X(j)

q(j)

0,0089

0,102587

0,1661

0,325038

0,5194

0,575364

0,9162

0,861566

1,0007

1,195674

1,291

1,597015

1,5507

2,099644

1,6001

2,772589

1,847

3,79424

10

3,5343

5,991465

4
3
d(j)

Order

2
1
0
0

q(j)

Order

Ln[x(j)]

q(j)

15

-2,52573

-0,39821

30

-1,89712

0,531261

-4,60517

-2,26019

16

-2,40795

-0,33438

31

-1,89712

0,601332

-4,60517

-1,80274

17

-2,40795

-0,27188

32

-1,7148

0,67449

-3,91202

-1,55878

18

-2,30259

-0,21043

33

-1,7148

0,751452

-3,91202

-1,38299

19

-2,30259

-0,14976

34

-1,60944

0,833147

-3,91202

-1,24187

20

-2,30259

-0,08964

35

-1,60944

0,920823

-3,50656

-1,1219

21

-2,30259

-0,02985

36

-1,60944

1,016222

-2,99573

-1,01622

22

-2,30259

0,029845

37

-1,20397

1,1219

-2,99573

-0,92082

23

-2,30259

0,089642

38

-1,20397

1,241867

-2,99573

-0,83315

24

-2,30259

0,149762

39

-1,20397

1,382994

10

-2,99573

-0,75145

25

-2,30259

0,210428

40

-1,20397

1,558784

11

-2,99573

-0,67449

26

-2,30259

0,27188

41

-0,91629

1,802743

12

-2,65926

-0,60133

27

-2,20727

0,334377

42

-0,91629

2,260189

13

-2,52573

-0,53126

28

-2,12026

0,398209

14

-2,52573

-0,46371

29

-1,89712

0,463708

0
-3

-2

-1

ln(x)

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

q(j)

The following graphs were obtained using SPSS program. It shows the same Q-Q plot that we saw
in class, but with the axis changed. X axis is the observed value, while Y axis is the expected value for
normal distribution (which is, in fact, the same way of thinking for the quantile values).

Covariance Matrix generated using SPSS

Indep

Supp

Benev

Conform

Leader

Indep

34,750

-4,277

-18,072

-15,973

5,716

Supp

-4,277

17,513

,420

-7,868

-8,723

Benev

-18,072

,420

29,845

9,349

-13,942

Conform

-15,973

-7,868

9,349

33,043

-9,942

5,716

-8,723

-13,942

-9,942

26,958

Leader

Mahalanobis
Distance
Properly
ordered

Qc,5 (j)

0,395811166

13

1,788155781

1,578424

14

1,85557732

1,641759

15

1,952805012

1,703476

16

2,027528089

1,763775

0,368465

17

2,062915781

0,44959732

1,822825

0,589888

18

2,067385012

1,136681935

1,88077

0,73884

19

2,114118858

1,153181935

1,937731

0,859603

20

2,120374243

1,196261935

1,993816

0,964415

21

2,145138858

1,201560396

2,049118

1,058716

22

2,172275781

1,434665012

2,103719

1,145476

23

2,176389627

1,439425012

2,157692

1,226523

24

2,241835781

1,551680396

2,211102

1,303071

25

2,290028089

10

1,565420396

2,264007

1,375976

26

2,300089627

11

1,627829627

2,316461

1,445868

27

2,321989627

12

1,672505012

2,368512

1,513226

28

2,404731166

2,420204

29

2,470429627

2,471578

70

4,710061935

4,609371

30

2,516668089

2,522671

71

4,737341935

4,668251

31

2,634175781

2,573518

72

4,821901935

4,727757

32

2,643720396

2,624152

73

4,854854243

4,787916

33

2,67865732

2,674603

74

4,89412655

4,84876

34

2,737129627

2,724899

75

4,93193732

4,910317

35

2,761714243

2,775068

76

4,933178858

4,97262

36

2,761969627

2,825135

77

4,952368089

5,035703

37

2,845560396

2,875124

78

4,990089627

5,099601

38

2,866218858

2,925059

79

4,990271166

5,164351

39

2,88628655

2,974962

80

4,997972704

5,229991

40

3,130523473

3,024854

81

5,123625012

5,296563

41

3,204289627

3,074757

82

5,14316655

5,364109

42

3,439418858

3,12469

83

5,189663473

5,432677

43

3,448011166

3,174673

84

5,247540396

5,502313

44

3,51260655

3,224724

85

5,293783473

5,57307

45

3,516260396

3,274863

86

5,293838858

5,645002

46

3,600812704

3,325107

87

5,358354243

5,718167

47

3,696898858

3,375476

88

5,546549627

5,792627

48

3,77520655

3,425985

89

5,728820396

5,868448

49

3,79787732

3,476654

90

5,74618655

5,9457

50

3,819754243

3,527499

91

5,757463473

6,02446

51

3,821160396

3,578539

92

5,93094655

6,104808

52

3,881831166

3,62979

93

5,964734243

6,186832

53

3,892125012

3,681269

94

5,975691166

6,270627

54

3,92637732

3,732995

95

5,988632704

6,356294

55

3,970745012

3,784985

96

6,13166655

6,443943

56

4,021358858

3,837257

97

6,320221935

6,533695

57

4,033143473

3,889829

98

6,34286655

6,62568

58

4,100811166

3,942718

99

6,407925012

6,720039

59

4,14009732

3,995944

100

6,515334243

6,81693

60

4,159751166

4,049526

101

6,545329627

6,916522

61

4,173518858

4,103482

102

6,698920396

7,019004

62

4,185375781

4,157833

103

7,14892655

7,124585

63

4,211400396

4,212598

104

7,22750655

7,233494

64

4,271128089

4,267798

105

7,432292704

7,345989

65

4,474692704

4,323454

106

7,64457732

7,462357

66

4,524121935

4,379589

107

7,752241935

7,582921

67

4,539551166

4,436224

108

7,783812704

7,708044

68

4,604165012

4,493383

109

7,789331166

7,838139

69

4,611949627

4,551091

110

7,888160396

7,973677

111

7,892589627

8,115199

121

9,416992704

10,07721

112

8,068735781

8,26333

122

10,5746804

10,37082

113

8,115632704

8,418798

123

10,89556347

10,69869

114

8,121715781

8,582456

124

11,02650809

11,0705

115

8,158803473

8,755319

125

11,06254347

11,50074

116

8,329211166

8,938599

126

12,1871804

12,01261

117

8,47498655

9,133766

127

12,28442809

12,64682

118

8,516860396

9,342629

128

13,91379424

13,4854

119

8,953209627

9,567439

129

14,68106809

14,73885

120

9,190628089

9,811061

130

15,05044809

17,37175

20
18
16

Square distance

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Q

0
0

10

12

14

16

Q-Q plot for Independence and Leadership with their respective transformations