaps. a_. Mathtopis.l_3to paragraphs hartr nd prsn|it 1 AngIa,s p|ns Iong-trm rr ndmainintrsts 2 AngI,s p|ns hobbis andshort-trm forthefutur 3 Ang|'s prsonl Ang|'s sttmnt by putting a ompIete gap. prposition in eah suitabIe

y hobbis ar rading playing hss, and travlling. i limbd ount Kitimanja u _*--th ag of 17 with an organisd xpdition. I am urrntly tarning to-driv and am omputr-litrat. y full.tim duation wii] hav finishd ' July this yar and I will b spnding August and Sptbr ustralia. '=-Whil I am a rativ prson/ I am abl to kp alm in a risis and vry rarly los my tmpI. Working as a mmbr of a tam is somthing i would w]om. I fl I hav an aptitud youn8 popl and taking on rsponsibility for othrs.

today,s world has always intrstd m and I would lik to pulsu a arr . this fild. I =--njoy partiipating in all kinds of sport and, a many oasions, hav won mdals 5 athltis in both trak and fild vnts.

sport and physiat duation

nglq /or-

,'aix]%l.:.]'i}a&*39

A letter of appliation
form,CV, Ang|a sntwith hr appIiation 6 Radth Ittr for a job as a sports statment to pp|y and prsonaI with phrass a_h. Complt th Ittr oah. from haring a most onvn|nt b sussful app|iant t findn|osd o ppIition form s rqUestd o h tkup in d advrtisd

Dar Sir or Madam' job of sports oah I am writing to apply for th 1 Dil Nws. vstrday,s

3 b rquid to I r'oti." tt'ut the, -will yar, whih would b i post in Sptmbr of this 4 for m. my V and prsonal Statmnt, Pla""'.7 . ; togthr with my ompltd -, i look forward to * ,---._- yo, Yours faithfullY'

t.

ngetq t.
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Stepsto bettr writing

Formaland informallanguage
th hnging th sentenes 7 Rwrit more into the in italis words in whihappears formaIIanguag th txtsin 5 and 6. |ik to fryndfind a 1 l wouId arr in thisfiId. forwrd Io doinga|| I am |oking kinds of spots. l antypndlsousa word prossor. withyoung t daling | mgood pop|. job. prt-tim 5 | nowhav 6 | n usa omputr. wi||bgin is hosn 7 Whover in Sptmbr. working for m. bt'in wou|d 8 Septmbr me,l m snding 9 souskd my V. fromyou. lettr 10 I,mpeting so that the sntens 8 ompIet theyare truefor ou. to pursu a arer Iik 1 I wou|d , in ... 2 hkindof workI am intrstd in is.... to 3 |n myfirstjob,l wouldexpt arn..'. gaind .... | hv 4 At shoo| pa11i ipting in .... | njoy to . |rning 6 I am urrnt| Iwou|d 7 ''. is somthing w|om. for n aptitud I f|| hav

Writing yor personaIstatemntand lettr of appliation

tho tas Undorstanding
Itter and an aompanying sttement 9 You re goingto writa personaI for on of thsjobs.Readthe two to sndwith yourappIiation whihjob you wouldlike to applyfor. and dide advertisments

ga VidoStor requires
PreVious retailexperiene desirabt but notessential ust be bleto o-operate withother staffmembers and dealsympthtially Post avai[b[e fromotober Apptyin writing by sending a CV and prsonal statemnt to egaVideo, 16,London Road, Runford N446AN

. rainee lvlanager

information Highlighting forthjobyou in thadvrtisment important information thmost Undr|in in to inlud youto fus dtai|s on thnssar his wi|| h|p hosn. hav yourwriting. . . . . wi|| ontain howmanparagraphs Did ourstatmnt pragraph wiIlfous on. whath Dide in ahparagrph. to inlud a Iist of points Mak |ttr. aompanying to putin oUr whtdtails Did

Writing
writingand and ltter. ln pairs'hekahother,s 10 writeyourstatmnt mistaks. any orrt . Usapproprit formaI ns|ish.

LhocYing you hav: statemnt 1 1 hekthat in your personal

givnrasons forourmainintersts. . inludd hobbis andintrsts. othr yourhartr . dsribed ndabiIitis. you have: of appliation 1 2 hkthatin your Ietter . . . . . yourrson forwriting. sttd dat. to th starting rfrrd n|osd whtothr doumnts mntiond oUhav nding. thright usd (120-150 words). mount thorrt writtn

Will or going to
phrs 1 Undrlin th orrt t ompIt sntns 1_6. going 1 l'm strting univrsity in Otober. |,m tostud/,ll phsis. stdy 2 oh, th phon's ringing. going Dn,t worry, |,m to nswr/'lI nswr i|. Wht army plns forthwknd? going I,m to visit/,l| visit Jud. goingto Yoursuitas is havy. |,m help /'ll hlpyoUarr it. she,sgoig to hv/,ll hvdinner Jo n'tg outtonight' withherprnts. ging l'm ntsur but to thinm. Prhps l' goingto stin/,llstain IonighI.

Futureimpl and futursontinuou

2 Rewrite th sntnes usingth futurontinuous. 1 Laura is gorng to flto London nxt usdy morning. At ] 1 o,lok next Tusd ... 2 Dvid is ging to mt Annat thirport tonight. t sixo'|k tnight . .. going 3 W,r t wath ThLordof th Rings t thinm thisvning. t ight o.|ok thisvning ... 4 l'mgoing to trv| hombtrin tomorrow morning. Tomorrow morning ... 5 Bradis going to rvis forhisexm thiswknd. 0n Satu rd... 3 ompIete the sntns with th orrt form:futur simpIe or futurontinuous, of th verbin brakts. ,1 his (do) timtmrrw morning Wourxm. 2 Inthfutur w (o|onis) plnts. thr (mil) 3 |With thdtai|s of our oUtomorrow |ans. W,r rl| xitd abut ur hlid. At ight ,|ok on (trave|) trida w to Jami! (go I think| out) tonight, butI havn't didd yt. Wnr (wth) 6 hy thfilmt nine'|k tomorrow night.

phrase 4 Undrlin th orret to omplt the sntns. If possibI, bothar th ontinuous hoos frm. 1 | wiI!hvstudid/wi|! hvbn studing Frnh for ovr fivVrs bvth ndof thisvr. At nin,|ok hvbn ]amiewi|!hvpld/will pling bsktblI for xt|y twohours. l'll sndyouth rsults by lunhtime. I wi|| hv lultd/wiIl hvbn lulting thm by thn. WhnVlik tks hisdriving tstnXt wkh wil/ lrdhvtkn/wiIl lrdhvebntkingittwi. W'r mving intoournW aprtmnt nxt month bus th buildrs wiIlhv{lnishd/will hvbn rpairs. finishingth Wwill hvwthed/will hvbnwthing V for ovr fours hurs bythtimthisfi|m finishs!

ontinuoue Futurg?orfo,| simpleor futur orfe|.

Futu Porfocisimpl, futurs ontinuous or ' wiII, to going

5 omplete th sntns with th orrt form of th vrb in brakts. Useth futurprfet simpI, the future prftontinuous, will, or goingto. Thrmy b more than one possibl answr. (know) ] NxtMayw hothrfortwoyars. (probab| 2 B 2050 mnthplnt / o|nis) Mrs. (go) 3 |'mnotsur whr thisvening. Why Jnny do ouwnt to know? phon 4 Don't (wth) m {tr ninp.m. |th footblI math on V. 5 Ptr is 16ars oldtod. his timnxt arh (bab| to)to driva ar. (notb)hombsvn 6 Jordn o,|ok. H (sti|| pIay) bsktblI at shooI. / 7 W'r mving nxt month. Bthttimthbui|ders (finish) ournwhous. (work) 8 hdiretor is mking nwfiIm. on it forsixmonths.

Writing
form f th verbin th txtwith th orrt 6 Comp|te brakets.
Dar lnaR'

nevws |a| ov Ta|,Rs fo ov le++, I|,s gea| , (co,ne) |o LonJon n+ n1on+. Unfo|vnatlYl:: , hr wh I wod+ ov arriv. cavse I (Jo) a taining I cah,+ e/ieve I,|/ Covs in Brton, actva/t' w I,I s|a | s (finis al/ .a o].er - we'/| aR on | l1,|on/a rn taining hav lo ahJ t welome tim |d|.l lral

i { ii

li.qit Whil ou an
Ar th latst mobil phons too smart for thir own good? on th viruss gt to work, intllign ould b thir undoing, says Drrnan Graham-Rowe.
IT LooKS lik any thr mbil phon. Most of th tim it prats xatly lik any thr handst. But just on all from a partiular numbr and it an b swithd on without 1zour knwldg, with no outward sign that it is oprating. vrything you say will b apturd and snt aIoss th ntwork to th avsdrpp yt you will hav no ida that anyon is listning in. As wll as standard ll phn iruitry, a typial smart phon has a prossor and mmory that allow it to run appliation proglams, whih is why it an b an P musi playr, wb browsr and mail txt ditr all in on. othr softwar nabls you to tak piturs, p|a gams, dwnload and rad ltrni books and * ys _ Vn mak phon alls. But a phon that is sphistiatdenough to xut plograms is vulnrabl t th sort of attaks that un]uky PDA (Prsonal Digital Assistant) ownIs hav alrady xprind. Non of th thr main oprating systms inrporats antivirus softwar or a firwall, and of th ntworks only T-Mobil in th US is so far ffring a firwall for its GPRS mobil phon usIS. It is nly a mattr f tim bfor somon unlashs a malvolnt od that dos srious damag to phns. If you ar luky nough to own a smart phn, njoy it whil you an. NwSitist linNws19:00.01 tobr 0.
,:**.,.';1*|ili.i..].ixiiiir,a'...*il'i:'-|s]..'..........'''g999l]!}!*i:ail,'ti'}:i]i1i]]:l''.'.d!i,u*',....,.*..}

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u Wha| ov .lu.se'? \lql ar. ovr plans? ov finis'? Yov asR/ aov| ,Q. Wetl, I,ve l.|o-,'s n.ws,l *is " svnltr anJ W. (9o) ovt w,v |e|r to JiJJ

(oulJo> whn
9o| for 9l 9oo/ |r.e eas enged, |ovg " son

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ecavs. .\/ex ovse in lndns*e |o v ^ (move) to dl th eginning | | offic ^hv^Y, Ta|,s to a/| tn hws fo tl nn.n|'

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tt: sl

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about information to a frind.lnIud 7 writ shortIettr yourpIans, whatyouwiIlb doingandwhtyouwilI to use Remmber hvdoneat pointsin th futur. language. informal

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Reading
1-10 are tru 8 Rdth txtand didif the statements ()or flse (t). ,l phon at it. b |ooking smrt Yuanidntif phon thnan ordinar smart to ttk 2 lt'sasir pnon. is listning phon wiIlknowif somone usr 3 A smrt onvrstion. to 1hir programs. phon runs app|iation 4 A smrt |tof nd phon don't you a smart hav 5 |f ou quIpmnr. otnr phn viruss. will kiIl 6 A smrt withviruss. hdprob|ms hv of PDAs 7 owners smart to attk dv|pd bn lradY hv 8 Viruss pnons. ginst thirphons havprotetd oprtors 9 hr virus ttks. in the problms withviruss phons will hv 10 Smrt r. futu

Itomonlms
1 ompIt the pairsof sntnes with on of ths (words homonms tht soundth sam'but hv diffrent meanings). o light* might* mod| u powr produ * sid * sp 8 trm 1 a strot| is p|nning t b thfirstompany to opna hotI in outr Yunputyourbgon th |uggge rk. hr's p|nty of 2a ruging w thiswknd?,.| |t dpnds on thwthr'' -. pushd with ll hr butshstiII Ja --, uldn't openthdoor. 3a Thstudio is going to a nwsin fition film. hprosution Was b| to nwvidn to prov gui|t. thatJkson ws 4a hbright fromthrb|indd Sn. H uIdn,t sethrod had. hsuitse wassurprisinc|y . Lizhadn't *-* pkd muhfor hrwkwa. 5a hmth ndd with surpris rsuIt. hBristol sord thre tims gainst thPrmirship h mpions. Sarah hd sma|| but spoton on-.-f hrf. 6a hof thshipwsinrdibIy dtild. lt wsxat|y Iik thre| thing. Kthad|wys wantd to b butsn was.just tooshort. 7a her was utin Lndon lstnight. ovr 5'000 homs wrafftd. govrnmnt Thprsnt amto ovrtwo ago. ars 8a hshoI ndsthisFriday. gota We'v thre-wk hoIidy. Wht dos th--.intr-g|ti, mn?

he right ords
2 hoos the orret option, , b' or to omplt the text.

":' .. ;.". fition writrshv spul1d , ':i*1l..'" ho lldVsin sp.No w sin fitionhs ' l o mf.a1 h lntr n1io n| Spe S11ion is the ho lidy nd D nnis ito, ,"]::T..: businssmn . o lI I lo nir e r o mli o r ni, ws ltr sIguest. "; spa tr avlis no t fo r the o l+.. ^ t' .,^ . i 1 or yrs his mind. H e,d to o kdat th historvf spae plorationand is stiil ' that it,islfe ,he spa programmehas an ellnt safetv ,,he.x plaind l fo r his flight. .isk ,,; ,
ts v ry low. ,

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bn adangrous o"'iiljl"""o,*",.;i:*fl}J,' $l
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ls this thn the bginingf -r of spa holidays?xpertsrmain unrtin. .a.n ,Whover , o st sayso n sintist. peo pi w il| nver" ur" io, afford it, so it,sunlikly to , ', ln fat r ito paid,ll s ,n ,i to mak th

', _ l
1a 2a 3 4a 5 6a /a 8 9a '10 a

+: l

bout bfor f rut bway dstintion som bits a fint-hrtd b strong-hrtd wrm.hrtd brokn up b brokn out brokn in adpting bhnging trnsfrming onfirmd bdeidd onvind rrd bhistor note hving bmaking tking gV bm turnd 11 a tk off b go off mkoff 12a tr avI b to ur trip omp|te th sntns with th orrt form of th vrbs. rne gin* win o hiv
1 Sm WeK

quit |otf mn in thlottry lst

2 rina is a nurs andshdsn,t a hu mount of mony. 3 Studnts whrnotVry admi anoftn grt suss in thirhosn rrs. 4l |otof xprin working broad

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at Whih is thetemerture 451 Fahrenheit ln RaY fireandburns. o..o o.o.' athes vi:i:l :^the prophti ;"rld; astonishingly Hislobis t0 is a fireman. ;;;;. GuMontag as thyare whiharetorbidden burnbooks, ven andunhppiness' of alldisord thesoure his in is disord iS unhappy;there so,Montag in hishouse? hidden ;;;;;;. ;" books
!#F.A*'. 4:.g'ji.,.+]9sr.Aijiitl.+:i+ijE*:6:!i1!.="l

tfutffiA&-.' &ffiA by Ray BradburY

,But lfulz: he trees overhed md a grrat sound of|etting down their itfin wrk. Monday burn ilIy, Wdnesday Whrtman, ,em dryrin. Thegirlstpd andlookd s if shemight bk rn Friday Faulkner, ulI burn t shs, then burn the ashes. ht,s our surprise, but instead stood regarding Mntg wlth eyes sodrk and ffiiaI sIgan., shining and|iv ththe felt h hdsids0methin0 0Uite Thy walked therestof thewayin n unomfortable siln. wondfu|. But hknew hismouth had onl movd tosyhei|o,'nd When thy rahed hr house allitsiights were blzing. then when shesemed hypnotised bthesa|mander onhisarm ging n?, Mntag hd rarely sern s0many ous lights. ,0h, 'lvhat nd thhonix dis onhishest, hespok agin. just it my mother andfather andunl sitting ,0f ro"und, ,y0U,re ourse,, hesaid, a new neighbou1 you?, arn,t talking. lt likebeing a pedestrian, nlyrrerMy unle ,And ws youmust b,- sherised her eyes from his arrstd another rofessionI tim yu? did l telI pedestrin, fr being a ,the 0h, _ symbls firemn., Hr voie trailed off' We,r rl]osrprulir!, ,But ,Do Sheturned to fae thesidwlk going towrds thir homes. wht doyou t|k bout?, ,Good yu mind if Iwlk you? bk with I,m CIarisse MIelln., Sh |ughd t this' nightI, She startd uphr ,Clriss. waIk. Then GuyMontag. Cm along. What reyoudoing she outs semd tormember somthing . nd me bk down t look at ,Are |te wandring around? How you?, oId are here wsonly him thegirl with wondr and urisity. you happy?, she sid. w|king 'n I wha{?' with him now, her fe bright assnw inth monIight, nd heried. heknew shewaswrking hisquestions around, seking Butshewasgone thbest - running i nthemonlight. Her front door shut answerS pssibly she ould give. gently. ,Wll,, ,|,m shsaid. 1] and|,mraz' My unle says thetWO gotogether' alwys Whn your sk ge, hsid, lways opi say ]7and insane. |sn,t this nie time ofnight towlk? l Iike tosmell Your rtions things and lk atthings, nd sometims Sty upllnight, walking and wthing the sun rise., qustions. disuss ths They waIked on agin insilene nd fin|ly she sid, thoughtfuIly, ln groups, ,You show? Wht visions of th futur dos thxtrt knw, l,m not you fraid of tall., ,Why . Hwssurprised. about Wht think N4ontag fund unusul do you shu|d b?, ou ,So people mny are. fraid | riss? offiremen, l man. But vu,r iust a m a naft , r aIl, . . , What and|riss hppn to |\4ontg do outhinkwi|| ,D And then C|risse MCIe||an sid: you mind if lask? How lng in thstory? you hv workd tbeing firemn?, Wht did youthinkof thstr? ,Sine Iwastwnty, years ten g0., . Whydo outhinkthistpof stor is s popu|r? ,Do you evr read ny you ofthebooks burn?, Wht fition boks andlor filmshav sin ,That ourd Hlughed. aginst thelw|, ws rtd? or sn? How suspns '0h. 0f course.'

G r a m m ar
passiv withthe orret form the sntens 1 omp|et (grund of th verbsin brkets. or infinitiv) (tk) outt dinnr on my birthday. 1 l Iik (driv) b somon Is. mind 2 | don't (snd) opyof thisgrmnt. 3 Wxpt (hlp) grndmothr nds intothar 4 N/y nowdays. (tak) wr|ooking forwrd to to 5 ThhiIdrn ththm ark. usingth wordsgivn. the sntenes 2 Rewrite oUrIntrnet onntion this insta||d 1 An nginr morning. W... Zo,s wIlt whil shwason th bus. 2 Somn stol Zoe... Rob's biknXt Wk. 3 hshopis d|ivring Rob... hairon Sturda. wil|ut|\4ari,s 4 Thhairdrssr Marl ... withthe orrt futureform (wil/ th sntenes 3 ompIet or goingto)of th verbsin brakts. (go) tonight. DyouWnt to thinma to 1 Wom? nxt sixtn birthd! 2 | -(b) (rain). l\4ayb it Iook thrtning. 3 hos |ouds gt to my mothr for hrbirthday. I 4 I hv no idawhat (bu) hrsomflowrs! knowlI (buy) mon, |thtnwDl 5 If l hav nough quit (hav) ni, vning t hom tonight. 6 |with th orrt form:future 4 (ompIet the sntens of th vrb in brkts. future ontinuous, simpIe or (ply) nb at hom thisftrnoon' ] omwon't bsktb ||. phon (hav) mt sixo'|ok, I2 P|as don,t withmyfmil. dinnr (|iv) in thfutur. |onger thinkw 3 Sientists prhps (co) twht|,m doing ltr, 4 l'm notsur to thinm. (not to Pau|, shmt) 5 Srah hasjustspokn vning. hi mtomorrow (ntb)t shooI tomorrow bus it'sa 6 Wholid ay.

the sntnes. th bstfuturformto omp|t 5 hoose

sil will hvsild/will By thistim nxtr, Grgry thwor|d. round hv he will b visiting/will Austrlia, Whnh rahes visitdeighI. ountris. m bfinishing ln thryrs tim |'|| bt'inishd/,lI dgr. univrsit .What you thisevning?, r doing .I goingto wth V.' Prhps|,llwth/'m don,tknow. ,WhaI tim?, wilIou b doing/will ou do in tn yars' .|Vab goingto hvworkd in anothr |'llb working/,m oU ntry.' .I'm andI n't findmursbook.' |t forshool .|,ll/,m you Iook ging for it., ro h|p .Hv yougotnp|ns forthesummr?' ,Yes,l,m goingto go/,llgo |'m|rd saving to th stats. up forthtrip., .What gthom tonight?, timwil|ou ,|,ll hv bn bkby tn'|ok.' be/,ll

VoabuIary
Wordsthat go togethr
th worda, b, or ' to ompIet 6 hoos th orrt sentns. thir to oftn rquir thudin fi|ms 1 Atin disb|ief. forgt b d|y a suspnd famiIy about mssag onvd a2 Thp|a onflits. b thoughtfu| nar0 a powrfu| in srm fi|mmadNdia 3 hhorror d red b trror thnding of thp| rviw 4 hriti,s
a gVeU p b gvout gVaW

whih with speedand movmnt 9 Findwordsonntd in 1_7.he firstIttr manth samas the ep|antions of ahwordis givn. 1 takoff : Itc2 inras sth pa of:g of:hf3 mv in thdirtion p-. quik| withyourfist: 4 bt ndrptdly quik|y, 5 mov making |oud, dpnois: quik|: s6 turnrund 7 mov f u anddown:

.Q
. )

er A

he right \^|ords
partof a 10 hoos th orret worda' b, , or d to omplt prsonaI statmnt. . in ,I hav in pursuing a|ws ben . on ndhv duation. withhiIdrn, | njo o mon xtra tim'mny spnt myfr holidas. bympnying hiIdrn on amping u to My hobbis andrading arhrs-riding going bn on I hv |so io thinm andthatr. rganisd to South mri. butn l m uto driv I am rativ |arning .o n l hv an nssry. I fl |m whn peop|. forwrking withoung a a a a a 1 a I a 9 a 10 a 1 2 3 4 5 6 rgardd b b rr doing b instnsb rning b in addition b xursionb alrdy b ho|d b ptitud b notid intrsted d onrnd job d post work d mking working partiiptlng d tims oasions opportunitis winning passing d taking d too al| sw|l ftr d xpedition xpIoration xprin atu|| urrnt|y d r|Iy d find kp hav d approv| ppran pp|ition

|t through. lftha|fwa 5 Thfilmwasso badthatpop| sing. wasn't raIl worth b rommndd a dvisd to mngd 6 hdirtor andsuspns. dnger b rt a dirt ws 7 rh p| a rranged of an tmosphr invnt

b Hnry from nv| Jams. prprd b adaptd

do||r a multi-milIion dirtor B hfmous fi|m. bIokbustr did a onstrutd b md formof ths with the orrt 7 omplt thessntnes xprssions. * an,t ot hrt hng hv it both ways* hv * hav it outwith goodmindto * hv * hv with no onntion h Evrst, wantd to limb|Vunt Dav 1 A|though mn th saidshou|dn,t whnSrh him. without businss Fiona turnd utt b bigdisppointmnt. Thhotel ls. a roomsomewhr to bok andStv to bu rndgoon mony nough Wdon'thv - oU ho|id -. thrstaurnt thsamnam, having 4 Dspit
th hot | . 5 | ar pr omol e 0. 8 h r b o s sa b o u twh s h h a d n ' tb n

Write th djetivform of ths words.

1 2 3 4 5 6

disappoint fft xpns powr sptal trrify

VisllI

Got,Gepts
Reading
Skimradthe textand find out whatexprimnts wre arrid out and whatthe rsults showd.

1 Answr thsquestions. paintings 1 Whih of ths do youIik bst andwhy? 2 Whodo outhinkpintd thm? pinting 3 Whih is: } a lmprssionist in st| b ubist in stI? 4 WouId othr works bythsm rtists if ourognis sw thm? ou

ik (/) four statments whihrflet the ontnt of the text. 1 |tis gnraIIy thought thtpigons arstupid. 2 Birds arVry disrning about wht that. pigons, 3 Sintists nassss int||ign b rwardin thmwithfood. 4 Pigons appr to b b| to rognis diffrnt rtisti sty|es. 5 Pigons ntII on|mprssionist rtist fromnothr provd 6 htst With studnts thtpigons ou|d b traind to do anything. probab|y hstudnts fai|d thtsts bus thy apprhd thmin diffrnt way. Pigons pprnt|y njoy pparing on TV.

Voahulary
Undrtanding
4 Findwordsor phrases in the tetwhihmn: ,l unintlIignt (pragrph 1) 2 tkor apt s bing tru(pragrph 1) prsuadd 3 siIy (pargraph or divd 1) 4 do bttr than(prgrph 2) 5 gnraI or bstrat id(prgrph ) 6 unab| (prgraph to mk dision ) (prgrph 7 diffiu|t 4) (prgrph 8 omptitors 4) (pragrph 9 shown 5) (pragrph 10 vry surprising 5)

:l lords ith similr mening words or 1_10 withtheorrt sntnes ... 5 mpIet

phrases in ahpair. takin / workout to th wht thnswr 1 lt tookmgs to qustlon ws. thtI findit hthr spks so quik|y shss. diffiult to vrything on for betwn t|lth diffrn / mistak anothr htwins Iook so similar thtmost oo| nyu pinting? |Vont nd Piasso

Art-loving pigeons are not so dumb after all!

1 Pigons ar not as daft as thy appar.In fat, thy ar so diserning that thy an tll a Piasso from a ont. For yars, w hav assumd that th floks at rafalgar Squal Wr not apabl of doing anything but waiting to sroung fod from gullibl tourists. But nw rsarh suggststhat thy ar probably iust rsting aftr taking in th art at th National Gallry. 2 Sintists in Japan hav shown that pigons an outprform alt studnts in tlling Piassos from Monts whil in Britain pigons hav batn univrsity studnts in a ra to work out whr food is hiddn. Th Japanes rsarhrs rpatdly showd pigons in individual ags 30 diffrnt paintings by Piasso and ont. Th piturs wr flashd up in th birds, ags on a stn blow whih was a full ontainr of sd. 3 Th birds rapidly larnd that if thy pkd at a Piasso, thy w rwardd With food whil Monts brought no rwad at all. Whn thy bgan to nioy nar-prft sors, th sintists thought this was baus th birds had prft mmoris. So thy showd thm nW, unsen Piassos and Monts and found th pigons wr abl to idntify th right artists again, showing thy had a visual onpt of styl. hy ould tll th diffrn btwn ont,s dappld light and vivid olours and Piasso,s surral angular flgurs. But whn work by artists who paintd in th sam Irnpressionist or ubist art styl w bought in, th birds bam onfusd _ just lik som art studnts. town pigons bat 200 univrsity students in a 4 In th British stud,v, ontst to work out whih of 60 olourd bar harts showed whr food was. Slids showing th rd olumns of varying hights on a white bakground wr projtd on to a wall. Th pigons, who had larnd arlir thy woutd gt th ight fod if thy pkd th right imags, got it right vry tim. only two studnts in 200 workd out that th food lay undr th graphs with th smallst olourd areas. The kindst eplanation is that th studnts wr sarhing for a mor ompliatd answr. Howv, th pigons no doubt fl that it's tim thi human rivals trid a littl bit hardr in

vivid/ surrl |ik rdnd waring o|ours I rI|y Iik orang. is so strang hwomn,s fin thatpainting thtit looks win / bt up? thWor|d 7 Didngland Vr to tmlwys sms 8 0ur IoaI bsb|l ItS opponnIs. ontst / ontext of a thmaning 9 Youn,t |was undrstand wordlromils_ thr wsso as 10 htnnis hmpin's vitor wsrl| no-

,,: al ::
t,.

