Pengertian, Jenis dan Contoh Adverbial Clause A.

Pengertian Adverb Clause

Adverb Clause terdiri dari dua kata yaitu Adverb and Clause adverb adalah : kata keterangan yang menerangkan verb (kata kerja) dan adjective (kata sifat), clause adalah : anak kalimat. Jadi adverb clause adalah anak kalimat yang menerangkan kata sifat dan kata kerja dan berfungsi sebagai adverb. Adverb clause adalah terdiri dari delapan macam: seperti: Adverb clause of time, Adverb clause of place, Adverb clause of number, Adverb clause of menner, adverb clause of reanson, adverb clause of result, adverb clause of condition, dan adverb clause of contrast . Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya). Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain: 1. Clause of Time Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll. Contoh: Shut the door before you go out. You may begin when(ever) you are ready. While he was walking home, he saw an accident. By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. No sooner had she entered than he gave an order. 2. Clause of Place Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll. Contoh: They sat down wherever they could find empty seats The guard stood where he was positioned. Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest. Go where you like. 3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession) Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll. Contoh: As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard. Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on. Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer. He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student. 4. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll. Contoh: He did as I told him. You may finish it how you like. They may beat us again, like they did in 1978. 5. Clause of Purpose and Result Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll. Contoh: They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats. She bought a book so (that) she could learn English He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation. I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon. 6. Clause of Cause and Effect Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik. Contoh: Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record. It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim. The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more. The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class. Contoh: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team. I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one. Contoh: He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now. The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat. Contoh: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors. It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down. Contoh: She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her. They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one. Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble. This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:

1.Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll Contoh: Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather) Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather) Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold) 2.Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, in as much as Contoh: Because he was sleepy, he went to bed. Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert. As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie. Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote. 3.Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently. Contoh: Alex failed the test because he didn't study. Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test. Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test. Catatan: Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara: 1)Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be). Contoh: a.ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend. b.MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend. 2)Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing. Contoh: a.ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast. b.MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast. Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama. Contoh: 1. DAPAT DIRUBAH While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep. While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep. Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADISince coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep. While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us. 7. Clause of Condition Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll. Contoh: If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow. She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her. Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss. In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once. The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once. We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

B. Jenis-Jenis Adverb Clause

1. Adverb Clause of Reason Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebab atau alasan. Adverb clause of reason di awali dengan konjungsi (penghubungnya) adalah : as/ since/ because/ whereas/ on the ground that. Example: - Is I love you, I can do anything for you. - Since she has a desire to marry, she discontinued her studing. - I stopped the work because I was tired. - Whereas I came late, My father punishet me. - His teacher punishet him on the grand that, he came late.

2. Adverb Clause of Result Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hasil perbuatan atau akibat. Adverb clause of result di awali dengan konjungsi so that, so + adjective + that, so + adverb + that, so. Example: - Nadhavi was so beautiful that I loved her at first sight. - He studies so hard that many studienst like him.

3. Adverb Clause of Condition Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kondisi. Adverb clause of condition di awali dengan konjungsi if/ unless/ whether/ provided that and so long as. Example:

- If you help me, I shall be happy. - Unless you tell her about your love, she wont know it - You must do this wheter, you like it or not - I ean help you provide that you must follow my advice - So long as you work hard, you have no problem with me 4. Adverb Clause of Contrast Adverb Clause of Contrast adalah sebuah anak kalimat yang menerangkan bertentangan. Adverb Clause of Contrast diawali dengan konjungsi: although, eventh ough, though, whet eyer, no matter, however much, not with standing that. Example: a. I still no money although I worked hard b. Eventhough hehates me, he lend me the bock c. Though he is rice, he never give me the money d. Whatever he has done, he is your father e. No mather what she sald, I still love her f. She will never succed however much he may try g. He was not refreshed not with standing that he had spent 2 weeks leave.

