Windows XP in a Nutshell David Karp Tim O'Reilly Troy Mott

Publisher: O'Reilly
irst !dition "pril #$$# %&'N: $()*+($$#,*(-. +/, pa0es

Full Description
This compact and comprehensive book systematically unveils what resolute users of the new Windows XP operating system will find interesting and useful, with little-known details, utility programs, and configuration settings all captured in a consistent reference format. A hands-on guide, Windows XP in a Nutshell cuts through the hype and gives practical details you can use every day. t!s written by "avid A. #arp, the best-selling author whose no-nonsense $Annoyances% books and web site &Annoyances.org' have helped thousands of users solve problems and improve their e(perience with Windows). The co-author is none other than Tim *!+eilly, founder of *!+eilly , Associates, whose books have revolutioni-ed computer book publishing with their commonsense approach and depth of detail. At the heart of the book is a .//-plus-page reference section titled 0Windows XP Applications and Tools,0 containing1

"etailed information on most of the commands and utilities available with Windows XP, including 2tart 3enu accessories, command prompt tools, hidden system administration utilities such as the +egistry 4ditor, 3icrosoft 3anagement 5onsole, and Tweak6 . A comprehensive 0Where to 7ind t80 section designed to give Windows 9(:3e and Windows ;T:./// users a guide to the XP counterparts to previously familiar features, plus information on installing and upgrading. The Task and 2etting nde(, which provides users with <uick access to locations of the hundreds of settings in Windows XP, organi-ed alphabetically. A complete reference to the command prompt-- not only covering the basics of the command line and the different ways to use it, but also the advanced commands and scripting features at Windows XP=s disposal.

Packed with numerous tips and tricks, while warning of potential pitfalls, Windows XP in a Nutshell enables anyone to get the most out of all the resources available in XP.

Windows XP in a Nutshell by David A. Karp, Tim O' eilly, Troy !ott This errata pa"e lists errors outstandin" in the most re#ent printin". $% you have te#hni#al &uestions or error reports, you #an send them to boo'te#h(oreilly.#om. Please spe#i%y the printin" date o% your #opy. This pa"e was updated )uly *+, ,--,. .ere's a 'ey to the mar'up/ 0pa"e1number2/ serious te#hni#al mista'e 3pa"e1number4/ minor te#hni#al mista'e / important lan"ua"e5%ormattin" problem 6pa"e1number7/ lan"ua"e #han"e or minor %ormattin" problem 8pa"e1number8/ reader &uestion or re&uest %or #lari%i#ation

9on%irmed errors/ 6Pa"e *:7 ;ome o% the #allouts in <i"ure ,1= are wron". The arrows in the pi#ture %or items >?, >@, and >+ should be #han"ed as %ollows/ ?. should point to the "ray area between the s#rollbar thumb 6#urrent >?7 and the down arrow 6>:7 @. should point to the s#rollbar thumb 6#urrent >?7 +. should point to the up arrow 6#urrent >@7 Pa"e ,* The last senten#e in the 6:7 Arayed1out 6ina#tive7 #ontrols para"raph should read/ B$n the dialo" boC shown in <i"ure ,1:, the #urrently sele#ted s#reensaver doesn't have any appli#able settin"s, so the ;ettin"s button is disabled.B Pa"e *,= e%eren#e to AppendiC 9 should be to 9hapter ?. Pa"e *?* At the end o% the %irst para"raph, B9omp.eCeB should be B%#.eCe.B Pa"e ,-@ The word B;everalB shouldn't be #apitaliDed. Pa"e ,** *st para"raph, *st senten#e/ BthenB should be BthanB Pa"e ,=E The teCt Bnew valuesB should not be set apart in a mono1spa#ed %ont Pa"e ,EThe B;ystem PropertiesB se#tion is out o% order 6alphabeti#ally7. Pa"e F,: BWindows !essen"eB should be BWindows !essen"erB Pa"e =@, <ourth para"raph, %irst line/ Bit'sB should be BitsB Pa"e :-:

$n tip >@, BTry somethin" new with !y 9omputer,B there's a step missin". $n order %or this tip to wor', you'll also need to navi"ate to .KGHI9JA;;G;I OOTK 9J;$DK 3,-D-=<G-1FAGA1*-?E1 A,D+1-+--,LF-F-ED4K shell and #han"e the 6de%ault7 value to open. Pa"e :*@ The showhello #ode eCample should read as %ollows/ ;ub showhello6str!essa"e, str!essa"e,7 Ws#ript.G#ho str!essa"e M B B M str!essa"e, Gnd ;ub showhello B.elloB, BWorldB Pa"e :,@ The #ode eCample near the top o% the pa"e should read as %ollows/ 'display a popup with yes5no buttons and &uestion mar' i#on ;et obN;hell O 9reateObNe#t6BWs#ript.;hellB7 intPalue O obN;hell.Popup6BDo you wish to #ontinue8B,,,F?7 'test i% the Hes button was sele#ted $% intPalue O ? 'do somethin" Gnd $% Pa"e ::: The %irst para"raph on this pa"e dis#usses the missin" !y 9omputer i#on on the des'top, but the tip immediately %ollowin" is wron". $nstead, it should read as %ollows/ BLy de%ault, the !y 9omputer i#on is not shown on the Windows XP des'top, but it's there i% you need it. Ao to 9ontrol Panel 1Q Display 1Q Des'top tab 1Q 9ustomiDe Des'top and turn on the !y 9omputer option.B Pa"e :+, Althou"h the alphabeti#al listin" o% %ilename eCtensions is not intended to in#lude every eCtension in eCisten#e, the %ollowin" eCtensions should've been in#luded here/ .pot PowerPoint Template .pps PowerPoint Presentation that opens into slide show .ppt PowerPoint Presentation 6do#ument7 .pst Outloo' personal %older %ile

Windows XP in a Nutshell
Pre1a2e 3onsiderations and &2ope Or0ani4ation o1 the 'oo5 We'd 6i5e to 7ear 1rom 8ou Windows XP Resour2e 6in5s "25nowled0ments %: The 'i0 Pi2ture -9 The 6ay o1 the 6and -9- The 'i0 Pi2ture -9# What's New in Windows XP -9/ Windows XP 7ome and Pro1essional !ditions -9, Windows :pdate #9 :sin0 Windows XP #9- The Des5top #9# Point and 3li25 Operations #9/ &tartin0 :p "ppli2ations #9, &tyles and 3onse;uen2es o1 &tyles #9) Windows and Menus #9+ Keyboard "22elerators #9< 3ommon 3ontrols #9= iles. olders. and Dis5s #9* The 3ommand 6ine #9-$ Online 7elp #9-- &huttin0 Down %%: "lphabeti2al Re1eren2e /9 The :ser %nter1a2e "ddress 'ar 'uttons 3he25bo>es 3lipboard 3ombo 'o>es 3onte>t Menus 3ontrol Menus Des5top Details Dialo0 'o>es Drop(Down 6istbo>es ile Open?&ave Dialo0s %2ons %nput ields 6abels 6istbo>es 6o0 O11 Menus My 3omputer My Networ5 Pla2es Noti1i2ation "rea Pro0ress %ndi2ators Properties Radio 'uttons

Re2y2le 'in Run &2roll 'ars &end To &hort2uts &hut Down &tart Menu &tatus 'ar &ystem Tray Tabbed Dialo0s Tas5bar Te>t 'o>es Title 'ars Toolbars Tray Trees Turn O11 3omputer Windows ,9 Windows XP "ppli2ations and Tools ,9- :sin0 the 3ommand Prompt ,9# "lphabeti2al Re1eren2e to Windows 3omponents "22essibility Options "22essibility Wi4ard "2tivate Windows "2tive 3onne2tions :tility "dd 7ardware Wi4ard "dd or Remove Pro0rams "ddress 'oo5 "dministrative Tools "t "ttrib 'a25up 'oot 3on1i0uration Mana0er 3abinet @3"'A Ma5er 3al2ulator 3hara2ter Map 3hat 3h5ds5 3h5nt1s 3lipboo5 Biewer 3ommand Prompt 3omponent &ervi2es 3omputer Mana0ement 3onne2tion Mana0er Pro1ile %nstaller 3ontrol Panel 3reate &hared older Date and Time Properties DD! &hare Devi2e Mana0er Dire2tX Mana0ement Tool Dis5 3leanup Dis5 De1ra0menter Dis5Part Display Properties Dr9 Watson Driver Beri1ier Mana0er

DriverCuery !vent Biewer !>plorer "T to NT & 3onversion :tility a> 3onsole a> 3over Pa0e !ditor ile 3ompare @2ompA ile 3ompare @12A ile !>pansion :tility ile and &ettin0s Trans1er Wi4ard in0er older Options ont Biewer onts older or2eDO& ormat ree3ell TP Dame 3ontrollers Droup Poli2y Re1resh :tility 7earts 7elp and &upport 3enter 7yperTerminal %!>press %nternet 'a250ammon %nternet 3he25ers %nternet !>plorer %nternet 7earts %nternet Reversi %nternet Options %nternet &pades Eava 3ommand(6ine 6oader Keyboard Properties 6abel 6o2al &e2urity Poli2y 6o0o11 Mi2roso1t 3hat Mi2roso1t Ma0ni1ier Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole Mi2roso1t NetMeetin0 Minesweeper Mouse Properties Ms0 M&N !>plorer M&N Damin0 Fone My 3omputer My Networ5 Pla2es Narrator Net Netstat Networ5 3onne2tions Networ5 &etup Wi4ard New 3onne2tion Wi4ard Notepad N&6oo5up NT & 3ompression :tility NT & !n2ryption :tility