:::
it,

il:

ta

a summarl triting

1l

to th qustions and writanswers 6 ln pairs,disuss form of th txt. summary :: 1 What hv t do in thfirst didthpigons m xpri nt? 2 What wrth rsults? ould thpigons notdo? 3 Wht t:r of? study onsist 4 Wht didth British 'i: wr 5 Wht the resu|ts? show? 6 Wht didthV progrmm

lr 'il

;:
lLi'

5 Th pigons, amazing brainpowr was rvald in a thr-part TV !: doumntary alld Animal Minds. Produr Paul Rddish said: ,Whn it oms to visual onpts, th brain of th art studnt and aal th pigon may b vry similar.' Th programm also arrivd at ths rathr startling onlusions: Itain monkys in th jungl suffr from th sam lvls of strssas offi workrs;bs tah ah !t thr not only whr to find food but whethr it is of a high quali .::, and most animals an show som motion. The F'Drss

futur.

and statmnts bouthumanbings Disuss thse with thm. animals. Saywhyou agror disagre Humans whontalk. rjustanima|s just . AnimaIs humans. hv f|ings Iik . Humans in thwildwhr |av animaIs shouId thyb|ong.

h i r d ondi tiona l
Qlikqiz
,l_3 athth bginnings to th ndings a_to the ruIs. omp|t nditin| to t|k bout ... 1 Wusthfirst onditionI to taIk about 2 Wusthsond ... + + wishs wiIh |lw wish 3 Whnxprssing Somon would ... whih is unlikeIy to happn. a somthing pronouns usthobjt I or w. b w nnot whih mayhppn in thefutur. somthing

with th orrt form of th vrb th sntne omplt questions 1 and2. in brakets. Thnanswer (not flot) through thwindow, lf pi of mould pniilIin. (not Flming disovr) thwindow? of mu|d flat through 1 Dida pi pniilIin asa onSqUn of this? 2 DidFIming disovr th ruIs about _dnd omp|t Lookat th xamp|s th thirdonditionI. a flerning tdsabervdnt.f4di,dn'tthrow fko plfr in tha bin. b lf Floming hdn,tboen obsorvnt,hg wuldhve. tkrawntho p|toin th bin, on thr p!te. Flaringnatied w&ofws hppening no Kaprtt. wIdnt tlve K*lttha plte lf he hdn,t d Ftraming on it" notiad wfisf wgs hpponing RuIs ,| Wusththirdondition| to t|k bout ththorti| in thpst. onsqUns of situations wou|d WUs If + -, 2 formththirdonditionaI hv / wouId,L th min|us. bfor or ftr 3 Wnputthf |aus W omm. Whn thf Iaus oms Us -, with th orrt form of th vrb omp|t th sntns in brakts. prt. 1 Jn Wnt to HIn,s Shmthrbofrind. party, (not (not go) IfJn t H|n,s sh mt) herboyfrind. workhrd. Hfild hismS. 2 Pet didn't (not (work) fail) his lf Pt hrdr, h Xams. goto bdrly. I didn't I gotup lat thismorning. (notgtup)so (go) ||f | to bdrlir, Iat thismorning. i\4ark thomptition. Hewon$100. ntrd (not (nt |\4rk win) if hntr) th $100 ptition. om hr|g. S|| wnt skiing |st wknd. Shbrok (not go) (nt brak) hr lg if sh S|i |ast wknd. skilng I didn't hav nough mony. I didn't bu nwjakt. (bu) (hv) mon, l nw |fnough jkt.

2 Rdthe txtand omp|te th tab|. Wht wsdisoverd? Whomadth disvry? Whn did he Iiv? Dt of disovry? in ']945u Wht hppnd

AlDENs

oF s!NE

Sir AlexanderFleming(r88t-r955) had a o[[ gu w h o u n t i lq u i t e reently workdat St. Mary Hosp i t al L , ondon. A o rd i n g to this ol l e aguet,h e di s o v e ry of peni i [[iw n ou[dn ve rh a v e happe ne d i f one day i n t9 z 8 a p i e o f m o u t dh a d n ot fto atd in thro ugh an op n w i n d o w( p o s s i b ty f r o mth p u b o p po site) and la nd e don a pl at eof g l a s sFl e m i n g wa s u s i n gi n a n experiment.Th platewas overdwith a powerfulbatrium alIedstop hyloous. A less observant sintistmight havethrownit straightin th bi n, bu t F t e mi ng n o ti d th e r ewe ren o b a te r i a n arthe gree nmou[d. l n t e s t s ,h e d i s o v e r e d th a tt h e m o u l da lso kitted other bateria, yet it outdb givento anima[s with no obvious side effets. he disovery, whih beameknownas peniittin, w as t he fi r stan t i bi ot i a , n d wa s a b [ to o m b a ta h u gnumber of fat[bateriaI diseases.Finalty, in t945,Flemingand two othrsientists shareda Nobtprizefor the disoverv that Was to sVemitlions of lives.

Wishesand rgrets
_d. 1_4to sntens 6 what did thsy?Mthpitures and regrets. th rulsboutwishs hnomplet

Lt's ativate
lhatif ...?
groups. 8 workin smI| would lmagin whatth worId hvebnIikif thes hadn't happned. Useth things thirdonditionI. 1 thdisvry of fir 2 thdv|opmnt of |ngug th invntion of boats andtrins 4 thdv|opmnt of atomi nrgy 5 thbuiIding of towns nditis 6 thinvntion of thmirohip EampIe

..\

*r

lf fira hdn,t baan paoplo wouldn,t hva disovored'

been bte to ooKtheir met.. P. ft f rha hdn,tboon ble to ooK

#n . Xfo"'nf"""n!;X ,;:H:n;nil o" i,t'fi,l o'tr*";::iL!

I':;{:I,uIdiI !;r: ,,
about In pairs, wishs and regrts takturnsto xpress th foIlowing situations. butyou 1 Yur frinds invitd oUto goto th bh, go. didn't You,r bordl 2 YouWnt night, butouhad to part on Frid trribI tim. Yourrivd 3 Youmissd thbushm ftr thpart. |t ndyourprnts Wr n8r. go outthiswk. Your 4 Yourparnts didd ouou|dn't youto goto thinm bofrind/girIfrind hsskd butoun't80. job is r|| gota job. boring. 5 You|ft Your sho|and yourfrinds to hv 6 || Wnt to univrsity. hy sm intrsting Iivs. youspnt it aIl.Nowou 7 Youdidn't sv nmon, goon holiday. n't 8 Yousplitup withyourboyfrind/girIfrind.

IwishI hdsid.ys' nfidnt. I hdbnmor a |f on| hadn't bn Iwishthtraffi l hdn,t lftso |atl b |fon|y s bd. mor. I hdprtisd fi|d! |f on|v I wishI hadn't job. hdn't |f on|y |Vrk tkn this d I wishI hadn't mto mov to thisoffi! onvind Rules .l o makwishs Wuswh+ bout th past (not) + pstpartiipl. Wusif onl+ hd aboutth past 2 ota|kabutrgrts (not) + boutth wishs and rgrts Writsntns xpressing pastusingth ideas,l-6. in ourIif. nvr wonanything 1 Youhav forthtston |Vondy. hrdnough 2 Timdidn,t stud Frida night. abI to goto thpa|st YouWrn't gav yoU |otof homwork lastwknd. 4 hetahr to trvI abrod. hadthopportunit nvr 5 Youhav frind about withourbst 6 Youhadn rgumnt ra|| siIIy. somthing EmpI l wih l hd won omathing. lf onl l hd boen lucKier.

@D

iGood
,l

for

tle brit?

LookquikIy at th mapof ntraI London and tr to your books, memoris it. CIos thnseif you an answr you. th questions thtahr asks

Listening
2 oln:' Listn to prtof a radioprogramm about (.abbis'), London taxidrivrs nd omplet the nots. ] Nm of tst tkn: 2 What rsarh shows: drivrs in brin 3 Diffrn pait: 4 Typ inrasd: of mmor 5 What abbis rfmus for:-

3 Listn aginand answr th qustions. 1 Wht do Londn txidrivrs do s prt of thir trining? .rre 2 hspakr thtaxidrivrs alIs brd'. Why? Whodidthrsarhrs ompr thtxidrivrs to? 4 Wht do thbbis hv t do to pss th know|dg test?

Maguir, a Q),., vouar goingto harEIeanor rsarher, talkingboutth partof th brainwherwe (the rmember storth thingsw onsious|y she nd tik(/) th statmnts hippoampus). Listen (X)bsid thossh dosnot. maks and put a ross of n bout thepowr |rdv knw 1 Rsarhrs hippompus. nim|,s from n nima|'s is diffrnt hippompus 2 hhumn for mks Iif diffiu|t hippoampus 3 A dmagd res. ratU had |rgr whoknwmorp|as 4 axi drivrs hippoampus' popl to stud. i drivrs rdiffiuIt dnin nit hv bn study uId 6 This ln thwor|d. diffrnt usd twoomp|t|y hrsarhrs methods of tsting abbis. wilIing Wr mor tidrivrs prind testd. to spnd timbing
F -

Prssntinq {our information s 6J.lRadth onvrstion in th boxand mathth phrass in italis -: to th funtions supportlng n rgumnt b onluding an rgumnt introduing rgumnt ontrditor d inIroduing lopi supprting ouropinin Prsnting information is fr \ thtour upbringing reserh hsshown morimortnt thnourduation. B hiswouldpperto be trutrom m own rsarh. hnd,ldon't thinkwshou|d on theothr undrstimt thimortan of duation. a dirt l prsonoll in Iifis oftn fel thtour status rsu|t bakground. of ourdutionaI as A overll'it wouldseemtht bothareas imprtnt hthr.

,ft

'*.

ilr

1"

Pronuniation
iilant latta
5 ro6J' Ittrs whihar Somof th wordsin ]_7 ontain (si|nt whihyou irI th |ttrs ltters). not pronouned henIistn and hk thinkarsiInt. vouranswrs. mpl Kind @no nowtadge wrong worrid 1 writ Wn whih 2 whn r hou nonsI 3 hous sign l sign 4 ignor tril rui l 5 r | l sra m sin 6 onsious guilt buIlt 7 built

&ivingYourPrsnttion

(thre usingthe 9 Giva prsentation to four minutes) pln in 7' Usthe presentation to h|p out|in hekIist you. Prsnttion hk| ist Stik Thiswi|| to thrganistion f yoUrprsntation. youto prsnt h|p |arl. ourids Prsnt This wiII show tht mor thnonpoint of viw. yourinformtion is noton-sidd. Usfts arbsd This wiII show or sttistis. ouridas on evidne, notimgination. . spk yourgrammar, Inorrt |rl ndwath grammr of our anintrfr With thommuniation mssg. ,!CI

Speaking
a preentation rainstoming
topi. prpar on the foIIowing 6 In groups, a prsentation you wi||nedfor whatkind of information Brinstorm your prsnttion and wheryou mightfind it. hink you ou|dta|k kindsof dution aboutth diffrnt thwordupbringing. about, and howou mightintrpret dution or to b morimportant: Whih do youonsidr upbringing? 7 tn thesmgroups' for your didwhatinformation you mightput undr presenttion thsehadings. . Intrduing yourprsnltion .dution' . Argumnts thro| of foror ginst .upbringing' . Argumnts of forr ginst thro| . on|usions

aboutIour Prasntation Anering quetions

qustions you ar bingaskdth fo||owing lmagine thm? aboutyour presntation, howwouldyou answr . Whydid youhos thistpi? o Howhv youformd yuropinions? . Whih - hrd givs abiIit? rsu|ts workor nturaI bettr . ls it possib| bility by f ntura| to ovrom a |k hrdwork? . Wht - hivmnt or hrd b rwrdd mor shou|d work?

Adetti

ttitudes

thsqustions. ln pairs'disuss . Whih popu|ar subjts arth mst in our shool lss? . Whih do youfindth mostdiffiu|t/th asist? subjts .

whv?

do youdo bttr in whnyoutke Whih subjts xa mi nations?

the sampl Stdying

the ts Undsretanding
lgnor the qustions. th gaps. 2 Radthe textnd answr rport r n argumnt? 1 |sthtXt rsarh or persona| xprins? 2 Dos thetxtdsrib formal or informa|? 3 |sthtxt

Usinghadings

,l-5. - to paragraphs Mthhdings in sin n intrst a nourging to whih pper attrat studnts b Jobs to thfindings of thsurvy Rations whihintrst studnts d Subjts hdto say What studnts

sondaryshol studnts Last wk, a survy of 1',26 was ondutd by th National SpaSinCntr in Listr.Four out of five thotlght sin at shool was ritiisd th way thy had bn taught boring, ad 90o/o i 74 wantd to tak up a arI s sin.nl onestudet in sin.

th orrt xpIntion for th Santh txtand hoos words in bold. 'l thr t a|| this(|in 7) wasa twist on|usion b hiddn mning a n unXptd of (|ine 1) 2 widrang ombintion b grt varit of a n unUsU| (|in in thir 14) ngativ ton 3 rather non-xistnt b s|ightly riti| aImost (|i n 15) 4 deadboring (informa|) a xtrm|y b sIightl (|ine21*2\ surprisd' 5 not in th |ast b notat all a just |itt| b wasrr|y

Stpsto bettr writing

and informtion Prntingstatistis
with suitabI words. the sentenes 6 CompIt wasin 2'000 studnts 1 A survy r. L|ste 12 wasintrstd 2 On|y onstudnt taking sin s a arr. prssd n intrst twthirds of thIass 3 Ovr ,1 mor 5% whoWre rt,omprd histor. attrtd of tnsaidthy thought 4 Fiv studnts gogrph wasintrsting. whwr in th th studnts 5 20o/o produd ngativ ommnts. survey rathr rintrestd in spe thtmost studnts 6 |ttrV|. is thonI sin thatbio|og 7 hsUrvy subjt anintrst. sidthatsin ws studnts B qurtr boring. wu|d b usfu|. thatsin 9 Thminrity hadbn susptd. 10 Thrsu|ts-what

to be (|in 31) 6 s it tnded a wasoftn

in itaIis in th txtto th Mathth statistis xprssions a_ bIow. a more...thn b a majrity twothirds near| d most vryfw

Howv thr was a twist to all this: whn askd abut thir ambitions, 4o/osaid thy would lik to b astlonauts, 2o/ofootballes, Some 650lowantd to s som form of spa sin introdud into th lassroom.

Writingabout data
Undsrstandirrg the tasK
You r goingto arrout Iss to find out wht surve kind of jobsstudnts wuIdIiketo do whenthy leav shooI, thnwriteaboutyourfindings. * ln groups, youwi|Ind, brainstorm whatinformtion qustionnair thndesign a to find the informtion. You wiIIndspa for bothqustions nd rsu|ts. Useth ideas fromeahgroup to dsign ourfinaIqustionnair' * t& a

h studntswho wr qustiondin th survy produd a wid rang of ommnts, som rathr ngativin thir ton. xampls inlud: ,Th xprimntsar good but th rst is dad boring'; .I don,t mind xprimntsbut I hat rording rsults., owv1 on ommnt Wasmuh mor nouraging:.I Want to b an astronaut,So I nd to gt all th knowldg I an busastlonautsmust hav lots of
:: qualifiations., 4

Rsarhrs at th Spantr Wrnot in th last surprisdby th flndings. Thy onfirmd what had bn susptd for a long tim _ that astronomy,spa,and th origin of th univrs ar th most important -. subjetswhn it oms to attratingyoung popl into sinand maintaining thir intrSt. ( It smsthat a passion for sinan b maintaind by nthusiastitahrswho highlight th rlvanof th subjtin a modrn world and who an overomth :; ida that sinis rprsntd by whit-oatd aadmis,as it tndd to b in th past. Gurdin Edutio

" Rord yourfindings by asking studnts to risthir qustions hands whnthsurvey arskd, thn |uIat th prntages of students for ahqustion. ,g AskindividuaI students for sompersonaI omments. Mak notof thm.

Planning
planyourrport. In the samgroups' ,l yourrport Did howmanypragrphs wilIhv 2 Did what to inlud in hpragrph. 3 Did whih studnt ommnts to inlud in our rport. ryto hoos at lst kinds of twodiffrnt ommnts.

\ttriting
xltlittitlgt

Usingth passiv
? Snth textnd undr|in six exampls of th passive. Whttenss ar th pssiv vrbsin? Whyis the passiv suitbl for rport of thiskind? in the pssive. & Rwrit thssntns Usth given. bginnings 1 Pop| rrid oUt sUrV. A survy ..' hadgrt| motivatd studnts. nthusiasti thrs Studnts ... pubIish of thsurv nxt wk hy wiII thfindings Thfindings ... to tkmorintrst ln Wnnourag studnts subjts. Studnts ... sintifi is boring. Sin ... 5 PopI oftn ssin wsdiffiuIt. ... 6 Pop| oftn thought sien Sin , "

Prsenting dat prsnting Asw|I s dta, trto draw sm onlusions fromyourfindings. (200_250 writour intrprtation words). Prsnt yursttistis |rl nd Iogi|| . Show ngtiv andpositiv attituds. . Suggsted n ovra|| on|usion.

LhoYing
hk thatyou hav: . in|udd prsonal som ommnts. mntiond yourrtion(s) to thfindings. o giv stions hdings. . writtn (200-250 th right amount words).

Third onditional
1 (ompIt th sentens with the orrt form of th vrb in brkets. yuwrin twn|st (know) 1 lf w wknd, w (invit) youto dinnr. (pss) |f l my driving tst|st wk, I (buy) sond-hnd r. (u/do) Wht (sk) youto mrry if Bi|| him strd? (notbrak |f the ar (ntb down), W|at) for ourppointmnt lastFridy. (giv) youSm's phonnumbr lif you(ask) m- butoudidn't. 2 Rewrit sntens 1_6usingth third ondition]. go 1 Mri didn't on hoIidy bus shdidn't hav nough mony. |f Mria ... 2 Wdidn'tseth onert beus w didn,t booktikts in advn. |fw ... 3 hpo|i didn't th ththifs he didn,t got ji|.

ltlishs nd rgrts
4 Rewritsntnes 1_8 usingt utish or lf onl. 1 Brvn Was sorrv thathe leftshoo| at 16. Bran wishs ... gtthjb. 2 lt'sunfortunat thtBndidn,t |fon| ... 3 Unfortunat|y inbrok hr|g whnshwasskiing Tinawishs ... 4 l f| awfuI aboutforgtting Pm,s birthdy. I wish... 5 I rgrt nottrveIling youngr. broad whnI Ws lf onl... lt'sa sham goto thmountins thtWouIdn't Iast wknd. Wwish... 7 N,{rtin missd th busndwsIt frshooI Mrtin wishs... 8 Jnny forgot to lokthdoorof hrflt. Ifonl...

r f. . .

4 | wasb| to wth thfiImbus l foundmy gIsss.

r f. . .

5 Mtt didn,t buythrbeus it wastoxpnsiv. l\4att ... 6 hyhadn idnt bus thy wrn't driving arfu IIv.

r f. . .

3 CompIt sntns 1_7usingthe prompts and th modaI verb in brakets. yourprob|m,he 1 |fyouhdtoIdMtt bout l offer l (might) hlp. 2 he (might) / ath / thtrinif thhdgtup r|ir. (wou|d) 3 |f ou hdinvitd to th party, sh/ om. Jss yourexam, 4 lf youwnted to pass mor' ou/ rvis (should) 5 lf thydidn't wantto miss thshothey rlir. l arriv (ought t) 6 hth|te if he hadn't iniurd lwin lthe r himsIf. (ou Id) p|yer 7 |are vio|in if shhdn,t givn lbe l a good it up. (ou ld)

Reading
it with th orret form 5 Firstreadth txtand mplt hndidif th statemnts of the vrbsin brkts, (F). bIow ar true () or faIs (know) th If Admiral Shovll , position of his ship in \7o7 , h, b) shipwrkd. But in th ightnth ntury, it was vry diffiult to work out longitud (ast/wst position) at sa.

(not

Aftr Admiral Shovll,s shipwrk, a sum of mony was offrd for anyon wh ould solv th problm of longitud. An important astronom Nvil asklyn, was th judg. A master arpntr, John Harrison, had th ida of using tim to masur longitud. If a lok was st to London tim, sailors ould work out how far ast or wst thy wr from London by alulating thir tim from th sun. (not b) an astronomr, If th judg ... (not rfus) to bliv th h problm ould b solvd with a lok. (b) a walthy, duatd .'(tak) him mor man, Masklyn sriously. Although Harrison,s lok provd aurat on many voyags, asklyn always found rasons not to pay him th priz mony. Finally, aftr h had bn woking on th problm of longitud for fifty yars, Harrison (not ask) appald to th King. I h u (nvr gt) th th King for hlp, h priz mony. h ou|dn't wasshipwrkd beus Admir| Shovell lulat longitud. ndd to know workd outthtsi|rs Johnarrisn in rdr to a|u|t thirposition thtimein Lndon
S a .

Itrriting
6 Writboutanothr sientifi disovry. Usethse questions to h|pyou. . Wht prob|ms wr thsintist(s) trying to so|v? . Wht diffiu|tis did thsintist(s) hvin gtting rognition forthirwork? Howdid th finIly sud? . Wht wou|d hppnd hadnot hv if thdisovr bnrgnisd?

If Harrisn .'-

Listenig
7 C6J.s You r goingto hara disussion on mmory. First,rdthrough statmnts 1-4. Thnlistnand hoose the bstoption, a, b, , or d. 1 hbst wto rmmbr is |ist of things to prtis rmmbring. b to |rn som thniqus' to d nothing. d to rpat theIist mny tims. 2 Wrking memor is good for rmmbring a |tof things in grat dti|. b fwthings fora short tim. |tof things ovr priod f time. d fwthings on regu|r bsis. .|brtiv enoding, is wayof a rmmbring |ong Iist of things. b improving mmor. urworking moving things intoyourlong trmmmory d rmmbring a story' Pop|e usstoris to a h|p thmrmmbr randm itms. b xp|ain thonntion betwn itms. amUs thmslvs. d rmmbr thrdr of thplants.

f Msk|yn didn't tkthprob|em Thstronomr nough. lngitud srious| pyHrrison bus his|ok ouldn't |\4sk|n good didn't kp tim. nvr rivd th rwrd' Hrrison

tr9

lordbuilding
ompIte th tablwith th orrt form of the wrds. Us ditionary to heIpyou if nessary. vrb noun adjtive 1 X int||ign 2 to think thughtfu I 3 to mmris 4 know|dgab| 5 I m a g I n |o n 6 to inform onntratd B onfusing

4 Answer thsequstions. 1 Whn wsth |ast timyouhd|o tk bksomthing yusid? 2 Doou |iketking on eIra rsponsibilitis t shoo|? grmmr DooufindEnglish s to tk in? 4 Whodo outk ftr mostin ourfami|?

?rpositiona
preposition. 5 Comp|t thssntns with th orrt * t * for * from * 6f * {6 * 1yi{fi 1 lf thepigns hos thorrt ansWr, theywr rwardd food. 2 Thmount timthxprimnt tokws Iongr thanptd. 3 Rsrhrs |ookd || thvidn. thnam to onIusion. Mih|| wassuffring trrib| hdah Sh'd spnt hours in front of hromputr. IttookDni| |ons timto workout soIutin thprob|m Domini 0,Brin isfmous hi sphenomn| mmory.

(ompIt thssentens with th rrt form of suitab|e wordfromth tabIein 1. 1 hexprimnt smd to showthatpigons Wr mor thnrtstudnts whnit m to art 2 anouturnthradio off?l'mfinding it diffiUIt youver 3 Hav trid a 2O-digit numbr? 4 |\4rk is Vry bout omputrs' H he|pd m fix m P. Itwas_ of uto buyHathr birthday prsnt. Younda |oto{ to writ gooddvntur story. 7 Your dirtions frfinding th hotI Wer Vr,
I got lost. 8 h bookon h o w t o i m p r o v y o u r m m o r yW sVr

Words that go togthr

6 hoos the orrt wordor phras to omplete th sntens. .l thjob offer. |tws go|den for Joptd him. a nn b pportunity fortun a fortun wsn't importnt to thsintist. All h wntd wasrgnition forhiswork. a Doing b rting N4king hompany sUrV on thpopu|rity of sin subjts. a rrid n b arrid off rrld ut 4 ls thr onntion a goodmmry nd i ntl Iign? btwn b aross with pniiIlin 5 AIxandr F|ming disovrd
a|0n a0

Thr ws |otof oratiI dvi

Phrael verbs wi!,h tKa

3 Mathth phrsal vrbsin italis to thir menings a_f. .l Sufoundit as to tkin whtththr wssying Shewsvrygoodt mths. 2 Rhel tookto im immditIv. hv hadthsm hobbis ndintrsts. 7osidGarth wsus|ess at hoky. Shhadto tk bkherwords whnh sord go|. 4 Whnh missd thfootb|| mth, aIttook it outon hisgirlfrind. lt washrfu|t thy arrivd |t. Lukwsknt tk on morworknd rnhis promotion. goodt sins. Lisis ra||y Shtkes t'tr her father a b d T dmit ouarWrong |ook |ik or bhav a mmbr of yourfmi|y takrsponsibiIity forsomthing bhav bd|y towrds somon bus oUrupst Iiksmthi ng/somon undrstand somthing

b for

wtth

Whn shwasin F|orida, Fion thopportunit to visit th Knndy Spa ntr. a gV b won hd 7 Rsrhrs intrviwd bfor thy wrot thirrporl'. a |arg b wid rng of studnts width

VsteTfodern
orrt the or fls(F). ar true() Radth txtand didif thssttemnts faIs statments. sttion. nt to powr |Vodrn hsbnbui|t 1 t N/odrn. t te stles kinds of artisti s many diffrnt 2 Youn g||r notBritish. Wr of thnw 3 hrhitets hms. thrivr fas t thg||r 4 hminntran f stirs. up flight bwaIking thgal|ris ntr 5 Visitors th Thms. gIss ovr|oking has sids Th building 6 tim. viwat thsam youanhv a malanda wondrful N4odrn 7 At Tt youwi|| thg|lry to visit b ab| if ouworkfu||-tim, 8 vn in mind. withthdisb|d is dsignd 9 ThbuiIding fforadu|ts. is an ntrn 10 Thr of th kindof art Thisis a piture ln thatteMdernftndisplas. groups, whatyou disuss smaIl thinkof art Iikthis.

