KERTAS 2

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ANALYSIS OF THE 2005 - 2012 SPM PAPERS

2005 A B C -

SUBTOPIC
4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell 4.2 Carbohydrates 4.3 Proteins 4.4 Lipids 4.5 Enzymes
V .........................................................................................................

2006 A B C
1
4

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 2007 2008 2009 A B A B A B

-

2010 A B
-

2011 A B
-

2012 A B
-

Bahagian A

l M fM

Proteins

SPM 2010 Question 4

1 Diagram 4.1 shows two levels of organisation in protein structure. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua peringkat organisasi di dalam struktur protein.

Level of organisation in protein X: Peringkat organisasi dalam protein X:

Level of organisation in protein Y: Peringkat organisasi dalam protein Y:

WM
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

(a) In Diagram 4.1, name the level of organisation in the protein structures of X and Y. Pada Rajah 4.1, namakan peringkat organisasi di dalam struktur protein X dan Y. [2 marks] [2 markah] (b) Describe the structure of protein X. Huraikan struktur protein X. [2 marks] [2 markah\ (c) Diagram 4.2 shows how protein X is broken down to form products. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan bagaimana protein X diuraikan untuk membentuk hasil. Protein X
Protein X

Product
Hasil

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

Explain how the products in Diagram 4.2 are formed. Terangkan bagaimana hasil-hasil dalam Rajah 4.2 dibentuk. [2 marks] [2 markah] (d) State why animal proteins are first class protein. Nyatakan mengapa protein haiwan adalah protein kelas pertama. [1 mark] [1 markah] Silk is an example of protein. A silk garment crumples when it is washed using hot water at a temperature of 65 C. Sutera adalah suatu contoh protein. Pakaian sutera menjadi berkedut apabila dibasuh menggunakan air panas pada suhu 65C. (i) Explain the above statement. Terangkan pernyataan di atas. [3 marks] [3 markah] (ii) Based on the above statement, suggest two ways to maintain the quality of silk garments. Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, cadangkan dua cara untuk mengekalkan kualiti pakaian sutera. [4 marks] [4 markah]

MB

Enzymes

SPM 2005 Question 4 2 Figure 4.1 shows the organelles involved during the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in an animal

cell. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat semasa sintesis dan rembesan suatu enzim dalam satu sel haiwan.

Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

(a) Name the organelles labelled P and R. Namakan organel yang berlabel P dan R. P : _______________________________ R :_______________________________ [2 marks] [2 markah] (b) (i) State the function of organelle S. Nyatakan fungsi organel S. [1 mark] [1 markah]

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(ii) Explain the role of organelle Q in the synthesis of the enzyme. Terangkan peranan organel Q dalam sintesis enzim. [2 marks] [2 markah]

(c)

Enzymes are widely used in our daily life and industries. Enzim banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian dan dalam industri. Explain how enzymes act in: Terangkan bagaimana enzim bertindak dalam: (i) helping to cook meat. memudahkan kerja memasak daging. [2 marks] [2 markah] (ii) extracting agar from seaweeds. mengekstrak agar-agar daripada rumpai laut. [3 marks] [3 markah]

(d) Diagram 4.2 shows the structure of an enzyme and three substrates W, X and Y. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan struktur satu enzim dan substrat W, substrat X dan substrat Y.

Enzyme
Enzim

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

Based on Diagram 4.2, complete the schematic diagram below to show the mechanism of enzyme action on a suitable substrate. Berdasarkan Rajah 4.2, lengkapkan rajah skema di bawah bagi menunjukkan mekanisme tindakan enzim ke atas substrat yang sesuai.

Substrate
Substrat

Enzyme + Substrate
Enzim + Substrat

Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Kompleks Enzim-Substrat

Enzyme + Product
Enzim + Hasil

[2 marks] [2 markah]

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SPM 2006 Question 5

3 Diagram 5.1 shows a sequence of stages in the synthesis of an extracellular enzyme in a human pancreatic cell. The stages are labelled as Stage I, Stage II and Stage III. Stage I shows a change in the specific part of a DNA strand. The DNA strand involved contains three nitrogenous bases, CTC. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan turutan langkah-langkah dalam sintesis suatu enzim luar sel dalam selpankreas manusia. Langkah-langkah itu dilabelkan sebagai Langkah I, Langkah II dan Langkah III. Langkah I menunjukkan perubahan bahagian tertentu rantai DNA. Rantai DNA yang terlibat mengandungi tiga bes nitrogen, iaitu CTC.