ObGe2t Pa25a0er OD'3 Data &our2e "dministrator On(&2reen Keyboard Open iles Outloo5 !>press Paint Pentium 'u0 3he25er Per1orman2e 6o0 Mana0er Per1orman2e 6o0s and "lerts Phone and Modem Options Phone Dialer Pinball Pin0 Power Options Printers and a>es Private 3hara2ter !ditor Produ2t "2tivation Pro0ram Mana0er Cuery Pro2ess Re0ional and 6an0ua0e Options Re2y2le 'in Re0istry 3onsole :tility Re0istry !ditor Remote "ssistan2e Remote 3opy Remote Des5top 3onne2tion Route Rundll/# Run "s &2anners and 3ameras &2heduled Tas5s &2heduled Tas5s 3onsole &e2urity Template :tility &end a a> &ervi2es &hutdown &i0nature Beri1i2ation Tool &olitaire &ound Re2order &ounds and "udio Devi2es &pee2h Properties &pider &olitaire &C6 &erver 3lient Networ5 :tility &tart Menu &ubst &yn2hroni4ation Mana0er &ystem Properties &ystem 3on1i0uration !ditor &ystem 3on1i0uration :tility &ystem %n1ormation &ystem Restore Tas5 Mana0er Tas5bar and &tart Menu Properties Tas55ill Tas5list Telnet Telnet "dministrator

Tra2ert :ser "22ounts :tility Mana0er Bolume 3ontrol Windows !>plorer Windows ile 3he25er Windows 7elp &ystem Windows %P 3on1i0uration Windows Media Player Windows Messen0er Windows Movie Ma5er Windows Pi2ture and a> Biewer Windows &2ript 7ost Windows :pdate WordPad )9 Tas5 and &ettin0 %nde> "22essibility "ddress 'ar "dministrative Tools "dvan2ed Power Mana0ement @"PMA "nimation "ppli2ations "uto2omplete "utodial "utomati2 Windows :pdate 'a250round 'r(3a 3D Drive 3erti1i2ates 3l(3o 3olor Pro1iles 3olors 3om(3on 3ontrol Panel 3oo5ies 3ountry 3r(Da Des5top Devi2es Dialin0 Di0(Dis Display Do(Dr DBD !1(!m !n2rypted NT & iles !n(!> avorites a> iles irewall olders onts TP Do(7a 7ard Dis5

7ardware 7e(7T %2ons %ma0es %nde>in0 %ns(%nt %nternet 3onne2tion irewall %nternet !>plorer %n(Eo Keyboard 6an0ua0e 6i(Me Menus Messa0e 'o> Modems Mouse My 3omputer My Do2uments My Musi2 My Networ5 Pla2es My Pi2tures NetMeetin0 Networ5 Networ5 3onne2tions Ne(OD O11line iles Ou(Pa Passwords Pa(Pr Printers Pr(Ru &2heduled Tas5s &2(&i &o1tware &ounds &pee2h &tart Menu &tartup &t(&y &ystem Restore Tas5 Tas5bar Tas5bar Noti1i2ation "rea Tele(Teln Temporary %nternet iles Terminal &erver Te>t 3ursor The(Thu Time Ti(To Tooltips Tr(:s :sers Bid(Bir Boi2e Bo(We Windows

Windows !>plorer Wi999 +9 The 3ommand Prompt +9- :sin0 the 3ommand 6ine +9# 3ommand Prompt 3hoi2es +9/ Wild2ards. Pipes. and Redire2tion +9, "lphabeti2al Re1eren2e to DO& 3ommands 2d or 2hdir 2ls 2opy date del or erase dir e2ho e>it 1ind md or m5dir more move path prompt rd or rmdir ren or rename set sort time type ver >2opy +9) M&(DO& 'at2h iles 2all 2hoi2e errorlevel 1or 0oto i1 pause rem shi1t %%%: "dvan2ed Topi2s <9 Networ5in0 <9- Networ5in0 Terminolo0y <9# Deneral Pro2edures =9 The Re0istry =9- What's in the Re0istry =9# "ddin0 and Deletin0 Re0istry Keys and Balues =9/ Or0ani4ation o1 the Re0istry =9, 7ives =9) 'a25in0 :p the Re0istry =9+ !>portin0 and %mportin0 Re0istry Data with Pat2hes =9< Ten 3ool Thin0s 8ou 3an Do in 8our Re0istry *9 The Windows &2ript 7ost

*9- What %s W&7H *9# "dditional Resour2es *9/ !>e2utin0 &2ripts *9, 3reatin0 a &2ript *9) B'&2ript *9+ ObGe2t Model *9< Ws2ript ObGe2t *9= &hell ObGe2t *9* Re0istry Routines *9-$ &hort2uts *9-- Popup *9-# Networ5 ObGe2t *9-/ Networ5 Printer(Related un2tions *9-, ile&ystem ObGe2t *9-) Te>t&tream ObGe2t *9-+ ObGe2t 'rowser *9-< Database !>ample *9-= Messa0in0 %B: "ppendi>es "9 %nstallin0 Windows XP "9- %nstallation on a New @3leanA &ystem '9 Mi0ratin0 to Windows XP '9- 'e1ore :p0radin0 to Windows XP 39 Keyboard &hort2uts 39- Keyboard "22elerators 6isted by Key 39# Keyboard "22elerators 6isted by un2tion D9 Power Toys and Twea5:% D9- %nside Twea5:% !9 Keyboard !;uivalents 1or &ymbols and %nternational 3hara2ters 9 3ommon ilename !>tensions D9 &ervi2es 3olophon

Preface
Windows XP is the latest produ2t in a lon0 line o1 operatin0 systems 1rom Mi2roso1t9 "lthou0h it's super1i2ially similar to earlier versions o1 Windows. there's ;uite a bit new under the hood. and on the sur1a2e as well9 " 2onsumer(1riendly. almost 2artoonish inter1a2e sits on top o1 the most 2omple> Windows version yet9 " 0raphi2al user inter1a2e. li5e the one in Windows XP. is not a substitute 1or 0ood. thorou0h do2umentation9 Naturally. 2olor1ul i2ons and animated inter1a2e elements ma5e the inter1a2e more invitin0 and help uninitiated users stumble throu0h the basi2s o1 openin0 pro0rams and printin0 do2uments9 There are only so many hours in the day. thou0h. and spendin0 most o1 them tryin0 to 1i0ure out the new networ5in0 system. sortin0 throu0h the thousands o1 settin0s in the Re0istry. dis2overin0 all o1 the hidden tools. or even learnin0 to be produ2tive with the new Windows Movie Ma5er. is really not 0ood use o1 your time9 'y ta5in0 the undo2umented or otherwise hidden 1eatures and settin0s in Windows XP and pla2in0 them in 2onte>t with more 2onspi2uous and 1amiliar 2omponents. this boo5 provides the 2omplete pi2ture ne2essary to truly understand the operatin0 system and what is involved in 2ompletin0 Gust about any tas59 There are many boo5s on Windows XP. but most o1 them 0et bo00ed down with elementary tutorials and the s2rawniest tas5s most o1 us 2ould per1orm in our sleep9 That's where this boo5 2omes in9 Windows XP in a Nutshell provides a 2ondensed but thorou0h re1eren2e to Windows XP. with an or0ani4ation that helps you 0et ri0ht to the tas5 at hand9 or e>ample. there are literally hundreds o1 settin0s and 1eatures in Windows XP. s2attered throu0hout do4ens o1 dialo0 bo>es9 &ome are plainly a22essible throu0h the &tart menu or in the 3ontrol Panel. while others are hidden under layers o1 appli2ation menus9 " 1ew aren't apparent at all without 5nowled0e o1 hidden 1eatures9 %n 3hapter ). all these settin0s are listed in the same pla2e. sorted alphabeti2ally 1rom "(F9 &o. instead o1 wadin0 throu0h menus and 1lippin0 throu0h dialo0s loo5in0 1or a way to stop Windows 1rom dis2onne2tin0 your dial(up 2onne2tion to the %nternet @or 1or the settin0 that a11e2ts sounds in web pa0esA Gust loo5 in 3hapter ). under IDialin0I and I&ounds.I respe2tively9

Considerations and Scope

Our 1o2us is on user appli2ations. however. not on system or networ5 administration9 While we 0ive you a basi2 understandin0 o1 these deeper levels and what's available. spe2i1i2 installation details and detailed 2on1i0uration in1ormation 1or system and networ5 administrators are lar0ely beyond the s2ope o1 the boo59 There are also settin0s that depend on de2isions made by your networ5 administrator or %nternet &ervi2e Provider @%&PA. espe2ially with networ5s systems9 Whenever possible. we 0ive you the in1ormation you need. but there are times when all we 2an tell you is where to 0o 1or additional in1ormation9 We have tried to spea5 universal truths about Windows XP. but sometimes we are 1or2ed to ma5e assumptions about your settin0s or installed options9 Mi2roso1t 0ives so many 2on1i0uration options that the truth is. 1or better or worse. that ea2h user's ma2hine represents a sli0htly di11erent installation o1 Windows XP9 O1 all the 2ode and data Mi2roso1t ships on the Windows XP 3D(ROM. only about hal1 is used in any parti2ular user's 2on1i0uration9 What we say about Windows XP may or may not be ;uite true about Windows XP as it's installed on your system9 or e>ample. there's a settin0 in 3ontrol Panel older Options that instru2ts Windows to open i2ons with either a double(2li25 or a sin0le(2li25. a22ordin0 to your pre1eren2e9 While most users tend to pre1er the double(2li25 option. and double(