!\

t.

in the art.lt is housed of modern museum newnational is Britain,s TtetrAodern gallery

iffi :ffi;";.

modernand .ot.tion of international *",i f;;;;;;'i" ;.,,hy;; ko d il.;".;; ;i.asso, oti,Roth pora ontem ry a' i nrii' ; ;;;; *o'n;o as well s otherontemporary Warhol' Morn y swiss Bankside Power Sttion was .transform into ate of the building tength whole the att' e rormeriurin arhitets. 'ulllnY gallery.From the to entrne paraller to the ,i".,, no* iorms a reath11ins af, two floors.featuring. through here,visitor. ,," ,* up y esalator is a buildins the At thetopof il il,i"" i.u"r, of gaueries. ;;;; ;;;;;iil.ir. the into light. gtssi wi noi onty provides new two.storey .natural outstanding afoffering a stunning houses atso but floor, tp i ;;.i"il; "i

;;;; ;;;;

The Thmes. oftheRiver ;;;; banks

py.b..|j"g-liiT::j broad ",il:;..l,":',li",'il ofspeiat exhibitionsnd.a

on is [soopen..lte it'. y;"r. telvlode.rn 1nd -11dav time exellent is an it near, draw "u"ii,_.,ousout summernights .'i. evenings, Sturday intheshop. browse talkorsimply ;;i; ; gllery ;;;;;il;;i;iii;., "nj,
Fitities . Groups apted . duationaI visits failities Disabted . Whelhair aess . Hearing impaird . Visualt imaird . Guid dogsWetom . Disabled toitts
rE9tffiiA .

Talkingaboutyour ountry
questions ,:. Answer the following aboutyourountry. kindof rtg||ris 1 Wht you Iiv? xist wher rth? 2 HwpopuIr f kinds othr 3 What rthr? mUsUms harg? n ntry 4 |sther (How muhis it?) do outhink 5 Howimportnt it is to introdu oun8 popl to rtnduItur?

Love'ot,qJrersrr
1 Lookt th piturs and nswr th qustions. popl phtographs 1 htwo in ths rRmo nd What happns to thtwohrtrs in Julit. pIay? Shkspar's pop|? 2 Whd youthinkthiskindof str intrsts 3 Wht srifis wuId to bwiththonou oumk Iovd?
l

Lv.

llt lirl,t

II\I A

It had vrything a film studio oul] dram ol not only lan-ut hr nd an rtihroin, ut also lov arss th divid - in short, th story of a mdrn Romo and }ulit. wirs 25-yar-old Amrin m:irin, Liutnnt orpol alld json Jhnson' Sh was 19.yr-old Ara prinss lld Mrian. Whn thir ys mt i a owdd shopping mall in Bhrain, it was lov t first sight. Whn hr miiy disvrd th ourtsip, Mrian ws onfind to hr hom ut th romn ontinud y tlphon. Finlly, th oupl didd t fl nd mk thir livs togthr in th USA. It my sound lik a sript or a film ut this n is * mor o lss _ a t r u s t o r y . fason knw that US marins did not hv to sholv Passt to lav Bhrain s h forgd doumnts or N{rian so tht sh would apr to mmr of th marin orDs.

5 ,

uld thr diffrt ndings. Thy ould lir, hppily vr atr nd {ind out tht hr family srtly ,uppo...j ..' Or s ould snt ak nd h. h", io l.. ., go. ' ..,'."" indpnlnt Woman who raiiss that, although sh lovs Jason, nw that sh's in Amria sh wnts to ou" on. No mttr what th nding is. it.s still :l grat movi!'

sh is marrid to a US itizen. A ky figur in th lovrs. sroy is Tom olrt, th prsidnt l o m p ny r h r po m o t ss t o i sr ha t f i . , t , pp. ,..d in Ioa I nW s P pr s y pI e i ng t hm o n V nd in n iln l nW s pa P s r nd m ga zi ns . o l r t a r a ngd f o on t t . ary Al, to sign up th film rights to thir stry. .I fll in lov with thm,'sid Alo. .Thy ar an awsom ul. Thir story hs vrything. It,s thrillr nd th

dision ws mad s to whthr ,. *ould llo*d to s t :l yi n t h U S A . t h pr i n s sm r i d t h m er i . l son . h sn of mnt truk <lriv'd to mk sarifis t . to marr Mrian. was dmtd t t ank oPrivt "t. fr ringing n illgl immigrant into th ountry ut is still s v i ng a t hi s uni t . s a s i n nI i ni . wh r t h ou p l n ow l i v . hni l l . r i n ul d s r i l l dpo r t d.v n t h ou g h

rian ws kittt] out in sloppy, "ggy Amrin .loth,. S h hi L l hr l o ng hr i undr N w Y ur k Y nk s s lI a p nr l t o gt hh y r dd a H i ght t o C hi ag o. Aftr ig rlasd y th immigration ,.*i.whil a

',t

]:::

.t::

Rading
to 2 Skimreadth textand find out whyth storyrefrs Romeo andJuliet. a' b' , or d, to the bstanswr' 3 Santh txtand hoos .l_6. qustions ,l Wht to in |in 1? thwordit refr dos a thfi|mstudio marin orps b thmrian stor thoup|'s Romo ndJulit d the p|a in |v whnthy fII 2 Jason and |\4rian togethr. a Wr studing togthr. working on a fi|m b wr Romo ndJulit. to sth p|a Went p|a. h other in busy d notid to flt th USA? manag 3 Howdid Mrian vis. hdan Amrin Sh|rd paprs proving asn shwassrving b Shrrid Amrian marin. tm. of bsb|| to b mmbr Shrtndd mor hr |ok to mak d Shhadhrhirutshort Amerin. in arrivd immdit|y aftr thoupIe hppnd 4 What higo? bthimmigration authoritis. wasdtind a |\4rin gtting wr fmi| thy toldjson's b houp| ngag0. fromthUSmrins. wasdishrgd Json got jobs a emnt truk drivr. d Jason ds TomoIbert d fora Iiving? 5 What nWspapr. for a IoaI Hworks b H runshisownompn. a V omanv. Howns produes of pIs. fi|madapttions d H wuId mak a grt A|o thinkthstory 6 WhydosMary movl? ndings. hsthr diffrnt a hstory Woman. is n indpndnt b hminhrtr possibiIitis. offrs mnyintrsting hstor thri||er. Amrian is similr to a sussfuI d hstor th whataspts of dividdloyalties disuss 4 ln groups, wilIend. up,nd howyouthinkthe story textbrings

Voabulary
Lovs nd romang fromth txt whatthswordsnd phrss 5 ExpIin mn.Usa ditionary if nessry. 'l Iov aross thdivid 2 Iov at firstsight 3 ou rtshi 4 roman 5 f|| in lov with 6 Iiv happiIy ftr vr

6fi .*

Ua of mKa
a_. 6 Mthth usesof mak1_5to th xpIanations 1 maksarifis a gotowards 2 mk b |augh at sombody for 3 mak smbod do do rgu|arl to do 4 mk fun of d for smbody 5 mak e giv onthingup for habit of anothr form of on of with the orrt 7 ompIet th sntnes you do th phrases withmkefrom 6. Thereis on phrase not nd. th 1 Whn |nded, thpassngrs th p|n passport ontroI offi . to gtWhat 2 It is oftnnssary to -to b b| yuwntin Iif. to b sriusl 3 Dn't d. H,s tring hisbst Wspnding 4 Whn Wr thhi|drn oUngr, in thmountins. our holidays

Maulino and fsmining noun6

withth masuIin andfminine th tab|e 8 ompIt quivIents of thsnouns. nouns MasuIin Feminin nouns pri 1 nss 2 nro 3 son-in-|w 4 n|
f

Ior

6
a

qun lion bull

pointsof viw is Iosst to what Whihof theseonfliting you think?Why? . Fmi| in Iif. i'mportant things tisarthmost . A prson's jobor duation pIays ro| morimportnt in thirlifthnprsonI r|ationships.

I
Reportdspeeh
QliI<quiz
1 Answer thesqustions. typs of rportd 1 Howmany sph arthr? you 2 Wht hangs do nd to mak whn turning sph intorportd sph? dirt

I
I
I I l

etatmnte Roporting
Radth nwspapr utting nd then 3 Johnis a r.enator. ,I_6. and rporthis statements Usth vrbsin brakts hangs. mkean nessary

,,1
&l
]

2 hispiture shows th r-natmnt of a famous historiaI Whydo you think popI batt|. enjoytking part in vents Iikthis?
*

battls from th R-enatmnts of famous on rAmerian ivil Wa ar frqunt. Sho btwn enatment of th battle of Mul took pla 1864 th South and th North in 7,000 r-nators ovr thr days and attlated and 20,000 Sptators. *'**
*q***g*,#***-

t. ; 1 ; i

mple .Ys, (admit) th btt| today doslookfir., dahn dmittod tht tho bttlo tht da looKedfiere. .Th whnit wassti|| mist.' 1 battI strtd thismorning (t||) .You partof thiswknd,s is on| 2 s, th r-enatmnt (xpIi n) ntrtai nmnt.' .I - s, pIaying I do.'(dmit) 3 takmy ro| sriousl .vryon whowas 4 hooss to be a historia| hratr (say) simiIar in gor bakground., .W wuld nvr, nd I mnnver, hang th 5 (insist) w hav hrtr hosn., whn w hdt 6 tuI|, W'r rmmbring thds (mak it |ar) fight fora aus.'

verb$uith .i9 Bporting

4 Lookat the eampIs nd the ru|. henreport th vrbfromth Iist. statements usinga suitabIe ,Let,e a go to the inoma,,id Lu. Lu suggested going to the inom. .You b told r m sera|!,{enn sid to Peler. {onn ocused Petor of telling rK her eret. Rule w usa gerund. Aftr rtin reporting vrbs Som of th most ommon vrbs r: (somon) of dny insist on rommnd aUs suggest .I yourD,'/ my brothr. didn,t borrow .W mUst i-rm,'/ Bil|. bsoIut|y trythehooIat .You Diaprio,s nwfi|m,' shouId sLonardo / Sy|vi. .You tookmjakt to thprtl'Simon / to hissistr. .Wh in th park?'/ don't w p|y footba|| Jim.

1 2 3 4 5

Rportingordrs and equot

5 Lookat the xmpls nd answr the questions. .on,t m9 n! noiso,,id rlnto u*. a man told us not to mKoanY noi69. b ha rwnsitting nal to ma turned ta u nd *id, .lpsg bo quiot," Tha mn *itting nat to rnr'asKBd us t be truiot. ,l Whih vrbdo Wusto rport ordrs? 2 Whih vrbdo Wusto rport rqusts? whn w rport ordrs nd 3 Wht hngs do w mk ro usts? ngtiv ordrs nd rqusts? 4 Howdo w rport 6 Mththsvrbsto sentns 1_5.Thnrewrit th sntns in reportd speeh' with t|| Urg ask rdr p|ad ,l .Don't fu||,'th mothr sidto hr tIk withyourmouth son. oUng .Sty saidto throbbr. 2 whr th poIimn our!' .Plas, p|as' |tm om withyou,'Jami saidt his 3 o|dr brothr. .Plas notputyourfton thseats,,th busdrivr 4 do sidto th pssngrs. ,I youto thinkarfu||y bfor 5 strng|y dvis ouapt job,'th sidto thstudnts. a arrs advisr

lndirotquo6tion6 r^rithout hange heno

9 Lokat th xampIes 1_3. hn a and b andth ruIs questions givn. rwrit 1-6 bginning withthewords a ls it timfor thintrv|? Doou knowif it'stim t'orthintrvl? b Whttimdosthebttle strt? Doou knowwhttimthbttl strts? Ruls qustions, 1 Whn w skindirt w do notusinvrsion. qustion 2 Wuswhethr, n wordt introdu or a /, indirt ustion. qustion qustion, 3 Whn or thindirt fo||ows a diret question, impIid do not lwondr,or Doouknow,w nd to hang thtns. 1 Arth r.ntrs md? lwondr... gthurt? 2 Dos nbod vr Doyouknow... 3 Whn dos thr-ntmnt finish? I wantto know 4 What d lIths r-ntors do for |ivins? I,d likto findout ... youombk yar? 5 Wi|| nt forth r-natmnt Hav vounvid... youbn prtin thbatt|? 6 Howlonghv taking T|l m ...

h |. .l

quotion6 Bepoting
7 Lookat th amp|s andnswer th qustions. a Tha ropartor sod wht timo tho ro-enctmontwas going t strt. lf Fbort Loo we a Confdarte b omeone"asKad or Fpderl &onorl. 1 Wht wr thdirt ustions? thtwoqustions? 2 What is thdiffrn btwen qustions? whn w rprt hngs do we mk 3 Wht .l_4 8 Mathth dirtqustions to th answrs _d.hen, questions vrbs blow. rport nd nswers using th the ansWr sk nquir rspond s t|l want to know wndr 1 2 3 4 a b d to thiviI War? Whr is thmusum dvotd Wht mks thmUsUm siaI? Wr? HowmanyIivs wr|st in thiviI in th thms|vs What didthso|dirs do to mus wintr? thnoIogy. Ituss th |atst intrtiv t Pmplin PrknrPtrsburg. 620,000. hy hadsnowbaII batt|s.

Lt's ativat
10 o6Jlo.lYou are goingto harpartof a Iivradio programm Listn and abouta ivilWarr-natment. maknotsunderthesheadings. 1 Whr is th rsntr 2 Whyh is thr 3 hwathr today 4 hsn t fivthismorning 5 Thappran of th r-ntors

11 ln pairs,rportwhatth prsntr sid.Useth sntn you. openers to help Hsaid/xpIained that... (not) Htold/skdi urgd th |istnrs to ... Hwondrd/wantd to know... 12 whatdid yourpartnr say? Ifyouwrr-enting in yoUr oUntr's n important vnt I| histor, whatvent wouId Why? our ouhoos? prtnr, of th rport wht whowiIIthen ousaidto th rst
|sS.

E*,

iOptingtortt
questions. ln groups, disuss these 1 Ifyououldlivnywhr youwantd in yourountry, youhoos? whr wou|d Why? 2 HowdiffiuIt do youthinkit would bto mov away fromthkindof Iif nw? Whv? vouhv

talkingabout Q'o., You ar goingto harsix spakers howthyturndthir baks on their IifstyIes to do somthing ompltly diffrent. Listen nd maththe speakrs, 1_6to th statmnts a_g.on statemnt is not madeby n spker. Spakr 1 Spakr 4 Spakr 2 Spkr 5 Spkr 3 Spakr 6 a b d e f g I wassurprisd by m ownsUss. I f|t iso|atd bus of myta|nt. I mad suddn dision to hang m lifsty|. I rgrt making thdision to hang my Iifstyl. I havmadsarifis to hang m |ifst|. I hd |ittl troubl withth lo|s. I p|annd myhng in Iifst| rfulIy.

Listning
2 Lookt the pitures. Whatkind of lifsty|s do you think thsepopllad?

ldioms
4 Listn again and omp|t the idioms 1_13. Spekr 1 I wasgtting a bit1 withitlif, and|'djust .withmygirlfrind. I md dision. Speaker 2 I wasgtting'-with grind th56get w'dsoon trve||ing. of it.

Spaker 3 , thndof itsntura| Iif. -fr Thy thought it would thtonof thr. Spakr 4 Itturnd utthtI had ,Spakr 5 Thy thought tht|,d 'o12 It,s hard wor. Spakr 6 .,I didd it Wsn't for|wning around my..

thffort.

5 ExpIin the maning of the idioms 1_1in 4.

Pronuniation
Voul 6ound' irl 6 ro6fo. th wordsin hgroup thatontin th samevowI sound. hnlistnand hkyouranswers. 1 area t rn 2 door soon r00m gral 3 hd sid 4 |o k pool book 5 Wor fark talk hg hg fw plain / pI an p| n 8 first hurt worth

Speaking
7 Mathfuntions 1-6 to sntn opners a_f. 1 askforinformation 2 rfus to do somthing yourpinion 3 justif 4 mk suggstion 5 prsud sombod 6 wrnsmbdy a I know notkn on thida, but, ounvr ou'r know, njoy... oumight b l'm sorry butI r|| don't wnt to ... goodidbaus hthing is thtit's(not)a ... d Just b rfu| baus ... (doing) Hwabout ...? f anyut|| me...?

5 Soundbites Mmo11 -+

9 66J'o.nListnto songfrom th musialts and numbr thvrses in th ordrin whihthypper in th song. ouh m! |t'sso sy to lv m || |on with mmory 0f mydys in thsun |foutouh m You,lI undrstnd whthappinss is Look' a nwdhasbgun DyIight I muslwitforthsunris I must thinkof a nw|if givin And I mustn't When thdwn oms onight wi|| b mmory too And nwdwiII bgin Burnt outnds of smok days Thst| oId sm|| of mrning A strt |amp dis Anothr night is ovr Anothr dyis dwning Mmory A|l|on in themonIight I nsmiI Iik th|dds I wasbeautifuI thnI rmmbr htimI knw whthppinss was Ltthmmor |iv gin

.#

Ftepla1
RolpIay yourskd Look rfu||y t what to do andtrto rmmbr howto do thisin nglish. Rmmbr, ou points p|y yur must inlud ||th in thro| ndshw yours|f abiIit to eprss in ng|ish. 8 In pairs, roIplathissituation. Takturns to pIay A and B. Usth sntne opners a_f in 7 to heIpou. Student A u speakfirst) Yourbst friend hsdidd notto goto univrsit |l. ftr . Findoutwhy. . Trto prsud him/hr to hng his/hr mind. Warn him/hr might thath/sh rgrt thisdision, giving rason. . Suggst an Itrnativ to going to univrsit. B Student Youhv didd notto goto univrsity ftr a||. Rspond Io yourparlnr. . xp|ain whyoudon't want to goto univrsit. . Exp|ain whyouwon't hang ourmind. . xp|in whyyoudon,t thinkyouwi|| rgrt thisdision. |l yourfrind wht think of his/hr Itrntiv to ou univrsity.

10 Answr the qustions. ,l What mmoris dos thsingr hv of herpst Iif? 2 Wht hsshdidd t do whendy|ight ms? Dyouthinkourmmoris ar of thpst piturs Urat of what our Iif wasIike? Why/Why not?

 o r fI i Gin gr in t e r ess
problem. ln groups, th folIowing disuss Whnyou have yourdisions finished, withthose ompr of anothr group. Imagin thatyour|iving on a butifu|, rmot isIand. ThpopuItion ndwe|th ardrsing rpidIy. ThonIy Way to nsur this|and's surviv| is to dev|op it frmss tourism. Arouforor ginst thida? Wh?

TOURtslvl sa nevil
i:Ll"*l j'. ff :ffil'#,'i:: H ;:T Hl?[ ;,ll i"' ,ff
manyrent setbaks to thetravl industr ::]P]," is xtremely popular nowadys. so'. puop.. l::Ii:T rgue thatit is nessary prtof ountrv,s oev.lopment, others laim thatit brings noihing out problms ndis of no realbnfit to Lo.ui puopr.. so howdesirble is it?

ountry withlimited wealth andfewnatural l..u,..,. ,t employment formanyloalpeople. Finatl 1.:::::].-: |tnourages peopl to travt to ountris theywould never previously havdremed of visiting. hisresutts in an t.nreasd undrstanding of eaho'.? .ui,ur.", whihin turnanledto bettr rlationsips eiween nations. 3 Neverth[ss, tourism hasits negtive sid.Firstl ritis argue thatanywelth ra1ed belongs to hosen fewandthatmstloalinhabitants gi Verytittte finanially fromit. Inddition, theuriaptal bhaviour of som better without peopl whohavno i.'..t forloal ustoms andtraditins. Lastty, onestrong argument against tourism is thatit dmigs thuun.ui,on'ent and should, therefore, be restritJor banneJ. 4 ln onlusion, tourism sms to be a ontroversil nd emotive issue. |tanbring walth unp.oliy].. rr as rat problems. Those involved in thindustry should tryto nsufe.tht its effts a.e psitive anatr'e dmage it auses is kptto a minimum.

presene',.,.',.,,.,l]ll''j:trhi [
.

t h e sa mpl S t u d yi n g
Undrstanding th ta
z Deid whihof th pointsa_f ar rguing for and whih ararguing gainst tourism. jobsforth |o| provids a ourism ommunity. b ourism dmgs thnvironmnt. of som tourists Thbhaviour is uneptabl to IoaI pop|. inrss thw|th d ourism of thinhabitnts of ntry. oU pop| h|ps ourism to undrstand onnothr bttr. f ourists do notrspt thustoms ndtrditions of popl. IoaI

' .. ]
ta

iilli::::::lX:tila:*;:;l;l*:::

abouttourism 3 owradth ssay and mathtopisa_d 1-4. to paragraphs rgumnts aginst tourism b n|usion fortourism Argumnls d hthinking bhind thssy titl

in thettwhihhavethsmmaning 4 Findwords s thosin 1_8. 1 diffiu|tis or prob|ms thtprvnt somthing progrssi ng 2 thstt of bing sussfu|, spil|y finni||y supplis thtnb usd to inrs we|th 4 thos whofindfu|t withsomthing 5 unw|om disturbn qu|itis 6 fling admirtion bus of good or h ivmnt 7 n importnt topi frdisussion or argumnt 8 rsults or oUtoms

r.E*'

Stepsto bttr writing

n rgumnt Prsanting
word.lf 1-8 with suitabIe sentenes 5 ompIt |ookat the ttgain. nessary' of ountry's is a nssary 1 ourism dv|opmnt. butprob|ms. brings trd 2 Thturist to |o| is of no r| industry 3 hetourist popl. of o-tourism. in to findargumnts 4 lt is as fr mnpop|. walth in inrasd ) Tourism r|tionships bttr an-to turism 6 GIobal nations. btwn too' hasitsngativ Tourism -, of tourists n invsion against I Onvrystrong is that... nK r^rordsand onooLior the txt. 6 Uswordsa_f to omplt a dsoit bso thisin turn d nvrth|ss e in on|usion as f aswl| proprty nbnfit dv|oprs pople Lo| 'pp| whr many ar thr fromtourism.,-, .thobvious to tourism. ppsd strongly som of tourism, gains fromthnourgemnt finni| is bing f| thattheirwof Iif IoaI inhabiiants o unfrind|y ppar somtimes dstroyd, -thy ,in anrsult to tourists. andunwloming brnd rstaurant tourists and loaI tensin btwn u-, rnot ratd bytourism the prob|ms ownrs. to so|v' as a|ways

Writingyour essay
Undrstanding tha ts
wordson th of 200-250 E You are goingto writn ssay eviIin m own is a nessary fo|Iowing topi..Tourism you agreor disagr ountry.' ln pairs'deidwhther withth sttmnt.

s
i *.

?lanning
9 ln th smpairs,maka Iistof threor four points against arguing for and threeor four pointsarguing your hinkabout: tourism in ountry. . whyoUr fromothr is spi| r diffrnt oUntry ntris. ou . whatyoUrountr hast offr tourists. . whatth ngativ mightb. of tourism ffts . whihpoints (about sixin totl). to inIud . whtordr in. to putourpoints .!0

\rlriting
Writyouressa. a points forndgainst. Inlud a .g. thtourist turism' Ways to dsrib Usediffrnt gIobal tourists. o-tourism, turism, trad/industr, th bhind ththinking xplaining Writ n introdution ssy tit|. pargraph. Writ on|uding

LhoYing
1"' hk thatyou hav: . prsntd |ar|y. argumnt oUr . writtn in formaI styl. . usd nd puntution. sp||ing thorrt . writtn (200-250 wrds). amount th right

Wodetht go togothar
in 1_8aresomtims the nounth djtivs 7 UnderIin whatthe wordombinations usedwith.hnexpIain man. ,1 wlom prosprity/stbak rih nss/waIth 2 |imitd possssio rs ns/rsoU 3 naturI ght ndi ng/thou undrst 4 an inrasd r ng/bhaviou ti 5 unaptab| rists nts/tou i nhabita I 6 loa win/gin / nan|aI rson/issu B an motiv

tatmnts Bporting
1 Report thsestatemnts usingth orrt form of the vrbin Beginth sntns with brkts. givn. the names 1 .l'mnotintrstd in romnti fiIms. l,dmuhrthr s (make it | Wstrn., |int ... .l night 2 stad up |st wathing (xp|ain) whl,mtird., V. ht's Mg... ,It's foryouto wa|k 3 to |t hom' l,Il tkyouin thr., (insist) Rn '.. .Ross miIy justspIit hv 4 and hd trrib| up.hy (tl|) rgu mnt., Moni ... .lf 5 I hdsnPtr I strd, (xplin) wouId hav toldou.' Din ...

Kportingquestioni
for 50 ars. who has benmrrid with PaulinFairhurst, 3 Rdth intrviw qustions ordr.l_6. a_f in th orret Put th prsntr's a Hwdid you mt? youbnliving Bi||? withurhusband, b Hwlonghv stright way? Anddid youfaIlin lv would it b? but him,what d |fyouou|d hng somthing Andwhtis ourdvi to nw|y-wds? has|astd so long? f Whydo yuthinkourmrriag
Presntr 1

ordaraand r&qusts Kopoting

2 Rwrite thesrportd ordrs s dirtspeeh. ,l hwitress skd m nott in thtreaof th smok rsta Urnt. p|dd withth 2 hshopliftr phone notto stor dttiv th poli. 3 hthr to|dusto sitdown ndpnourbooks t pg 67. wrdn to|dm notto 4 htrffi prkmrIhr. mto barful 5 Johnurgd tht whnI wnt|imbing wknd. 6 M parnts to|dmto b quit th bb wassleeping. bause

[or50yrs' Paulin WI|, w'v bnmrrid , Prsentr ht's a longtim! withmfrinds whnh Paulin At onrt in 1950. I wast a jazz|ub m fora dn. w|kd ovr andsked Prsentr h wsvryhndsm. lt wson|yaftr a fw Paulin N,aIthough l thought I wsin |ov. months thatI ra|isd Presnter hng nthing bout his PuIin W||' I'dlikhimto btidir, butI wouldn't prson |ity' Prsntr intrsts. W'v dn |ot Paulin I thinkit'sbus w'v |was hadshrd togthr. Prsntr givup whnyou havproblms. wknsss Apt hothr,s PuIine Don,t Rmmbr thatno on's orft!
l 6

4 Nowrportqustions a_f.

lndiretquo5tion6 ithout teneahanga

Usth wordsgivn. 5 Rwrite frmth intrview. thseotherquestions ,l of sussfuI mrria? Whtis th srt Iwondr... youVr disgrmnt? 2 Hav hada srius yout|lm .'. ould 3 Howdid you rslv it? I'dlikt know... 4 Do you hvanregrts? I wnt to know... nxt nnivrsry 5 HowwiIlyoulbrt r? urwedding Douknw'.. 6 Isit diffiuIt marrid forso Iong? bing u|d utlIme ...