Adverb Clauses
An adverb may be a single word such as quickly, here or yesterday (see the page Adverbs), or a phrase such as the day before yesterday or to see my mother (see the page Adverb Phrases). However, adverbs can also be clauses, containing a subject and a full verb. This page will e plain the basic types of adverb clauses (sometimes called !adverbial clauses!) and how to recogni"e them.

Adverbs, adverb phrases, and adverb clauses

#oo$ at these sentences% & saw the movie yesterday. & saw the movie on Friday. & saw the movie before I left for Calgary. &n the first sentence, 'yesterday( is a one)word adverb, 'on *riday( is an adverb phrase, and 'before & left for +algary( is an adverb clause. All of them answer the ,uestion '-hen.(, but the adverb clause has a subject ('&() and a full verb ('left(). &t is introduced by 'before(, so it is

a dependent clause. This means that it cannot stand alone% '/efore & left for +algary( would not be a full sentence. &t needs a main clause ('& saw the movie(). An adverb clause, then, is a dependent clause that does the same job as an adverb or an adverb phrase.

Types of adverb clause

There are many types of adverb clauses. Here are some e amples of the most common types%

Type

Question answered

Example

Place Time +ause Purpose +oncession +ondition

-here. -hen. -hy. (-hat caused this.)

-herever there are computers, there is 0icrosoft software. After the fruit is harvested, it is sold at the mar$et. & didn1t call her because &1m shy.

-hy. (-hat was the reason 2he too$ a computer course so that for doing this.) she could get a better job. -hy is this une pected. 4nder what conditions. Although 3ay has a 0aster1s degree, he wor$s as a store cler$. &f you save your money, you will be able to go to college.

As you can see from the e amples above, most adverb clauses can be recogni"ed because they are introduced by a particular word or phrase (such as !when! and !so that!). These words and phrases are called subordinating con unctions, and there are many of them, including these% after, before, until, while, because, since, as, so that, in order that, if, unless, whether, though, although, even though, where -hen you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the e ercises.

Pengertian Adverbial Clause Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan arti atau maksud dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya). Jenis-Jenis Adverbial Clause:

Clause of Time Clause yang artinya waktu. iasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as.

Contoh: - While he !as !alking home, he sa! an accident. " y the time # arrive, $oni !ill have left.

Clause of Place Clause yang artinya tempat. iasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever.

Contoh: " %hey sat do!n wherever they could find empty seats " Where there is poverty, there !e find discontent and unrest.

Clause of Contrast (or Concession) Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan . iasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time.

Contoh: " As the time you !ere sleeping, !e !ere !orking hard. " &e is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

Clause of Manner Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan

atau peristiwa terjadi. iasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction kata penghubung! seperti as, how, like, in that. Contoh: &e did as # told him. 'ou may finish it ho! you like. %hey may beat us again, like they did in ()**.

Clause of Purpose and Result Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud"tujuan dan hasil. iasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case.

Contoh: %hey !ent to the movie early in order! to find the best seats. +he bought a book so that! she could learn ,nglish

Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian

peristiwa! yang berhubungan. iasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti i#$ even i#$ unless$ in the even that$ or in even that$ in case$ provided that!$ providing that!$ on condition that$ i# only$ suppose that!$ supposing that!. Contoh: #f # see him, # !ill invite him to the party tomorro!.

+he !ould forgive her husband everything, if only he !ould come back to her.

Parts of a Sentence: The Adverb Clause

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A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. Some clauses are dependent: they can't stand alone and need an independent clause, or sentence, to support them. These dependent clauses can be used in three ways: as adjectives, as adverbs and as nouns. This article focuses on adverb clauses.

What is an adverb clause?

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that acts as an adverb. That is, it modifies the verb in a sentence in the same way an adverb does: Then the puck flew past the goalie into the net. adverb of time, modifying flew! When Joe hit the puck, it flew past the goalie into the net. adverb clause of time, modifying flew!

What words are signs of an adverb clause?

Adverb clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. The most common conjunctions used in adverb clauses are listed below, according to the type of clause they introduce: Cause: as, because, since Since the rain washed out the bridge, we'll have to cross on foot. Comparison: a s"as, than #ohn sings better than I do. Condition: if, provided that, unless, whether $'ll go to the barbecue if you can give me a lift home.

Concession: although, even though, whereas, while Even though Eric arrived late, he still got a seat. Manner: as, as if, as though Place: where, wherever Take this map with you wherever you go. Purpose: in order that, so that %atalia closed the gate so that the llama would not stray. Time: after, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, while Until l called, $ e&pected to spend the evening at home.

When does an adverb clause need commas?

The use of commas with an adverb clause depends on the position of the clause and its degree of importance. 'hen placed before the independent clause, an adverb clause takes a comma after it: When I hear the song (Spanish )yes, ( $ always feel like dancing.

'hen placed in the middle of the independent clause, an adverb clause generally acts as an interrupter and re*uires a pair of commas one before and one after!: +y cousin, because she en!oys travelling, goes on a cruise every winter.

'hen placed after the independent clause, an adverb clause may or may not re*uire a comma, depending on whether it is essential to the meaning of the sentence. )ssential clauses don't take commas: The package came after you left.

,ere, the adverb clause after you left identifies the time the package was delivered, so it is essential to the meaning of the sentence. -or that reason, it must remain closely attached to the independent clause and is not set apart by a comma. %ote that clauses introduced by until and the conjunctions of comparison than and as"as are always essential: They took shelter in the cave until the storm ended. #orge is taller than #reg is!. %o one can play that sonata as skillfully as $arsha does!.

%on.essential clauses need commas: The package came at /:01, after you left.

,ere, the phrase at %&'( identifies the time the package was delivered. The adverb clause after you left is merely additional information that is useful but not essential. Therefore, the clause is set off by a comma. %ote that clauses beginning with although, even though, though and whereas are always non.essential: 2isa won the pri3e, even though although, though! the competition was stiff. 4ara wanted to paint the room blue, whereas )aul preferred green.

Combine the sentences in each set below by turning the sentence(s) in bold into an adverb clause. egin the adverb clause with an appropriate subordinating conjunction. !hen you are done, compare your new sentences with the sample combinations on page two, keeping in mind that multiple combinations are possible. "#ample$ Sailors wear earrings. The earrings are made of gold. Sailors always carry the cost of a burial. They carry the cost on their own bodies. Combination %$ So that they always carry the cost of a burial on their bodies, sailors wear gold earrings. Combination &$ Sailors wear gold earrings so that they always carry the cost of a burial on their bodies. 1. It is unlikely that Cleopatra actually committed suicide with an asp. The species is unknown in Egypt.

2.

The boy hid the gerbil. No one would ever find it.

3.

Our neighbors installed a swimming pool. The pool is in their backyard. They ha e gained many new friends.

!.

"y parents and I watched in awe. #e watched on a hot $ugust e ening. Erratic bolts of lightning illuminated the sky. The bolts of lightning were from a distant storm.

%.

Benny played the violin. The dog hid in the bedroom The dog whimpered.

&.

'atural rubber is used chiefly to make tires and inner tubes. It is cheaper than synthetic rubber. It has greater resistance to tearing when wet.

(.

!eruvian woman finds an unusually ugly potato. She runs up to the nearest man. She smashes it in his face. This is done by ancient custom.

).

Credit cards are dangerous. They encourage people to buy things. These are things that people are unable to afford. These are things that people do not really need.

*.

I kissed her once. I kissed her by the pigsty. She wasn"t looking. I ne er kissed her again. She was looking all the time.