2li25in0 is the de1ault on most systems. your system mi0ht be di11erent @it mi0ht even be the de1ault. dependin0 on the operatin0 system you had installed previouslyA9 "lthou0h both setups are 2learly de1ined in 3hapter #. some pro2edures elsewhere in this boo5 will instru2t you to double(2li25 where you may only need to sin0le(2li259 This I5nowled0e 0apI is an un1ortunate 2onse;uen2e o1 the malleable nature o1 the Windows operatin0 system9 3onsider another oddity in Windows XP: 2ate0ories in 3ontrol Panel9 This new addition in Windows XP @dis2ussed 1urther in 3hapter #A splits the 2omponents o1 the 3ontrol Panel into distin2t 2ate0ories. rather than simply listin0 them alphabeti2ally. as in previous versions o1 Windows9 What's more. the 3ontrol Panel 2an be a22essed in any o1 three di11erent ways. @as a menu in the &tart menu. as a standalone 1older window. or as an entry in the 1older tree in Windows !>plorerA and the 2ate0ory inter1a2e @whi2h 2an be disabled 2ompletely. i1 desiredA is used only in some 2ases9 This means that it's di11i2ult @and laboriousA to predi2t when you'll need to open the I"ppearan2e and ThemesI 2ate0ory be1ore you 2an 0et to the Display Properties dialo09 We've 2ompensated 1or this ambivalen2e by en2losin0 the 2ate0ory name in ImaybeI bra25ets. li5e this: 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK Display Properties9 "lso. 1or all the statements @1rom Mi2roso1t and othersA that Windows XP is Iinte0ratedI and Iseamless.I the 1a2t is that the system is a2tually ama4in0ly modular. 2ustomi4able. and Iseamy9I This is a 0ood thin09 This boo5 shows a lot o1 di11erent ways to modi1y Windows XP to suit your needs. a theme that is e>panded 1urther in the "nnoyan2es boo5s @O'Reilly L "sso2iatesA. also by David "9 Karp9 This almost in1inite 2ustomi4ability and modularity o1 Windows XP means that many o1 our statements about the produ2t M su2h as sayin0 that the My 3omputer window has an i2on 1or 3ontrol Panel. or that the Des5top 2orresponds to the \Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop 1older. or that Windows XP is 1aster than Windows Me M may. stri2tly spea5in0. be 1alse. or at least serious oversimpli1i2ations9 'asi2ally. Windows XP is a plat1orm and set o1 2apabilities. not a sin0le stable produ2t with a 1i>ed set o1 1eatures9 %n this boo5. we 0ive you the in1ormation you need to tap into all o1 Windows XP's 2apabilities. not Gust those that are show2ased on Mi2roso1t's web site or the Windows Des5top9

Organization of the Book

This boo5 is divided into 1our parts9

Part I
This part o1 the boo5 is desi0ned to 0ive you the lay o1 the land and to introdu2e the 2on2epts used throu0hout the rest o1 the boo59 %t 2onsists o1 two 2hapters: 3hapter - 0ives a brie1 review o1 Windows XP. what's new in this release. and where it 1its into the 0rand s2heme o1 thin0s9 3hapter # 2overs the basi2s o1 usin0 Windows. su2h as startin0 appli2ations. manipulatin0 1iles. and 0ettin0 around the inter1a2e9 %1 you're 1amiliar with any modern version o1 Windows. mu2h o1 this is probably old hat9

Part II
This part o1 the boo5 2ontains alphabeti2ally or0ani4ed re1eren2es 1or ea2h maGor element o1 Windows XP9 On2e you're at a 0iven point in the system. what 2an you do thereH

3hapter / is a thorou0h e>amination o1 the elements that ma5e up the Windows XP 0raphi2al user inter1a2e9 %n addition to the basi2s o1 windows. menus. buttons. listbo>es. and s2rollbars. you'll learn about the new visual styles in Windows XP. how to ma5e the most o1 the Tas5bar. and how to use any 2omponent o1 Windows with only the 5eyboard9 3hapter , is the 2omprehensive re1eren2e that 2overs all the pro0rams that 2ome with Windows XP. those listed in the &tart menu and 3ontrol Panel. and as those available only i1 you 5now where to loo59 or D:%(based appli2ations. we don't do2ument every menu. button. and dialo0 bo> M the D:% is o1ten sel1(evident9 %nstead. we 1o2us on nonobvious 1eatures and provide help1ul hints about power user 1eatures and thin0s that will ma5e your li1e easier9 or 2ommand(line based pro0rams. we 2over every option. sin2e these pro0rams are not as obviously sel1( do2umentin0 @thou0h many do support the 2onventional /? 2ommand(line option 1or helpA9 3hapter ) is the way to 1ind that elusive settin0 or 1eature without havin0 to 5now ahead o1 time where Mi2roso1t has de2ided to hide it away9 !very option in every dialo0 bo>. as well as many 2ommon tas5s. are presented in a sin0le. strai0ht1orward re1eren2e9 Options that a11e2t how Windows plays sounds. 1or e>ample. are s2attered in a hal1(do4en di11erent dialo0sN here. they're all under I&9I 3hapter + provides 2omplete do2umentation on this o1ten overloo5ed and underestimated part o1 the operatin0 system9 %n addition to learnin0 the ins and outs o1 the 3ommand Prompt appli2ation. you 2an loo5 up any 2ommand and 1ind e>a2tly what options it supports9 'at2h 1iles. a ;ui25 and easy way to automate repetitive tas5s. are also 2overed9

Part III
This part. en2ompassin0 the 1inal three 2hapters. 2overs the more advan2ed topi2s in Windows XP: 3hapter < is your one(stop shop 1or settin0 up home networ5in0. 2onne2tin0 to the %nternet. and everythin0 in between9 urthermore. se2urity is a 0enuine 2on2ern 1or home users and businesses ali5e. and is 2overed throu0hout the 2hapter as well9 3hapter = des2ribes the or0ani4ation o1 the Windows XP Re0istry. the 2entral 2on1i0uration database upon whi2h Windows and all o1 your appli2ations rely to 1un2tion and remember your settin0s9 The Re0istry !ditor. the primary inter1a2e to the Re0istry. is 2overed here. alon0 with some o1 the more interestin0 entries s2attered throu0hout this massive database9 3hapter * des2ribes the Windows &2ript 7ost @W&7A. the built(in s2riptin0 subsystem that is surprisin0ly 1le>ible and power1ul9 :se the s2riptin0 lan0ua0e o1 your 2hoi2e to automate 2ommon tas5s and a22ess 1eatures not available elsewhere9

Part IV
This se2tion in2ludes various ;ui25 re1eren2e lists9 "ppendi> " 2overs everyone's least(1avorite a2tivity9 %n addition to do2umentin0 the various installers and options. the 2hapter in2ludes a number o1 pit1alls and solutions that will apply to nearly every installation9 "ppendi> ' presents some o1 the 1a2tors you should ta5e into 2onsideration be1ore you up0rade to Windows XP. as well as some o1 the adGustments you'll need to ma5e a1ter you ta5e the plun0e9 "mon0 other thin0s. you'll learn how to ma5e Windows XP loo5 and 1eel more li5e previous versions o1 Windows by turnin0 o11 some o1 the most annoyin0 bells and whistles9 "ppendi> 3 0ives a list o1 5eyboard a22elerators @also 5nown as hot5eys or 5eyboard short2utsA used in all parts o1 the Windows inter1a2e9

"ppendi> D 2overs the add(on suite o1 tools Mi2roso1t has provided 1or Ipower usersI o1 Windows XP9 Twea5:% is easily the most important tool in the bun2h9 %t provides many 1eatures and settin0s that should have been in2luded in the operatin0 system in the 1irst pla2e9 "ppendi> ! e>plains how to type the symbols and international 2hara2ters normally only a22essible with 3hara2ter Map @dis2ussed in 3hapter ,A9 "ppendi> lists many 1ile types and their des2riptions9 This appendi> is use1ul when you're tryin0 to 1i0ure out how to open a spe2i1i2 1ile and all you 5now is the 1ilename e>tension9 "ppendi> D lists the ba250round servi2es that 2ome with Windows XP and their respe2tive 1ilenames9 %1 you need to 1ind a servi2e. or simply need to determine the purpose o1 a parti2ular pro0ram shown to be runnin0 in the Windows Tas5 Mana0er @see 3hapter ,A. this appendi> will provide the answer9

Conventions Used in This Book

The 1ollowin0 typo0raphi2al 2onventions are used in this boo5: 3onstant width is used to indi2ate anythin0 typed. as well as 2ommand(line 2omputer output and 2ode e>amples9 Constant-width bold is used to indi2ate user input in 2ode9 Constant-width italic is used to indi2ate variables in e>amples and so(2alled Irepla2eableI te>t9 or instan2e. to open a do2ument in Notepad 1rom the 2ommand line. you'd type notepad filename. where filename is the 1ull path and name o1 the do2ument you wish to open9 J&;uare 'ra25etsK &;uare bra25ets around an option @usually a 2ommand(line parameterA means that the parameter is optional9 %n2lude or omit the option. as needed9 Parameters not shown in s;uare bra25ets are typi2ally mandatory9 &ee &e2tion P9#9+. whi2h 1ollows. 1or another use o1 s;uare bra25ets in this boo59 Italic is used to introdu2e new terms and to indi2ate :R6s. variables in te>t. user( de1ined 1iles and dire2tories. 2ommands. 1ile e>tensions. 1ilenames. dire2tory or 1older names. and :N3 pathnames9 The 1ollowin0 symbols are used in this boo5:

