ODE Chapter 7 A Assignment

7-1 Use the Wronskian to determine whether or not the following sets of functions are linearly independent or linearly dependent te t , e t (g) {sin(t ), cos(t ), sin( 2t ) } (a) 2 2 (b) 3t , t , 2t 2t (h) t , ln(t ), e t (c) cos( 2t ), sin 2 (t ), 1 (i) te t sin(t ), e t sin(t ) 1 1 1 (d) t 2 e t , te t , e t (j) , , 2 t +1 t 1 t 1 1 1 (e) (k) sin(t ), sin(3t ), sin 3 (t ) , t + 1 t 1 (f) {cos(2t ), sin(t ), 1 }

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7-2

Decide whether or not the following sets S are fundamental sets of solutions to the given differential equation (a) S = e t , e 3t , te 3t , y 5 y + 3 y + 9 y = 0 (b) S = e t , e 5t sin(t ), e 5t cos(t ) , y + 9 y + 16 y 26 y = 0 (c) (d) (e) (f)

{ } { } S = {e , e }, y + 7 y + 14 y + 8 y = 0 S = {e , e , e , te }, y 11 y + 29 y + 35 y 150 y = 0 S = {e , e }, y y 6 y = 0 S = {cosh( 2t ), e , e }, y 4 y = 0
t 2 t
3t

2 t
3t

5t

5t

( iv )

2t

2t

2 t

7-3

Can 1, t , t 2 , 2t 8 be the fundamental set of solutions to a constant coefficient fourth order linear ODE? Can e t , e t , cos(t ), sin(t ), sin( 2t ) be the fundamental set of solutions to a constant coefficient fifth order linear ODE? Can e 2t , e t 4 , e t cos(t ), e t sin(t ) be the fundamental set of solutions to a constant coefficient fifth order linear ODE? Can e 2t , e t 4 , e t , te t , t 2 e t be the fundamental set of solutions to a constant coefficient fourth order linear ODE?

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7-4

7-5

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7-6

ODE A7 - 1

7-7

Can e 2t , e t 4 , e t cos(t ), e t sin(t ) be the fundamental set of solutions to a constant coefficient fourth order linear ODE? Can e 2t , e t 4 , e t cos(t ), e t sin(t ) be the fundamental set of solutions to a constant coefficient fourth order linear ODE?

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7-8

7-9

In the following problems verify that the functions y1 ( x ) and y 2 ( x ) are solutions of the given differential equation. Determine the values of x for which y1 and y 2 (and y 3 ) are linearly independent. (a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f) (g)

y 3 y + 2 y = 0, y1 ( x ) = e x , y 2 ( x ) = e x e 2 x , y 4 y + 4 y = 0, y1 ( x ) = e 2 x , y 2 ( x ) = ( 2 x 3)e 2 x y 9 y = 0, y1 ( x ) = sinh(3 x ), y 2 ( x ) = e 3 x , y 3 ( x ) = cosh(3 x )

y + 9 y = 0, y1 ( x ) = sin(3x ), y 2 ( x ) = cos(3x ) x 2 y 3 xy + 4 y = 0, y1 ( x ) = x 2 , y 2 ( x ) = x 2 ln( x ) y 4 y + 13 y = 0, y1 ( x ) = e 2 x sin(3 x ), y 2 ( x ) = e 2 x cos(3 x ) y 6 y + 12 y 8 y = 0, y1 ( x ) = e 2 x , y 2 ( x ) = xe 2 x , y 3 ( x ) = x 2 e 2 x

ODE A7 - 2

Answers to ODE Chapter 7 A Assignment 7-1 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Independent Dependent Dependent Independent Independent Independent (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) Independent Independent Independent Dependent Dependent

7-2

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

A fundamental set of solutions. A fundamental set of solutions. Not a fundamental set of solutions because there are not enough functions. A fundamental set of solutions. Not a fundamental set of solutions as e 2t is not a solution. Not a fundamental set of solutions as they are not linearly independent.

7-3

No, they are not linearly independent.

7-4

No, the sin( 2t ) solution comes from a root of 2i of the characteristic equation. Since the coefficients of the characteristic equation are real, this means that -2i is also a root, and then the characteristic equation must have 6 roots, which is impossible for a degree 5 equation.

7-5

No, there are not enough functions for a fundamental set of solutions.

7-6

No, there are too many functions. The set indicates that the characteristic equation has 5 roots, which is impossible for a degree 4 equation. Yes. The root of the characteristic equation would be 2, 1 , 1 i. 4 No, the functions e t cos(t ) and e t sin(t ) point to two non-conjugate solutions to the characteristic equation. Hence the characteristic equation would have to have 6 solutions which is impossible for a fourth order equation. (a) < x < (d) < x < 2 12 (g) x 4 (b) < x < (e) x 0 (c) x = (f) < x <

7-7

7-8

7-9

ODE A7 - 3