Listening
6 b6J'o'u You r goingto har bout fiv popltaIking aimedt hildren. dvrtisements a_j. the statmnts Readthrough th two nd hoos ThnIisten that ehspaker sttments lttr mks. Writth appropriat in eahbox.hris an eampI at th bginning. important to noUrg a It's xris' to tk hiIdrn to b usd b hdsshouId promot food. h|th th mon don'tnd hestrs th ds. thyrnfrom how undrstand d Pop| don,t r. slt snaks unh|thy promt high-fat. shouIdn.t Strs highs|t snaks. should stars in prtiuIr f Sports rolmd|s. b psitiv g Thedsrfun. if uatrisps mattr h lt dosn,t things as as longsyouatother w ||. foodis mor i unha|thy thnlakf xris signifint ft. hiIdrn in mking j footbaIlers shouId edut fo. about hi|drn snd tirst sttment sttmnt L] Spakr1Angi Spkr2Bn ] Spkrro|in Spkr4Dvid Spakr5Iin

l{riting
in 1-5 nd didwhereit omsin the txtbeIow. 7 Lookt the informtin rportd speh to omplte th text. it in Thenrwrite .Bing andgo I usthundrgrund nb diffiuIt, butin London fmus 1 or outwhnl Wnt to.' t thesuprmrkt .I'm to hav fun,dn, hv good tim.' I want 2 oUr.}g, .l\4ditation partof my dy.' ndyogran ssntiaI 3 , of thirhrters.' thmtivtions ndmotions hdto f| 4 a|| atrs .l withth press.' hav so mnyprob|ms 5 d,t

GWYNEHPALROW, the daughter of the Iate diretor nd produer Brue Paltrow, was bornin LosAngeles on February 28,1972, Herfirsttsteof fmeamein 1995 fterhersmllpat in Seven,where she metBradpitt. However, it wsn,t until she starred in Shakespeare in Lov in 199B thatshe real|y beame fmous. She wonthe 0srfor BestAtressforthisro|end hasntIooked bksine. Sineshe began ating she has p|ayed widevariety of hraters with suess. ln hervlew|lators in order to |y themwel|. 'Hrmorereent fiIms in|ud Possessionand Stvia' P|trow is now |iving in London, whih is whereshe mether partner, Chris Mrtin, the Ieadsinger of the British pop groUpColdpta' She enjoysliving in London. She sidthat2 Wheres in London ,r'. find. 'igl,'t photographers few waiting outside a restaurant, in Ameria theremight be fivevnsand80 photgraphers following herround! She added tht . Paltrow hasfound wys -. of re|axing andombating the stresses of fiImstar,s lifesty|e. She explained thato. Whendisussing her future Pa|trow saidtht

ldim

.l_5to 1 Mathsenten(s the ommnts tht mavfolIow them_e. ,| Hvyou hrd? Greghsbrokn up with 1u|ie. 2 Tomwsld up withhisjob. 3 Robhs knk omputrs. for fixing prparing 4 Wspnt hours thpini, buIiil.wsn,tworth thet'fort| 5 Rosy wasboredwithth dilgrind. a b d witto gon holiday. ShouIdn't going Apparent|y h's utwithsomon ls. Hwntd a hang f arr. |,|I skhimto hIo mwithmin. |nthndit rind.

lordstht g |ogoIhor
4 hoos th orrt option, a, b, or , to ompIte th sntns. ,l Gai|hrbk on a arr in mdiin ndstudid rtinstd. a tUrnd b prsntd md 2 Json mad a(n) dision ndbught th motorbik, vn though h ouIdn't r||y ffrd it. rusn b snap a b rUp t 3 |t's oftn vrydiffiu|t to hv b do a living asn tor.s
m K

4 Aftr rIsing hrfirst sing|e, thpopStar to fam a Iaunhd b roketd tookoff 5 Nio| advntg of hryrin Brazi| nd |arnt Portugus. a md b took had 6 N4issing thtrinWaS aof badIuk' |fon| w,d rrivd r|ir. a strk b push toUl.l

2 Nowmaththe idiomsin italisin 1 to th manings a_. b bord or unhapp withsmthing b nd r|ationshi a wast of tim d a rpeatd tivit thtis tiring or uintrsting e hav thabiIity or skiII t do somthing

?rpitions
prposition. 3 CompIete the sentenes with th orrt * * * e " by in on through to 1 inwslooking hoIidy brohurs, whnherboss w|kd in. 2 trns wsn't ken thidf tking r oUt. Shwntd to find jb. 3 l wsvr surprisd Hln's suggstion. I hadn't onsidrd wrking abrod' 4 Lifin thuntrsid is a drem ompard |if in th it. youndto trinvry 5 ln ordr to sud ath|tis, hard ndddit to th sport. ours|f 6 Susi t nro| didd |nguag ours' Sh -a wantd ltaIin. to |arn 7 hr no doubt Was Pul,s mindbout thanswr. H Was h wsriht. onvind

6xprion \||th m*Ka

5 ompIete th sntns with th orrt form of ths xprssions. u make a hbit f " mak for n mk fun of * mk * mak (somon) srifis wit" mkup 1 Thsingr hrfns frovr n hourbfor shapprd on stag. 2 As soonas h rrived in twn,|\4ark th nrst hot|. Youshuldn't sting up so |te. |t's bdforour h Ith. 4 Lind |otof to pUrsu rr in -a t|vision. 5 PopI |was Dvid. Htks hims|f frtoo sriou sly. 6 inndJffhv Thyhavn't n|ld th -. wdding ftr ||.

ths Rdth pomand answr qustions. .l Wht pitlur doslh potpint to thir ttitUd of ths|dirs' 2? dutin vrs 2 Whd outhinkthpotkps .lnto th |rns: th rpating thsix v|| of Dath i Rod hundrd.'? to th batt|fiId 3 hpotrfrs .th What f Dth'. vaI| as h US to dos mtphors thr it? dsrilo 4 What do outhinkthwor|d wondring hv bn might (whil wondrd. th woild Il vrse )? wht to th pot, 5 ording to thsixhundrd hppnd Whdosh suggst soldirs? thishppnd?

tfrCfiorge 0f tfi Ligfittsrigod

b d Lord Tnnso
B A AV A. d:*o

oujffii{]1;*l[..,

{ i)t;t' :6!j. I sil) !h:Lteht Bi,rcel

Your reations
qustions. disuss ths ln . -*' thiswssuh Whdo outhink pom? popu|r . HoW do outhink sussfu|| his thpothsonvd mssag? Howr|vnt is thismssag nowdays? Dyouhv Iik this nypoms Whih in ourownlngug? Howd thompr ons? withthison?

10.6 I{tf o [a, fra[f a [u, Q) 9{a[fa fue arllard, [[ in tftrl[k of Deatfi fuld tfisiafidrd, ,forulrd, tftLigfrt Engad! ftargfortfigutts!,fisaid. Into tfrrl[[of Datft fud tftsia{tdrd, ,forzurl, tfr Ligfit Eigd!' ,l,|stfir mlsmed? tfiso[dir t tfrough fut {tad6fudrl, S omort ,Ihirsot to mfo rp[g, Tfris not to rso zu{t, {tirs 6ut to do d di, lto rfru[[ o/Dtfi sifrundrd. fud tfr

d dsund Sfittr red, Itrt tfr rod 6aft" 6tot, sifrudrd. t tfr

dfomths6r -stro fu t fu:

to frt of tfrm. Co to [ftof tfrm, on 6fiid tfim o ,|ott dtu dr d; d qnds{Lt[ t zuitfr Stormd sfrot ,Wfrif {tors ndfiro ft[ ,Ifi tfrat fidfogfrt s,,l{t julsof Dtfr, mltfirougfr tfr E{fomtfr mutfr of 9{[[, [{tfratrus[rft of tfim, L of sifrun{rd. ,I|fr ntfrir g[ory f[? ti[[ firg tfrmadt [[ torfdzuonderd.
9{onor tfie hlgtfigmadd I{oourLfr Ligfrt El, 6[ sk ftundredt

ffsftd s tfig tured in ai gumrcsthr, Sa\rig t{t fia1irtg arm,rllfti[ [[ t|izuor[d zuondrd: [ungd i tfr\ttry-smofo tfr[itfrg \jgfit tougfi trofu; oss|nd fossi

G rm m ar
1 Rwrit sntns 14 as one sntne, usingth third onditionI. giv 1 Sudidn,t hrphon numbr. didn't Jami Jmi ohon hr. |fSu... 2 l gtto thstatin |t. I missd thtrin. 3 Wedidn,t rd thqustion. Wgotthnswr Wrong. |fw... 4 |x ppIid forthejob.Hegotn intrviw. A|x ... 2 omp|ete the wishs and rgrets with the orrdform of th verbsin brkts. ,l I didn't winthmusi omptition. l spnt |otof tim p|ying gms omputer insted of pratising. l wishI (win) it. |f (not on|y | spnd) so muh tim p|ying gams. omputr 2 l |ft shooI whnI ws]6 yrs goto old.I didn't univrsit. Iwish(not drop)out of shooI. |fonl| (co) to univrsity. l Iost m |ottrytikt. I ouldn't |im thpriz. |fn|y (|os) my |ottr tikt! I wish l (b bl) to laim thprizl prsudd |\4ik m to stout |at. parnts |\4y Wr angr withm.I wish|(not Iistn)to N 4ik. |fon|y prsuad) l\4ik go m to hm s |t! -'(not I didn't wnt to Irn musi| instrumnt whnl ws I wish (|rn)to p|a |guitar. th |fonIy I oUngr. (deid) guitar. to study th Rwrit thesestatemnts in rported speh usingthe wordsin brakts. Morthnon answer may b orret. 1 .Wht l do is somtims brin., (Jim/dmit) 2 .W wou|d nvr do anything dishonst., (h hiIdrn/insist) .Why don,t w gofora pizla?, (Mari/suggst) .You to|d a |il' (Bob/aus)

Rport the ordrs,|-5usingone of thsevrbsand a subjt of yourown. * ask * ommand * ordr* t|I* ur .tir!' 1 .Don't 2 movl' .Dn't yourromin suh 3 |v mss gain.' .Stop 4 trying to finduss.' .HIr 5 mwiththissuitas.' Rwrit qustions thsquestions as reportd usingon of th verbsb|ow given. nd the subjt ask e nquir e wnt to know* wndr .Whr 1 (spttor/n is thtikt offi?' offiia|) .Wht (Susan) 2 timis it?, .Hav youVrbnhrbfor?' 3 (d/N4r Jons) ,What 4 programm timds (|/ thshow nd?, sl|r) .Didyou 5 (mfrind) sthshowystrd?' Rewrit thesquestions usingthe wordsgivn. 1 rouo|d?'T|I m 2 .Hs thshow finishd?' I wondr .How 3 muhdosit ost to getin?' younid Hv .What 4 dos vrbody hr do in thwinter?' I'dlikto findout 5 'ls it going to raintomorrow?' Doou know

abulary
7 ompIet the sntns with th orrt form of th wordsin brkts. 1 |Qtsts ra Wa pop|'s of msuring (int||ignt). Arouablto (mmory) t|phon numbrs siIy? Londn taxidrivrs arinrdib|y (know) about rods in thity. (imagin). Ir is Vry Shemks up th most inrdib| storis. Wndmor (inform) about th hot| bfor w bookit. Ittks (onntrt) |otof to p|y a gam Ii ke hss. Ths dirtions (onfus). arVry No wondr WgotIostl (think). Susn is Vry Shbought m giftfr m birthdy.

5 AtuIIy, thispIy hsnvr bnprformd bfor., (Th tor/mak it |

form of on of with th orrt omp|et th sentns verbs' thsphrasaI =takit outon * takaftr*tkbak* takin .*tkn tkto -.. Shprfrrd in thit. |if 1 mm nVr Iivi ng in thountr. Vron gowrong ss |ws 2 Whn things dmitit,shrfault. Shwon't |s. and thhal|ng deidd 3 hxplorr to th Himalaas. thpdition organis ndst quik| instrutions thssmbl 4 Brtt up thomputr. musiian. Shmust t|ntd is a vr 5 iVoni hrmothr. h hismistk, sim rlisd 6 Assoon h hdsaid. vrything ths a, b, or , to omplte hoos th bstWord, sentns. figur in nglish is a 1 WiIIim Shakspar
IIt r atrU e. bsi b k

,l0

Writing
usingth writa shortbiogrph of KanuReves, of yourhoi. information blow, or n atoror singr to Usthisp|an lnIud in rported sph. ommnts hIpyou: - fmiIy 1 Bakground 2 areer up to now 3 Prsnl Ii[ ndintrsts

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t!

ttt::t:t:ti:ut:::

Born: Birut, ]964 :ia: * British. FamiIy: mother stumier forstars lik Dolly Prtn * half father Chinese. glogist. h|f Hawiin, ti: u:l :iu * Coc-o| Career: :ul first appearn dvertisemnt lall first - Youngb|od, starring ro|e wiLh Ptrik Swayz :::: _ My 1wnPrivat other fi|ms |daho, Sped, Draula, lrl Th atri, t:t: heMati Rloaded, The Matri
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it:

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itilli

first

other reent - rmonition, fi|ms ardba|!, Sweet Novmber

eV]lutl0nS

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lll it:
rll:

ross Rom ndJulitis a||aboutIov 2 Shakspare,s th-. divid diffrn b division at first it ws|ov first sawIuIit Romo 3 Whn |mprsslon b loo a sight in to truly it tks som timfrpopl 4 Usua|| l o V .

gt

b bom

f||

wsa apu|t, tht fund Romo 5 Although JuIit hr. wntd to s h stiII out b bout a aftr

grew Life: upinorontoMoved to Ho|Iywd whn he was,] 9,but mved bk tooront in2000 ftr his girlfriend, Jnnlfr Sym, died in ar aident. Usua||y Iivs rhotels. t:tl Likes: motrbiks, (plays sped nd musi bass ingroup ta:: Dogstr nd hasomposed sme songs) ,y aitl commets: rivate Iife isjust privt. tht, |,d tu rather Stay athom than hv a photograher fIlowing merund., utt ,Why lll hte|s? l Iike having tom Servi. ti:l A|so, snd most ofthe tim onltion Or tOUrig With 1t: thband., ,I,v ben ating Sine l ws14. I didtheatre, advtisments nd Vsris getting bfore film rts., ,l,m nt like any fthharters |,v |yd.,
t:: :iil

:'I lial

1
7rnit a Presntprfetand pastsimple
Presnt prft
prft Wusth prsnt t t|kbout: (our whihhsr hsn,t ] somthing happned bfor gnr| ftnwithvr, xprin)' nvr and befor. yu vrbrn to NwYrk? l-!v il' I'vnevrhd Ihopporlunit. l,msur hven,tmt, bfor, 2 somthing whihhappnd in th pastbutsti|| h san just,(not) fft in th prsnt, oftnwithlrd, t and still. ltrve ou lrdfinishedaurampositin? justomebkfrom Pris. htls Jk l hvn,t finishdrding our lttr t. phond hsn't, m. still Jn going somthing whihis sti|| on noWor is stiIl trunw, oftnwith/orandsin. W us/ortodd informtion bout th |ngth of timandsine Io talkbout th point starting of thation. julit nd |l,4rk hbnrnrried for t'iv rs. nn,skd kr dogsin|st. N'lle livd in thisvillg|l m li|. 4 instd of prsnt tns ftrwhn, if anduntilto ta|k (not) somthing thtmight bout b finishd nowor soon Whnl,vfinishdthisom;sitin, w,llga ta thinmrl' lf u hven,tbaokedthtikts t'rthnrt t,l n do it for ou. g untilou,v Yun,t t'inished aurdinnr,

Presntperftsimpl and presntprfet ontinoUs

prft prft Wusbothth prsnt nd th prsnt ontinuous forn ation whihbgn in th pastbutwhih hsprSnt onsq uns. prfl: Wusth prsnt is omp|td. 1 to mphsis thtan ation l,vwshdthr' lt looksnind !nnw. 2 to syhowmanytims somthing hshappnd. hy,v isitdust'ourtirns thisr. prft Wusth prsent ontinuous: 1 to mphasis thation its|f, whihmor mantsti|| b going on in th prSnt. |W loths ar wtbgus l,vbenwshingthr. 2 to mphsis th |ength of timthatn in omp|t tion has|astd. l,vebenstudingng|ish t'ortwoars. to taIkbut ations ththvbnroatd ovra priod of timup to th prsnt. W,ve bengoing to thtnnis lubfor rs. 4 Fora tmporar tion or sitution. h,ve benrryingaut tsts thtlphnr ;stm.

Past simpl
Wusth past simpI: 1 to taIkabout omp|td ation in th past, ftn with timrfrn. 11 rng m two dys go. - il wstoosnw. l didn,tgo to Sot|nd lst teknd pop| 2 to tII aboutpast Vnts andto t|| storis. quik| got drssd, l wokup rl, wghttk trmint town,nd rnet t'rid. withthvrbto b + sinto t|k bouthowlongit is sin somth inghappnd. owlongis it/hsit beensinou wntswimming? lt is / hs bengs sin| wentfor swim.

7rni Z Gerunds and infinitivs

Gerunds
in -ing. Wnusthm: Grunds rvrbaI nouns nding 1 asthsubjt f vrb. Lerningnglish is nt toodit't'tu|t. 2 asth objt of vrb. l likstudingdit't'rnt lngugs. ftr prposition. l,m looking togoing to nglnd on |lolid. t'orvrd 4 afIer rtin vrbs. . avoid. n'tstnd. arrlgolkeep on . onsidr . njoy.fny. finish. givup . dn. (don,t)mind . putoff . risk . imagin . miss. prtis Jo lwsvoidsdoing thwshing-up. l |ngoingto theinmtonight. Would ou mind losingthwindaw? withit. 5 aftersomXrssions . . |t,s (not) It's no Us... worth... lt'spoint|ss.... . It's nuisn ... . lt'sno good... lt,s no usetringto plin'

A hangein maning
Wanusthgrund or th infinitiv aftr somvrbs with hng in mning. rmmber + grund Wusrmember w t taIkabout somthing did in th past |atr. nd rmmbr postingthlttr, I rmembr + infinitiv Wusrmmbr somthing to taIkbout thatw rmmbr w mustdo,ndthndo ftrwrds. l rmembred to phonPt, Remmber to tkeourpn to shol. B nd + grund Wusned thtmustb to taIkabout things 0on. hkithn needsdrting. h'4 hir ndsutting. + infinitiv Wusnd to taIk things thtw about mustdo. l needtafinish thisworkb tnight. gingbrod. | nedt gtsom urrn bJor t'orign regrt + grund Wusrgrt w did in to tlkaboutsomthing th past ndrnowsorr about. l regrttelling|t'!r thtttl dir)n,t Iikhr, l regrtnot gaingto univrsit' + infinitiv Wusrqrt w to po|ogis forsomthing rgoing to do.hisis usdin morform| situations. l rgretta s tht! r unb| to nr to thprt. Wrgrethstbn to infrmu thturp|itian sussfu|. D tr Wustry+ grund to sythtsomthing we tridto do wsunsussfu|. l tried tlkingt Bn but it wsno god. wouldn,t hng hismind. Wusrry+ infinitiv to tIk w md boutsomthing n ffort to do butouIdn't do. l tried to phaneau lstnightbut th|inwsnggd. Wusth infinitiv withor withoutto after somevrbs withno hang in mning. l,ll helpou ta Bk' nou hlp mrr thissuits? jumping. l wu|dn't drego bung l wouIdn't dre to go dpsdiving.

lnfinitives
Wanusinfinitives withto: '] to Xprss pUrpos. l bught thisbooktordon thtrin. nough, 2 afIerfoo + djtiv or aftr(not) Thisris is too dilliuIt to do in tnminuts. Thmountis not enoughto overthpnss. wher, whenandhow. sthobjt of vrbaftr wordsIik l dan'tknowhow to swiththmputr o. vrbs. 4 afIer rtain . fford.agr.rrng.did. hop. mnag . want . promis . rfus Ptrgreedto hlp mpint m room, l deiddto go to thbh.

YrbsfolIowedby gerundsor infinitives

aftr somvrbs 1 Wnusthgrund or th infinitiv withno hng in mnlng. I lik trvlling/ to trv|. Thstudnts ontinuedworking / to work. lt startdsnowing / ta snvl' h bgnbuilding/ to build thnwrilwsttionlst ar.

prtiip| 1 A grund, prsnt ndn djtiv nding in -igIok thsmbutw usthmdiffrnt|. Wolking is good t'oro.(grund/noun) (djtiv) B Wewnton skiingholid. (prsnt Wst in thpub etinghmburgrs. prtiip|) 2 Wnusth infinitiv in ontinuous' pr{t. nd pssiv form. to llu t b bught t b buig
ta hvbugh! t h, hbou1hi | hlvt'bt lluling ltt naw> rrlLn b Jound rl lh,, ttl!r!' is slidto b rriving ittl!t lIK td Thritirt! is sil ta hve bn tiving brrJ. is thuught t hv ben rrstd strd'

1 Manyvrbs rnotusedin thontinuous form. . b|iv. b|ong.nsist.dpnd. ht. know . |ik. |ov. mn. nd. prfr.ra|is . rmmbr . sm. SUppos . undrstand . Wnt 2 Som vrbs nb usdin ontinuous tnss wilh diffrnt mning' e.g. s'think, hv. |l,

arnit

Relativeand noun lauses

Defining rlativGlauses
Use givus ssenti| Dfining r|ativ |uss informtion. Th dfin th prson or thing WartaIking bout. ThyusuIIy dirt| fo|low th nounthtWrdfining. l|i|r Robrts is thwltlnwh tlphoned rw strd. hisis thbktflttter gvwe m t'r birthd. Pronounsused in dfiningrelativlauses pronouns Wusth r|ativ who,whih, thtor whos. ,] Wuswhoor thtfor popl. hisis thmrlvlra |her|n. / thtdsignd

7rnit3

abits

Presenthablts
1 Wusth prsnt simp| to tIk boutprsnt tins or stts in gnrl, oftn withn dvrb of frqun. I usullygo tr shalb trin + lws, 2 Wusth prsnt ontinuus ontinu!| and t|k bouttions thatrnning in the forvrIo prsnt. brthf s tllws ornplining boutsamLhtng, Wuswi|| to tlkboutbhaviour thtistypiaI of prson. 5hss hrfrinds !l r1 tlt shl rldthnsh,tl p|ln thtnin tkvning'

2 Wuswhih or thtfor things. ls thisthlttrwkil/ thtrsrn strd? Wuswhos|o sthtsmthing bIongs to Somon or somthing. Itis morommon|y usd for pop|. lis is thstl,whs boffi hit, t'llmwas{N hfi!l,ryhas tit| t.tls Gt,vith th Wincbrrn vr Jr;mus. pronoUn 4 Wan |v th re|tiv out if it rfrs to th objt of th r|tiv |us butWannotlv it out whnit rfrs to thsubjt of th r|tiv Iaus. (tlt) htikts whkd wr r fr thcnrt
t,|sIv '

Past habits
] Wusth past simp| to t|kaboutpst ations or stats, oftn withn dvrb of frqun. Whn I ws!it-t|' t usulln{, ta thelibrar 5rlturds. 2 Wan usewouldandusd1o+ infinitive withoutfo to pst t|k boutrptd ations. BJr l culdrlriv,l usdtr/'ltufd trvlvr'hg{g b bus. Note Wn|so ususd to,butnotwould, to t|kboutpast sttS. l husrd ta !iv itrrsn. l dir}n,t ust'hr;v lltrbik. 3 Wnusth pst ontinuous withlws to tIk bout nnoying hbits in th pst. l rmmhr thr|, h wslwst*lkingi !s.

hsttrs whprd irl th|ilm wr'lr t'mu's"

Non.dfi ning relativelauss

Us Non-dfining r|tiv luss do notdfin th noun. Thy givus xtr informtion. Notthtw Us omms withnondtl ningrItiv lus. hPrimh4ilistr, whis |tlvlg lr.ut{w r:rt h4irld! tst tur, rnrlr'] a statmnt Ihism{]ri.

relativelauss Pronounsin non-dfining ndw Wdo not usethtin non-dfining r|tiv lauss nnot lv outth r|tiv Dronoun. h hs bn boot'fi film, whihulsmdin Sotlnd, 5uss. Spilbrg, hs mdmi!lions h dirtortlas Stven JiIm,'lhos of dol!rs.

Not Wdo notusu||y usth pstprft ontinuous to t|k boutstts.

Prsentperfct ontinuous
prft Wusth prsnt ntinuous: going 1 to t|k bout n ation whihhsbn on forsom going timeandwhihis stiIl on. Pul hs bnjoggingroundtheprksinsvn this o,lok morning. 2 forfinishd whihhv in th prsnt. ations a rsu|t W,ve bnliving in thitfor boutt'iv rsnow. hir is wetbus |,vbnswimming' fortions thathavbnrpetd of tim ovr priod up to th prsnt. h,ve beengoingto thtnnis lubt'orgs.

Noun lauss
WnusenounIuss: 1 asthsubjt of a sntn. Whtou rsuggsting sems a goodid, 2 as th objt of sntn. I don,t knowwhtourt|king bout. qustions. qustion, th indirt Inan indirt aftr prtof bfor thvrbin thsond subjt a|was oms thsntn. nau tllmhowhe is? r usd wordssuhas ow?Whn? and Whr? Qustion in bthdirt and indirt oustions. Whtis thtin? (dirt) noutlIm whtthtimis?(indirt) word, w usf. |fthr is no qustion (dirI) sshrrivd t? Dyouknowif shhsrrivd f7(indirt)

Adverblauss
Wn usdvrb Iauss to xorss: ] rson l borrowd sommonbecus / sine/ s l wntedto stort up m ovtnbusinss, 2 tim Whil/ Whnwe weron holid,wmtn oldt'rind, onditio n go to thonrt. lf we n gt tikts, w,lI 4 pUrpos l joinda sorts |ubso tht I auld mkfrinds. 5 rsu It h tht le didedto trlb train. ftightwasso epnsiv

Tlnit

5 Narrativetenses

Past simle and past continuous

past to dsrib Weusthsimp| withth pastontinuous happnd whnnothr tion thtwsin progrss an ation or.intrrutd'it. wentof|. lsson whnth!ights Wwrehvingn ng|ish rrivd. l wslistningto D whnPetr

Past prfetsimpl and ontinuous

ndth pstprft ontinuous Wusbothth pastprft tion whihhppnd bfor anothr to tlkbutan tion for a ompltd in th pst.Howvr, Wusthe pstprft itsrsuIt. ation ndto mohsis hd stolnmurS. l wsngrbus somn forn tion tht ontinuous Wusth pastprft thtin of tim, andt mphsis happnd ovra priod going on. I wsmzdthth hd beenstaling for so from thompn
lon.