This symbol indi2ates a tip9

This symbol indi2ates a warnin09 Path Notation

Rather than usin0 pro2edural steps to tell you how to rea2h a 0iven Windows XP user inter1a2e element or appli2ation. we use a shorthand path notation9 or e>ample. we don't say. I3li25 on the &tart menu. then 2li25 on &ear2h. then or iles or olders. and then type a 1ilename in the Named: 1ield9I We simply say: &tart ind iles or olders Named9 We 0enerally don't distin0uish between menus. dialo0 bo>es. buttons. 2he25bo>es. et29. unless it's not 2lear 1rom the 2onte>t9 Eust loo5 1or a D:% element whose label mat2hes an element in the path9

The path notation is relative to the Des5top or some other well(5nown lo2ation9 or e>ample. the 1ollowin0 path: &tart Pro0rams "22essories 3al2ulator means IOpen the &tart menu @on the Des5topA. then 2hoose Pro0rams. then 2hoose "22essories. and then 2li25 3al2ulator9I 'ut rather than sayin0: &tart &ettin0s 3ontrol Panel "dd or Remove Pro0rams we Gust say: 3ontrol Panel "dd or Remove Pro0rams sin2e 3ontrol Panel is a Iwell(5nown lo2ationI and the path 2an there1ore be made less 2umbersome9 "s stated earlier in this pre1a2e. the elements o1 the 3ontrol Panel may or may not be divided into 2ate0ories. dependin0 on 2onte>t and a settin0 on your 2omputer9 Thus. rather than a 2umbersome e>planation o1 this un1ortunate desi0n every time the 3ontrol Panel 2omes up. the 1ollowin0 notation is used: 3ontrol Panel JPer1orman2e and Maintenan2eK &2heduled Tas5s where the 2ate0ory. IPer1orman2e and Maintenan2e.I in this 2ase. is shown in s;uare bra25ets. implyin0 that you may or may not en2ounter this step9 Paths will typi2ally 2onsist o1 2li25able user inter1a2e elements. but they sometimes in2lude te>t typed in 1rom the 5eyboard @shown in 2onstant(width te>tA: &tart Run telnet or: 3trl("lt(Del &hut Down There is o1ten more than one way to rea2h a 0iven lo2ation in the user inter1a2e9 We o1ten list multiple paths to rea2h the same lo2ation. even thou0h some are lon0er than others. be2ause it 2an be help1ul to see how multiple paths lead to the same destination9 The 1ollowin0 well(5nown lo2ations are used as startin0 points 1or user inter1a2e paths: Control Panel &tart 3ontrol Panel @if you re using the new Windows XP Start menuA &tart &ettin0s 3ontrol Panel @if you re using the classic Start menuA !"plorer The two(pane 1older view. 2ommonly re1erred to as I!>plorer:I &tart Pro0rams "22essories &ystem Tools Windows !>plorer #y Computer The My 3omputer i2on on the Des5top @whi2h may or may not be visibleA #y Network Places The My Networ5 Pla2es i2on on the Des5top @whi2h may or may not be visibleA $ecycle %in The Re2y2le 'in i2on on the Des5top Start The &tart button on the Tas5bar """" menu Menu """" in the appli2ation 2urrently bein0 dis2ussed @e909. ile or !ditA

Command-Line S nta!
urther 2onventions used 1or representin0 2ommand(line options and ar0uments are des2ribed in the introdu2tion to 3hapter <9

"indo#s $P %eso&rce Links

There is a web site 1or this boo5. whi2h lists errata. e>amples. or any additional in1ormation9 8ou 2an a22ess this pa0e at:

http:??www9oreilly92om?2atalo0?win>pnut? or view David "9 Karp's Windows resour2e on the Web at: http:??www9annoyan2es9or0?

'ckno#(edgments
This is the third In a Nutshell boo5 2overin0 a version o1 Mi2roso1t Windows9 "lthou0h this boo5 has evolved substantially 1rom its pro0enitors. Windows &' in a Nutshell and Windows &( in a Nutshell @as Windows itsel1 has evolvedA. its e>isten2e is due to the hard wor5 o1 those who wor5ed on those earlier volumes9 Tim O'Reilly developed the ori0inal 2on2ept 1or the boo5N he and Troy Mott were the prin2ipal authors o1 the 1irst edition9 "ndrew &2hulman was also instrumental in helpin0 0et the 1irst edition o1 this boo5 o11 the 0round. and it was he who insisted on the importan2e o1 the 2ommand line9 Walter Dlenn was a maGor 2ontributor to the se2ond edition9 Than5s to Eohn ron25owia5. &tein 'or0e. and Ron Petrusha 1or their e11orts. whi2h 1ormed the basis o1 the Windows &2ript 7ost 2hapter9 This new edition was developed by David Karp and in2orporates some material 1rom his bestsellin0 Windows Annoyances series9 Tim O'Reilly was the editor o1 this new edition9 7e had help 1rom 'ob 7erbtsman and Maeve O'Meara. who mana0ed the day to day details o1 the proGe2t. and in Maeve's 2ase. entered hundreds o1 last minute edits9 We are also indebted to the 0enerosity o1 hundreds o1 Windows users who've shared tips. insi0hts. and detailed do2umentation on parti2ular aspe2ts o1 the system they've un2overed. either throu0h their own web sites. posts to the Annoyances)org dis2ussion 1orums. or emails at #:/$ in the mornin09 We re1er to some o1 these sites in the boo5. but many others have 2ontributed to our understandin0 o1 Windows. tau0ht us use1ul tips. or 2orre2ted our assumptions9 David adds: This boo5 was a bi0 Gob. mu2h more so than % anti2ipated9 'ut it was an important boo5 1or me to write. 0ivin0 me a new perspe2tive and appre2iation 1or the attention and 1o2us re;uired to do2ument su2h a 2omple> and 2on1usin0 produ2t as Windows XP9 %'d li5e to than5 my 1riends and 1amily. not only 1or 5eepin0 me 0rounded with their in2essant 2omputer ;uestions as they were dis2overin0 Windows XP in their own hi0hly individual and bi4arre ways. but 1or distra2tin0 me when % needed it most with movies. 1ood. 2ards. 1resh air. Wei Ci. s5iin0. and o1 2ourse. the &impsons9 D'ohO

Part I) The Big Pict&re Chapter *+ The La of the Land

%n many ways. Windows XP is a bit o1 an ana2hronism9 On one hand. it is te2hni2ally only an in2remental up0rade to Windows #$$$. released only a year earlier9 On the other hand. it is the 1irst 2onsumer(level operatin0 system based on a power1ul and robust plat1orm previously available only to advan2ed users and networ5 administrators9 Windows XP is easily the most te2hni2ally sophisti2ated operatin0 system Mi2roso1t has ever released. but it is adorned with an almost 2artoonish inter1a2e9 %t has an advan2ed. s2alable networ5in0 system built in. but networ5in0 is easier to set up in Windows XP than in any other release9 %t has the he1tiest system re;uirements o1 any Windows to date. but 0iven the same hardware. it ends up outper1ormin0 its prede2essors in almost every way9 %t also has more super1luous bells and whistles than any other O&. but will li5ely be the O& o1 2hoi2e 1or most power users 1or several years to 2ome9 There's more to understandin0 Windows XP than simply 5nowin0 how to open appli2ations and mana0e your 1iles e11e2tively9 %n this 2hapter. we'll 2over what's new in this release and how Windows XP 1its into the bi0 pi2ture9 Move on to 3hapter # and 3hapter / 1or some o1 the more basi2 aspe2ts o1 day(to(day use o1 the operatin0 system. or s5ip ahead to the later 2hapters 1or more o1 the meatier 2ontent9

*+* The Big Pict&re

The 1irst 1ew releases o1 Mi2roso1t Windows in the early -*=$s were little more than 2lun5y 0raphi2al appli2ation laun2hers that ran on top o1 the Dis5 Operatin0 &ystem @DO&A @see 3hapter + 1or detailsA9 Bersion /9>. released in the late -*=$'s. 0ained popularity due to its improved inter1a2e @aw1ul by today's standards. thou0hA and ability to a22ess all o1 a 2omputer's memory9 'ein0 based on DO&. however. it was not terribly stable. 2rashed 1re;uently. and had very limited support 1or networ5in0 and no support 1or multiple user a22ounts9 &oon therea1ter. Windows NT /9$ @INTI 1or New Te2hnolo0yA was released9 "lthou0h it shared the same inter1a2e as Windows /9$. it was based on a more robust and se2ure kernel. the underlyin0 2ode upon whi2h the inter1a2e and all o1 the appli2ations run9 "mon0 other thin0s. it didn't rely on DO& and was 2apable o1 runnin0/#(bit appli2ations @Windows /9$ 2ould only run more 1eeble -+(bit appli2ationsA9J-K :n1ortunately. it was a white elephant o1 sorts. enGoyin0 limited 2ommer2ial appeal due to its sti11 hardware re;uirements and s2ant industry support9
" *it. or *inary digit. is the smallest unit o1 in1ormation stora0e. 2apable o1 holdin0 either a 4ero or a one9 /#(bit operatin0 systems li5e Windows NT and Windows *) were 2apable o1 addressin0 memory in /#(bit @, byteA 2hun5s. whi2h made them more e11i2ient and power1ul than a -+(bit O& li5e Windows /9>9
J-K

