WATER HEAT EXCHANGER

Veylan a/l Krishna Kumar ME087972 University Tenaga National Jalan IK !M"UNTEN Ka#ang$ %elangor& Malaysia&

Abstract
In almost any 'hemi'al$ ele'troni'$ or me'hani'al system$ heat must (e trans)erre* )rom one +la'e to another or )rom one )lui* to another& ,eat e-'hangers are use* to trans)er het )rom one )lui* to another& ! (asi' un*erstan*ing o) the me'hani'al 'om+onents o) a heat e-'hanger is im+ortant to un*erstan*ing ho. they )un'tion an* o+erate&

2&

Key words
,eat E-'hanger$ /arallel 0lo.$ 1ounter 0lo. a*iator

a++li'ations& Units are usually mounte* verti'ally .hen 'on*ensing va+or an* mounte* hori7ontally .hen han*ling high 'on'entrations o) soli*s& /arallel 0lo.$ 8ne )lui* is in *ire't )lo. an* the other in a same *ire't )lo.& This ty+e o) )lo. is suita(le )or han*ling lo. *ensity gas$ .hi'h +asses through the 'ross )lo.$ avoi*ing +ressure loss& It 'an (e use* )or li2ui*"li2ui* a++li'ations i) one li2ui* has a 'onsi*era(ly greater )lo. rate than the other&

1.0 Introduction
! heat e-'hanger is a +ie'e o) e2ui+ment (uilt )or e))i'ient heat trans)er )rom one me*ium to another& The me*ia may (e se+arate* (y a soli* .all$ so that they never mi-$ or they may (e in *ire't 'onta't& ,eat e-'hange (et.een t.o )lo.ing )lui*s is one o) the most 'ommon an* im+ortant +ro'esses& !ny tem+erature *i))eren'e a'ross the *ivi*ing .all .ill result in the trans)er o) heat (et.een the t.o )lui* streams& In the 'ase o) %hell an* Tu(e 3ater ,eat E-'hanger$ .ater stream )lo.s through a +i+e an* e-'hange heat .ith a se'on* .ater stream that )lo.s through an annulus surroun*ing the +i+e& 3hen (oth .ater streams )lo. in the same *ire'tion$ the system is 4no.n as +arallel")lo.& ,o.ever$ the system is 4no.n as 'ounter")lo. i) the .ater streams )lo. in o++osite *ire'tion&

0or e))i'ien'y$ heat e-'hangers are *esigne* to ma-imi7e the sur)a'e area o) the .all (et.een the t.o )lui*s$ .hile minimi7ing resistan'e to )lui* )lo. through the e-'hanger& The e-'hanger9s +er)orman'e 'an also (e a))e'te* (y the a**ition o) )ins or 'orrugations in one or (oth *ire'tions$ .hi'h in'rease sur)a'e area an* may 'hannel )lui* )lo. or in*u'e tur(ulen'e& The *riving tem+erature a'ross the heat trans)er sur)a'e varies .ith +osition$ (ut an a++ro+riate mean tem+erature 'an (e *e)ine*& In most sim+le systems this is the :log mean tem+erature *i))eren'e: ;<MT=>& %ometimes *ire't 4no.le*ge o) the <MT= is not availa(le an* the NTU metho* is use*& <og mean tem+erature *i))eren'e 'an (e 'al'ulate* ?Tln @ ?T6 A ?T2 ln ?T6 ?T6 @ Tin A B Tout ?T2 @ Tout A B Tin =ue to the many varia(les involve*$ sele'ting o+timal heat e-'hangers is 'hallenging& ,an* 'al'ulations are +ossi(le$ (ut many iterations are ty+i'ally nee*e*& !s su'h$ heat e-'hangers are most o)ten sele'te* via 'om+uter +rograms$ either (y system *esigners$ .ho are ty+i'ally engineers$ or (y e2ui+ment ven*ors& To sele't an a++ro+riate heat e-'hanger$ the system *esigners ;or e2ui+ment ven*ors> .oul* )irstly 'onsi*er the *esign limitations )or ea'h heat

2.0 ody o! "a#er

There are t.o main ty+es o) )lo.s in .ater heat e-'hanger5 6& 1ounter"'urrent 0lo.5 0lui*s )lo. in o++osite *ire'tions& These are use* )or li2ui*"li2ui*$ 'on*ensing an* gas 'ooling