TfniX ll Past modals

Pastmodalsand maning
Wanusoastmodals to tIk about: 1 possibility l,ho lt might/ m hbn snttht'lowrs. ourprnts 2 |ogi|xp|ana tion phond. |t n'thbnllri ho S|l,s on ha|id. lt musthvbn Srh. Shsidshwsgoingtagtin touh. obIigtion l oughtto / shouldhvJinishd tLlis ompositin lstnight. 4 |ak of nssit Wneedn,t hvegot up so r|. 5 a ost ondition I wouldhv thampositin if I lld hd tim. t'inishd

Ifw wantto sywho or whatdid thtion, w usby + prson orthing. rtd wsbuilt up witll nighbauring is|nds b the lol fishrmn.

Passiveforms with th grundand the infinitive

Wnuspssiv forms aftr vrbs whihrfo||owd b (' p134): thgrund l rmmbr beingshawnthmin sights oJ l ondon. (l p135): vrbs whihrfoIIowd ndftr bth infinitiv Ppl pt to ttkensriusl whntht|kbutthir pr0blms. gru (' pla) Wan|so uspssiv ndsaftr somprpositions bing sntn busilss trisvrwkd' Jk wsfd up l'uith

Causativehve and get

Form + pst Wformth austiv using hvor gt+ objt partiip| of thvrb. . Whn did ug,t our hir ut? ' l htl it ut strd. . Whdid ou hentrlhetinginstlled? . Wgatit instlledbtlus thhous wsfrzing oldin tr. li Us Wn usehv or gtinthustiv strutur. Gefis more inform| Ihanhv. Wusthustiv whnw rt|king bout somthing w sk, t|lor psmbody |s to do for us. Whvehrl newrptlid' Ihd ther wshd Ihismortting' gt Inthausative, andhv ansomtimes hv ngtiv (usuaIly maning.to xprin, somthing unp|asnt). (|' I got/ hd m hus brakn into lstnight. houswas into.) brokn

7rnit7 and gt
Passiv

Passive'Gausative he

Form passiv, sntn o mkan tiv w nd to makthr nngs: mkth objt of th vrbth subjt of th pssiv sntn. B usth smtns of th vrbto b andth oast prtiip| of th ative vrb. Thit hs ttrtedvisitors t'roml! ovrthewoild.(tiv) Visitorshvebenttrtdto thit fromll ovrth (pass:e) woild. Whnis it nssry to sywho or whatdid th tion, w ndto makth sub1t of th vrbth gnt of th pssiv sntn b usingby. (tiv) Polieughtth thif thismorning. Ththif wsughtby poli thisorning. (pssiv) Use Wusth ossiv form: .,] whnw d notknowwhodid thtion. hB of Islnds s visiteds rls thtenthntur. 2 whnWarntintrsted in whodid thation r it is notirnortant whodid it. hislndvils disovrd in 17B9.

Tfnit I ways of talking about th futur

going to
Wn usegoingto: 1 to taIk bout our intntions. gaing lngridss sh,s to tkup swimming. 2 to mkprditions basd on whtw ns. lt,s going Lakt thtbutiful sunshin! to be nittr.

FuturperfetsimpI
Wusthfutur to tlkbout or vnt orft n tion whihwi|| b ovrbfor a rtin timin thfutur. past --+ prsnt - ) 2015 2010 spa statlon statlon spa Startd fi nishd hwill lv sttionb 2a15' finishrd thnwsp

Futureperfcctontinuous
Wusthfutur prft ontinuous to show|ong an tion or vnt wi|| hvontinud for bya rtin tim, oftnwith/or. ) ) past --+ prsnt 201 2010 5 sp sttion spsttion strtd t'inishd B 2a12ttlwil| hvbnbuilding t|lsp sttion for two rS. a

Presentontinuous
Wnusth prsnt ontinuous to t|k bout a dfinit arrangmnt forthfutur. I,m kving rln intrviw t{norrw. W,reging out withfrindstonig|lt.

Prsentsimpl
prsnt Wnusthsimp| to taIkaboutvents t (oftn timtbld dfinit timin thfutur vnts). Sho| strtsntnd. honrt bgins t 7"a. htrrlinllts t 16.0,

arnit 9 hird onditional, wishes and regrts

Third (onditional
Form + would WformththirdonditionI using f + pastprft, + hv+ pstprtiip|. / wouldn,t lf ou had givnrnaurharlnumbr, l wauldhvIledou lf l,d st m |lrm lstnight,l ltouldn,t |ak hvaverslept. Wn|sousouldhvor mighthv+ pastpartiipl. $ ou hd told mou wrlt,I ould hvegivnou lit't. tf rkhdn,t' benso rud,l mighthvt'orgivn him. Use Wusththirdonditin| to imgin howthings might hvbndiffrnt in th oast. lf l hdn,tbrlsa tird,l wuldn,thveflln slepn th bus. (ButI wstird, nd I did fa|| s|p.) lf Pulhd tld mbau{ thprt,l'd hvegonto it. (ButPuldidn't go.) t|| m'nd l didn,t

Futuresimple (will)
W uswil/: ] to mk prdition. humbrf rson throdswill inrs rpidlin th nt fivrs, 2 to mk rqUst. ga tlnd gt m ditianr Will u p|rls frrnthlibrrlr? to mkn instant dision. |,llgo nd gt ustln irrlm! 4 to mka promis. r! lost" l,ll buunthr watht} thanou,v 5 to xprss dtrmination. IikthisspilottrhaIid! Wwan't'lt rl litt|prob!m

Futureontinuous
to mphsis th Ingth of n Wusthfutur ontinuous timin thfutur. tion at a rtin ) ) past prsnt -J 2010 2015 sLtion sp sttion sp strtd finishd stgtin. ln 2012thwill b buildingthnws

Wishesand regrts
WnXprss wishs and rgrts aboutth pstusingwlsh + pstprft. or wished ThwishWXprss is th opposit of whtr||y hppnd. (You lwisll l'd bnborn hundrd wrn't born arSago. hundrd ago.) ars

(Butshdid Pu!wishsshehdn,tsplitupwithhrbat'rind. up With him.) spIit (Buth h hdn,trgudvith hisarnts so muh. Dvidwished With thma lot.) did rgu rgrts Wnlsoprss boutth pstwithif onl+ pst

2 |fthreportingvrbisinthprsnttnS,wdonot thfrmof thtns in th rportd statmnt. hang ,l,v phn,' mobi| ss l|. baught llss s|l,s bouglt mbil ho.

prft.

Reportingordrs and requests

W usrel/+ infinitiv to rport ordrs' andsk+ infinitiv to rpor rqusIS. ,Sta ttlking,, stlidtk thr. ! ther tld us to stop t|king. ,n hsid, aussthsrl|t, |s?,

I didn'tal|him.) lf onll hd lldhim!(BuI hd rmrmbrd m birthd!(But h didn't tf onlyJmes rmmber it')

Unit

7o

Reported speh

pss ttskd mif t uld th s!t. Reportingqustions

qustions, Whn we rport W:

Reportedspech
vrbto rport dirt Wus rporting sph. WaIso nd to hang: / bmes h/ sh. A pronouns, .g. B tnss, .g. prsnt, simpI simplps l pstontlnuous prsnt ontlnuous , , m, might wi|l wu|d; n ould; l pstprft prSnt prft (ontinuous) (ontinuous) l simp|pst pstprft Note Pastmod|s do nthng thirpast formin rprtd sph. ,l wauld|ov toknawthnswr,, sidSll' lovt kowthnswr. S|l sidshtlould 'You withthr,, shouldhetoldnlbutthprab!m srlid Jim. jim stid l should havtoldhi but theproblm withthr' hpastprft ontinuous dosnthng in rportl sph. l hd bntrvllingI|d, l flt tirdon h4ond bus S|t sidthtshhdJlttirdan h4ond bus shlld bn trvlling|l d. wordsonntd with th prsnt, .g. l thr; l ths nwl thn; hr thisl tht;ths

] do notusthvrbin thqustion formin th indirt qustion. ,Whn skd didau rrivirl Lndan?,Sia Ptr. shhd arrivd in Lndan. Simn skd Petr hn 2 Usif or whther if thris no qustion wordin th dirt qustion. ,r hr|ong?, Simonskd Ptr. oustying shwrlssting thr long. Simanskdtrif / wht,hr lndiret questions without tense hanges qustions Indirt without tnshngs r knwns qustions. qustions hs rdirt whihfo||ow mbddd nothrsntne opnr, e.g.l wantto know,l wondr, 1. qustion Wdo nothng th tnsf th dirt butw do thwordordr. hng .r l wntto knowif u,r hungr. au hugr?, ,r thhitlrn tird?'l lundr it' thhildrn rtird. ,Wht timis it?,ou!r1 tlt!!rnwhttin it is? ,|s if tlinnr dinnr rd Doouknvv is rd t?, t?

Reportingstatmnts
1 Thre armandiffrnt rporting vrbs in ng|ish butw foIIowd oftnussor tll,somtims b tht,to rport dirt sttmnts. ,I'v mabi| bought sidll. lhn,, !lsaid {tht) sh'dbught mobilphan" 'l don,t it l,uorks,' knwhl, l| sidto Mrk. sh didn,t knaw howit wot,kd. ll told Mrk (tht)
Note fel/is |wsfo||owdby an objt

for | rn rs of E ng | ish Word p oweDitionary r Note : De finitions tak nfromthe oford 1. 97B0 19 4 9 9 2 4 Pre ss, 2000. hird ditionI S BN first d ition o ox fordUnive rsity

U N I T -I
rr a. I

Nouns
tht provids ageny /.rd3nsi/ [] business partiuIar srvie: a mod|ling gn aI b u m/ al b m / [ ] b o o ki n whi hyou kp 5t mp s , h o to g r p h s t , th tyou h v o||et ed th t m kes a p p eaI/ 'pi : l /[ U ] q u | i ty sb/st h attrtive or intrsting appearane/.lrns/[]th Wtht sb/sth|ooks ve r b : p p r 0r s em s a r m ad i l Io/ : m ' d r l o /[ ] n Am eri n n im | s n d rol|s in t o w i t h hr ds h | |th , te tsi n s t b | | i f s t h tt k s it a r m o u r / : m / [ U ] l o th i n go , f t nm dof m t |, th m slvs t hts o l d i e r wo s r ei n th p s tto prot t vrb: a t t r a t i o n/ ' tr z k Jn / f|ing o f Iikin g sb/st h
ITI

brand name /'brnd rm/ []th nmegivnto produb t y th e o m p n y it th tp rodu s a m o u f l ag e / ' k a m f l o : 3 /[ U ]th e w in wh ih n it ssu rrou n din gs ni m l 's oIour o r s h a p m t h s to see.. Thepo|rbefs whit nd mkesit diffiUIt gist th ;now. fur provides mout'lg areer /k.rr/[]1 th seriesof jobs that sb hs in prtiu|r re of work:Srh is onsidring th eriodof your Iiftht rerin enginng.2 y o u s p endwo r k i n g ot /kot/ []the fur' hir,t,tht ovrs n ni m a| 's body om mer e/ ' k m : s /[ U ]th b u sin ss of bu yin g nd .o m m eri l things d j ti v s el Ii ng leg|gremt ontrat /'kDntlkt/[] Writtn vb:otrt /kn trkt/ osmeti surgery/koz'metrk 's:d3ri/[U]mdi| to i m prove prson 's t r t m nth t t i s i n t n d e d rne appe raftsman/'kr:ftsmn/ [] prsonwho mks h n ds things s k i I f u | | ys ,p i a | W | i thhis/h r ids,beIifs, u|ture/,k,tltJa/[]th ustoms, et. , o U n tr y, et. Of p r t i U | 5r 0 i t div er s i t / d a r v : s e ti i[ ,u s u | | sin g,] wide varietof sth doumentar /'dokjumntri/ []a fi|m or te|evision tg i v s f t s or in form t ion o r r d i op o g r a m mth b o u t r ti u | sr ubjet fashion /.fJn/ []th sty| of drssing or bhvig r t a art i u | t im t h ti s t h m o s tp o p U | a r e fashion show /'feJnJ/ []n osio whr o f |ot h es bein g worn n s n wd e s i g n s o p | b f as hi on mode|s feathr /'f/ []one of the light,softthingstht g r o wi n b i r d ' s s k i n n d o v rit s bod fur / f : /[U ]t h e s o f tth i kh i rth t overs t h e bodies o f s o me n i m | s he d g eho g /' h d 3 h g / [ ] s m | lbrown u ropa n ( spis) Withs h r pth i n g s l i k n dIes n i m| ovring its bk | pression imag e/'r m r d 3 / 1 [,U] th g e n e rim t h a t p er s o n o r o r g n i z ti og ni v s to th pu b|i 2 [ ] p i tu r e th ty o u h v o f wh tsb/n his like ment | or |ookslike 3 [] opyof sb/sthin th form of p i t ur e o r s t tu imperfetion / Imp'fkJn/ [] fu|tor waknss d j ti v im : perft i n s b /s t h impression/m preJn/ []( impssion of s|th) n i d a, f l i n g o r n o p i n i o nt h tou gt bou t givesyou sb/sth, or tht 5b/sth influene / rnfluns/ [U]th effet tht sb/sthhs th i n k so r bh ves or on t h e o n t h e w p e r s o n Wyt ht thwo r k o r d e t | o p s

in spira t ion or / I nsp ' r. [n/ f e I ingp , e rson [ , U] you Wntt0 do sth 0r g iv s t h in gt h a t mke s ou it in 8 n Wid s invisibiIityhn vrz bIlti/ [U]th ft 0r sttof bin gu n bi to b s nwithth humn y look /1k/[] fshioor sI|: Theshop hs nw look to ppl to oungr ustomr'. job is to w rnd m odI/'m n dl/ [ ] whos pe rson sh own ewstl s of |othend s b e p hotog rphe d W a rlg t h m m odeIIin g /.mdlr / [U]th workof fshion m odl outIin / a.itlan/ of the most [] dsription im port nt f ts boutsth or id s pea o k/.pi:kok/[ ] |ong lrgbirdwith b utifu| bIu n d gre e n tiIfe th rs tht it n I iftup nd spre d ou t photograph/ tgr:f/[] pituretht is tken photog ph W it ha m r d je tiv : / fit.grrk/ hoto-stor/Utust:ril[] storyt0Idthrough p hotogr phs pIot /plot/ []srisof eVnts Whihform th story of nov|' fi|m,t:hpl hd vr wk plot. preda t or/ pr dt/| ] n nim| tht kiI I s nd ts ot h r n im|s pre /prI/[U,sing . ] a b ird,e t.tht is n nim|, h u n t ed, kilI e d nd e te nb noth r rpresentation/'rprIzn.tIJn/ []the wy tht sb/st h is shownor d srib d; som thing thatshows 0r des rib sth s safty / sIfti/[u] th sttof beingsaf;not bing da n gerous or in d ng r speies /'spi:J i:z/ or nim|s g roupof p |nts [ ] t h t r |lth smend thatan hvbbie s (brd) together spin e /spa rn/ I ikn dl s on of th shrpp oints [ ] fou n don somp|nts nd nim|s stik inset / stlk Inskt/[] |arge instWith Ion gt h in bod ytht looksI ika stik storboard/,st:rib:d/ or [] srisof drwings pit u rs t h atshowth out|in Ofa story stripe /stlarp/ [] |ognrrowIinof olur su rviva I /s . vaI vl/ to I iv of ontinuing [U]th stt or istoft , nd sp it or dang e r diffiuI ty variet /v'arti/[] numbrof diffrnt typsof t h Sa m e t hingv rb: v

provide /pr'vald/ to givsth to sb or mksth for sb to use ;to off rsth vailb | reat /ri.ekt/ of sth tht hs to do or s5th beUse ' 4 ( | iOl |oU||: hp p ne d or b e e n 'id represnt/ rplr'Znt/to dsrib sb/sthin p rt|U|r W satisfy/'s:etIsar/ to mksb p|sd by doingor giving oU : him/he r whth /she Wants tio 5trsf /'sltIs'fkJn/ skth /SktJ/ withoutny detai|s: shortdsription l sat on the grss nd skethedthe stle. survive/s'varv/ in or t0 ontinU to I iv or xist situ tion ft r diffiult or d ng roUs symbolise/'sImblaIz/ to reprsent sth

Adjtivs
amat ur/ z mtI / done ,or doingsth,f 0 r p | sUre (notfor mone ys job) you; attrative/'tiktrv/ tht p|ass or intrsts thtyou I i|'e Up U{ ). i'( : , 'tr|rI ite bI urre d/bl:d/not l r; WithoUt a | r out| in broad e r/'br:d /without |otof d ti|g ; ener| I ar/k1/ un r 5y to 5 or h arop p osit: I ose . up /'klus lp/ t or from v rshortd istn to sb/sth (ommon /'kmn/ hp p e ning oft n; isting in oonti| , |rg e numb r or in mnp|r Un0mnlon ompliatd /'komphkeItId/d iffiuItto understnd plot. or de|with: novl with vromplitd ountIess/ kar'intls/vry mny de sign r /d'zarn/ mdeby fm ous d sig nr; nd hving fmousbrndnm x p nsive giving de taile d /, di:t rld/ i nform tion b oUt ind ivid u| fts or it ms essentiaI/I'sn.[l/ nessr; omplte| thtyou ||l sseI lt| | musthvor do 0 p 5it: expensive/Ik spnsIv/osting |otof mony i n , p llpsit : p nsiv h fake /k/ mdto look Iikesth e|se: jakt in fk Jur glamorous /'glmrs/ spei|ly ttrtiVe nd e x iting, nd d iff r nt fromord in r thing s or p op | he I pful/'h lp fl/giving he |p he I ple ss or /'h lpls/ unb| to tk reof oursif without the h |pof oth rp op | do thing s I e g a| using or onn tWit d hth lW /. I i:gI / opp siti| . g | g row nor f u| | mature/m, tJ o;m'tjo/ 1 fu|| y in s nsi b le d u| t w y d v |op 2 d be hving op os t : I nlmtUr muI tiuI turaI /. mdti'kd tJ orl/ for or i nlud ing p op I e I a ng Uag s, r| ig ion5 of mnyd iff re nt r s, Welive in multiulturl soiet. nd trditions: natural /'ne tJ rl/'| e isting in ntur; not m d or us d b y hUmn5 2 nrma|; s y ou WoUI d xp t orgnisedl c:genalzdl invoIving |rg numbersof p e o | who Worktoge theto r d o s th in w ytht p|nn d opp ost: d isorg isd hs b nr fu||y pe ae ful/'pi:sfl/not wanting w r, or in v o| v ing v|0| n or rgume nt re sponsib I e /rr sp nsb l/havig th j ob or d utyof withsb /sth' so tht it is yourf u| tif sth d |ing go s\, vrong i op p Osrt : sp onsib J spiky /'sparki/hving shrppoints suessfuI Whtyou /sk'ssfl/hvingahieved popu|r, rih,t. wante d hvi ; g b om unsu ssfuI o p st :

Vrbs
appaI /,pi:l/(p| to slr)to attrat or intrest sb a ssign/ sa l n/to givesthto sb ,t0 givsb j0b to d o noul: p rt i U|r ssig nn] nt assoiate/'sUJiIt/ between t0 mk onntion peop| or t hings in your mind attrat /'tr@kt/to usesb/sth to go to sth or giv a t t n t iOtn 0 sth rate /ki.elt/to Use sth nWto hppenor Xi5t d] t iVe r : tiV e develop /d,vlp/ or gtivs to mke pitUrs from iof fi|mb y usingsp ia| h miaI s evoIve/i'volv/ to dveIop or to makesth dev|op gr du lIy, f rom simp| form to mored v d you hopou h id /h a d/ t o g o some whe r wh r wiIln ot be s nor found iIIustrate/Ilstlt/ or mkesth |erb to p|in itUre0r s d ig rms u sin gx mp1p s, invent /rn vnt/ to sy or desrib sth that is not t rU potet/pl'tkt/ to kpsb/sthsaffrom dnger, to dfndsb/sth

traditionaI /tr'dIJnl/bingprtof th bliefs, grou r pof ustoms o r W a yo f l i f eo f p rt iu | p o p |th , a t h v e o t h a n gd for lon gt im qu a lit is t h u su | t p i aI/ 't r k l /h v i n g o r s h o win g pr r s o nth , i n go t yp o f p a r ti u | good;fntasti wonderfuI/'wndfl/ extremI n o v |u or u se w o r t h l ess / . w : 0 l s h / ving

Adverbs
personaIIy /'p:snli/usdto showtht you re yg o u ro wn o p i n i o n xp r ss i n

pessimist/'pesrmlst/[] prsonwho aIwys thinks or thtsthwilIb not wiI lhpp n t h t b dthing s p u| d j tiv : ssimi5t| b su e ssf stag night /'steg naIt/ []th nightbfor mn's with his mlfrie nds weddin goft , nsp e nt stereotype/'steritap/ |] fixdid bouta p t iu|r or thing,whihis oft n typof rson st dj tive : re otyp il n 0t t rUin r lit / stri.tryIkl/ or worryusdby th stress/stres/[U]prssure probIems in sb . slif

grdu|ly rt: and t reg u| r /'st dl1il ste ad iI y IJnemplomnths risn stedil sin pril 200. std djtiv: usdto sytht unfortunateIy/n':tJntl7 y ou sad or ptiu|r or ftmks sitution you into d if f iuIp t osition or g ts disapp oint d,

Idioms
a d iffiu|or t tnssitution I e arthe air to improv doubts,t:/,' honstIy bout Worris, by t|king sur iJ ou disussour Jeelin4swith hr it will help to lr th ir btwenou. g o wrong, |to mak mistke 2 to p rien Their reltionship5trtd to go wrong diffiU|ties: when th movd brod. very ngry Ioseyour tempr to beom on the one hnd ... on the other (hnd)usdfor showing oppositpointsof view:on th one h0nd, ars re ver usful.n the other hnd, th us huge mount of pollution.

Phrasal Vrbs
ar ]y o n ( i th | hd o i n g\ I h t0 ( on Lin Ue or stop doingsth bfore drop out (of sth)to |v o u hav f i n i s h d faIl/get behind (withsth)to fiIto por do sth t th righttim: l1's JlInbehind with his shoo| work gin. n d dropt o t h f aIIo v er t o s u d d n |s to ps t ndin g grou nd (futhr gt ahad (ofsb)to make progrss than He soon got had of the othershv done): othr' in his lss. g o o n (b o u t for |on g s b / s thto ) ta l k b ou tsb/st h Sh e wn ton o r n n o i ngwa .. t i m i n b o r i n g nd on bout th peopl she works with. g o o u t (W i th wit hsb, s b )to s p e n dti m regu | rly /s s xu r| l t ion sh ip: hv i n g r o m n ti nd/or Fion going out with onon? hildrn Iiv up to sth to b as good s epeIed.. somtims t'ind it hrd to liv up to thir parnts'

Vrhs
nnoor \\orrsb:Don,t bother /'bD/to disturb, bothr Gt with that now - sh,sbus. with to deal sussfuIly ope /kop/ (withsb/sth) Shesomtimes matteror sitution: diffiuIt finds it dift'iu|tto op with all th prssurt work. Withversma|| drops drizz|eldrrzll to rin light|y lt dosn,t matter /'mt/ fto sb)to b importnt: mattr to m that he forgot m birthd. you r moan /mon/ to mke |owsoundbUse in p in ,v rsad,e t' p ssivto ) us /'ov'w lm/(usuI |y overwh eIm ththe /sh e motion do s sb t o fIsuha strong not knoWhoWto rat:e felt ompletel overwhelmdb their kindness. you resent /rr'zntl to fl ngrbout sth beuse l rsenttheIot that he hs ben think it is Utair: promotd ovr m.

