Analog Electronics

Lecture -9 10-02-2014

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

PRECISION RECTIFIERS

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

PRECISION RECTIFIERS
A Half-Wave rectifier (HWR) is a circuit that passes only a positive (or only negative) portion of a wave, while blocking out other

portion.
A full-Wave rectifier, besides passing the positive portion, inverts and passes also the negative portion. The transfer characteristics is as shown below.

Half Wave rectifier

Full-Wave rectifier
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Precision Circuits
Precision Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectifier

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

V0A = V0+0.7 V

V0A = -13.0 V

Equivalent circuit of HWR during (a) Positive Half cycle (b) Negative Half cycle Disadvantage: When Vi changes from negative to positve, its output has to come out of saturation and swing all the way from -13 V to V0A Vi + 0.7 V
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Precision Circuits
Precision Half-Wave rectifier with gain

1. During positive half cycle of the input, diode D is forward biased, and the output V0= Vi( 1+R1/R2) 2. During the negative half cycle of the input, diode is revere biased, and hence the output is zero. 3. If the polarity of the diode is reversed, then we get negative cycle and positive half cycle will be clipped off.
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Precision Circuits
Precision Half-Wave Rectifier using inverting configuration

When Vi > 0, A positive input causes D1 to conduct, thus creating negative

feedback path around the opamp. Because of virtual ground point VN=0, the diode D1 clamps the output of opamp to VD1 =0.7 V D2 is off, the current through R2 is zero , hence V0 = 0 When Vi<0, a negative input causes opamp output to swing positive, thus turning D2 ON. But D1 is OFF, giving an output V0= -R2/R1 Vi.
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

The direction of current during positive half cycle

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

The direction of current during Negative half cycle

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Precision Circuits
Precision Full-Wave Rectifier

During positive half cycle V0 (Vi 2Vi ) R6 R Vi 6 R4 R4

During negative half cycle R6 R6 V0 (Vi 0) Vi R4 R4

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Positive Clippers

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Negative Clippers

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Positive Clamper

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Negative Clamper

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Peak Detectors

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Comparators and Schmitt Triggers

Comparators

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Comparators Applications
Voltage level detectors

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Comparators Applications
Zero-Crossing Detector

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Voltage Limiters

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Time Marker Generator

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

IC Comparators

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus