I... Moment of Inertia.

/Second Moment of Area When assessing the strength of beams to bending the "Area Moment Of Inertia" of a beams cross section indicates the beams ability to resist bending. The larger the Second Moment of Area the less the beam will bend. The Second Moment of Area is a geometrical property of a beam and depends on a reference axis ( which is in the plane of the area). The smallest Second Moment of Area about any axis passes through the centroid. If the area is composed of an infinite number of small areas da the Second Moment of Area around an axis is the 2 sum of all these areas x (the distance of the area da from the axis) ...This is a distance from a line J.. Polar Moment of Inertia of a plane area The polar moment of inertia relates to an axis which is perpendicular to the plane of an area. If all of the area is assumed to comprise of infinitely small areas da then the polar moment of inertia is the sum 2 of all of these areas x .r r = the radius of da from the perpendicular axis - for a plane area the perpendicular axis is a point

The polar moment of inertia is the sum of any two moments of inertia about axes at right angles to each other e.g. J = Ixx + Iyy When considering solids the Polar Moment of inertia is a measure of the resistance of a mass to angular acceleration. the "Area Moment of Inertia" is analogous to the "Polar Moment of Inertia" as a measure of a beam's ability to resist torsion - which is required to calculate the twist of a beam subjected to torque the "Section Modulus" is defined as W = I / y, where I is Area Moment of Inertia and y is the distance from the neutral axis to any given fibre Polar moment of inertia is a measure of a circular beam's ability to resist torsion. It is required to calculate the twist of an beam subjected to a torque. The larger the polar moment of inertia, the less the beam will twist, when subjected to a given torque The mass moment of inertia is one measure of the distribution of the mass of an object relative to a given axis. Moment of inertia is the mass property of a rigid body that defines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about an axis of rotation. Moment of inertia depends on the shape of the body and may be different around different axes of rotation. A larger moment of inertia around a given axis requires more torque to increase the rotation, or to stop the rotation, of a body about that axis. Moment of inertia depends on the amount and distribution of its mass, and can be found through the sum of moments of inertia of the masses making up the whole object, under the same conditions.

Simply put, the moment of inertia is the "mass" component in rotational mechanics. Without this, you cannot relate the many, many variables that exist in rotational kinematics. Just one example, torque and angular acceleration are related to each other using the moment of inertia. The second moment of area is an object's resistance to torsion. One example of this is that the second moment of area is used to relate the maximum force that could theoretically be applied to an object to the area and elasticity. Without these moments of inertia, we would have no such relations and would have to calculate things like this through approximations.