Unit 3
Nouns
in aid rain /'tsrd 'rIn/ []rin tht hs hmi|s damgeto t.nd tht auss it from fatories, tre e s, buiI d ingnd s riv rs arohat /'krbt/[]a personwho prforms in , i| | of th bod sp diffiuImov t me nts to diffe r ntow t ns( irus) showwhihtrV |s for anorak /,nrk/[] shortotwith ovring you from rin'w ind nd our he dthat p rote ts o|0 ape le:rpl []a typ of anim||ike largmonkey til Withno taiIor only v rshort mountof a vr|rg avaIanhe/'avl:nJ / [] downthsid of m ountai snowthts|id qUik|y s nd axe /aks/ [] too|with a woodenhnd| usedf or h dwitha shrpd g , h V y m tI Wood'e|.. on ie ae Utting tht the I oud, shor tnoisor nois5 bark /:k/1 [ ] of tr dogsmk2 [U]th hard outrovring Withtwo binoulars /br'nkjlz/ [pl]an instrumnt glass p arts ( ns sj in ord r whihyou l ookthroug h semnarr to makeob j ts in the distane brink /brI k/| ] if ou r th b rinkof sth,y ou or d ang erous ar|most in ve ryne w,e i ting 5|1Ution bungee jumping /'blnd3i d3,tmp/ [U]a sportin jump sfrom h ig h p | e, suhs whih p e rson an strth Witha longro p eWhih bridg or a |iff, ( b ung ), ti dto hisor he rfet age /kId3/[] bo mde of brsor wir,or sp surround b d y wireor metlb rs,in w hih sap e b irdor nimlis k ptso thati t nnot aIIing/'ko:11/ [] strongdsiror feelingof duty , i| | on e sp y in w hihy ou to do prtiulr, job h |poth rp op I ampaign /kam'peIn/ [] p|nto do numbrof spial aim :a things in ord rto hi ve ng/letionmp ign vrb: mpaign dvrtisi aptivity /kap'tIvti/ [U]th sttof bingkptin plaethtou annotesp Irom:Wild nimls re ot'tenunhpp in aptivit.Vrb:ptur hemiaI poIlution /'kmIkl p'lu:Jn/ [lJ] p oisonous tht m k ir, he mi| sub stns wter, soi|,t.dirty for finding ompass/.k,tmps/[]n instrument north s oints tht | Wyp with n dle dire tion,

Adjetives
on s iou s 'konJ s, use db olt rlion. ,[ |ing>. to mka and ontro|le d: d|ib rte t .) onsiousdision defensive/dI fnsrv/tingin Wythat showstht yoU yoU expt sb tO attakor rlt||s (use d bout p son) t |ling the h on st/,onrst/ or st |ing to p op | t ru t h ;n ot I ying shokd, disgustd or horrified /'hriard/etrmI frightend:l ws horriJiedb the onditions in whih the livd. goodthingsto optimisti /'ptI'mlstlk/ pting showing thisfe e I ing h ppn or sthtO b sue ssfu|; pessimisti/,psI'mstrk/ xpeting bd thingsto h pen or sth not to b su ssfuI prssurised l'pre!ralzdl made to f|that you do sth h vt o or shouI d positiVnd e nthusiasti; mking u pbea t/., tpi:t/ wilIb good thtthe fUtUr ou fe|

ptations. nd hv relate to sb/stho b ble to Undrstnd smpthy Withsb/sth , sign |, s th ,s uh s Iigh ta s en d s t h o u t to p r o d u s o u n d t . for sth or symboI stnd for sth to b n abbrevition s no r not ied s t and o ut to b e s i |

ldioms
in st h :Sh hav e/ p Ia y a p a r t ( i ns th ) to b in voIvd p r ti n l o a IpoIit i s. p Iay s n a ti v

ar

UNIT Z
-

Or

Nouns
attitude l'rrtju:dl []th way tht you think,fe| 0r Dnv of eIbration/,sh'brIJn/ []th at or osion st hgoodh 5 a u s e d o i ngs th n j o y b |b i t i s a sp id | y vrb: hap p n d or beus e| b r t onfidene/'konfIdn [U]trustor strongbe|iefin I hd no onfidenin mse|Jt ourslf/sb/sth: snooI. to mke ontroI /kn'trl/ [U]th powror abiIit sb/sth do Whtyou Wat tht you dision /dl'sI5n/[]a hoieor jUdgemnt possibiIit is b o u tv riou s th i n k i n g mk f te r p|]a hop epetation/'kspk tIJn/[,usua||y tht sth goodwi||hppen:he ventdid not liv vrb: pet up to m eptaflos. of bing heerfulness/'t.[rflns/ [U]the f|ing it h ap p y n d s h o wi n g hen party /'hn p:til [] partyfor womnonl' soongt wh o wi|| oy n h | df o r W om n s p i | | m r r | d

Adverbs
enthusiastialIy/m'0ju:zi,asttkli/ in Wythat in sth nd interStd showsyou r ited :nth Usisti dj et iv in th nd;fin||: He even t u a I ly /r'v ntJ uli/ evntuaIlmnged to prsude his prnts to |t him bu motorbike. wak|y febIy /.fi:bli/with no nrgor powr; f dj t iv : b |. ^ got up nd l hurridl hurriedIy /'h,trldli/ quik|y: dressd. ironialIy /ar'rnIkl7 in Waytht showsoU mean you sdj tiv ironi : of What t h e opposit l stard miserabIy/'mrzbli/in n unhppv'|a: miserb|e out of the window.djetive: miserbl ny diffiu|t: smoothIy/'smu:1ilWithout vrthingrn smoothl whil th boss ws w. smooth dj t iv :

(D

 !$ervtim /'kns'vrJn/[U]th protetion of t he n tu r wo | r|d |.il9fi,;ititis,t /'kns vrJnrst/[] prsonwho g n t u rworld b |i e v eis n p r o te ti nth l iitri[uitl /'kntrI bju:Jn/ []something that speil| m y o n e yor h e|p, or do t oget h r o u gi v , r,i Wi t ho th e rp e o p | :Ollt bt ] 1 desiLtiill /dl'str,lkJn/ [U]the tionof dstroing s t h\] l ) ' . i s I r O ! d]isster /dI'z:st/[]an eventtht uses |otof h r mo r d m g irgh[ /draut/ [] long pridWithoutrin earllltiJt* / :Okwerk/[]vio|ntmovmnt of th r t h ' 5 U r f e l]t]systrrfl /'i:ksstm/ []||the plntsand ni m | s i n p a r ti U | r r eon sidred t ogt h r Wi t ht h i rs u r r o U n d i n g s eli;lllgr! seies/In deInd3d spi:.[i:z/ [] t y p o f n i m | p , l a n t, t .t h a t is n ow in d n ger of d i s app a r i n fg r o mth e wo r |d t i t i ibr:ilirlg ;tliplti,l /rk'strk.[n/ in whih [U] sitution p |anta ' n n i m | , w yo f I ift .st ops ist in g ' i t .5i i i( i / ' : s t. I d / l |pt h tou giv [ U ]m di h t o s b wh o i s h U r to r i | |b e f or t h do t or rrives: first id kit/ours ,lJa,-e /fl/ []thingtht produs brightIightOr flme,usdespei||y 5a signa|: a rsu flar ,i!! /fld/ [] |rge mountof Wtr tht hs spredfrom a river, th s,t.tht overs n r eW h i h shouId b dr 1l.o{ Blai / fu:d tJrn/[] srisof Iiving r tu r eis n wh i h h r t u r t st h e on b l o wi t i n th e s r i e s f".iilg /'f,tndI/[U]mnfor prtiu|r p u r p o s th ; e t o f p r o v i d in g m on for su h p ur p 0 s e .w:ml/ lailig l globl ;gilful [U]the inres i n t m p r a tu ro f th e e r th 's t m sph re, t h t iS r ss, us e d b th i n r e so e f p rt iu lg s p i a | | rbon dioid haiAeil / hndl/ []a prsonwho trinsnd o nt r o Ia sn i m | s , s p i | ly dogs lil!iagter /,hhkt/[] sm|| irrft tht an g o s t r i g hU t p i n toth e i r .H|iopt ers h veIon g p r ts t h i n m t | o n t0 p th tgo rou n d' Ji1i[el,llria / harp'0:mi/[U] mdi| o nd iti o n i n wh i hth ' eb o d yt m per t u re is m u h | o w er t h nn o r m | j g !e /'d3lgl/ [] th i kf orst in h ot t ropi a I 0U nt r y job tht sb ltissitl/ mIJn/ []n imp0rtnt offii| i s s n ts o m e W h rto e d o , spi lIy t o n O t h r ount r iilil /'mr;a:1rl |](|sotlobi 1-rlltltJ t e|eph o nth td o sn t h vwires n d worksb r d i o, t h t o u n a r r y wi t hou n d u s nywher l;i,isli]t/'t1slrki []n rof oiI tht flotson th s e,U s U | l yf te r s h i p rryin g oiI h s r sh d ,ra!,D.t!ta /:,rr1u: tn/ []an nim||ika |rg mo n k W i thr r ot i i i p ..;, wit hlon g rm s n d r ed d i sh hir, th tI i v s i Born o a n d SUm t r p;lrgli!ig /'prglaIdl/ [U] sportin whih you jump Wr s p e i s l tr u tU r| i k p r h u t e, f r o m p | n e o r h i g hp l a n d re rrid lon g b t h wi n d b f o r o m i n gdownt rt h / p l e n ti /[ U ] l a r g m O Un t ; s m U hor s 'r ,]i l l r i mny s y o u n e e d t h ir, ;l l l l ui l i / l lp ' l u : Jn / [ U ]th t ionof m a kin g Wt er, t .d i r ty n d d n g e rou s ,'.:ii,i;io;:st /'rlnfrst/[]a thik forstin tropi| p r t s O fth e W o r | d th t h v lot of r in

l ,]i;lLi]ttl]n /'ri:'bIh'tlJn/[U]th pross of h elping sb to hV |ifginfte r norm|, us fu| h /she hsbe nv ryi||or in p rison for |ong t im ,r introduing n nimlto th wiI d r!se/rr li:s/ []th freeing of sb/sthor the stte of being fre e d ;l;s / rskju:/[]the at Of sVing sb/sth from sit u tion thatis d ng rous or unp I e s t l,i.,sl":ll /rr's:tp [U]deti|d d refulstudyof st ht o tlndout morinformtion b outit risk /rrsk/[]th posibiI ity of sth b d hpp ning t som tim in th futur ; sitution thtoUI d b d n g rous or hv b ad r su|t l";gl-" /rop/ |]verstrongthik stringmd by t wist ing thinne r strings, wir s, t.tog th r si e/sa rt/ p|a Wh r sth has hpp ne d or tht [ ] is usedfor sth sutii.lg /'ski:lr;/[U]th sportOrtivjty of moving oversnowon skts r1"'eig lilag/'sli:pI bzg/[] thik wrm bg t h tyou usfor s| p ing in, for e mp|e whe nou r mping snvharlilrg /'sno:dI/[U]the sportof m ovi g ove rsnoW on |ong wid b ordi
sll''ilol;

d*res /d.kri:s/ t bomr mksth beom sm||in r 5iz , nUmb r, e t, itrs /rn'kri:s/t0 bomor mkesth bom gr tin r size ,numb r, t. E]tg fW /'aot g ri/to b om too o| dor too b ig for sth v/o/ to hvto py moneyt0 sb for sth tht he /sh hsdonor g iv n ;.lhhjf;itaie / ri:'brlItt/ to heIpsb to Iiv norm| |ifginaft r n i|| ss, b eingin p risn, h |p ing n nim| to survive in th w i| d se /sIv/tO kpsb/sth sfefrom dth,hrm, IOss, t. swg /swr/to move bkwrds or forwrds or from sidt sidwhiI ehng ing fro m tidp oint; to mksth d o thi5 tj,1 /treIn/to teh prsonor n nim|to do sth whihis diffiu|t or whihned sp rti .tiril.t /wIntJ/to Iiftsb/sthup ito the ir usiga rlirlll(- mhintht liftsor p ullshev y obje ts using thik hain,rop e,t. )

Adjetivs
;rgg.ssi.* /,qrsIv/ rdor Iik| to fightOr rgue hLr;v wi||ing to d o thin g s w hihr d if f iu| t' /b re rv/ d ng rous or p infu|; not frid ar ! ss /. k ls/ otgiving noug h tte tion nd yOU thoUght to Wht re d oing , so thty ou m k e mistko1l s osit : l lLl . :harmirg /'tJ o:mve / ryp| sing Orttrtiv ]o:* klus ne rtn spteor lim e fl'grxls /k rId3s/hvingourg: brve faint-fucartti / frnt 'h:trd/ |king onfid nd not brav frid , of fiI ing g m&E (us d /'d 3e ntl/ b outpop l) k ind d | m ; p op I e touhing or tr ting o r thing s in ref uI Wy50thtthe r othUrt ]:r. llfh['ho:m using d mg or inj ur1to 5 sb/sth, sp ilI to y a pe rson ' h| th or to th nVron i me nt h Bf g iving /l h lpI 1/ h |p l !!e ss /'h lpls/ unb| t0 t k erof y ourslf or do thing s without th he I pof othrp op I e h; e lrss / homls/ hving n ow here to liv e; Without hom itg/hju:d3/vry big slf.s!.tiirt /,sls fl.[nt/ b|t0 produ or provid V fthing thtyou ndw ithout h| p from,or hving to buyfromothers 5 t :E 5l'\| e \rcmc|) b d o r > eriout :ial/'si. [be l/njoying bing Withothr p op |fri ; ndI y slitr/'soltri/(use d about p erso or n nim|) njoing b e ing |on; f rq unti sp nd ing tim lone stssfl] /sk,ssfl/hvinghived Whtyou p opu| r, Wnt d; hV ing b om rih,t, timy/'taI ni/ v rysmlI p rob | m s t gh /t^t7 d iffiult; hving or using :se { fl /ju:sfl/ thtan he lpyoUt0 d o or hiev e WhtoU wanI.. usfulgrdntoo|psi|; t] s|ss jve rspet, i'y.$[,t$ry / w:di/ tht should 5Upport or ttntlon: a worthause

$a]tr}ati@.]r /st: vrJn/ [U]suffering or dth b us th reis not nough food sl(;itus / stItas/[U]your soi| or profssion| posltioni rgrd to othr popl:h nwjob gve him muh mor statu;. st-rlpplis lse'plalzl [pl]the thingssuh s food' m ediine s, fu l, t.thtar ne d e d by groupof pop| for , e mp le n armyor x p ditio sirviafl /s'vavl/|U]the stateof ontinuing to Iive or ist, oftenin spiteof diffiulty or dagr: th flghtfor survivlvll sr v ve t!.rii/ti:/ [] groupof pop| who worktogether job a t prtiU|r i( n t /t nt/| ] sma|| struture mdof |oth thatis h |du p b p oI e s YoUUs t ntto sI e e p nd rop s. InW h nyoUgo mpI ng' .riill]al tve/'taIdl wlv/ [] vry |rg oenwve t h t is Us d b stormor an rthq Uk nd t h tdestroys wh n it r hth things s |nd tia /tall [] stron8onnti0n popleor between o rga n istions .[rmaiitl /t:'neldo/[] vioInt stormwith a very st ron g windtht b|ows in ir| irepezl /|r'pi:z/[] woodnor mt|br hnging fromt w o rope shighbove the ground, us dby prform rs irbtsj vol;'lioi.tili,ti /vpl'kianIk r'r,tpJn/[]n o sion wh n burning roks, smke sh, , e t.r t h rownoUtof vo|no i'tii;llr/vol kml/ [] mountinwith |rg opn ing t the to throug h whihgs s nd hot Iiqu idrok(J tl' rfr d out intoth ir,or h vb nin the pst t'vhsit /'wbsaIt/[]a p| onnetd to th In t rn Wh t, r 0mpn or n 0rgnisti0n, or p rson, p Utsi formation n in divid u| thtn be fou n don th WorldWideW b itngstL.'/'j,tst/ []a youngperson

Verbs
a j fo d / 'f:d / if you sythtyou . lil't1cilto d o st h ,oUme nthtyou shoUI d not d o it b us it wi|| usprobI e ms for you if ou do :lssss /, s s/ to judg or formn opinionb outsth
Ilot] il ] i]5st]ss.jlilt

ldioms
iJtt:'i1, to hng your dision or itlli rl.li 0 p I n I o [.l;:i,, :t ;i lli]ii. ;]lj to hve md |ot of progrss.. W'v om long w sin th al ds oJ th projt' flsr"illllr ]tt!(..]i t0 |os spei| skiIl or biIity

Phrsalvrbs
(o m u p w i th s th to f i n d n nswer to or soIu t lon sth 0i e o ut L od i s p p e o r r s l o p \ i t in g ; b t h t h in gt h t f i ni s h s b /s tho f f to k i l Is b / s thto h at p|adwith to ontinue: mkessb unb|e th mous befort'inishingit oJf. n g i v e s t h awa to g i v s thto s b Wit h ouw t n t in g mony in rellr W re giving awa free D with this month,sissu' go off to xp|ode: bomb hs gone ofJ in the it ntre. t; o giVe sit U t ion heIps b o u t to h | ps b i n d i f f i u lt t 0 h e | p5 b mo n y Iavesth to sb to givesth to sb whn ou di: /n h wilI he lft verythingto his two sons. , org a bus|nss' n n |s t |on set s t h u p to 5 t r t sysIem' et. or find sb/sthby using sniff sb/sthout to disovr of smll o u rs n s

typsof DYD / di: vi: di:/ |] dis with diffrt photog rphs nd on it, sp i|| in form tion r for vido, t h tn b use don ompUt(short 'digitl video dis,;or 'digitl vrsati|dis,):a DVD pla y r in n wspape r, n arti| edit ori I/' dr't:ril/ [ ] (th r b the he d0f the n Ws p writt n u su lly sub je t n op inionon n important dit or)giV , ing b\ s|h: eff t r kt |{ ] rnng elht is rUs d rsult e sp e il|y tht happ e ns, som thing even t/r'vnt/ [ ] or unusu| st h im portnt fator /'kt/ []one of th thingstht inflUnes wa\ a (ommon srLution D pr \'ion d ision, ' 1L'

tenany agreement/'tnsI 'grr:mnt/[]th or roomthty ou rnt to I iV in house right transmitter /tlns'mlt/[]a pieeof eqUipmnt or rd io t| v ision signaI s, out e l troni that5 nd s p r0g ramm s, t. or matters, dtiIs trivia / trvi/[U]Unimportnt

information doumnt Y lien /'ti: vi: lasns/[]n offii| to Use V st tht showsthat yoU hVeprmission video reorder / vdio I kc:d/ [] pieeof f i| m s nd p | y thtyou Useto re ord quip m nt s vid o and V p rogrmme

Unit 4
Nouns
advert /'adv:t/ []= ADVR|sN4N dvertisement/d'v:trsmnt/[] piof , r, t e|Vision n a n ws p a p eOn i nf o r m ti o in peop| piture t o prsu d t .th ttr i5 on w l | , t e m i n n W] ob,t . t o b u y sth ,to i n t r sth nd advertisig/.dva|alzlt1l[U]th tivity on t o peop| i nd us t r y o f d v i s i n th g ings t , ' in sn , th e In t fn et t el ev i s i o n , n ws p p e ro t deof p i e o f e qu ipm n m aer i aI/'e r i l /[ ] for r ivin g o f m t | w i r eo r l o n gs tr i g hp t ies sign |s r d i oa n d t | v i sion o r s nd i n g boUt o f W rit in g pie ar t i l e / ,o : tl k l /[ ] p r t i (u | or m g zi i n n W s p per sru b i l .la' th most (the) bottom line / btm lsing] r whenyOU or ept thingto onsidr important sth,t: musilinstrumnt or diding disussing shou|d|ookgood but thbottomline is how it sounds. btoadast/'br:dko:st/[]a rdioor te|evision p r o g r m mV erb: brodst printdon a broadshet/.br:d.[i:t/ [] newsppr g n e r | ly m ore on sidred |r g s i z o f p p 1 th a n5 m a | | en r W s pers s r i o u s ,l Whlt's on sIal|o.. hannI/ tJrnl/[] t|vision 2 bnd of rdiowvesusd hnnl4 tonight? progr m m s: o u t r d i oo r t | vision f o r s nd i n g i0 l hn n|s ite/ trrestr stlI or rdio hat show / tJt .[u/[] t|evision peop| r p r o g r m mo n wh i hwe l | - kown i nv i t d to t | k b o u tth e m s lves t the wh o wrks a p r s on / ' k l i : g /[ ] o IIeag u e syoU s amp | e wh o writ s j ou rn a list o Ium n i s t / ' k o l m n I s t/ |] or m g zin n n w> p per r eg u | r r tl I eis orrespondent/'kr'spondnt/ [] prsonwho for n ewsp pr, p r o v i d n s wso r wr i te s r ti |s ou n t r r o m f o r i g n t ,es p i l lfy urrnt affairs /'klrnt 'zl [|]impont tth p o Ii t i th t re h pen in g v n ts ol r s o i | p r es n1 Ilme dade / dkId/ [] priodof tn yars to y0ur diret debit /'darkt 'dbtt/ [,U]n Order s b e l s to tkm on yoUtof ou r b nkt h t | I o ws d t s o U no t n e r t l n

ftor in thssstudis. fin /fan/ [] sum of monytht yOUhVeto paY a lawor ru| for bre king gossi oIumn /'gosry kolm/ [] prt of yOun r db Out Whe re or n W spp r mgz|ne of fmouspe op | I iv s t h e privte hall of residne/ h:l v 'rzrdns/|](in ol|gs, stud nts I iV e Whe r bUiI ding s, t) u n ivrsitie headIine / hd1aIn/ []th tit|eof newsppr print d l tt rs bov th stor in |rge rt i |e rdioand te | vision, m dia /'m i:d i/[p I url] n W spp use rs ds m nsof ommunition: Reportsin th medt hv bn greatl agqertd. ( t h )N et /n t/(th|nt rn t) [singn ] int rntion| oth rn tworks nd onn ting om pu t n r twork univ rsiti s, t. fromomp nie s, om pUt r5 boutsththt hs n ews /n j u :z/[U]informtion re ntI y h a ppne d (of/in sth)[U]th m ning , poin t /pInt/ sth/doing Thre,s no point in of sth.. rasonor purpos tlking t m parnts _ th nvr |istn. the pross of proseution/prosr kju:J'n/[U,] to sb With rimend of tring hrging offii lly in ourtof lw is gui|t, sh owt h t he /sh or gme on quiz show / kwrz .[o/[]a ompetition lrv to n\We q r ue stion in whith p cop| t e|vislon t 0 t stt he irknowle d g reording studio /rl'k:dr1 stju:dio/ [] room wh ermusiis r ord d rfund /'ri:,tnd/ [] sum of montht is pid if you hvpaidtoo muh b kt o you,e sp ilI remote ontrol /fl'mUt kn'trtrl/ (lsoinform| you to oprt rmot) [] dvietht ||ows t,from distne t eIevision, dvitht is sateIIite/,sttt1aIt/ []n |troni th rthor round nd mov s sen tin t ospae purpose.. TV ste|lit for a prtiu|r notherp|net Using ste lI it s) ( = t lvision thtis brod st set.top box /.st top boks/ []a dvitht intoa form signaI t l vision d igit| h n ges t |e vision s t wh ih n b s e non n ord inry Wher 0n th lntrnt site /sat/[] p| unI V e rs|ty, t.p uts n org nistion, om p n, in form tion soa opera /'slp p/ (lsoinformlsop)[] of a groupof nd prob| ms th liv s st ory b oUt tim sa we e kon peop|e w hihontinus s ve rI or rdio t |vision spirits / sprrts/ [pl]th nte of mind of s|J|sthto b in high/Iow spirits (- ;n u happ/sad mood) ompn station / strJn/[] rdioor t|evision s l]rod sts n d t h e progrmm|t substitut/'s,tstrtju:t/ [] prsonor thingtht |s of sb/sth t h e p |e t ks with sm||pags, tbloid /'tablrd/ [] newspapr s shortrt|| 5 |otof p iturnd

Verbs
sth b hardWorknd to ompIete ahieve / t.[i:V/ skill | struor thtsth u np | snt to gr admit /d 'mI t/ thtyou hvdonsthwrong shr to givsth to sb s his/her alIoate/ 1klt/ p urp os to ussthfor pr tiu| r Orto d e id f or sthy ou ndor r q U st a se rious app e l /'p i:l/ wantv rmuh app I y/ pla/ to askfor sth in wr iting or to try not sth hppning avoid /.vrd/to prVnt to do sth sytht ban /bn/ (sbfrom doingsth)to offiial|y ofte , nby lw noun:b n sth is not ||owe d to sb/nh)to givea lot devote /d'vot/(ourse|f/sth pgsof th Svrl t,to Sb/sth: Of time, nrgy' nwspaprwer devotd to rportsof th rol i ng . tlou : d vtlon w dd Or to givhop,sUpport enourage/n'k,trrd3/ to sb onfid ne n to strtor rt estabIish/r,stbl.[/ Thshoo|ws sstm, eI.. orgnistin, estblishdin 1875. waslind sth).. fine /fan/to fin sb (forsth/doing 50for driving without Iights. t0 0 m eor D gath r/'gr/ (Use d ab outp op l) in group:h rotstrs togethr br0Ught glhrdin lh lown \quar to grab /g rrb / to tkd vntgof e an op od Unit sth d o or hV han or n le ap /li:p/i t sth to pt quikly nd With nthu5 | sm opp ortunity maintain /meln'tern/1 to kesth in good g reg u| r| y : d r p iri it b y he king odition he hous is |rgnd pnsivta mrlintin. thtsth is 2 le to k e ps ay ing rttl: t-llitlt tlt. p op l or d o d o not g re Oth r tru , V n thoUg h it nOtb e |ie v hrgsb with prse(ute/ prsrkju:t/to oftii||y rim to shoWthat prove /pu:v/t0 U5ftsnd vidne sth is tru publish / plblJ/ to prpare nd rint book, to th p ub I i ,t.nd makit viI ab l mgazine qualify /'kwlrfa/ to hvor givesb th rightto hvor do sth reeive /rr si:v/to gtor ptsth tht sb sndsOr grves to you f i| m , p rog ram m e, re ord/rI , k:d to / Ut mUsi, so tht it n be Iistnd t onto D or ssette d in|t r t0 OrWth g to thinkof s sth) re gard/rr g :d/ (sb/sth/ou eif D :o }oU in th way m nttoned sb /sth/ours lf regrdours|f s thorough worker? rnt /rnt/ t0 py monefor th us of |nd, , mhin , t buiI d ing

(D

passiv) to offii||y require /'kwal/ (Often r rquired b dmnd or ordr sth: P(]ssngrs |w to wer st bIts. se| t to h O o s s b / s th, u su sa ||y a rfu ||y, / s r 'l k t/ o r th i n gs f r o m g r o u po f p e o p l st ar e/s t / to | o o k t s b o r s thf or |on g t im s,h oked, b us y o u r s u r p r i s e d t . strike /strark/to hit sbth f N e t/ th sur f /s :f /( s u th | tern t to ) u sor Iook f o r i n f o rm ti oo nn th | n t r n t

ll

U N IT 5
-

ar

Nouns
advantage/d v:ntrd3/[]something tht my h |pou t o d o b tte r thn oth rpe op | agent / id3nt/[] prsonwhosejob is to do p rson bu sin ess for 0mp n or for noth r a m bit ion/m'b rJ n/[ ] som thing thtoUV ry m u hW nt to hvor d o award / w:d/ [] prizsuh s mon, t.for sth t h tsb h sd on yoU; benefit / bnlfit/ []n dvntage tht sth giVes a goodor usefu| ffttht sth hs breakthrough/'r.rkoru:/ []n importnt disovr or dev|opment: sienti|t brekthrough a st/k :st /fsing] tiI m, t. ||th tors in p|y, (ostum / kostju:m/ |]the |oths worn b tors in a pl or fi|m departure /dl'po:tJ/ [](fomstIl) n tionthat is diffrnfrom t whtis usu| or Xp t d diretor /d'rkt' dar rkt/ |],,| prsonwho m n gs or ontr|s or org nistion omp n 2 prson i hrg of fi|mor plywho te l|s th atorsnd the stffwht to do disadvntage/ drsd'v:ntId3/ that []somthing m ym kyou | ss su ssfuI thnoth rp op I e doumentar /.dkju'mntri/ [] ttIm't|vision or ra di0progrmm ftsor informtion thtg iv s bou t prtiu|r subje t drawbk / dr:brk/ [] disdvntg or prob|m ending /'ndl/ []the end (of stor,pIa, fi|m, I,): l on| like Jilms with hpp endings' etra /'kst/[] personwho is pid to p|y vr p rtin film,usu||y sm || of s m mb r rowd footage /.fotId3/[U]prt of fi|mshowing p rt | u |r e v nt immigration / lr grrJn/ [U]the proess of oming t o Iivepermne nt|y in ountry tht is not your oW n ; t h numb r Whod o this of p op | journalist /'d3:nhst/[] prsonwhosjob is to O lIet n d writb outn wsin n wsp p rs nd m g zin es or to t|kboutit on th t | vision or r dlo |ifeguard/'laIgo:d/ [] prsonwho is emp|oyed pooIto r sU pe op | t b h or swimming wh o r in dng r in the Wt r nurse /n:s/[] personwhosjb is to tak reof p op l usua|| , si kor in j ure d in a hospit| prt /p:t/ [] rol p|ayd by n torin p|, t lIm , t , persona|assistant/'p:snl srstnt/[] person wh o works s a s r try or n ssistnt for one prson photographer/'togf/[] personwho tks ph ot ogr p hs premiere / prmi/ []the fit pub|iprformn of p| , f i|m, t, press onferen/ prs knfrns/ [] mting t wh i hsb taI ks to g roupof journaI ists in ord e r t o swer th irq U 5tions or to mken offii| 5ttment projet / prd3kt/ [] piof work invoIving rfust I ud of sub je t ove r pe riodof tim , don eb shoo| or ol| g stud nts