%n -**). Mi2roso1t released Windows *)9 "lthou0h based on DO& li5e Windows /9> @it was 5nown internally as Windows ,9$A. it was a /#(bit operatin0 system with a new inter1a2e9 %t was the 1irst step in mi0ratin0 the enhan2ed 2apability o1 the Windows NT ar2hite2ture to the more 2ommer2ially a22epted. albeit less 2apable. DO&(based Windows line9 &oon therea1ter. Windows NT ,9$ was released. whi2h brou0ht the new Windows *)(style inter1a2e to the NT line9 'oth o1 these 0rand

0estures were en0ineered to 1urther blur the line between these two di11erent Mi2roso1t plat1orms9 "lthou0h both operatin0 systems sported the same inter1a2e. Windows NT still never 0arnered the industry support and 2ommer2ial su22ess o1 Windows *)9 "s time pro0ressed. the linea0e o1 Mi2roso1t Windows be2ame even less linear9 Windows #$$$. despite its name. was not the su22essor to Windows *= and Windows *)N Windows Me. released at the same time. had that distin2tion9 %nstead. Windows #$$$ was the ne>t installment o1 the NT lineN it was a2tually 5nown internally as Windows NT )9$9 Windows #$$$ was parti2ularly notable 1or bein0 the 1irst version o1 Windows NT to support plu0(and(play. whi2h was yet another move to 2ombine the two plat1orms9 Then 2ame Windows XP. 5nown internally as Windows NT )9-9J#K "lthou0h it's te2hni2ally merely an in2remental up0rade to Windows #$$$. it has been positioned as the dire2t repla2ement to Windows Me. o11i2ially mar5in0 the end o1 the DO&( based Windows *>?Me line9 Windows XP is indeed the lon0(anti2ipated operatin0 system desi0ned to 1inally uni1y both lines o1 Windows. brin0in0 the bullet(proo1 stability o1 NT to home and small business users. and the industry support o1 Windows *>?Me to 2orporate and power users9
J#K

Type

ver at any 2ommand prompt to see 1or yoursel19

*+, "hat-s Ne# in "indo#s $P

What you'll 1ind new in Windows XP depends entirely on your perspe2tive. or more spe2i1i2ally. the version o1 Windows you used last9 "s des2ribed earlier in this 2hapter. Windows XP is a more substantial up0rade 1or Windows *>?Me users. but that doesn't mean there's nothin0 new 1or Windows #$$$ users9 "lthou0h the 1ollowin0 list o1 2han0es is not 2omprehensive. it does hi0hli0ht some o1 the more interestin0 2han0es 1or users 2omin0 1rom both plat1orms9

*+,+* "hat-s Ne# for Users of "indo#s .!/0e

"s e>plained earlier in this 2hapter. the bi00est 2han0e Windows *>?Me users will noti2e is the dramati2ally improved stability o1 Windows XP9 "lthou0h appli2ations still 2rash in XP. they're mu2h less li5ely to brin0 down the whole system9 While Windows *>?Me would slow down a1ter only a 1ew hours o1 use @re;uirin0 a reboot to brin0 it ba25 to li1eA. Windows XP 2an be le1t on 1or wee5s without so mu2h as a hi22up9 The di11eren2e is the way system resour2es. an area o1 memory devoted to mana0in0 runnin0 appli2ations and their inter1a2e elements. are handled: in Windows *>?Me. this is a 1i>ed @and rather smallA area o1memory. whi2h 2an 1ill up 1ast9 %n Windows XP. system resour2es are allo2ated dynami2ally. whi2h means you'll never run out9 While Windows *>?Me supported multiple users. this 1un2tionality was never more than a way 1or di11erent users to have di11erent2olor s2hemes and des5top i2ons9 %n Windows XP. multiple user mana0ement is mu2h more sophisti2ated9 %1 you're usin0 Windows XP Pro1essional @see &e2tion -9#9#A. a user will be able to se2urely en2rypt 1iles and 1olders so that other users 2an't read or modi1y them9

Networ5in0 in Windows XP is mu2h more power1ul and se2ure than in Windows *>?Me. but is substantially easier to set up and 2on1i0ure9 The Networ5 Properties window @see 3hapter <A a2tually ma5es sense nowO

*+,+, "hat-s Ne# for Users of "indo#s ,111

"lthou0h nearly identi2al to Windows #$$$ under the hood. Windows XP has some hi0her system re;uirements due to the in2reased overhead o1 all the e>tra bells and whistles9 While Windows #$$$ re;uires at least a -//(Mh4 Pentium(2lass system with +, Mb o1 R"M. Windows XP needs at least a /$$ Mh4 Pentium(%% pro2essor and -#= Mb o1 R"M9 Diven the same hardware. Windows XP should be substantially 1aster than Windows #$$$9 "mon0 the areas parti2ularly a11e2ted are startup time and hard drive data trans1er9 or e>ample. a /$ me0abyte 1ile on my system too5 several se2onds to 2opy 1rom one hard drive to another in Windows #$$$. but the same 2opy is nearly instantaneous in XP9 Windows XP is now the de 1a2to standard. whi2h means 0one are the days when new produ2ts won't be supported 1or your system9 7owever. this doesn't mean that older produ2t will ne2essarily be brou0ht up to snu11N most li5ely. e>istin0 produ2ts not supported in Windows #$$$ will be retired rather than updated to wor5 with XP9 While many 0ames desi0ned 1or Windows *> would simply not run in Windows #$$$. Windows XP has mu2h better support 1or 0ames. and it 2omes with more 0ames than Windows #$$$9

*+,+2 "hat-s Ne#3 %egard(ess of 4o&r Previo&s OS

Windows XP has a new. more 2olor1ul and 2heer1ul @some would say 2artoonishA inter1a2e. althou0h the 2lassi2 inter1a2e 2an be easily sele2ted to ma5e XP loo5 and 1eel nearly identi2al to Windows #$$$ and Windows Me9 " new 2opy(prote2tion s2heme 5nown asProdu2t "2tivation. desi0ned to prevent a sin0le 2opy o1 Windows XP 1rom bein0 installed on more than one ma2hine at a time. is built into most versions o1 the operatin0 system9 This is one o1 the most 2ontroversial 1eatures o1 the system. sin2e it re;uires you to provide personal in1ormation to Mi2roso1t and allow them to remotely a22ess your system9 Windows XP has more bells and whistles. su2h as theWindows Movie Ma5er. built(in 3D writer support. the %nternet 3onne2tion irewall. andRemote Des5top 3onne2tion9

&ee "ppendi> ' 1or more issues that a11e2t users up0radin0 to Windows XP 1rom a previous version o1 Windows9

*+2 "indo#s $P 5ome and Professiona( 6ditions

"lthou0h only the 7ome and Pro1essional editions o1 Windows XP are 2overed in this boo5. there are a2tually si> editions o1 Mi2roso1t Windows XP: Windows XP 7ome Windows XP Pro1essional

Windows XP 9N!T &tandard &erver Windows 9N!T !nterprise &erver Windows 9N!T Data2enter &erver Windows XP +,(bitJ/K
or more in1ormation on the +,(bit editions. see http:??www9mi2roso1t92om?windows>p?+,bit?9
J/K

"lthou0h all these editions o1 XP are similar. only the 7ome and Pro1essional editions will be o1 interest to end users. while the others are intended 1or use in lar0e 2orporations @!nterpriseA as hi0h(end server plat1orms9 The 7ome and Pro1essional editions o1 Windows XP are nearly identi2alN the only di11eren2es are additional 1eatures 1ound in the Pro1essional edition that will appeal to power users and small businesses9 The primary di11eren2es. aside 1rom the pri2e and the 2olor o1 the pa25a0in0. are shown in Table -(-9 Table 1-1. Differences between Windows XP Professional and Home editions Windows XP Home Windows XP Professional Di11erent user levels are supported9 "ll users are administrators. so "dministrators have unrestri2ted there's no way to set up user :ser a22ounts 2ontrol. but ea2h user's 1iles 2an be a22ounts with limited privile0es en2rypted and se2ured 1rom other or prote2t 1iles 1rom other users9 users9 Multiple pro2essor support Networ5in0 'a25up so1tware in2luded None9 8es9 &ystems with one. two. and 1our pro2essors are supported9

'uilt(in support 1or peer(to(peer 'uilt(in support 1or peer(to(peer networ5in0. plus support 1or Goinin0 networ5in09 a Windows NT domain9 No9 8es. plus "utomated &ystem Re2overy @"&RA9 8es9

Dynami2 Dis5 No9 support

%n addition. Windows XP Pro1essional also in2ludes the 1ollowin0 tools and a22essories @all do2umented in 3hapter ,A: "dministrative Tools @in the &tart menu and 3ontrol PanelA 'oot 3on1i0uration Mana0er DriverCuery Droup Poli2y Re1resh :tility Multi(lin0ual :ser %nter1a2e @M:%A add(on NT & !n2ryption :tility O11line iles and olders

