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General/Aetiology
chronic nail biting. Bohne et al. (2005) argue that pathologic hairpulling, skin
perspective, arguing that like self-mutilation and eating disorders, nail biting is
Teng et al. (2002) and Williams et al. (2006) both take a functional approach,
arguing, like Bohne et al. (2005), that nail biting is rewarding because it reduces
Bohne, A., Keuthen, N., & Wilhelm, S. (2005). Pathologic hairpulling, skin picking,
Teng, E. J., Woods, D. W., Twohig, M. P., & Marcks, B. A. (2002). Body-focused
Williams, T. I., Rose, R., & Chisholm, S. (2006). What is the function of nail biting:
Effects
These two papers demonstrate the negative physical effects of nail biting. Baydas
et al. (2007) discuss their finding that nail biting increases the amount of
potentially harmful bacteria in nail biters’ mouths. Krejci (2000) discusses a case
Baydas, B., Uslu, H., Yavuz, I., Ceylan, I., Dagsuyu, I. (2007). Effect of a chronic
Treatment
The following papers are seminal works in the treatment of nail biting, and other
Acetyl Cysteine as an effective drug for nail biting and related disorders, that is
response and mild aversion treatments. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34,
269-272.
Ronon, T., & Rosenbaum, M. (2001). Helping children to help themselves: A case
study of enuresis and nail biting. Research on Social Work Practice, 11, 338-
356.