Adietives
( o mmo n /' k m n / h p p n i n ft g n ; xist in g in l r g num b e r s o r i n m n p | s o mmu n |/ ' k m j n l /s h r d by grou pof peop| ostI/'kostli/ osting |tof moey;xpensive u r r ent/ k r n t/o f th e p r e s nt t im e;h a ppn in g now..urrn t events/fsh i ons d ai l y /'d r l i /h p p n i n g d,o n eo r produ d vr da: di| per g en r o us ' d 3 n r s h p p \l o g i\e m O rm o}' hel p 'et ,th n i s u s u | o r p t d inepensive/,rnIk,spnsrv/ |ow in pri n u mb /n m /n o t a b I eto f e | n yt h in g; n ot b|t o move lvith sb/sth) obsessed/b'sest/(obsssd unbleto s t o pt h i n k i n g b o u t n y th i n g els priIess/ praIsls/of vrgrtv|ue ralisti /ri: lrstIk/not ral but appring to b rl relevant /.rlvnt/onneted with wht is hp p nin o gr b i n g t l k d b ou t sad / s d / u s i n g or sorrfor yu s b to f e e Iu n h pp searateIyoupid / sprtli 'kjrrpaId/ room i n r ent e d h o u s f ,o r m i n g U n itby it self, W it h n i n d i v i d u te | nn gremnt tig h t -f i s t e d / . ta l t f l s tr d /n o t wi lIin g t o spn dor give mu h m o n ; mn val i d /'v h d / s thth a ti s l g | |or y offiia ||y hispssportis v|idfor on r eptb|e; on|. w eIl .o f f/ 'w l f / r i h ;h v i n g |otof m n y w o r t hl es s /, w : 0 l sh / ving n o v lu er u se

prop /prp/ [ usu p|] smlIobjtusdby ators or in f i| m : He dUring th pe rformn of p| y responsibl for |l the stgeprops nd Iighting. prsonin sports rfere /'ri:/ []the offii| suhs footblI who ontrols th m th d p r v ts p| r5 from br king th rU| s sponsor /'spons/ [] personwho gres to givesb if thtpe r5 on mon yfor harity sudin s partiu|r tivity omp| ting stereotyp/'stritaIp/[] fixdide bout p rtiu|r typ of pe rson w hihis f tn or thing , ot truein re aI it street (red / stri:t krd/ [U] wy of behving nd p eop | e, tht is e p tb l to oU ng dr ssing sp i|ly thoswho I ivin ities nd hv e x pe ri ne the d p robI e ms of re || if e subjet /'slbd3rkt/ [] thing or prsontht is disusse d d,e sribeor d d eaI t With b ing su(essstory /Sk,ssst:ril |] personor thing that is vry sUssful taxi driver /'t ksi dralv/ |] personwho drivs t |b tour guide /'tu gald/ [] prsonwhosjob is to p | es showtourists rou dinte r sting

Vrbs
, ev ision ap e ar / p I /to tkeprtin fi| m ,p | yte| progrmm,eI.. 11 has pperd in over 60 movls. beat /bi:t/to gt ontrolof sth;to defet: The governmnt'smin im is to bet inf|tin. I one kln tO p rodUre n c\(|op yo[ n nim | from its l|s or p |nt onsider /kn srd/to think bout sth refuIIy, mking oft nb for d ision diret /d rkt; dal'Ikt/ to be in hrgeof tors in a p|, or fi|m/movi: The movi ws dirtd b stevn Spilberg. fu|fi|/fil fil/ to mkesth tht ou wish for hppn; to hi ve a go| fund /fnd/ to provid projt, shoo|, hrity, t with mon noun:fund hand|e/'he ndl/ to d |Withor to ontro| / sb / sth: hve problm with mploee.I don't re|l knw how to hndle hr. rejed /II d3kt/ 1 to refus t0 ptor onsidr sth 2 to r luse I o (( p| b lor job ,p o)ition' t(' ,daon/ settIe down /'setl to strthVing quitr wayof I if , sp i|| b y stying i n th sm ep | ae or g tting marrie d shoot /Jrr:t/ t0 mke fiIm or tke photograph of sth

Advrbs
aording to / k:dl t bforevowlsIu..; Iul as ntd by sb; s shown b sth.. ording to ik, iLs brillint film. fi n aIl y/ . a m l i / f te r l o n gti m or d| firstly /.f:stli/usdto introdu th ttrstpoint in Ir s t fu r t her mo r e/ f : ' m c : / i n a ddit ion |so; however/hao'v/ usdto introdue sttment t hat o n tr 5 t5 W i thn h th t h sj u stbnsa id;bu t in o n Iusi o n / I n k n k l u : 3 n l f in a ||y; | st | nevertheIess /'nv'ls/in spitof tht you r se o n d Iy u s e dwh e ou rgivin g / .s e k n d l i / s e o n d reson or opinion ; |so sIightly/ slartli/ iitt|

Adjetivs
b udg e t/'bld3lt/ (us d in d v rtising t. , ) | owin pri omputer-Iiterate /km'pju:t htrt/ b|to U5 omput r onfident / kpnfidnt/ flingor showing tht you re surb outyoUroWnbiI ities, op inions, et. skl|| re ative ki I tI v us|ng or img in| ion lo mkeor d n wthing s , p e rin to fak /e I k/ not ge nuinep g b e sth it is not: fk dsignrlothing you do fit /lt/hlthynd strong, espeil|y buse r g u |rp hsi | e e ris

ldioms
aII i n aIIWh n V r th i nig ||i lIit s o n sidrd: had Den0 gr1tsuss. without (a)douht definit|y; rtain|: it Wd' without doubt, th oldest wintrJor mn ers.

fluent /,flu:nt/b|eto spk0r Write forign n d U r a t| | ng u ge s i I y a oun)for |l of yur bJor IifeIong/ laIfl/ (onI life t im or p t i nt/'p Jn t/ b | eto W i tf or a Ion g wit h ou t b h v i o uo r r diffi u It is t nnying b e O m l n gn g r y powerful /'a<;fl/ hving strongeffton y0ur mi d o r b o d e sb/st h r i g h to r p p ropri tfor s u i t ab l e/ ' s u : t b l / or norm| not xpetd unusuaI/,tnju:3u1/

Advrbs
b the beingffetd desite /dI'spalt/Without t hi ngm e n ti o n e d

ldioms
an awfu| Iot (of sth) lot (of sth):Thrre n wful lot o| things to do in London in th v!ngs. Un pIe s n t ' g i v e s b a h a r d ti m e to m k e sit u a t ion gve for sb hrelI or diftiult mbrrssing m hrd tim al lh inIrviw, lt h ou gh th ts th h ppen d i n s p i t e of U s d to s h 0 W you did not petit: ln spitoJ ll her hrd work, Sufiled her m. )o b bou t n t iont mak e s en s ( tod o n h ) ( u s d / t h in kit wou ld s n s i b | n d I o g i (|tod o s th) : mk sensto wit t'or whil bforemking deision. bout hpyand xited over the moon etreml sth

harater/'kiIkt/ [] personi book,story, I.. Th min hlrter in th t'ilm is bo who metsan alIn. tht h lp syOU p i of informtion lu e /klu :/[ ] q Ue stiOn, t. nswe r or rim , so|v a prob | m o.ator/ klikt:/[]on of tWOOr m0rators tog e thin r the samefilm or p ly W h o p r onflit /'knfllkt/ [] fightOr n rgumnt who workon ship, rew /k u :/[]||th p op le t, irr ft, rop irle /'kp s:kl/ [] irularre in fild bomflt:Poplest of ropsthat hs suddn| that ro ir|swer md b rturs from outrspa. dek /dk/ []one of th floorsof ship:l,m goin8 out on dek|or somfr'h ir. wheresb/sth dstination /.dstrnl.[n/[]the p|e is goin g dstrution/dI.stl^k.[n/ [U]th tionof dstroying : st st h VrDd disovery/dr'sklvri/ []th t of findingsth doument /'dkjumnt/ []n offiialpieof proofor vid n informtion, writ in g whihg iv s t.tht evidene /'vrdns/[U]th fts'signs, thtsth is tru m keyou b |ie v expIanation /,kspl nr.[n/ [](for*h/for doing thtt llsyou why fator sitution st h ) st te me nt, g iv for sth re son st h h pp n d, expIosion/Ik splu3n/ []th suddenvio|ent and I oudnoisof 5thsUhs a bomb bu rst ing i ng epIod e or noti bIprt n importnt fea t u re /'f i:tJ / [ ]

an os|On 0f sb/sth) sighting/.sartr/ []( sighting is s n wh nsb/sth or of item ent susp e ns /s'sp ns/ [U]the fe e | ing to thtou hvwh nyouf elsth i5 g oing Worry t. f or nWs, wh nyou rWiting hap p e n, theory /'0lri/ []n id or set of idstht tr|sto e p I ain sth

Vrbs
that you r sb/sth to |v abandon /'bndn/ p rmanntly r sp onsib for, | usu|| ls true thtsth Unp | easnt ad mit /d , mlt/ to agr I must admit or that yoU hvedon sth Wrong: tht I prferrdhis old fiIms to this on. ship,bus,t: l{e board /:d/t0 gt on a pIn, wvedgoodbe nd borded the ship. in are /k/ to b worriedboutor interstd sbIs|h, l don't r whthrwP aI ouI or sta in tonight. with your bodyon or rawI /kr:l/ to movslow|y or on yourhnd snd k ns to th ground' |os or hrmsth,f or eam p I e d amag/ dmrd 3/to spoiI it by b r king to deny /dr,na/ to stttht sth is n0t tru;to refus no dening\- ou dmit or ptsth: Ther's womn. nnotdeny)that sh'| butifu| to dmgsth so bdltht it n destroy/dl'str/ eists r use dor no long er no I ong be im p ossib |to sor to b om e d isapp e ar/ d I s'p r/ to find t.by srious, t0 shoWoUare angr, frown /frar-in/ y our b ov Onyourforehd mking I in s p p ar nos grin /gr-r/ to giv brodsmiIe(sotht ou show 0urt e th) to sb:lt dosn,t matter /'met/ to b importnt matter to m what ou do with our mone. illg | |and on p rson murde r/. m:d/ to ki|| pUrpos r to do sth ) t0 Use ourp ositiOn ord e r /':d /(ord sb to t lIsb to d0 sthor to sythtsth Ofauthority musthpp e n bus puzz|l plrz1lIo mksb fl onfusd st h d o snot und rstnd h /sh raise lrelzl t0 |iftsth up: plns to rais the itani out yourrm t0 try nd touh reah /ri:tJ/tO strth or gtsb/sth t. bakwrds rub lrll to movour hnd,a |oth, f sthw hi| p rssing s th surf nd forwrdon firml unIoad / ,tn'lod/to tk thingsthat havbn transportoff d or out of v hi| whispr /,wlsp/to spekvr quitlyinto sl'sr, nnothrw hty ou ar so thtoth rp op l sy! ng

Phrasal verbs
t h tst h t b ;to s yor sh oW b a k s b i sthu p t0 s U p p o rs is true: / l??going to s tl wht I think t th meting. Wi||ou bk me up? wit hsb: Ih e s b )to n d a r l t ion sh ip b r eak u p ( wi th bnd broke up lst r. r a y, W to d eaIw i t h s b to tr e a t5 b i n p rt i U| man. Nobodquite hndlsb: e's dif|lu|t knowshow t dl wiIh himto have faII bak on sb/sthto go t0 sb t0r sUpport; l hve litt|e sth tO uswhn you r in diffiu|ty; mon in th bnk to t'll bk on. Iay sth down to givsth s rul: lt's|| |id down in th rules of the lub. pik sth up 1 to gt or obtinsth 2 to g0 ad get sb/sthin r,t: WhattImr to o||t sb/sth; ou piking the hildrn up Jrom sho|? in p i |e u p ( u s u | | ys e d b o u ts th ba d)t o in re se u qUntity: Workusu|lpiles up ot this tim oJ ar. put sth frward to sUggest sth for disusston , ) to prodU tt b o u t n i d , t ak e o f f ( u s d qu i kI r or o lr p o p u | vry sussfu b o m e ly sudden r lovfor hin turn to sth to bomsIh|s: soon turned to hate.

U n it 6
Noun s
grows on m n 's b ar d/'b I d /[ ]th e h i rW h ih 's got a long br1. hks and h|n: r o omin sh ipor bo t , sma|| ab i n / 'k b n[/] sr |eps w h r ea s s e n g argo /'ko:gt-l/ [U]th goodstht r arridin a s hi po r n i r r a f t

of sth noveIs, t.whih dsrib fition / fikJn/ [U]storis, thatr not r | nd pe op I e evn t s in sth that mkesit not good flaw/flc:/ [] mistk s it tht it doe snot funtion or me ns ou gh, should. herere somf|ws in hr (lrgumnL thtsm || smok0r g s s fu m es/fiu:mzl[p|] to b re ath nd thtn b d ng e rous u n pl snt in lthlfums that thing or sitUation hope /h<.rp/ [] prson, Pleasan ou wi||h|you gtWhtoU wanI.. hel rn? You'rm lst hope. instrument /'strmnt/ []a tooIthat is Usdfor job or tsk doin g prtiuiar invstigation/r'vestr'gerJn/ []n offii| b out sitution, rime , of the fts x m intion et. Iegend/ ld3nd/ [] oId storytht m or m n ot b t rue on sm|lb ottht is rrie d lifeboa t/ 'laI f t/ [ ] t0 sap shind tht is Use d | rg o mn's m ou st a he/m, sto:J hir / thtgrows the mouthnd nos t op Iip,b tw n p rson th rimof ki||ing m u rder/' m:d/[, U] iIlga || and on p Urp ose mystery/'mIstri/[,U] thing thtou nnot r pI ain u n drstand vntsor (the)paranormaI/'pzr'n:ml/ [sing] or d si n b x pI ain b thtnnot su b,j ets mst rious for s re son d thts e mto involv supp|is of food nd rovisions/pr vI3nzl [p|] I y a I ong ;ourn y drin k,spe iaI for pieof strongmtri| tht is saiI /srl/[]a |rg fidonto ship or boat:Th wind blowsginst th sil nd moves the ship long. the whresth hppnd: sn /si:n/[]th p|ae senof th rim t. sine fition / saIns 'Ik.[n/ [U]books,trIms, n , thattakep lain th futur oft boUte V nts in sp e trv | in volving

Aditives
b hn;not aidental / ttksI'dntl/ hppening pInd:aidntal dath or intersts attrative/'tr.ktlv/tht pIass Ou; thtyou lik I ittl or no hv ing bald /b:ld/(us d b outpe op | ) hairon yourhe d w ithf ir or b out p erson) b londe /b lnnd/(use d ye ||ow hir / not forma|: asuaI/'k3ul/ (usedbout|oths) hng into sul lothesfter work. shp d b outhif u| |of ur| s; urI /. k:\il(use d lik ur| deeased/dI si:st/dd

(D

) eId er l y/ ' l d l i /( u s d b o u t personoId p/o p u | r r in popu |st f s l i a b l r |e / .[n1 at t h e tr m e et h l / l i : 0 l /th t n U s d t hor gr t d m ge: |th| Jums li8tl/'lakli/ probbIe or petd: o likl e| nation m ar i t i n e / ' m t r r ta / 0 n net ed wit ht h e sr s hr p s ,rd3d/(usd riddle.agd /'mrdl bout prson) g db e tw n 4 0 n d 6 0 y rs old mysteriris /mr'stlris/tht ou do not Undrstand o r n o t ep||n 5; tr n g e verlveigt / ov'wlt/ too havyor ft s t e!,t i { a / f ls k p tr k l /n o t wi I Iin g t o beIive t h tst h i5 t r U eor th ts b i s t | l i n g th e t ru t h srff/'skr,tli/ dirtynd untidy s ev ey /s t' v t / tr m e | b d or sriou s ) a vin g s i .i 't {t / s m o : t/( u s d b o u t p rS0nh | n and tidy pperan -, You look smrt'r ou going somwh re spil? (used s t ai g h t / s tr r t/ b o u th a ir)n ot in u rV or t n n g | e i;n s tr i g hI ttn strmg*/strInd3/ unusu| or Untd s s p i i / : s s p J sf /e | i n g t h tsb h sdoest h w r o ng , d i s h o n so tr i l | g I g l 'y /,l g l i / U n p | 5 to n t I o ok t or list n t o; n ot ttrtIV 'i l er a / tv r l n t/ v r s tr O n g n d im possib| to ontrOl: d vio||1t storm riev9" / wvi/hvingurvs; not stright .y e! ) h h i i t/ w l b r l t/( u s d bou t prsonwit strong s o l i db o d y w r i eq* / , w r l d / th i n k i n g th tst h b d m igh t h p p r h sh p p e d y *u r g i s j , t l J/q u i t o u n g /

ldioms
*n lrydon a ship or n irrft: ll the pssgrs wrsf|on bord' t ak s t h wi th i n h 0 f r a A tt o t h in kt h tst h is probbl n o t tr U o r U r t flriyed f st!/f digsth to b bordwith or nnoyedb sbAth/doing sIh |'m sik nd tired oJ Iistningto the sam thtngsgin nd gin,

PhrasalYerbs
n st h in n t iv b e i mt sth to b i n t r e s tjd w y: e,sinto surJingin big w.

U n it 7
Nouns
ad r nal i n/ d n l /[ U ] su bst n produ d in t h b o d wh ny o u r x it d' fr id or frigh t n d !i r nat; v e / : l ' t : n tr v[/ ]i t0 st h ]on e of t wo or morethingsthtyou n hOose btwn: l,4/h.ir an l ot as 0 |trtiv to mt? l i l an / b a l p l n / n r|y t pe0f pl n eW it h [ ] two stsof Wings iian /t.[:ns/ n this trip, []n opportunity: ou,ll gt th hn to go prglidtng, [:rtr/'kzkt/|] prsonin book,story, t: Th min harlter in th rt|m is bo who mtsan aIIn. harit / t.[erti/ tht olit5 []an orgistion m o n yto h | pp e o p I e wh o r poor, si k,t .or t o d o rk th ti s u uI o r o tict \

t i.i;id /k'I e nsI dns/ two or morsimi|r [ ] t h in gshpp ning t the smetime by hni ' su rprising wy i:[iti{/,krrtrk/[]a personwhosjob is to giv h is/h er op ininbout p ly'book,fi|m, e t' ilisl] eilie f sbI /'d li:t7[U]the fe |ing of ot b |i ving sil/sth ;].(remja srt /Ik stri:m sp:t/ []n iting but jump ing d n gerous sp ort, suhs b ung i]tld /1]d/ moUntof Wtr tht hs |] |rge spradfrom river, th s,et.tht overs n rwhihshouI d b d r g /g/ [ ] n tte mp to t do sth:I had o g o t |tingit for ou, jnhabita,.t /ln'hzItnt/ []a prsonor nim|tht livsin p lae j m h j e i /, d3lmb . d3 tl[ ] ve r|rg irrft t h tn rryse ve raI p s5 ng r5 hund r d iyldark / ltndm:k/ []n objet(oft bu i|ding ) n b s e n si| tht froma distn n d t h twiI lhe |ou to r og nis wh rou re fl:;'Lim /l'kJn/[]a pieor position: th ot lotion of th hot| meessity /n ssti/[]th ndfor sth;th ft t h tst h mUS t be donor musthpp n p!rt!,mt / p tju:nti/ [] hto do 5th t h tyouwouI d]iketo d o; situtin or tim in wh ihit is p ossib |e to do sththtyou wou|dI ikto do pa /pI si[ ' ususing ] th sp e e d t whihou wJ k, rUn,et.or t Whihsth hppens: inrsd his a as h got losr to hom. / plt1:m/|]th plwhereou get on itfrl or off t rins t ri|W sttion /plr/[] piof writingprformd by tors |a.1 in t h th tror , on t | V isiOn or rdio /r pl/ |] dviwith sevr] flt 1il'6r!flr pts m t | illli sl whihturn roundv rfstin ordrt o mke ship or pI mov t ise e , /kju:/[] |inof p op |ers, t,thtr w it ing for sth 0r to do sth ralr'i{.v/ /I'vju:/[]a nwspper or magZine rti|, O r n |te m0n the te |e vision in whihsb or rdio, gt ves n opinionOna n Wb ook, fi|m,p|a, I he film gol bd r vi tls,'ll I ' \ ' \' ! "it i! ,! /.g raltJ|U] / vioI e nt b hviour by rowdof pop| pl ft , | p ub|i ns prot st: Rlotlg brokout in th itaItod.vr,rtoI nlva / ,tnwI/[] |ongpieof groundwith h rdsurfe Whe re airrft tkoff d |nd1n irpo set t irlg /'s tln/[ ] th position sth is in; the p|e n d t im in whihsth hpp e ns s r , e son /s:s/ p|ep or thingwhe resth [ ] O m s or strts fromr whe resth is obtin d s! i al efr$rts /'sp.[lI tkts/[p|]unusu| or p i s it ing of tinin fi|ms or V programm tht s, re re te d b y omp ut rs or photogrph lVr to 5hOW thig5 thtd o ot u sU |]y eist hpp e ning tflrry /.tr/[,u]vygretfar t ry /t a I/[ ] n oasion wh nou try to do 5th; n ttmpt: Go on' Gie it a try! * ig /wI/| ] on of the tWOp rts tht b ird, In s t e,t,us s for flying

hJri /bk/ tO rrang to hvor do sth t prtiUIar Iime.. l bokd tabl b th window, y ourp rin, had ri /'br:d n/ to inr s knowIedge, eI.. rv|brdnsour horizons, @l. v]y /kn'V e r/ to mk thoug hts, f | ing s, 'd s, e t,knoWn to 5b iill.iae lImInIt/to [emove sb/sth tht is ot '/ wnte d or ne d d J i/fl p/ to move(sth) up n d d ow nor f romsid to sid , sp ilIin y th wi d i. ilvr /fll/ tO mOV e in a smooth d ontinuous w ay (|ik wat r) gati*r, / g/ to inrs in spd,size,fore,t: he p|ane gathrdspd. gr;li /g re b/ t0 tkesthWith 5 ud d m ov em nt il d /h d /lh di sth] to mo v ein th d irtion m tI On d /'p,tml/to hit sb^thwith both of your un.lrl |os d hndsifisLsl ll l]rt /l'lal/lo sl. l'/stlr] to n ds b / sth nd not b e b | e tO I iV or workprop r| without him / hr/ it r rai /rr'm rn/ to staOrontinue in th 5 m p |e or od iti0n llr:vl /r vi:l/ to mkesth knowthat Wssrt 0r u known be for rar /r:/to mk |oud,deep sound:Thngines rord, sre al /skri:m/to shoutor ry in loud hig hv oie be use d in p in ou refrig ht neor nw se 'it! / s tl/to g o nd I ivp e rmnnt| in 0Untr, r'town,et:n immigrntshve stt|din tht5ountr. siil /sp ln/to turnor mkesthtur roundq uik ly slis e ild/s se nd /to stopor de| y sthf or tim : ln the thotr we wi||tngl suspend disbelieJ (=t mp orriIb y |i v thtth hrtrs, t re r |l. :t*srt /tin.sp:t/ 1 to tke sb/sth from on pie to anoth r in ve hi| 2 to m k esb f e| tht p|e, h /she is in d iff r nt tim e or sitution: rhe b1ok trnsportsou to (1nothr world. tlrln.. Il. llslJ o [tJ ti o

Adjetives
:i!maz'ig /, m zr1/ v rysurp rising and d if f iuIto t b |ie vinr ; d ible nOtlI l: ;]lll . lZ l t r a /'ku:J l/ tr m | i m p Ortnt d isa i ting /'d s'p ntr /k ing m ou f e|sd b U5 5thWasnot 5god ,i nteresting , s et. 'j| 1ou hd hop e fl' 'L' ' lr|U
d |5l] o lt ll |l I

Yrbs
da'li /'dpt/ to hg bok r p|sOtht it n b mdinto piay, film,te | visiOrt progrmm, I hfiIm ws dpted Jrom novl.nu ' .].|.lptt 0i]

rf *iv /l'f ktry/ sue ssfu|p |rod y uing the rsu| t thtoUWntnotllt: lie Lt f d p/' d lp / . ', ith sl-. /nh/ d oirlg stll1 b oredor unhppy; tird of sth. l,n Jed u with witingJor th ho to rin8. giganti /d3aIgntlk/ extrem| big *ltivi/, s b lrvis/ nt notii ng or r| ising w htis hp p e ning roundyou rig ina[ /, rd3nl/ n wnd intrsting d, if f erent frmothe r5 : g ]ll of itstyp e]lt]|l O ll{"agLis /at'rld3s/tht mkesyou vr ngry or shoke d /'paofl/ hving |otof ontroI or lv;.fu:! p lt. , l, influ ne ov rothe rpe op | tltlLttl: . re aistt /'ri:'hstrk/ s sibIan e d und rstnd ing whtit is possib le to hi v in p rtiU| r situation !'jut:.,]J,li{ /rI l,tktnt/ nOtWanting to d0 sth beUs you are otsureit is the rig ht thingto d o

(@

to se /sk t8kjl/ Verimprssive spetauIar no un:s p e t | tht annOtl]e supernaturaI/ su:p'nat.[rl/ of sin: supernaturll exp|ind by th |ws hppenings in th gravard noun:terror terrifying /'trrfa/vryfrightening rlxed or uneas/,tn'i:zilworried;not f|ing omfo rtb| t o do st h bu t oft n u n w i Il i ng/l n , wI h /n o t W n ti n g f o r d t o d o i t b o th e rp o p l e or n55r vitaI /.valtl/vry importnt

U ni t 8
Nouns
fe ling of f ror worr a Ia rm/ lo:m/ [U] sudd e n appliant /':phknt/[] prsonwho mks s sth), for sth (p p litor sp ia||y form lrq u st Univ rsity, t. t o||e g , for j ob, p| appIiation/ ph'kl.[n/ []form|writtnrqust, in shoo|, |ub e , t: spei | for | job or p |e n pplition form bilityor aptitude / :ptItju:d/ [](forsth)a ntur| skill f e |ing of Worr; sththat on ern/k n's:n/ [ , U] Worry auss ountryside/ kntrisard/ [U,sing]th lnd whih is wh rthe rrfi ld s, nd iti s, w yfromtowns woods, et . who sretly evesdroppr/i:vzdropel []somon re1 ing o Whd I olhe rp op I e Ii5|nts book,nov|, t. e.book / i:buk/ []n |troni tht oUask enquir /m'kwaIri/ [] question bout sth: Poli hve been making nquiries into th wom0 n,s d isp prn' epedition /'ksp'dr.[n/ [] |ongjourneyfor os sp |pUrp | |ear ll [] flingof bingafridof sb/sth progrm tht is firewaIl / aIw:l/ [] ompUtr store d th informtion on th tO prote t dsign ed om pu t r to host /h<;st/ [] prsonwho invitsguests s mwithfood , h ous e , t,and provid th h is/h r drin k,et . tht trieSto inquest /'lkwest/ []an offiilproSS fin d ou t howsb di d for disussion or subj t prob| m issu e/'r.[ u :/ [ ] job satisfation/ d3b stIs,firkJn/ [U]the fling g tfrom d oingyourjob w |l thatOU of pIe sur you Want Wht or h iving tht thr the nrgyor brightnss light /lalt/ 1 [U,] , t.2 soln thin8 tht is fromt he sun, |mp e produ es |mp for e mpl an e I e tri Iig ht, or typ of I ights us d Iigh t in g / laltl/ [U]th qu|ity eI.: suritIighting in room,bui|ding, maternity |eave/m't:nti li:v/ [U]the priodof is awayfrom he rworkin t im wh n Womn ordr to hv a bab:to go on/tk mtrnit |v tht is donefor n tion m e su re/.m 3/ [ ] rson sp|aI or powr might /maIt/[U]gretstrength (the)Milky Wa /.mIlki: wr/ [sing] the systemof our sun nd its p |n ts, s ns t h tontins st rs brigh tbndin th nightsky sma||thn r a opyof sth,usu|ly m odel /'m od l/ [ ] modl rilw/villge th originl: nima|s, t.in n t u re/ n e itj/[U]||th p |nts, tht hap p n in it nd ll the thing s t h e u n ivrse by p op l t h ta re nOtmd or us d perentge/p sntd3/ mount, []th numbr, as if it is prtof totl rt,t.of sth,prssed p rtor shrof who| wh i his hund r d; prsonaIstatmnt/ p:snl stltmnt/[]a ab outyours |f informtion tr Iet t er ontining t h tyoU5 ndwith job p p lition pole /pol/ []eithrof th two pointst the eat Pol top nd bottomOf th erth:th North/south proportion /pr'pc:Jn/[U](of sth to 5th) prt or lrge proportion of th arth,s shr of who|e: surJeis overedb se.

0untof What reord / rek:d/ [](of sth) Writtn hs happened, been don,e|:Theompnhs an llnt sIet rord. or |ttr refrene/'rfrns/[] sttemnt s thtis o d sribing p rson,hrt rr ab ility givnto possibIe l hd to future mp|oer: suppl two ret'erns bJorethe gav m thjob. retirement /rl'talrnnt/[U]the t of stopping workingpermnn||: I didedto tk rly thn you nd retirmnt(- to stop Workr|ier to). 1 [' U] pI or n arthat is not spae /spIs/ ed ls therenough spfor m to prk thr? rth s p | nt 2 [U]th r whihsurroundthe sp trVeI nd strs: nd oth rp |ne ts term /t:m/ []1 word or grupof wordswith prtiuI r of tim e intow hih m ning 2 p riod y ris divid d or unive rsit shooI dys sevraI trek /tk/ [] long hrdw|k,|sting in I hemoun| inq or we e ks' uu|| (the)unknown /.,tnnn/ [sing] p| or thing thtou knownothing ab out

ff

Adverhs
tota||y bsoluteIy/ bslu:t1ilomp|ete|y; onsiderably/kn'sIdrbli/muh, |ot extrmeIy/rk'stri:mli/vry tait| l'fel,ilqUit;to somxtnt vry highIy/'hali/to high degree; tOs o m e t en t rat h er/'r o: /q u i te ; sIightIy/'slaItli/ litt|e feIin g, to e m p h s i se tr u |y/ 't r u : l i /( u s e d r | y ; o m p l e te | s t t m n t)

ldioms
i n you ropin ionor t h a han g eof h e a r t h n g e way tht you fI v ou ropin ionor h ang y o u r m i n d l o h n g e s b / s th d i s i 0n boUt yourfirst rason for for a strt usedto emphasise .W|l' .Wh s|h: n't we 8o on holid?, for a start we n,t aJford it., have good mind to do sth usedto Sythat ou you r n ot sUre t h i n k o u wi | |d o s th , l th o u gh njoy, t. have a good/bad,et(. time to enjo/not d o i n gs th o ur s |f of two have it both wys to hveth dvaniges h t r o f b h Vint g d i f f r ns ti tu ti o no sr W y s : o u a n 'th veit bot h i mp o s s i b |to e o m b i n Y ws. lf ou n fford to go out lI th tim, ou n Jford to p ofJ our debts. i n ad d i t i o n s we | | s wit t h s b / s thto ) b i n grem n b e i n t u n ( wi th flin gs, t . s t o h v th s m eo p i n ion s, s b / s t h; sbAth Ieavea mark on sb to hVn efftiht pop| h tim h spntin wi||notind remembr: prison lJt its mrk on him. fu lIy: of Iife I i v e l i t t l e to e n j o a | |th o p p ort u n it ie5 settling down nd I want to live 0 little bet'ore gtting mrrid. Whtsb sysWithout take sb's word for it to beIiev n p r o of

Verbs
in advertise/'edvtalIo puI informtion 0 n th W| | , on pitur n Wspp on r, t |e vision, p op | e to b uy sth,to t.in ord rto p rsud e t. inte r st th m in ne w. job, hangin prtiuIar ffet / fekt/ to mkesb/sth Wy; to influen sb/Sth (pp | (tosb/sth) to m k e for sth) ap p I y/'p1a/ formaI r qu st, usully in writin gf,or 5 thsuhs job, p |e | dt 0|| 8 UniV . rril ' r, bIme /lIm/to think or stht sb/sthis alwsb|mdher rsponsible for sth bd: |'!e's noun:b|m for th brkupof thir mrrig. ause/kc:z/to mkesth hp p e n dstroy /dl'strr/to damgsth so bdIytht it n r r use dor no I ong exists no I ong b to ern high earn /:n/to gt monyby working: 5olar enIose/rn'klozl Io pUIsth in th 5ameenvelop, pkg, Plasrturnth et.s sth e|s: onpltd Jorm, enlosing rentphotograph. to perform task exeut (progrm /'ksIk.ju:t/ d n; to showsthth t i5 usu| |hid e x pose/rk'spt'lz/ to te|lsth tht h5bn kptsrt gt more of sth to gin gain /gern/to grdully ngth/pri n onfi dn /str inorporat /rn,k:prt/to mksth prt 0f 5th ls;to hvesth as a part from sprte to pUtor keepsb/sth isolate /.alslIt/ othe rp e op l or thing s sb to motivate / mr-itIvrt/ [sbto d sth)to Us W t in prtiU|r partiipate /po:'trsrprt/ (in sth)to tak prt or be ome invo|v in d sth plan /pln/ 1 to deid, for sth or prepr orgniz yoUWnt 2 to intndor ep et to d o in lhe futur f or sth or n out| in to do sth 3 to mka d sign et. priritise lpral'etalzlIo put tasks,prob|ms, in ord rof importn so ' thaty ou n d e|w ith first th most importnt pursue /p'sju:/to do sth or try to hivsth oVr periodof time:She wishesto pursue medil arr. to join reruit /rr'kru:t/to find nWpop| t. the rm df ors, n org nistion, ompny, in or sm||r rdue /rr dju:s/to mksth |ss qUntity, pri size , , t. sk for sth request/rr kwest/ to form|l

Phrasal vrbs
et hase sth on sth to use n id, fat, sitution, Ih as t h p o i n tf r o mwh i hs th a n b dve|opd: Jilm is bsed on a tru stor. in n or b dstrod bIow (sbisth)up to xpIod h r blw up whn th door wos explosion: opend. give sth/sawy to shoW0r t||the truth bout to sth l don't \4/nt nhAb whih Wssrt: movie now that ou' given the nding w. n argumntb have sth out (withsb)to tr to stt|e b o u ti t open | d i s us si no gr r g u i n g i n f wwordst h m a in u p t d s r i b e s um (s t h) idsof wht sb hs sidor writtn:o sum up, Ihrt throIionshr'' '. th ground to |v tke off (usdboutn irrft)

s}e,tliat /,spkjulrt/ 1 to form opinionabout s t hW i th o u k t o wi g | |th e dt i|5 or f t s 2 t o bUy g Oo d sp , r o p r ty s'h r e se , t ' h opin g t o m k p r o trwh t ny 0 Us | | th m ,bUtW it ht h riskof I05| m g 0ne ,1 stalxd/st8nd/ to b o your fet'to b in verti| p o s i ti o n r : p| 2 to b e i n p r tiU| h e st l 5t d s o n th e s i teo f n n in t b t t |fi|d. 3 u sed s p e i | wi | y th i o L l]to sa yt h tsl/st h n 5u r V i Vs etho r to I e r t s b / st h wit h ou t bein gh u rtor dmgedin wy:|1ls h0rta,tstand th strinfor muh |ongr. spi / s , l a t/ t0 p r o v i d s b/st h wit hst ht h tt h ey nedo r W t: t s u p p I y rt ren t r a /t r: r p /to k ps b i n da n group| s or b d s i t u ti o f r o mwh i hh e / sh n n Os t p mlash / nn li:'[/to |t|oose strong foretht hS n f f t, u s u JIu yn p | s n t v mi s F / v n r . to [ / d i s p p e r su ddn iy or in w y t h tyo u n n o t p|ln

U ni t 9
Nouns
.'strftElil"/ strnnm/ [] prsonwho studis 5trO norny |h reed /bi:d /[ ] vri t prtiu|r of im|: a rr bred of tt| r:fu /kb/ [] tai; drivs blk b in London. n t e p. : /,t kns p t/ b siprinipI e /I []n id e ; is difJiu|tto grlsp th onptof etrnit, ue(ti,a /k k.[/|]n ssoitio or r| tionship b e twe n two or morp e op | or thing s r:mitelr /'kntkst/, in whih sth []the sitution h pp s or thtuse s sthto hp p n: is d ision onl b understoodin ontt' lla,tiou,l /'1rr'lI.[/ between [] onntton t wo t hings in whihon thinghng 5 s the oth r loes.. her is dirt orreltion bt|,n osurt th sUn d skin ner. frtlme / f:t.[u:n/ |] vr lrgmoUntOf m0n:/fe mode o fortune on th stokm(]rkt. hiltts /'hIp kmps/ |](thnil) ither of t h e t\, vo are s of the b rinthught tO b the en t r ot e moti0n nd me mory kr rvi g e / no1rd3/ und e rstnding [U]informtion, n d ski||s thtyu hveg in d through | rning or per| n lj:iir, k 'rl1 d g llJ Jlm3 itetll;t ti1!l]rT / 1o t:m .mnlri/ []prtof t h brinwh rm morie r s store d git! /lnd3ltu:d/[U]th distn of p| stor W st of |infromth NorthPo| to th Sou t hPo|e tht ssthroug h Gre e nwih in s Lon don. Longitud is me sure d in d gre s. nelxr]rY /'mmi/ [,U] prson's biIit to rm mb thing r 5 :'lr . m:t| [t] a humnb e ing marliaitioll /,nivl grJn,/ [U]1 th t of using m p, tto findourWytOsom Wh r 2 the t of s iIing bot|o g rive ror ross se *rtni.ql /'p tju:nti/ [] hnto do sth t h toUWoUI d I ikto do, sitution or tim in wh ihit is possib |e to do sththtyou wou|dlikto do: I have golden opportunit to 8o to mri now that m sistr livs thr rmge/relnd5/|] vrit of thingstht be|ong to the smegroup:Ihls sho hs wid rnge of |othes. rse r h r /rr s:tJ / who stud ie s p son [ ] su b1t r fu||y, e sp e i||y in ord rt0 disov r n c Jtll or inI o. mtion bouit t .iv / 0 raI vl/[ ] pe rson or thingthtis ompe ting wt t hyou sh iwrek/J rpr k/[, U] id t t s in whih sh ip is d e stroby d storm'roks, tnd sinks stjet /'s,tbd3Ikt;'slbd3kt/ []n re of kn ow| d gstudi d in shoo|' o|| g ,t. t h @ ! 'qg|ii /0J :t/[ ] id or opiniondi tiv:
I ll Llgh I l Ll

Verbs
:ili0jl]li" /'k\\lal/ to obtinor buy sth assL.,tn / sju:m/ to eptor biivtht sth i5trUe v nthoug h to p t 5 thto b ou hveno proof ; true ;ll 't/b i:t/to de fe t sb;to b btter thnsb :H e a|1,0s bets me 0t tnis. !:i].lliin:tralt /'konsntrlt/to givlI your ttention or ffort to sth Llll: Oll( 1 1 - . ]ti . l T s /kn'1ju:z/ to mksb unb | e to think l r|y or to k0W Wht to d o rlLr l: otlf Lt- i ' v : tLtsitl. q ]] t itm;lg iie /I , mid 3rn/ to form p itur or id ein y our mindof whtsth/sb mightb e I ik e Llrl: .0ir]'i|*rf:r] / aUtp'l:m/to hivebttrresults th sb/sth p flt / k/(us d b out b ird) to et or b itsth With its be k r.ail vi:l/ to mkesth knowntht Wssert /r.r OI unknown b for /rr w:d/ isll W tlr \th]to givsth to sb "'rryarl he /she b us hsdonesthg ood 'w ork ed hrd , t. te ll] to d istinguish /t 1/ on thingor p erson f rom nother:Z? ou tell the differene between th two versions? . t rl /t nd/to usu|l do or b sth
',', |l'' n' ' ] ,''|r | lg ' ',

Adjtivs
artivirg /ntivairs/ progrm tht protts 0mp U te r g i n 5itn 5 tr U t iOdesign s d t o u s t U Its o r d e s tr o d t mtr}ter.iiterie /km pju:t lrtt/b|eto us 0m p u t r li.]\yl5t /kn vi:nint/ suitb]e or prtiI for p r t i U | prU r p o s n ; o t usin g diffi u lt l,t'l'ied l,kn vInst/omp|t|y surboutsth r f l e t c . o n/ i r . l ktp n l k / h vin g or u sin gm n ysm || th t0n t ro| n d diret r t ss , u h s m i r o h i p s, sm|| |tri Urnt: all eletroni |u|tor flig8t /lalt/ not hvy ,t!vint /m lvlnt/ hvingor showing d s i r o r t d to y hrm tlti'tr!,t! isig'/'atu,d sarn/(on| bt'or a noun) 0n t h 0 U ts i d e i l ar/ . p o l /o f o r n e rth e N ort hor Sou t hP o| r ed uni t / l ' d l n d n t/( u sd bou tm pJoyees) no l o ng r nded f o r j o b n d t h refore oUtO fW O rk: 0 mmbr of stJf hv benmde rdundnt s f l mr it p h /], s m o : t o n / |ever, in t e||ign t p i r i s ti a te/ ds . fs i tI k I tl d/ dv n d nd om pIitd v !ney h i / e v l l n r b l / w k n d a sy t o h u rt

Adjetives
om!iarle / knmp d lrk rtrd/ d if f iuIto t und rstnd r d iwith t.:..l[sed /kn fiu:zdl not b|to thik |rl tiaftid o:fl/ silly; foolish olLnl| /d,tm/ not int |igent; stupid flircqs /,rms/ ifosLhlW|lknownto mn pe o p | g [!itiie (us d /'q , tlbl/ bout p rson) b eliv ing pe op | nd trU5ting too si lynd , thrf ore esi| triked j,i.g]triii.je / ngtlv/ onsidring onl th bd sid of sth/sb' |king e nthusism or hop e t,ami]:m /rndm/ hosnby hn rar /r /not done ,s n, hpp ning ' Vrof tn t. sig i$. iamt /sI gnrlknt/ importnt o | rg e noug h to b noti d stlarf]img / sto:tlI !/ x tr me |u nusu| nd surprising: stl i ng ontrst/d isovr gur. r a /s i:l/v rystrng ; w ith im g s m id tog thin r str]g w as i n d rem iv!rj/. vlr, I dhving / or p roduing strongI , r p ]tUr in your mind

Adverbs
ec,reP,itfl!{ / krntli/ t pr5nt, t th momnt

ldioms
hurdvi|bl, spi||y Io he|p: mergen serviswr on hand with medirll dvi. h o s 0 a to . t b wi d e l y sp r t ed; t o h vn o intersts tht you shr:er ownJriendswere pols port from his'

Advrbs
tiej/dd/ omp|te|, t| 0r Vr:Th|lIm ws ded boring. r ls . lh :, p | e /' ls w / in or t0 nothr -,i n ti m tel i Llii ra tiii / mtrrtli/ |osI onnetd/| i n ked t' aLt /r'p i|y i:tI dli/ mntim s; g aind g ai

Phrasalvrbs
4,!! B! vithsth to tind n nsweror so|ution t sIh:nginrshve ome up with nw ws of savlg enrg. |okfrw"t[ t sifliio!mg t!to Witwith p|sur for sth t hppen: / Iookforwrd to hring Jrom ou. 'i a! e s t h o l t0 s t r t o r b e g i nn h su h s n wj ob: Sh took up th post lst wek'

iv$ist /t w ]st/ n un x p thnge d or | ] dev|opm nt in storyor sitution wist ! '/;t lvI zd m/[U]the biI ity to mks nsib] disions nd judg m nts be us of our kn ow| d gor e pe ri n flloPr!{i!g !,}!rm!sf. / rv:kI ,mmi/|, U] rtof t h brinthtstor 5 informtio for shorttim

l dio ms
or th t i s n o i p|a n ed : , :. i d n t i n r v a y ..: . sd:We mt b idntat th aIrort o n sidein :: i . o nt e s tu s dt0 s Y th a t .. r .i i t i n i s s o m u hs tr o n gr t h t h or bt t r ..l hti t i s s u r to wi n s i l In t h e m ( lt t r | t d o esn 't :: 't l n t h |e a s tn o t a t a | | : :: sD t ow rds b d | i t o ut o n s b to b h v ^ j U s a bou tst h y oUa r n g r yo r u p s t

who is dmire d, pe rson h ro / h t ru/[ ] t g ood donesthdiffiuIor for having spe ia ll is ad mir d, who womn h eroin e/'h ern/ [ ] or good d onsth diffiult for hving sp i |l inteIIigene/m't1rd5ns/ [U]the bilityto l u n derst nd , rnand think a king /kr/ [](thtitIof) a man Who ru|s th 5on0r loser ltiv A kingis usuall ou n t ry. of t h form rru| r. to do sth (diffiult) knak /nrk/ []a skill or biIit You,v or yoU n |ear., tht you hventurlly got a ral knk with th smaIl hildren. tht of the atfmi|y nim| a |rge lion /.la rn / [ ] lins si.N4le f south rn nd p rts livsin Afri th irh dnd mountof hirround h v la rg n K( m ne ]. I ion Iion ess 'la rn s |(] [cm|e thtyou mon yto b uy thing s livin g/'lw /fsing ] ned in Iife:ow doeshe mk living out of laning th stret'? loalty /'1llti/[U,] strongfelingtht you want to be lol Io sb:a s oJ dividd loIties of supportfor two diffrnt (_ with strongfeelings pol,t.) auss, nephw /'nfiu:/[]th sn of your brothror s wif . s or t h son of ourhusbnd .or sist r, brothror sistr of your brothror sistr, niee /ni:s/[]the dUghtr 0r broth r or Wif . s r yourhusb nd 's t h d u ghtof siSt r prine /prns/[] son or othr|osml r|tiv of a kin gor qU e n 0r other|ose priness/'prrn'ses/[] dughter f kingor q Ue n fm ler|tive of ountry ru|e r th f ma|e qu en /kwi:n/[ ] studyof rsearh/rI s:tJ/[U] detildand rfuI b outit st ht o fin d out morinformtion a |ovffir romane /r,mitns/ [,U] sarifie /'sakrIfars/[]to give Up sth tht ls to ou in ord rto g tor do or vI ub| im port nt st ht h tse msmorimp ortnt shepherd /,Jpd/[] personwhosjob is t0 |ook aftershp job is to engineer /nd3r.nI/ [] personwhos t.on mnlne s, ngtne s, buildor r pir dsign sit bu ildin g

Ad!etives
onfliting /kn flIktr/ (usdabouttwo ids, Orto tOg thr to i st unb le t. ) storie s, b li fs, b both Iruc:onflitingmoLion l b|to thinkler| y onfuse d/kn'ju:zdnot the q uaI tt / |to r o g nis d ise rning/dr. s: lb of sb/sth bor dor unhp p y ; sb/sth) fe d up /. f d l / { with tiredof sth f terd oi gth jad e d /'d3 I drdtir / dand b ore d b rk time witho ut smthingfor a |ong to d sth,Wntlng ke n /ki:n/(nsth)v rinte re stin do sth perptive/p sptrv/quik to notieor understnd thrng s sik /sk/(Ofsb/nh)feelingbordor nnod /,mso you hvhd too mUhof sb/sth: buse sick of m job. / sur rise: or show ing fe e ling surprise d/s'p rarzd/ ws surprisdb hr retion to th sph, to do sth whih trained /trrnd/hvingbntUght p rtie or n e d d ws d i{ fiu|t to do or hv,vn or usefuI worth /w:0/enjoybl if it mnstraost,ffort'et.:lt takesa long time to limb the hill, but th viwJrom the top is worth it.

Phrasalvrbs
to a|rout |.. arr out sth to do a task, rpair, tsts/aninvest!gaon doin gst ht h t iYe s t h up / g i v eu p d o i n g s th to st O p Shegveup work to start etore: rou did regu|rly fmi|. l ik n oIdr tak e f t er sb to l o o ko r b e h v a parnl. Jams membrof our famil,espi|ly tk| aJter hisJthr. ta k s t h b a k to d m i tth ts thoUs idW sW ron g: Youd bttrtk bk what ou sid bout m ooking! d a t ou se,h ror r d: t k e s t h i n to u n d e r s t nwh I was to ti|d to take in what sh was salng. t o do or did t r s p o n sibiIit tak e s t h o n to e p sih..'s takn on lot of etr work. take to sb strtliking sblslh:t didn,t tak to Kt's nw bofrind at |l. work sth out 1 to find th nswrto sth;to soIve slh:| an't work out how to do this.2 Io |Ulat sih: I worked out the total ost.

Adverbs
Wlth in ontrst ompared /km,pd/(t sb/sth) sl/sth vr: iolI /'do1i/(inform|)

ldioms
f eI ing strong f e |i ng sb )to strt faI Iin love (lvith for sb thtyoUr seUll of de pffe tion t0 ttratd lose your mind to go rz in n unk ind make fun of sb /sthto lug ht sb/ sth wa:The older hi|drenr lws mking Jun of his ent nd tht is tk nq uik | y snp de ision d e ision thoUg ht ny arf uI oft nwithout sud d e nl' /t tionor Vent: stroke of Iuk singlesuessfu| ws stroke of luk tht | t'ound ou hr! t0 tak advntageof sth to mke us of sth W||, mkusof n 0pp 0riunit to b involved turn your bak on sb/sthto refus turned his bk on his reerand Withsb/sth: wnt to liv in the ountr.

Unit 1 0
Nouns
job is t0 t In atress/'zktrs/ [] womnwhose p l yo r f i | mo r o n t | v i s i o arranged marrige /,rrnd3d mard3/ [] t h e h u sb n d h oose i wh i hth p r e n ts mr r i g r w i f f o r th i r h i l d o f th e owf m il n d u I tm | b u II/ o l / [ ] fUnn|oth5 lown /klaon/ [] prsonWhoWrs t o m a ke an l b ig r e d n o s n d d o e ssillyt h in gs h i l dren p eo p l l u g h , s p i | |y Whoar togethr ouple / klp1/ []two pOpl a o r i n a re|a t ion sh ip: b au s th e r e m r r i d mrridoupl betwn ourtship /'kc:tJp/[]th r|ationship th eygetm rr|d bfore mn n d a W o m a n t h t is kpton nim | fm| |rg o w /k ao / [ ] milk f ar m st o p r o d u btween divide /dl'vad/[,usu sing] diffrn t h emfrom th ts p r t s of people t w o g r ou p 5 e ho th r no doubt tht Thr,s doubt /daot/ [U]unrtinty: Jn witl ring when sh's rd. bou tb f ame / f l m /[ U ]b i n gk n o wnor t |kd you h v h ivd of Wht beuse manp o p l or n Important figure /,Ig/ [] wll-known prson:d kfigur in th stor yh t is t irin g n d g r i n d /g r a I n d /[ s i n ga ] n ti v it t boringnd tht tkes |otof tim: the di|grind that oU d0 oftnnd habit /'hbrt/ []somthing st ht h a tis h rd , s p e i ||y W i th o uth t i n k i n ge al mo s t to stop doing:Don't mok o hbit oJ omtng hmso lat.

Verbs
or in ontrolling on qu er/'kok/to sue e d e t. f e lingp , robl m, w itha strong da Iin g deeive /dl si:v/tO tr to mksb blieve5ththt is n ot ru or en(ourage /In'kId5/to givhop,sUpport to sb onfidn or to mksb m mb r to b ome n roI /m 're o1/ et:|,veenrolld on an ltIta of a lub' shool, ours e|/rk'sl/to lver goodt doingsth in sth to b unsussful fai| /Il/ to do sth:yoU make /mIk/(sbdo sth)to forsb/sth n't mok hr ome with us if sh doesn'twant to. sth in ordrto promote /pr'mot/ to dvertis or mkeit p opu|r its s| s in r s Ihey or risevery quik|y: roket /'rkrt/ to inreas of thir first rokted to t'm with th re|as album. to tO mng sth) su eed/sk si:d/(innh/d oing tO do W || whtUWant; h iv

Phrasalvrbs
w ithsb sb )to d r |tionship bre ak up (lvith w lown around to t in funnyor f olish sth find sth out to disover I ook b ak (onsth)to thinkb ou tsth i oUrp st look throug hsth to r dsthquik | y sb/sth make for sb/sthto movtowrds bd make up for sth to do sth tht orrets an I mke up for the horm l've 11ow sitution: done? opt out (of sth)to hoosenot to tk prt in sth;t0 d sth to stopb inginvo|v in d id e

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