Open iles Per1orman2e 6o0 Mana0er Remote Des5top &2heduled Tas5s 3onsole &e2urity Template :tility Tas55ill Tas5list Telnet "dministrator

There's nothin0 that Windows XP 7ome edition 2an do that the Pro1essional edition 2an't doN in other words. the Pro1essional edition is a superset o1 the 7ome edition9

*+7 "indo#s Update

inally. %'d li5e to note the Windows :pdate 1eature in Windows XP9 &in2e its initial release. Mi2roso1t has made several updates to the so1tware available on their web site9 These updates ran0e 1rom simple bu0 1i>es to pat2hes 1or maGor se2urity holes9 %t's hi0hly re2ommended that you either run the Windows :pdate 1eature routinely or enable the "utomati2 :pdates 1eature so that you'll never be without the latest and 0reatest 1i>es @andbu0sA9 &ee Windows :pdate in 3hapter , 1or more in1ormation9

Chapter ,+ Using "indo#s $P

This material in this 2hapter provides a ;ui25 overview o1 the 1eatures o1 the Windows XP user inter1a2e. whi2h should be su11i2ient to help you 0et oriented and ma5e the most o1 the system 1airly ;ui25ly9 %1 you're already 1amiliar with the basi2 Windows inter1a2e. you may still 1ind subtle di11eren2es between Windows XP and previous versions. ma5in0 this 2hapter worth a ;ui25 read9 %1 you're 1airly new to Windows. you should de1initely ta5e the time to read this 2hapter9 3on2epts that advan2ed users mi0ht 2onsider elementary should prove pretty enli0htenin09 The most important thin0 is to 0et a sense o1 the 2ontinuity @or o22asionally the la25 thereo1A in the Windows XP inter1a2e so that you 2an ta25le any new Windows appli2ation with ease9 Note. however. that i1 you are a very ine>perien2ed user. you may pre1er to start with a tutorial boo5 on Windows XP. su2h as O'Reilly's Windows XP+ ,he #issing #anual. by David Po0ue9 !ven thou0h this 2hapter is more introdu2tory than the rest o1 the boo5. it still moves pretty ;ui25ly9 &till. i1 you Gust ta5e your time and try ea2h 1eature as it's introdu2ed. you may 1ind that you don't need a step(by(step introdu2tion a1ter all9

,+* The 8esktop

6i5e most modern operatin0 systems that use 0raphi2al user inter1a2es @su2h as theMa2.:ni>. and earlier versions o1 WindowsA. Windows XP uses the metaphor o1 a Des5top with windows and 1ile 1olders laid out on it9 This Des5top metaphor is provided by a pro0ram 2alled Windows !>plorer @e"plorer)e"eA9 Windows XP runs this pro0ram automati2ally every time you start Windows XP9J-K
O22asionally. you may see the i2ons on your Des5top disappear and then reappear9 This is 2aused by Windows !>plorer 2rashin0. and Windows relaun2hin0 it immediately therea1ter9 &ee Tas5bar in 3hapter / 1or more in1ormation9
J-K

i0ure #(- shows the main 1eatures o1 the Windows XP Des5top9 The 2allouts in the 1i0ure hi0hli0ht some o1 the spe2ial(purposei2ons and buttons that may appear on the Des5top9 !a2h o1 these is des2ribed 1urther in 3hapter /9 9ig&re ,-*+ "indo#s $P 8esktop feat&res

,+, Point and C(ick Operations

Windows XP o11ers several settin0s that a11e2t the way the inter1a2e responds to mouse 2li25s9 The de1ault settin0 @the way it wor5s when you 1irst install Windows XPA will also be 1amiliar to most users. as it is 1airly 2onsistent with the way most operatin0 systems wor59 Dependin0 on your 2urrent settin0s. however. Windows may respond to mouse 2li25s di11erently9 &ee &e2tion #9#9# that 1ollows 1or di11eren2es9 6ater on. you'll see how to 2hoose between the2lassi2 behavior and the alternate behavior9 %1 you are one o1 the 1ew 2omputer users who haven't used a 0raphi2al user inter1a2e be1ore. here are some thin0s you need to 5now: P3s usually 2ome with a two( or three(button mouse @unli5e the one(button mouse used with the Ma2intoshA. althou0h there are a variety o1 alternatives. su2h as tou2hpads @2ommon on laptopsA. tra25balls. and styluses9 To 2li25 an obGe2t means to move the pointer to the desired s2reen obGe2t and press and release the le1t mouse button9 Double(2li25 means to 2li25 twi2e in rapid su22ession with the button on the le1t9 @3li25in0 twi2e doesn't a22omplish the same thin09A Ri0ht(2li25 means to 2li25 with the button on the ri0ht9

%1 your mouse has three or more buttons. you should Gust use the primary buttons on the le1t and the ri0ht. and read the do2umentation that 2omes with your pointin0 devi2e to 1ind out what you 2an do with the others9 @8ou 2an o1ten 2on1i0ure the middle button to ta5e over 1un2tions li5e double( 2li25in0. 2ut and paste. insertin0 in1lammatory lan0ua0e into emails. and so on9A

,+,+* 8efa&(t Behavior

The de1ault settin0 is 2onsistent with most operatin0 systems. in2ludin0 previous versions o1 Windows9 8ou 2an tell i1 you have the de1ault style i1 the 2aptions under the i2ons on your Des5top are not underlined9 The alternate behavior @sometimes 2alled the Web BiewA is dis2ussed in the subse;uent se2tion9 7ere is how Windows XP responds to mouse 2li25s by de1ault: Double(2li25 on any i2on on the Des5top to open it9 %1 the i2on represents a pro0ram. the pro0ram is laun2hed @i9e9. openedA9 %1 the i2on represents a data 1ile. the 1ile is opened by the asso2iated pro0ram9 @The asso2iations between 1iles and pro0rams. 2alled ile Types in Windows. are dis2ussed later in this 2hapter and in 3hapter =9A %1 the i2on represents a 1older @su2h as #y DocumentsA. a 1older window appears. the 2ontents o1 whi2h are shown as i2ons within the window &in0le(2li25 on an i2on to sele2t @hi0hli0htA it9 " sele2ted i2on appears dar5ened and its 2aption te>t is hi0hli0hted9 &in0le(2li25 an i2on. and then 2li25 a0ain @but not so ;ui25ly as to su00est a double(2li25A on the i2on's 2aption to rename it9 Type a new 2aption. and then press the !nter 5ey or simply 2li25 elsewhere to 2on1irm the new name9 8ou 2an also rename by 2li25in0 and pressin0 #. or by ri0ht(2li25in0 and sele2tin0 Rename9 Ri0ht(2li25 @2li25 the ri0ht mouse buttonA on any i2on to pop up a menu o1 other a2tions that 2an be per1ormed on the obGe2t9 The 2ontents o1 this menu vary dependin0 on whi2h obGe2t you 2li25. so it is 2ommonly 2alled the 2onte>t menu9 The 2onte>t menu 1or your 0arden(variety 1ile in2ludes a2tions su2h as Open. Print. Delete. Rename. and 3reate &hort2ut9 The 2onte>t menu 1or the Des5top itsel1 in2ludes a2tions su2h as Re1resh and New @to 2reate new empty 1iles or 1oldersA9 Nearly all obGe2ts have a Properties entry. whi2h 2an be espe2ially use1ul9 &ee 3hapter , 1or additional details9 3li25 and hold down the le1t mouse button over an i2on while movin0 the mouse to dra0 the obGe2t9 Dra0 a 1ile i2on onto a 1older i2on or into an open 1older window to move the 1ile into the 1older9 Dra0 a 1ile i2on onto a pro0ram i2on or an open appli2ation window @usuallyA to open the 1ile in that pro0ram9 Dra0 an obGe2t into your Re2y2le 'in to dispose o1 the obGe2t9 Dra00in0 2an also be used to rearran0e the i2ons on your Des5top9 More dra0(drop tips are dis2ussed later in this 2hapter9 'y dra00in0 a 1ile with the ri0ht mouse button instead o1 the le1t. you 2an 2hoose what happens when the 1ile is dropped9 With the release o1 the button. a smallmenu will pop up providin0 you with a set o1 options @Move 7ere. 3opy 7ere. 3reate &hort2ut@sA 7ereA to 2hoose 1rom9 "lthou0h it is less 2onvenient than le1t(dra00in0. it does 0ive you more 2ontrol9

3li25 an i2on to sele2t it. and then hold down the3trl 5ey while 2li25in0 on additional obGe2ts M this instru2ts Windows to remember all your sele2tions so that you 2an have multiple obGe2ts sele2ted simultaneously9 This way. 1or e>ample. you 2an sele2t a 0roup o1 1iles to delete and then dra0 them all to the Re2y2le 'in at on2e9 3li25 an item and then hold down &hi1t while 2li25in0 a se2ond item to sele2t both items and all obGe2ts that appear between them9 What ends up 0ettin0 sele2ted depends on the arran0ement o1 items to be sele2ted. so this method is more suitable 1or 1older windows that have their 2ontents arran0ed in a list 1ormat9 8ou 2an use this method in 2onGun2tion with the Ctrl method @aboveA to a22omplish elaborate sele2tions9 8ou 2an also sele2t a 0roup o1 i2ons without usin0 the 5eyboard. as shown in i0ure #(#9 Draw an ima0inary rubber band around the obGe2ts you wish to sele2t by 2li25in0 and holdin0 on a blan5 area o1 the Des5top or 1older window and dra00in0 it to an opposite 2orner9 Play around with this 1eature to see how Windows de2ides whi2h items are in2luded and whi2h are i0nored9 9ig&re ,-,+ Se(ect m&(tip(e fi(es : dragging a ;r&::er :and;