e-'hanger ty+e& Though 'ost is o)ten the +rimary 'riterion$ several other sele'tion 'riteria are im+ortant li4eC high/lo. +ressure limits$ thermal +er)orman'e$ tem+erature range$ +ressure *ro+s a'ross the e-'hanger$ )lui* )lo. 'a+a'ity D&et'& 1hoosing the right heat e-'hanger ;,E> re2uires some 4no.le*ge o) the *i))erent heat e-'hanger ty+es$ as .ell as the environment .here the unit must o+erate& Ty+i'ally in the manu)a'turing in*ustry$ several *i))ering ty+es o) heat e-'hangers are use* )or #ust the one +ro'ess or system to *erive the )inal +ro*u't& 0or e-am+le$ a 4ettle ,E )or +re" heating$ a *ou(le +i+e ,E )or the F'arrierG )lui* an* a +late an* )rame ,E )or )inal 'ooling& 3ith su))i'ient 4no.le*ge o) heat e-'hanger ty+es an* o+erating re2uirements$ an a++ro+riate sele'tion 'an (e ma*e to o+timi7e the +ro'ess& ,eat e-'hangers are .i*ely use* in in*ustry (oth )or 'ooling an* heating large s'ale in*ustrial +ro'esses& The ty+e an* si7e o) heat e-'hanger use* 'an (e tailore* to suit a +ro'ess *e+en*ing on the ty+e o) )lui*$ its +hase$ tem+erature$ *ensity$ vis'osity$ +ressures$ 'hemi'al 'om+osition an* various other thermo*ynami' +ro+erties& In many in*ustrial +ro'esses there is .aste o) energy or a heat stream that is (eing e-hauste*$ heat e-'hangers 'an (e use* to re'over this heat an* +ut it to use (y heating a *i))erent stream in the +ro'ess& This +ra'ti'e saves a lot o) money in in*ustry$ as the heat su++lie* to other streams )rom the heat e-'hangers .oul* other.ise 'ome )rom an e-ternal sour'e that is more e-+ensive an* more harm)ul to the environment& ! lea4ing heat e-'hanger ty+i'ally has to (e re+la'e*& Usually you re+la'e the .hole (oiler .hen you have to re+la'e the heat e-'hanger& There are some e-'e+tions$ (ut )or the most +art$ itGs sa)e to say a ne. (oiler is nee*e* .hen a heat e-'hanger lea4s& 8ne e-'e+tion might (e i) it is a 'onne'tion +ro(lem& %ometimes se'tions o) heat e-'hangers are not tightene* u+ se'urely& %ometimes gas4ets )ail& In most 'ases$ you .onGt 4no. an* shoul* *es'ri(e the lea4ing as a +otentially serious +ro(lem&

/hoto65 /arallel an* 'ounter )la.

8ne o) the most use o) heat e-'hanger in the houses the heater the ;/hoto2> sho. the 'ontent an* the 'y'le o) the heater& /hoto25 heater

).0 Conc'usion
The a*vantages o) hot .ater heating systems are that they5 1. /rovi*e even heat& 2. =o not 'reate *ra)ts in rooms$ so the rooms ten* to (e more 'om)orta(le& ). Usually 2uieter than )or'e*"air systems& *. =o not 'ir'ulate o*ors through the home li4e a )or'e*"air system& +. ,ave +i+ing that re2uires less room in .alls$ )loors$ an* 'eilings than *u'tsHthis means )e.er an* smaller (ul4hea*s (uilt into rooms& ,. Usually have (oilers that are smaller than )urna'es o) e2uivalent 'a+a'ity& ,ot .ater heating has the )ollo.ing *isa*vantages5 1. ItGs more 'ostly to install an* servi'e 'om+are* .ith )or'e*"air )urna'es&

2.1 Gra#%s& Tab'es and "%oto(ra#%s

The 'hange o) the tem+erature )or the +arallel an* the 'ounter )lo. is sho.n in ;/hoto6>$ the +er'entage in*i'ate the loss or the a(sor( o) the tem+erature&

2. ItGs more *i))i'ult to a** 'entral air 'on*itioning$ humi*i)ying$ an* )iltering e2ui+ment to a home& ). There is a greater sele'tion o) )urna'es on the mar4et than (oilers& This is es+e'ially true at the high"e))i'ien'y en* o) the s+e'trum& *. a*iators ta4e u+ more s+a'e in rooms than heating registers& +. ! lea4 in a hot .ater system usually means .ater *amage& ! lea4 in a su++ly or return *u't system *oes no *amage& The (ottom line is that .ater heating e-'hanger is a goo* system& They are .i*ely use* in s+a'e heating$ re)rigeration$ air 'on*itioning$ +o.er +lants$ 'hemi'al +lants$ +etro'hemi'al +lants$ +etroleum re)ineries$ natural gas +ro'essing$ an* se.age treatment&

*.0 Ac-now'ed(e.ent
The authors are grate)ul an* .oul* li4e to e-+ress his sin'ere gratitu*e to.ar*s his le'turer =r& %al.an %& =ihra( )or +rovi*ing invalua(le gui*an'e$ 'ontinuous en'ouragement$ moral an* te'hni'al su++orts )or this .or4& Than4s are also o.e* to .hosoever ha* 'ontri(ute* to this resear'h either in a *ire't or in*ire'tly .ay&

Re!erence
I6J %a*i4 Ka4aK an* ,ongtan <iu& Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating and Thermal Design ;2n* e*&2002>& I2J 3hite$ 0&M& F,eat an* Mass Trans)erG L !**ison"3esley /u(lishing 1o&;6988>;++& M02N M0O> IPJ ,eat E-'hangers Kevin =& a))erty$ Qene 1ulver Qeo",eat 1enter$ 699MN2006