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St&!*t!&"l Re+!i&e#ent(
The very first place in which safety factors should be considered is in design and layout of the building and laboratory. #rrors made at this stage of the management plan can be e'tremely costly to correct. These structural safety rules involve building materials, storm damage control, fire prevention and fire fighting systems.
The laboratory should be designed to minimize any e'posure to hazardous material through its work-flow processes. !ssues to be addressed through the floor plan layout and workplace design include& The separation of nontesting functions from areas containing hazardous materials. The delivery and storage of potentially hazardous chemicals. The processing of specimen. The ventilation back-up plan. The location, ease of use, and rapid availability of any special safety e"uipment.
)ire three ingredients& an ignition source, o'ygen, and fuel. The main fire prevention strategies include keeping flammable substances in separate rooms and storage cabinets.
+andling of )lammable ,ubstances The most obvious method for preventing fire is to control the union of fuel and ignition sources.
Fi&e,Fi-htin- St&"te-ie(
-./,T01-T!./- the structure of a building, the materials used for construction, the layout plan for entrances and e'its, and the storage of flammable materials are major deterrents to a fire. uilding codes generally re"uire a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hrs. for walls around high risk areas. )!0#-)!3+T!/3 #41!*%#/T- construction of the building re"uired fire-resistant building materials, automatic sprinklers, self-closing doors, and fire hydrants. .ther re"uired fire-fighting an protective e"uipment are fire e'tinguishers, fire blankets, and bulk material.
T0A!/!/3 A/5 *0A-T!-#- orientation and in-service training should cover all aspects
of the fire plan, with individual hands-on training in the use of fire e'tinguishers, fire blankets, emergency eyewash and shower stations, and fire isolation techni"ues. )re"uent and comprehensive drills in identifying fires, sounding the alarm, fighting fires, and evacuating according to emergency plans, with training in assisting patients and injured co-workers, should be conducted.
Ele*t&i*"l S"fet%
Two major hazards in the laboratory& 678 physical harm from shocks or burns when a person comes into contact with an electrical source and 628 dangers from fire caused by heat and sparks generated by malfunctioning wiring or e"uipment.
Che#i*"l H"'"&d(: He"lth H"'"&d, carcinogens, to'ic or highly to'ic agents, reproductive
to'ins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatoto'ins, nephroto'ins, neuroto'ins, agents that act on the hematopoietic system, and agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
M"te&i"l S"fet% D"t" Sheet(, A document detailing safety information about each
hazardous substance must be available to employees at all times in an obvious and easily accessible location. The common format for the preparation of an %,5, lists each safety topic in separate sections, beginning with the product name, the manufacturer, important phone numbers to call for emergency information, the effective and review dates, and the signature of the person preparing the sheets.
5anger rating key& ; < none 7 < minor 2 < moderate = < severe > < e'treme
+%!, 6+azardous material identification system8 rating of the /ational *aint and -oating Association commonly used for industrial compounds is similar to the /)*A. !t adds a **# code, ranging A to 9.
Th&ee $oint( th"t (ho!ld 3e #onito&ed to en(!&e " ("fe 4o&) en i&on#ent:
Time-weighted average 6T$A8 - level of e'posure a worker may e'perience during a normal ? hr. workday or a >;-hr. week. ,hort-term e'posure limits 6,T#(8 - the ma'imum concentration level a person may be e'posed to for a short period. -eiling 6-8 the level above which is no e'posure permitted at any time in areas where hazardous chemicals are used.
#mployees should receive training in the proper body mechanics and availability of lifting apparatuses to avoid injuries. The safe operation of machinery and e"uipment is crucial. -ompressed gas may pose a threat if tanks are not securely anchored during used of storage. 0adioactive material re"uires special training, monitoring, and safety e"uipment if used in "uantities above the levels established by the government agencies, specifically the re"uirements set by the nuclear regulatory commission 6/0-8.