Whether you have one i2on or many i2ons sele2ted simultaneously. a sin0le 2li25 on another i2on or a blan5 area o1 the Des5top abandons your sele2tion9 %1 you sele2t multiple items simultaneously. they will all behave li5e a sin0le unit when dra00ed9 or e>ample. i1 you sele2t ten 1ile i2ons. you 2an dra0 them all by Gust 0rabbin0 any one o1 them9 Press 3trl(" to sele2t everythin0 in the 1older @or on the Des5top. i1 that's where the 1o2us isA9 This 2orresponds to !dit &ele2t "ll9 @&ee &e2tion #9) later in this 2hapter i1 you don't 5now what we mean by the term 1o2us9A &ee "ppendi> 3 1or more 5eyboard short2uts9

,+,+, '(ternate Behavior

%n addition to the de1ault style dis2ussed in the previous se2tion. Windows also provides a settin0 that ma5es the inter1a2e loo5 and 1eel somewhat li5e a web pa0e9 &ele2t older Options 1rom Windows !>plorer's Tools menuN i1 the I&in0le( 2li25 to open an itemI option is sele2ted @see i0ure #(/A. you're usin0 the settin0s des2ribed here9 %1 you have this settin0 enabled on your system. 2li25in0 and double(2li25in0 will wor5 di11erently than des2ribed above. althou0h dra00in0 and ri0ht(2li25in0 @as des2ribed in the previous se2tionA will remain the same9 9ig&re ,-2+ 9o(der options specif #hether to &se ;#e: vie#;

7ere are the di11eren2es between the de1ault and alternate behavior: The whole 2on2ept o1 double(2li25in0 is abolished9 "lthou0h double(2li25in0 helps prevent i2ons 1rom bein0 a22identally opened when you're manipulatin0 them. double(2li25in0 2an be 2on1usin0 or aw5ward 1or some new users9 To sele2t an item. simply move the mouse over it9 To a2tivate @openA an item. 2li25 on2e on it9 To rename an item. 2are1ully 1loat the mouse pointer over an i2on and press #. or ri0ht(2li25 an i2on and sele2t Rename9 8ou 2an still sele2t multiple items usin0 the &hi1t and 3trl 5eys9 7owever. instead o1 usin0 &hi1t(2li25 or 3trl(2li25. hold the &hi1t or 3trl 5eys down while movin0 the pointer over the desired items and don't 2li25 at all9

&in2e the de1ault view is. by 1ar. the settin0 used most 1re;uently. most o1 the instru2tion in this boo5 will assume it's what you're usin09 or e>ample. i1 you see IDouble(2li25 the My 3omputer i2on.I and you're usin0 the I&in0le(2li25 to openI settin0. remember that you'll simply be sin0le(2li25in0 the item9

,+2 Starting Up 'pp(ications

Windows XP has more ways to laun2h a pro0ram than Gust about any other operatin0 system9 8ou 2an: Double(2li25 on a pro0rami2on in !>plorer. on the Des5top. or in a 1older window9 Double(2li25 on a 1ile asso2iated with an appli2ation to laun2h that appli2ation and open the 1ile9 Pi25 the name o1 a pro0ram 1rom the &tart menu9 @&ee &tart Menu in 3hapter / 1or details9A 3li25 on a pro0ram's i2on in theCui25 6aun2h Toolbar to start it9 This Toolbar 2an in2lude i2ons 1or any pro0rams. althou0h by de1ault. it only has i2ons 1or%nternet !>plorer.Outloo5 !>press. and M&N9 &ee Toolbars in 3hapter / 1or details9A Ri0ht(2li25 on a 1ile. e>e2utable. or appli2ation i2on and 2hoose Open9 &ele2t @hi0hli0htA an i2on and press the !nter 5ey9 Type the 1ilename o1 a pro0ram in the "ddress 'ar. whi2h 2an be displayed ne>t to the Toolbar in any 1older window. in !>plorer. in %nternet !>plorer. or even as part o1 the Tas5bar9 8ou may also have to in2lude the path @the 1older and drive nameA 1or some items9 &ele2t Run 1rom the &tart menu and type the 1ilename o1 a pro0ram9 8ou may also have to in2lude the path @the 1older and drive nameA 1or some items9 Open a 2ommand prompt window and type the name o1 the pro0ram at the prompt9 Note that some 5nowled0e o1 the 2ommand prompt @2ommonly 5nown as DO&A is re;uired M see 3hapter + 1or details9 3reate short2uts to 1iles or appli2ations9 " short2ut is a 5ind o1 pointer or lin5 M a small 1ile and asso2iated i2on that point to a 1ile or pro0ram in another lo2ation9 8ou 2an put these short2uts on the Des5top. in the &tart menu. or anywhere else you 1ind 2onvenient9 Double(2li25 on a short2ut to laun2h the pro0ram9 To laun2h pro0rams automati2ally at startup. Gust pla2e a short2ut in your &tartup 1older @\Windows\Start #enu\Programs\Start-pA9

&ome pro0rams are really Iin your 1a2e9I or e>ample. i1 you install "O6. it puts an i2on on the Des5top. in the O11i2e &hort2ut 'ar. on the &tart menu @in two pla2es. no lessA. and even shoehorns an i2on into the &ystem Tray. whi2h is normally reserved 1or system status indi2ators9 Other. less obtrusive pro0rams may be more di11i2ult to lo2ate9 %n 1a2t. you'll probably 1ind several pro0rams mentioned in this boo5 you never even 5new you hadO

,+7 St (es and Conse<&ences of St (es

"mon0 the new inter1a2e 2han0es in Windows XP is the 2on1i0urablevisualstyle with whi2h all s2reen elements @windows. buttons. menus. the &tart menu. et29A are shown9 :sers o1 previous versions will immediately noti2e the de1ault style in Windows XP. whi2h has a more 2olor1ul. 2artoony 1eel than the I2lassi2I style more 2ommon to previous releases9 :n1ortunately. many o1 the new inter1a2e 2han0es in Windows XP. su2h as the new style. are turned on by de1ault9 This 2auses several problems9 irst. these 2han0es widen the 5nowled0e 0ap between novi2es. unaware o1 the ability or means to modi1y their environment. and e>perien2ed Windows users. who will most li5ely restore Windows XP to the I2lassi2I inter1a2e within minutes o1 installation9 &e2ond. seasoned Windows users will avoid Windows XP 1or 1ear o1 bein0 Istu25I with the new inter1a2e9 Third. less(e>perien2ed users who read te2hni2al do2umentation. su2h as this boo5. may be 2on1used by the re1eren2e to s2reen elements that do not appear on their systems9 " prime e>ample is the 3ontrol Panel in Windows XP9 The new de1ault 3ontrol Panel inter1a2e @a 2onse;uen2e o1 the optional Web 3ontent in olders. as dis2ussed in &e2tion #9=9+. later in this 2hapterA separates its 2ontents into several 2ate0ories9 The 2ate0ory sele2tion must there1ore be in2luded as an additional step to any dis2ussion o1 the 3ontrol Panel9 or instan2e. to 2hoose the style @e>plained at the be0innin0 o1 this topi2A. double( 2li25 on the Display i2on in 3ontrol Panel @short notation: 3ontrol Panel DisplayA9 %1. however. i1 you are usin0 the 3ate0ori4ed view o1 3ontrol Panel. you would 2li25 "ppearan2e and Themes in 3ontrol Panel. and then 2li25 Display @short notation: 3ontrol Panel "ppearan2e and Themes DisplayA9 To ma5e the 3ontrol Panel easier to use. turn o11 the 2ate0ori4ed view by 2li25in0 I&wit2h to 3lassi2 BiewI in the le1thand pane9 To turn o11 the le1thand pane alto0ether. 0o to Tools older Options and sele2t I:se Windows 3lassi2 olders9I or simpli2ity. all subse;uent dis2ussion o1 the 3ontrol Panel in this boo5 will assume you're usin0 the 2lassi2 view o1 the 3ontrol Panel9 or more in1ormation on the 3ontrol Panel. see 3hapter ,9 Details on 2han0in0 the inter1a2e in Windows XP so that it more 2losely resembles the standard Windows loo5 and 1eel are in "ppendi> '9 More in1ormation on the &tyle settin0 and its 2onse;uen2es 2an be 1ound in 3hapter /9

,+= "indo#s and 0en&s

"ny open window 2ontains a 1rame with a series o1 standard de2orations. as shown in i0ure #(,9 To move a window 1rom one pla2e to another. 2li25 on the titlebar and dra09 9ig&re ,-7+ The decorations of a standard #indo#) tit(e:ar3 tit(e :&ttons3 men&3 and a scro((a:(e c(ient area