Some day I shall take my glasses off. Some day I shall go wandering. I shall go out into the streets. I shall do this deliberately. I shall do this when the clouds are heavy. I shall do this when the rain is coming down. I shall do this when the pressure of realities is too great. ,ere we-ll practice building sentences with ad erb clauses. .ike an ad/ecti e clause, an ad erb clause is always dependent on 0or subordinate to1 an independent clause. .ike an ordinary ad erb, an ad erb clause usually modifies a erb, though it can also modify an ad/ecti e, an ad erb, or e en the rest of the sentence in which it appears. $d erb clauses show the relationship and relati e importance of ideas in our sentences. #rom $oordination to Subordination Consider how we might combine these two sentences2 The national speed limit was repealed. 3oad accidents ha e increased sharply. 4ne option is to coordinate the two sentences2 The national speed limit was repealed, and road accidents ha e increased sharply. Coordination with and allows us to connect the twomain clauses, but it doesn-t clearly identify the relationship between the ideas in those clauses. To clarify that relationship, we may choose to change the first main clause into an ad erb clause2 Since the national speed limit was repealed% road accidents ha e increased sharply. In this ersion the time relationship is emphasi5ed. 6y changing the first word in the ad erb clause 0a word called a subordinating con/unction1, we can establish a different relationship77one of cause2 Because the national speed limit was repealed% road accidents ha e increased sharply. 'otice that an ad erb clause, like an ad/ecti e clause, contains its own sub/ect and predicate, but it must be subordinated to a main clause to make sense.

1+.

$ommon Subordinating $on&unctions $n ad erb clause begins with a subordinating con/unction77an ad erb that connects thesubordinate clause to the main clause. The subordinating con/unction may indicate a relationship of cause, concession, comparison, condition, place, or time. ,ere-s a list of the common subordinating con/unctions2 $ause as because in order that since so that "#ample$ 8I-m not a egetarian because I lo e animals. I-m a egetarian because I hate plants.8 0$. #hitney 6rown1 $oncession and $omparison although as as though e en though /ust as though whereas while "#amples$ 89ou will find that the State is the kind of organi5ation which, though it does big things badly, does small things badly, too.8 0:ohn ;enneth <albraith1 8It is a waste of energy to be angry with a man who beha es badly, &ust as it is to be angry with a car that won-t go.8 06ertrand 3ussell1 $ondition e en if if in case pro ided that unless "#ample$ 8If you ha e e er lain awake at night and repeated one word o er and o er, thousands and millions and hundreds of thousands of millions of times, you know the disturbing mental state you can get into.8 0:ames Thurber1 !lace where where er "#ample$ 83ead o er your compositions, and wherever you meet with a passage which you think is particularly fine, strike it out.8 0Samuel :ohnson1 Time after as soon as as long as before

once still till until when whene er while "#ample$ 8 s soon as you trust yourself, you will know how to li e.8 0:ohann #olfgang on <oethe1 !ractice in Building Sentences with dverb $lauses These fi e short e=ercises in sentence combining will gi e you practice in de eloping sentences with ad erb clauses. >ollow the instructions that precede each set of sentences. $fter you ha e completed the e=ercise, compare your new sentences with the sample combinations on page two. 1. Combine these two sentences by turning the second sentence into an ad erb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating con/unction of time2

2.

In a :unction City diner, a sunburned farmer comforts his s?uirming son. ,is wife sips coffee and recalls the high school prom.

Combine these two sentences by turning the second sentence into an ad erb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating con/unction of place2

3.

@iane wants to li e somewhere. The sun shines e ery day there.

Combine these two sentences by turning the first sentence into an ad erb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating con/unction of concession or comparison2

4.

#ork stops. A=penses run on.

Combine these two sentences by turning the first sentence into an ad erb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating con/unction of condition2

5.

9ou-re on the right track. 9ou-ll get run o er if you /ust sit there.

Combine these two sentences by turning the first sentence into an ad erb clause beginning with an appropriate subordinating con/unction of cause2

Satchel Baige was black. ,e was not allowed to pitch in the ma/or leagues until he was in his forties.