IEEE Standards

IEEE 802.1 IEEE 802.2 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.4 IEEE 802.5 IEEE 802.6 IEEE 802.8 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.14 IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.15.1 IEEE 802.15.2 IEEE 802.16

Bridging (networking) and Network Management LLC Ethernet Token bus Defines the MAC layer for a Token Ring MANs (DQDB) Fiber Optic TAG disbanded Wireless LAN (WLAN) & Mesh (Wi-Fi certification) Cable modems disbanded Wireless PAN Bluetooth certification IEEE 802.15 and IEEE 802.11 coexistence Broadband Wireless Access (WiMAX certification)

Common Port Numbers 21 FTP 23TELNET 25 SMTP 69 TFTP -UDP

80 HTTP 143 IMAP 194 INTERNET RELAY CHAT (IRC) 443 SECURE HTTP (HTTPS) 520 RIP UDP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) DHCP discovery DHCP offer DHCP request DHCP acknowledgement DHCP information DHCP releasing

Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.

 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Internet message access protocol (IMAP) is a protocol for e-mail retrieval. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a protocol for live interactive Internet text messaging (chat) or synchronous conferencing. Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over IP networks Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distancevector routing protocols, which employs the hop count as a routing metric. RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from the source to a destination. The maximum number of hops allowed for RIP is 15. This hop limit, however, also limits the size of networks that RIP can support. A hop count of 16 is considered an infinite distance, in other words the route is considered unreachable. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks.

 Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for secure data communication, remote command-line login, remote command execution, and other secure network services between two networked computers that connects, via a secure channel over an insecure network, a server and a client (running SSH server and SSH client programs, respectively) Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite (IP), and is so common that the entire suite is often called TCP/IP. TCP provides reliable, ordered, error-checked delivery of a stream of octets between programs running on computers connected to a local area network, intranet or the public Internet. It resides at the transport layer. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core members of the Internet protocol suite (the set of network protocols used for the Internet). With UDP, computer applications can send messages, in this case referred to as datagrams, to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network without prior communications to set up special transmission channels or data paths.

 Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is used by network devices, like routers, to send error messages indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a telecommunications protocol used for resolution of network layer addresses into link layer addresses, a critical function in multiple-access networks. ARP was defined by RFC 826 in 1982.[1] It is Internet Standard STD 37. It is also the name of the program for manipulating these address Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link protocol commonly used in establishing a direct connection between two networking nodes. It can provide connection authentication, transmission encryption (using ECP, RFC 1968), and compression. Network Address Translation (NAT) is designed for IP address conservation. It enables private IP nletworks that use unregistered IP addresses to connect to the Internet. NAT operates on a router, usually connecting two networks together, and translates the private (not globally unique) addresses in the internal network

into legal addresses, before packets are forwarded to another network. Protocol data unit (PDU) has the following meanings: Information that is delivered as a unit among peer entities of a network and that may contain control information, such as address information, or user data. In a layered system, a unit of data which is specified in a protocol of a given layer and which consists of protocol-control information and possibly user data of that layer Protocol Data Unit (PDU) The Layer 1 (Physical Layer) PDU is the bit or, more generally, symbol (can also be seen as "stream") The Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) PDU is the frame The Layer 3 (Network Layer) PDU is the packet The Layer 4 (Transport Layer) PDU is the segment for TCP, or the datagram for UDP

Characteristics of transport layer protocols TCP and UDP port numbers are used by application layer protocols. TCP uses windowing and sequencing to provide reliable transfer of data.

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol.

Description of a router memory type and its contents ROM is nonvolatile and contains basic diagnostic software. RAM is volatile and stores the IP routing table.