8.

6 ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF SALT SOLUTIONS

OVERVIEW OF SALTS IN SOLUTION PREVIOUS MISCONCEPTION THE TRUTH An _____________________ is a substance (an ionic salt) that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water. Acidic salts dissolve in water to increase the concentration of ___ Basic salts dissolve in water to increase the concentration of ____ Neutral salts dissolve in water, but produce neither ____ nor ____

All ionic solids are neutral in solution! SALTS THAT PRODUCE NEUTRAL SOLUTIONS Type of Salt
- Cation of a Group 1 or Group 2 element (except Be) from a strong base - Anion is from a strong acid

Examples

Explanation
Neither of the ions acts as an acid or a base. There are no reactions of ions with water.

pH of the Solution
Neutral

(Refer to Ka values to help you determine the strength of an acid)

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction of an ion with water to produce an acidic solution (by producing hydronium ions) or a basic solution (by producing hydroxide ions). SALTS THAT PRODUCE BASIC SOLUTIONS Type of Salt - Cation of a Group 1 or Group 2 element (except Be) from a strong base - Anion is from a weak acid Examples

Example Problem 1: Calculate the pH of a 0.35 mol/L solution of sodium methanoate, NaCHO2(aq). [NaCHO2] = 0.35 mol/L pH = ?

Step 1: Figure out what is Happening in Solution Entities in Solution: NaCHO2, Na+, CHO2-, H2O Na+ is a cation from a strong base and dissociates completely in water CHO2- is an anion from a weak acid, and reacts with water to form OHStep 2: Write an Equilibrium Reaction Equation and an Equilibrium Constant Expression

Step 3: Determine the value of Kb. Look up the Ka value for the weak acid produced HCHO2 Kw = KaKb Kb = Kw/Ka Kb = 1.0 x 10-14/1.8 x 10-4 Kb = 5.556 x 10-11 Step 4: Use an ICE Table to determine the initial and equilibrium concentrations. Use the Hundred Rule. CHO2-(aq) 0.35 -x 0.35 x HCHO2(aq) 0 +x x + OH-(aq) 0 +x x
Check to see if we can simplify our expression with the hundred rule: [CHO2-] = 0.35 = 6.30 x109 -11 Kb 5.556 x 10 We can simplify the change in [N2H4], so that 0.35 x 0.35

I C E

Step 5: Determine the value for x and convert this value to pH

SALTS THAT PRODUCE ACIDIC SOLUTIONS Type of Salt - Cation is a conjugate acid of a weak base - Anion is from a strong acid Examples

Example Problem 2: Calculate the pH of 0.525 mol/L solution of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl(aq). The Kb value for ammonia, NH3(aq) = 1.8 x 10-5 (Work out the answer on a separate sheet of paper)

HYDROLYSIS OF AMPHOTERIC IONS Amphoteric compounds and ions act as both Brnsted-Lowry acids and bases. The acidity/basicity of a solution of the amphoteric ion is bases on the size of the K a of the acid hydrolysis equilibrium (anion) and the Kb of the base hydrolysis equilibrium (cation). If the: Ka>Kb = solution will be Ka<Kb = solution will be (See example of Page 537) HYDROLYSIS OF METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC OXIDES (basic oxides) react with water to produce basic solutions. Oxides are slightly soluble in water but they react with water and change the pH of solutions. Example 3: CaO(s) + H2O(l) (acidic oxides) react with water to form acidic solutions. Example 4: A solution is made by bubbling NO2(g) in water. Predict whether the solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral. Explain your answer. NO2 + H2O Ka = Kb = solution will be

HOMEWORK: Read Pages 531-513 and do Questions #2-3, 4ace, 5 on Page 539