Roller Stem Sometimes well deviations become so great that the wireline tools simply will not fall

in the tubing. Roller stem can be used in highly deviated wells to reduce the friction of the tools lying on the low side of the tubing and to improve tool string performance. Roller stem is made by milling slots in a piece of standard wireline stem and putting rollers in the slots that turn on an axle. These rollers are usually made of a plastic material such as Teflon, but are also sometimes made of brass. The rollers hold the stem away from the tubing wall and allow the tools to literally roll down the side of the tubing instead of having to slide.

Tubular, Hydraulic & Mechanical Detent Jars

Tubular Jars Tubular jars ( Figure 1 operations. are used in place of the lin! "ars in some wireline

Figure 1

They are made from a tube or cylinder that slides over a mandrel to deliver the "arring impact. They are especially useful when fishing in a well that has or may have small pieces of wire or "un!, which could easily foul the mechanism of lin!#type "ars. Hydraulic Jars $ydraulic "ars ( Figure % are used by the wireline specialist to deliver a harder "arring blow upward on stuc! tools or subsurface controls than can be delivered with mechanical "ars.

Figure 2

&sed primarily for fishing operations, the hydraulic "ars are usually placed in the tool string assembly directly below the stem and above the mechanical "ars. The hydraulic "ars can be used only to "ar upward. The hydraulic "ars consist basically of a mandrel with an integral piston that is housed in a fluid#filled barrel called the middle body. The barrel has a stepped '( with the lower end of the barrel being smaller than the upper end. )hen closed, the piston slides into the smaller end of the barrel. The fluid is bypassed through an internal chec! valve to allow the piston to move down inside the smaller '(. )hen a strain is pulled on the wireline, the close tolerance between the piston of the mandrel and the small '( of the middle body allows the mandrel to move upward only very slowly as the fluid is bypassed between the piston and the middle body. *nce the larger '( of the middle body is reached by the piston, the fluid is bypassed rapidly, allowing the mandrel to travel upward at a suddenly increased velocity until the mandrel stri!es the upper end of the middle body, delivering a "arring blow upward. The force of the blow is determined by the stem weight used and the strain pulled on the wireline to activate the "ars. The balance piston housed in the lower end of the middle body is free to move up and down as needed to e+uali,e the internal pressure of the "ars to the wellbore pressure. Mechanical Detent Jars -nother type of "ar sometimes used for fishing operations is mechanical in design. This design re+uires that the operator preset the pull that activates the "ars at the surface before they are run in the well. .ecause they are mechanical in design the

"ars will release and deliver the upward "ar as soon as the strain sufficient to trigger the "ars is applied to the wireline. This design is favored by some specialists because the +uic!er reaction time of the "ars allows more "arring to be done in the same time span as compared to the hydraulic "ars. These "ars usually consist of a mandrel and a detent#type release mechanism. The movement of the release mechanism is opposed by a spring which is ad"ustable. The greater the spring tension, the more pull re+uired to activate the "ars.

Tubing End Locator The tubing end locator ( Figure 1 is used to locate the bottom of a tubing string.

Figure 1

*n the trip into the well, the latch arm is held up by, and rides against, the tubing wall. -s the tool passes the lower end of the tubing, the latch spring forces the latch out to a position perpendicular to the tool. )hen lifted, the latch lodges against the tubing end, and the pull on the wireline increases noticeably. The depth measurement at this point is the tubing end. &pward "arring shears the pin holding the latch out, allowing it to hang vertically as the tool is withdrawn from the tubing.

Collar Stops and Tubing Stops *ccasionally an operator needs to have a temporary base on which to wor! within the tubing string. This may be needed to precisely position a tubing perforator or a pac!off. /ollar stops, such as the *tis F collar stop ( Figure 1 are set in the collar recesses of 0& and 1& tubing.

Figure 1

The springs on the F collar shown in the figure stop are used to hold the shoulders of the collet retracted while the stop is run in the tubing. )hen the stop is pic!ed up into the desired collar, the springs are tripped. 2arring down sets the stop. The stop is pulled with an S. pulling tool. Tubing stops use steel slips to grip the inner tubing wall, allowing them to be set anywhere in the tubing (except connections . /ollar stops and tubing stops do not seal off in the tubing, so there is no pressure isolation from above or below the stops. They simply provide a temporary, retrievable base for wor!.