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All ionic solids are neutral in solution! SALTS THAT PRODUCE NEUTRAL SOLUTIONS Type of Salt
- Cation of a Group 1 or Group 2 element (except Be) from a strong base - Anion is from a strong acid
Examples
Explanation
Neither of the ions acts as an acid or a base. There are no reactions of ions with water.
pH of the Solution
Neutral
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction of an ion with water to produce an acidic solution (by producing hydronium ions) or a basic solution (by producing hydroxide ions). SALTS THAT PRODUCE BASIC SOLUTIONS Type of Salt - Cation of a Group 1 or Group 2 element (except Be) from a strong base - Anion is from a weak acid Examples
Example Problem 1: Calculate the pH of a 0.35 mol/L solution of sodium methanoate, NaCHO2(aq). [NaCHO2] = 0.35 mol/L pH = ?
Step 1: Figure out what is Happening in Solution Entities in Solution: NaCHO2, Na+, CHO2-, H2O Na+ is a cation from a strong base and dissociates completely in water CHO2- is an anion from a weak acid, and reacts with water to form OHStep 2: Write an Equilibrium Reaction Equation and an Equilibrium Constant Expression
Step 3: Determine the value of Kb. Look up the Ka value for the weak acid produced HCHO2 Kw = KaKb Kb = Kw/Ka Kb = 1.0 x 10-14/1.8 x 10-4 Kb = 5.556 x 10-11 Step 4: Use an ICE Table to determine the initial and equilibrium concentrations. Use the Hundred Rule. CHO2-(aq) 0.35 -x 0.35 x HCHO2(aq) 0 +x x + OH-(aq) 0 +x x
Check to see if we can simplify our expression with the hundred rule: [CHO2-] = 0.35 = 6.30 x109 -11 Kb 5.556 x 10 We can simplify the change in [N2H4], so that 0.35 x 0.35
I C E
SALTS THAT PRODUCE ACIDIC SOLUTIONS Type of Salt - Cation is a conjugate acid of a weak base - Anion is from a strong acid Examples
Example Problem 2: Calculate the pH of 0.525 mol/L solution of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl(aq). The Kb value for ammonia, NH3(aq) = 1.8 x 10-5 (Work out the answer on a separate sheet of paper)
HYDROLYSIS OF AMPHOTERIC IONS Amphoteric compounds and ions act as both Brnsted-Lowry acids and bases. The acidity/basicity of a solution of the amphoteric ion is bases on the size of the K a of the acid hydrolysis equilibrium (anion) and the Kb of the base hydrolysis equilibrium (cation). If the: Ka>Kb = solution will be Ka<Kb = solution will be (See example of Page 537) HYDROLYSIS OF METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC OXIDES (basic oxides) react with water to produce basic solutions. Oxides are slightly soluble in water but they react with water and change the pH of solutions. Example 3: CaO(s) + H2O(l) (acidic oxides) react with water to form acidic solutions. Example 4: A solution is made by bubbling NO2(g) in water. Predict whether the solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral. Explain your answer. NO2 + H2O Ka = Kb = solution will be
HOMEWORK: Read Pages 531-513 and do Questions #2-3, 4ace, 5 on Page 539