Protein polypeptide molecule being synthesised

Molekul polipeptida pjrotein disintesis

Ribosome
Ribosom

: enzyme enzim ke

Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1 (a) Explain the changes that occurred in the double helix of the DNA strand during Stage I. g d Terangkan perubahan yang berlaku dalam rantai heliks ganda dua DNA semasa Langkah I. [2 marks] [2 markah]

CD Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1:

(i)

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1: State two differences between the structure of the protein polypeptide molecule and the DNA molecule. Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara struktur molekul polipeptida protein dengan molekul DNA. [2 marks] [2 markah]

(ii) Differentiate between the structures of DNA and RNA. Bezakan antara struktur DNA dengan RNA. [1 mark] [1 markah] (c) Explain how the protein formed at the ribosome is transformed into the extracellular enzyme so that g t l it can be secreted from the cell. Terangkan bagaimana protein yang terbentuk di ribosom diubah bentuk menjadi enzim luar sel supaya boleh dirembes keluar daripada sel. [3 marks] [3 markah]

[2 marks] 2 markah]

(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a gene mutation that occurs in the DNA strand containing the base sequence CTC. | Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan mutasi gen yang berlaku pada rantai DNA yang mengandungi urutan bes CTC. Before mutation DNA strand
Rantai DNA

KERTAS 3

After mutation

Amino acid determined

Asid amino yang ditentukan

1CT 1 1C 1I T 1 Glutamic acid

Asid glutamik

Sebelum mutasi

1 1C 1A 1 1Cl
Valine
Valina

Selepas mutasi

- - upas

Synthesized protein
Protein yang disintesis

I
SPM 2006 0m 1 A group o on the rtf

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2

Explain how the mutation affects the specific characteristic or trait controlled. Terangkan bagaimana mutasi ini mempengaruhi ciri atau trait tertentu yang terkawal. [3 marks] [3 markah]

Diagram The time Rajah 1.1 A fasa va*

Table 1
Jndntil 1

6.2 The Causes of Variation (Form 5) 64

KERTAS 3
ANALYSIS OF THE 2005 - 2012 SPM PAPERS
SUBTOPIC
4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell 4.2 Carbohydrates 4.3 Proteins 4.4 Lipids 4.5 Enzymes

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS
2007 2008 2009 2010

MMm

Enzymes

SPM 2006 Question 1

1 A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme. Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan ampaian albumen ke atas kadar tindak balas enzim pepsin. Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students. The time taken for the change in the cloudiness of the albumen suspension is shown in Diagram 1.2. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan kaedah yang telah digunakan oleh kumpulan pelajar itu. Masa yang diambil untuk perubahan kekeruhan pada ampaian albumen adalah ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.2. The whole experiment in Diagram 1.1 was repeated using different concentrations of albumen suspension. Keseluruhan eksperimen dalam Rajah 1.1 itu diulangi dengan menggunakan kepekatan ampaian albumen yang berbeza. Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment. Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut. ___Thermometer
Termometer

10 ml albumen suspension
10 ml ampaian albumen

Water bath 37C

Kukus air 37C

+ 1 ml enzyme pepsin 1%
1 ml enzim pepsin 1%

OBSERVATION AT THE BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENT PEMERHATIAN PADA AWAL EKSPERIMEN Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

OBSERVATION AT THE END OF EXPERIMENT PEMERHATIAN PADA AKHIR EKSPERIMEN Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

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(ii) On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension. Pada kertas grafyang disediakan, lukis grafkadar tindak balas pepsin melawan kepekatan ampaian albumen. [3 marks] [3 markah] (iii) Explain the relationship between the rate of reaction of pepsin and the concentration of albumen suspension based on the graph in l(e)(ii). Terangkan hubungan antara kadar tindak balas pepsin dan kepekatan ampaian albumen berdasarkan grafdi l(e)(ii). [3 marks] [3 markah] (f) Based on this experiment, what can you deduce about this enzyme? Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, apakah yang dapat anda rumuskan tentang enzim ini? [3 marks] [3 markah] (g) The experiment is repeated using the apparatus set up as in Diagram 1.3. The quantities of albumen suspension and pepsin enzyme used are as shown. The experiment is left for one hour. Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menggunakan set radas seperti dalam Rajah 1.3. Kuantiti ampaian albumen dan enzim pepsin yang digunakan adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan. Eksperimen dibiarkan selama satu jam.

nf----- Thermometer
^ r U! Termometer

Boiling tube
Tabung didih

20 ml albumen suspension 20%

20 ml ampaian albumen 20%

+ 1 ml boiled enzyme
1 ml enzim yang dididih

Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3

P, Q, R and S are four possible observations after one hour. Choose one correct observation and explain your choice. P, Q, R dan S adalah empat kemungkinan pemerhatian selepas satu jam. Pilih satu kemungkinan pemerhatian yang betul dan terangkan pilihan anda.

LJ

1 1
R [3 marks] [3 markah]

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SPM 2009 Question 2 2 Situation 1

Housewife A uses warm water to wash her clothes using washing liquid which contains added enzyme. The cleaning is more effective. Situation 2 Using the same washing liquid as in situation 1, housewife B uses cold water to wash her clothes. The cleaning is less effective. Situasi 1 Suri rumah A menggunakan air suam untuk membasuh pakaian menggunakan cecair pencuci yang mengandungi enzim tambahan. Cuciannya adalah lebih berkesan. Situasi 2 Menggunakan cecair pencuci yang sama di situasi 1 suri rumah B menggunakan air sejuk untuk membasuh pakaian. Cuciannya adalah kurang berkesan. Based on both situations, design a laboratory experiment to study the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme reaction. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: Berdasarkan kedua-dua situasi itu, reka bentuk satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar tindak balas enzim. Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut: Problem statement Pernyataan masalah Objective of investigation Objektif kajian Hypothesis Hipotesis Variables Pembolehubah List of apparatus and materials Senarai radas dan bahan Technique used Teknik yang digunakan Experimental procedure Prosedur eksperimen Presentation of data Persembahan data Conclusion Kesimpulan

SPM 2011 Question 1

3 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH values on the hydrolysis of starch by amylase enzyme. Several buffer solutions with different pH values were prepared. Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan nilai pH ke atas hidrolisis kanji oleh enzim amilase. Beberapa larutan penimbal dengan nilai pH yang berbeza disediakan. The following steps were carried out. Langkah-langkah berikut telah dijalankan. Step 1 2 m l of 1% amylase solution was placed into a boiling tube containing 5 m l of buffer solution at pH 6. Langkah 1 2 m l 1% larutan amilase telah dimasukkan ke dalam tabung didih yang mengandungi 5 m l larutan penimbal pada pH 6. Step 2 2 drops of iodine solution was placed into each groove on a white tile. Langkah 2 2 titis larutan iodin diletakkan ke dalam setiap lekuk pada suatu jubin putih. Step 3 3 m l of 1% of starch solution was added into the boiling tube and the stopwatch is started immediately. Langkah 3 3 ml 1% larutan kanji ditambah ke dalam tabung didih itu dan jam randik dimulakan dengan segera. '

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Masa diambil untuk larutan iodin kekal kuning direkodkan. Step 6 Steps 1 - 5 are repeated using buffer solutions at pH 5, 7, 8 and 9. Langkah 6 Langkah 1 - 5 diulang dengan menggunakan larutan penimbal pada pH 5, 7, 8 dan 9. Diagram 1 shows the materials and apparatus used in this experiment for different pH values of buffer solutions. Rajah 1 menunjukkan bahan dan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini untuk larutan penimbal pada nilai pH yang berbeza. Boiling tube
Tabung didih

Thermometer (37C)
Termometer (37C)

2 m of 1% amylase solution
2m H % larutan amilase

3 ml of 1% starch solution
3 m 1% larutan kanji

+ 5 m buffer solution
5 m l larutan penimbal

Water bath
Kukus air

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

Diagram 2 shows the observation for the experiment using buffer solution at pH 6 after 6 minutes. Rajah 2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi eksperimen yang menggunakan larutan penimbal pada pH 6 selepas 6 minit.

oo ooooo ooooo

Key:
Kekunci:

Iodine solution turned blue-black

Larutan iodin bertukar menjadi biru gelap

Iodine solution remained yellow

Larutan iodin kekal kuning

Diagram 2 Rajah 2

(a) In Table 1, list all the materials and apparatus labelled in Diagram 1. Dalam Jadual 1, senaraikan semua bahan dan radas yang berlabel dalam Rajah 1. MaterialIBahan Apparatus/Radas

Table 1
Jadual 1

[3 marks] [3 markah\

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Table 2 shows the results of this experiment. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini. pH of buffer solution pH larutan penimbal OBSERVATION PEMERHATIAN End of experiment Akhir eksperimen Time taken for iodine solution to remain yellow (min) Masa diambil untuk larutan iodin kekal kuning (min)

. minutes minit

o o ooo o o oooo o oo oo o oo oo o oooo o o oooo o oo ooo

6 minutes 6 minit

2 minutes 2 minit

. minutes minit

. minutes minit

Table 2
Jadual 2

(b) Record the time taken for iodine solution to remain yellow in Table 2. Rekod masa yang diambil untuk larutan iodin kekal kuning di dalam Jadual 2. [3 marks] [3 markah] (c) (i) State two different observations made from Table 2. Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 2. Observation 1: Pemerhatian 1: Observation 2: Pemerhatian 2: [3 marks] [3 markah]

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FORM 4

(ii) State the inferences from the observations in 3(c)(i). Nyatakan inferens daripada pemerhatian di 3(c)(i). Inference from observation 1: Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1: Inference from observation 2: Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2: [3 marks] [3 markah] (d) Complete Table 3 based on this experiment. Lengkapkan Jadual 3 berdasarkan eksperimen ini. Variable Pembolehubah Manipulated variable Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan Method to handle the variable Cara mengendali pembolehubah

Responding variable Pembolehubah bergerak balas

Constant variable Pembolehubah dimalarkan

Table 3
Jadual 3

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(e) State the hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini. [3 marks] [3 markah] (f) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment. Your table should have the following titles: Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini. Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut: pH pH Time taken for iodine solution to remain yellow Masa diambil untuk larutan iodin kekal kuning Rate of amylase activity on starch Kadar aktiviti amilase terhadap kanji Rate of amylase activity = Kadar aktiviti amilase = * Time taken for iodine solution to remain yellow [3 marks] [3 markah]

1 Masa yang diambil untuk larutan iodin kekal kuning

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(ii) Use the graph paper provided to answer this question. Using the data 3(f)(i), draw a graph of the rate of amylase activity on starch against the pH values of the mixture solution. Guna kertas grafyang disediakan untuk menjawab soalan ini. Menggunakan data di 3(f)(i), lukis graf kadar aktiviti amilase ke atas kanji melawan nilai pH bagi larutan campuran. [3 marks] [3 markah] (g) Based on the graph in 3(f)(ii), explain the relationship between the rate of amylase activity on starch and the pH values of the mixture solution. Berdasarkan grafdi 3(f)(ii), terangkan hubungan antara kadar aktiviti amilase dan nilai pH larutan campuran. [3 marks ] [3 markah] (h) State the operational definition for the hydrolysis of starch by amylase enzyme. Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi hidrolisis kanji oleh enzim amilase.
[3 marks ] [3 markah]

(i) This experiment is repeated using buffer solution at pH 7 in water bath at 20C. Predict the outcome of this experiment. Explain your prediction. Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menggunakan larutan penimbal pada pH 7 dalam kukus air pada suhu 20C. Ramalkan hasil eksperimen ini. Terangkan ramalan anda. [3 marks] [3 markah]

KERTAS 1 C 1 Answer: Ans

The plant cell membrane is composed mainly of lipid
! and ;anrl protein. The basic unit of the cell membrane is

water. Assimilation (D) is the process of changing nutrients into part of the living organism.

L4

Answer: A
Cellulose is a polysaccharide. Fructose and glucose are monosaccharides whereas sucrose is a disaccharide.

the phospholipid molecule. Other molecules present in the cell membrane are cholesterol, proteins, glycolipids and glycoproteins.

Polymerization (B) is a condensation (C) process which involves the removal of water.

shorter peptides: Polypeptides + water - > dipeptides. Reactions in response A, B and C do not happen.

molecules react to form a disaccharide molecule and a molecule of water. Dialysis (A) is the process of cleansing the blood by passing it through a dialysis machine. Hydrolysis (C) is the breaking down of a complex sugar to simpler sugars by the addition of

molecule.

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FORM 4