Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Melissa Graves
Extension Weeds and IPM Specialist
Outline
Basic plant parts Characteristics used for plant ID Plants currently listed on the high priority list
Identifying Characteristics
Leaves
Arrangement Parts Types Shapes Margins
Identifying Characteristics
Flowers
Symmetry Shape Location
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Alternate
Whorled
Leaf Parts
Leaf type
Simple leaf
Compound leaf
Leaf shape
11
Elliptic leaf
Linear leaf
Cordate leaf
Leaf margin
13
Entire margin
Lobed margin
Dentate margin
Sinuate margin
14
Flower Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Radial Symmetry
Flower Shapes
Cruciform
Ligulate
Inflorescence Types
Corymb
Umbel
Head (capitulum)
Raceme
Helicoid cyme
Fruit Types
Achene
Silicle
Nutlet
Root Systems
Outline
Basic plant parts Characteristics used for plant ID Plants currently listed on the high priority list
Curlyleaf Pondweed
Aquatic plant, leaves submersed Leaves narrowly oblong, curly margined Leaves clasping to stem Forms dense mats
Similar Species
Dyers Woad
Bluish-green leaves with white mid-vein Flat-topped to umbrella-shaped clusters of yellow flowers 1-4 ft. tall Purplish brown to black teardrop-shaped seeds
Photos by Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
Similar Species
Tumblemustard
Unbranched lower stem, bushy upper stem Lower leaves broad and divided almost to mid-vein Upper leaves with narrow, linear lobes Flowers white to pale yellow
Oregon State University uspest.org
Similar Species
Western Wallflower (Native)
National Park Service www.nps.gov
Basal leaves spreading, linear-elliptical shaped Leaf margins toothed (dentate) Leaf surface with fine hairs Flowers bright yellow to yellow-orange Inflorescence tight, terminal raceme
Similar Species
Yellow Alyssum
Stems branching at base, 3-10 inches in height Short, narrow leaves Stems and leaves covered with fine hairs Flowers white to pale yellow Inflorescence tight, terminal raceme
Matt Lavin gemini.oscs.montana.edu
Wikipedia www.commons.wikipedia.org
Eurasian Watermilfoil
Aquatic perennial 4 whorled leaves at each stem joint >14 paired leaflets/leaf give feathery appearance Foliage does not collapse when removed from water Inconspicuous pink flowering spike above water surface Stem width twice as wide below flower spike
Native Watermilfoils
Distinguishing from Eurasian Stem width remains constant below flowering spike Sparse branching near water surface Short-spike <14 paired leaflets/leaf Whorl-leaf (western) Bracts longer than flowers
Flowering Rush
Aquatic perennial Creeping rhizomes and bulblets (not in PNW) Erect or floating leaves, 3 ft. long and inch wide Triangular cross-section Umbrella-shaped clusters of pink to white flowers with 3 petals
Knotweed Complex
Japanese, Giant, Himalayan
Separated by leaf shape and size
Hollow, smooth, jointed stems Base of stem surrounded by membranous sheath Up to 20 ft. tall (depending on species) Small greenish-white flowers in sprays
Purple Loosestrife
Height often 6-8 feet Leaves smooth margined; either opposite or whorled on stem Flowers rose-purple with 5-7 petals Inflorescence is a long terminal raceme Typically found in moist or marshy sites
Similar Species
Fireweed (Native)
Matt Lavin gemini.oscs.montana.edu University of Northern British Columbia web.unbc.ca
Up to 9 feet tall Leaves lance-shaped, up to 8 inches long Flowers rose to purple (4 petals); inflorescence a long terminal raceme Flowers have linear bracts
Rush Skeletonweed
dandelion from hell Sharp, deeply toothed rosette leaves Yellow flower Downward bent, coarse hairs on lower stem
Similar Species
Skeletonweed
Up to 18 inches tall Stems lacking hairs Leaves small, linear, upper leaves reduced to awl-like projections Flowers light purple Basal leaves absent
Brian Peterson www.tolweb.org
Scotch Broom
Woody shrub, up to 10 ft tall Bright yellow pea flowers Inflorescences terminal and axillary Trifoliate leaves, entire leaflets Seed pods only hairy on the margins
Similar Species
Striated Broom
Currently found in California and Oregon Bright yellow pea flowers Terminal inflorescence Trifoliate leaves, entire leaflets Seed pods very hairy
Similar Species
Whitespanish Broom
Currently found in California, Oregon, and Washington White pea flowers Trifoliate leaves, entire leaflets Seed pods very hairy
Similar Species
Yellow Sweetclover
Annual to short-lived perennial Found throughout the United States Yellow pea flowers Trifoliate leaves, entire leaflets Seed pods small
Photo by Steve Dewey, Utah State University
Yellow Starthistle
Annual Single yellow flower per branch -1 inch spines radiating from flower bracts Grayish-green foliage Vertical leaves along stem give stem a winged appearance
Photos by Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
Similar Species
Spotted Knapweed
Basal leaves long, very dissected Upper leaves narrow Foliage gray-green, hairy Flowers normally purple, may also be white or cream Stiff bracts with hairy margins and dark tips
Joseph M. DiTomaso www.invasive.org
Similar Species
Diffuse Knapweed
Stems rough, 1-2 feet tall Most leaves pinnately divided Flower heads narrow, may be white to purple Margins of bracts comb-like
Hydrilla
Leaves in whorls of 3-6 Leaves strap shaped, minutely saw-toothed (serrate) margins Tiny white flowers, rarely seen Reproduces by stem fragmentation and tubers Not currently found in Montana
Quiz Time
A B Which plant is purple loosestrife?
Additional Resources
Bugwood Network (http://wiki.bugwood.org/Main_Page) High Plains IPM (http://wiki.bugwood.org/HPIPM:Main_Page) Montana Extension (http:/www.msuextension.org) Montana Weed Control Association (MWCA website www.mtweed.org/ ) Schutter Diagnostic Lab (http://diagnostics.montana.edu) USDA Plants Database (http://plants.usda.gov) Weeds of the West. Whitson, T.D. et al. 2006.
Questions?
For more information contact: Melissa Graves Extension Weeds and IPM Specialist (406)994-6297; melissa.graves@montana.edu
52