I. Explain the process of each of the following: 1.

Steam Cycle it is used Steam is generated from the boiling water with the application of heat. The steam is then confined to generate steam pressure energy. 2. Purification of F.O and L.O Uses a purifier which separates impurities and water from fuel oil. In the Engine room, both fuel oil and lubricating oil requires treatment before passing the engine. The process involves storage and heating for quality purification. The purifier uses centrifugal force(force that seems to pull a rotating or spinning object away from a center). The concept of this centrifugal force is that, denser object is thrown outside the center of force thus water and solid impurities are separated. 3. Combustion Cycle (2 and 4 Stroke) In two-stroke engine, the duration of a stroke is shorten instead of allowing each of these operations to occupy a full stroke. In the two-stroke cycle, the fuel mixture or air enters the combustion chamber when the piston is fully withdrawn from the cylinder. The compression stroke follows, and the charge is ignited when the piston reaches the end of this stroke. The piston then moves outward on the power stroke, uncovering the exhaust port and permitting the gases to escape from the combustion chamber. While in four stroke engine is a complete power cycle (Intake, Compression, Combustion,

Exhaust). In the first part of the cycle, the piston moves down, this stroke draws in air through the intake valve at the top of the cylinder. In the second part of the cycle, the intake valve closes and the piston rises. The air is first compressed and fuel is injected directly into the cylinder at the end of the compression. Combustion occurs during the third stroke. the mix of fuel and air ignites spontaneously because the air became much hotter when it was compressed. The resulting explosion pushes the piston back as the burning gas expands. The gases left by the burned fuel are pushed out of the cylinder as the piston rises again. An exhaust valve at the top of the cylinder opens to let the fumes escape. When the valve closes, the piston can move down to start the intake cycle again.
4. Refrigeration

Refrigeration, process of lowering the temperature and maintaining it in a given space for the purpose of chilling foods, preserving certain substances, or providing an atmosphere conducive to bodily comfort. This employ four elements in the refrigeration cycle: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. In the evaporator the refrigerant is vaporized. The vapor next is drawn into a motor-driven compressor and elevated to high pressure, which raises its temperature. The resulting superheated, high-pressure gas is then condensed to liquid in an air- or water-cooled condenser. From the condenser the liquid flows through an expansion valve, in which its pressure and temperature are reduced to the conditions that are maintained in the evaporator.
5. Air Conditioning It has the same process with the refrigeration but differs only in the construction of the system. In Air conditioning system, the blower is in front of the evaporator. While in refrigeration, the blower is at the back of the evaporator.

6. Compress Air Uses air compressors which decreases the volume and increases the pressure of a quantity

of air by mechanical means. Compressed air possesses great energy because when the external pressure is removed, it expands rapidly. Air compressors are of two general types: reciprocating and rotating. In a reciprocating, or displacement which is used to produce high pressures, the air is compressed by the action of a piston in a cylinder. A rotating air compressor used for low and medium pressures, usually consists of a bladed wheel or screw type that spins inside a closed circular housing. Air is drawn in at the center and accelerated by the centrifugal force of the spinning blades. The energy of the moving air is then converted into pressure, and the compressed air is forced out through a narrow passage to the storage tank. As air is compressed it is also heated. Air molecules tend to collide more often with each other in a smaller space, and the energy produced by these collisions is evident as heat. This heat is undesirable in the compression process, so the air may be cooled on the way to the reservoir by circulating air or water. For high-pressure compressed air, several stages of compression may be employed, with the air being further compressed in each cylinder and cooled before each stage.

II. Enumerate: 1. Types of Pumps positive-displacement pump centrifugal pump 2. Types of Compressors reciprocating compressor rotary screw compressor 3. Types of Heat Exchangers

III. Problem Solving: 1. RPM: 60 mins. = 165570/ 23 hrs = / 60 mins = rpm Propeller Pitch converted to NM (Nautical Miles) 5340mm = x = 0.002883 or 0.003 NM