Most types o1 windows are resi4able. meanin0 that you 2an stret2h them hori4ontally and verti2ally to ma5e them smaller or lar0er9 Eust 0rab an ed0e or a 2orner and start dra00in09 There are two short2uts that 2ome in ;uite handy: ma>imi4e and minimi4e9 %1 you 2li25 the ma>imi4e button @the middle button in the 2luster in the upper ri0ht o1 most windowsA. the window will be resi4ed to 1ill the s2reen9 Ma>imi4ed windows 2an't be moved or resi4ed9 %1 you minimi4e a window @the le1t(most button in the 2lusterA. it is shrun5 out o1 si0ht and appears only as a button on the Tas5bar9 Minimi4in0 is handy to 0et windows out o1 the way without 2losin0 them9 :nder 2ertain 2ir2umstan2es. one or two s2rollbars mi0ht appear alon0 the bottom and 1ar(ri0ht o1 a window9 These allow you to move the window's view so that you 2an see all its 2ontents9 This behavior 2an be 2ounterintuitive 1or new users be2ause movin0 the s2rollbar in one dire2tion will 2ause the window's 2ontents to move in the opposite dire2tion9 6oo5 at it this way: the s2rollbar doesn't move the 2ontentsN it moves the viewport9 %ma0ine a very lon0 do2ument with very small type9 Movin0 thes2rollbars is li5e movin0 a ma0ni1yin0 0lass M i1 you move the 0lass down the do2ument and loo5 throu0h the ma0ni1ier. it loo5s li5e the do2ument is movin0 up9 %1 multiple windows are open. only one window has the focus9 The window with the 1o2us is usually @but not alwaysA the one on top o1 all the other windows. and it is usually distin0uished by a border and title that are distin0uished in some way 1rom than the rest. usually appearin0 in a dar5er 2olor9 The window with the 1o2us is the one that responds to 5eystro5es. althou0h any window will respond to mouse 2li25s9 To 0ive any window the 1o2us. Gust 2li25 on any visible portion o1 it. and it will pop to the 1ront9 'e 2are1ul where you 2li25 on the intended window. however. as the 2li25 may 0o 1urther than simply a2tivatin0 it @i1 you 2li25 on a button on a window that doesn't have the 1o2us. 1or e>ample. it will not only a2tivate the window. but press the button as wellA9

There are two other ways to a2tivate @assi0n the 1o2us toA a window9 8ou 2an 2li25 on the Tas5bar button that 2orresponds to the window you wish to a2tivate. and it will be brou0ht to the 1ront9 %1 it is minimi4ed @shrun5 out o1 si0htA. it will be brou0ht ba25 @restoredA to its ori0inal si4e9 The other way is to hold the "lt 5ey and press Tab repeatedly. and then release "lt when the desired pro0ram i2on is hi0hli0hted9 Eust as only one window 2an have the 1o2us at any 0iven time. only one 2ontrol @te>t 1ield. button. 2he25bo>. et29A 2an have the 1o2us at any 0iven time9 Di11erent 2ontrols show 1o2us in di11erent ways: pushbuttons and 2he25bo>es have a dotted re2tan0le. 1or instan2e9 " te>t 1ield @edit bo>A that has the 1o2us will not be visually distin0uished 1rom the rest. but it will be the only one with a blin5in0 te>t 2ursor @insertion pointA9 To assi0n the 1o2us to a di11erent 2ontrol. Gust 2li25 on it or use the Tab 5ey @hold &hi1t to 0o ba25wardsA9 O1ten. new and veteran users are 2on1used and 1rustrated when they try to type into a window and nothin0 happens M this is 2aused by nothin0 more than the wron0 window havin0 the 1o2us9 @%'ve seen s5illed tou2h typists 2omplete an entire senten2e without loo5in0. only to reali4e that they 1or0ot to 2li25 1irst9A !ven i1 the desired window is in 1ront. the wron0 2ontrol @or even the menuA may have the 1o2us9

%1 you 1re;uently 1ind yoursel1 mista5in0 whi2h window has the 1o2us. you 2an 2han0e the 2olors Windows uses to distin0uish the a2tive window by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel Display "ppearan2e %na2tive Title 'ar9
&ome windows 2an be 2on1i0ured to be Always on ,op9 This means that they will appear above other windows. even i1 they don't have the 1o2us9 loatin0 toolbars. the Tas5bar. and some help s2reens are 2ommon e>amples9 %1 you have two windows that are "lways on Top. they behave the same as normal windows. sin2e one 2an 2over another i1 it is a2tivated. but both will always appear in their own IlayerI above all the normal windows9 The Des5top is also a spe2ial 2ase9 "lthou0h it 2an have the 1o2us. it will never appear above any other window9 To a22ess somethin0 on the Des5top. you have two 2hoi2es: minimi4e all open windows by holdin0 the Windows lo0o 5ey @not on all 5eyboardsA and pressin0 the D 5ey. or press the &how Des5top button on the Cui25 6aun2h toolbar @dis2ussed in 3hapter /A to temporarily hide all runnin0 appli2ations9 Most windows have a menu bar. 2ommonly 2ontainin0 standard menu items li5e ile. !dit. Biew. and 7elp. as well as appli2ation(spe2i1i2 menus9 3li25 on the menu title to drop it down. and then 2li25 on an item in the menu to e>e2ute it9 "ny menu item with a small bla25 arrow that points to the ri0ht leads to a se2ondary. 2as2adin0 menu with more options. as shown in i0ure #(/9 Denerally. menus drop down and 2as2adin0 menus open to the ri0htN i1 there isn't room. Windows pops them in the opposite dire2tion9 %1 you wish to 2an2el a menu. simply 2li25 anywhere outside o1 the menu bar9 &ee &e2tion #9+. 1or details on navi0atin0 menus with 5eys9

One thin0 that is o1ten perple>in0 to new Windows XP users is the dynami2 nature o1 its menus9 or instan2e. menu items that appear 0rayed are temporarily disabled9 @ or e>ample. some appli2ations won't let you save i1 you haven't made any 2han0es9A "lso 2ommon are 2onte>t(sensitive

menus. whi2h a2tually 2han0e based on what you're doin0 or what is sele2ted9
!a2h window also has a system menu hidden behind the little i2on on the le1t 2orner o1 the titlebar @see %tem -# in i0ure #(,A9 8ou 2an open the menu by 2li25in0 on the little i2on. by pressin0 "lt(spa2e. or by ri0ht(2li25in0 on a button on the Tas5bar9 The &ystem menu dupli2ates the 1un2tion o1 the ma>imi4e. minimi4e. and 2lose buttons at the ri0ht end o1 the titlebar. as well as the resi4in0 and movin0 you 2an do with the mouse9 :sin0 this menu lets you move or resi4e the window without the mouse9 @&ee &e2tion #9+. the ne>t se2tion. 1or details9A The system menu 1or 1older windows also behaves li5e the i2ons 1or 1older windows and 2an be a 2onvenient way to delete an open 1older9 inally. the system menu 1or 2ommand( line appli2ations @su2h as the 2ommand prompt and TelnetA provides a22ess to the 2lipboard 1or 2ut. 2opy. and paste a2tions. as well as settin0s 1or the 1ont si4e and toolbar @i1 appli2ableA9

,+> ?e :oard 'cce(erators

Windows' primary inter1a2e is 0raphi2al. meanin0 that you point and 2li25 to intera2t with it9 The problem is that repeated 2li25in0 2an be2ome very 2umbersome. espe2ially 1or repetitive tas5s9 6u25ily. Windows has an e>tensive array o1 key*oard accelerators @sometimes 2alled key*oard shortcuts or hotkeysA that provide a simple 5eyboard alternative to almost every 1eature normally a22essible with the mouse9 &ome o1 these 5eyboard a22elerators @su2h as - 1or help. 3trl(3 to 2opy. and 3trl(B topasteA date ba25 more than twenty years and are nearly universal. while others are spe2i1i2 to Windows XP or a 0iven appli2ation9 "ppendi> 3 0ives a 2omplete list o1 5eyboard a22elerators9 &ome o1 the most important ones are des2ribed below: #enu na.igation %n any window that has a menu. press the "lt 5ey or the -$ 5ey to a2tivate the menu bar. and use the 2ursor @arrowA 5eys to move around9 Press !nter to a2tivate the 2urrently sele2ted item or !s2 to 2an2el9 8ou 2an also a2tivate spe2i1i2 menus with the 5eyboard9 When you press "lt or -$. ea2h menu item will have a sin0le 2hara2ter that is underlined @su2h the B in /iewAN when you see this 2hara2ter. it means you 2an press "lt(B @1or e>ampleA to 0o dire2tly to that menu9 On2e that menu has opened. you 2an a2tivate any spe2i1i2 item pressin0 the 2orrespondin0 5ey @su2h as D 1or DetailsA M you don't even need to press "lt this time9 The abbreviated notation 1or this is "lt(BPD @whi2h means press "lt and B to0ether. and then press DA9 8ou'll noti2e that it's mu2h 1aster than usin0 the mouse9 The other way to a2tivate spe2i1i2 menu items is to use the spe2ial 5eyboard short2uts shown to the ri0ht o1 ea2h menu item @where appli2ableA9 or e>ample. open the !dit menu in most windows. and you'll see that 3trlPF is a short2ut 1or :ndo. 3trl(B is a short2ut 1or Paste. and 3trl(" is a short2ut 1or &ele2t "ll9 These are even 1aster than the navi0ation hot5eys des2ribed above9 " 1ew notes: not all menu items have this type o1 5eyboard short2ut. and these short2uts only wor5 1rom within the appli2ation that IownsI the menu9 The spe2ial 2ase is the &tart menu. whi2h 2an be a2tivated by pressin0 the windows lo0o 5ey @i1 your 5eyboard has oneA or 3trl(!s2. re0ardless o1 the a2tive window9 "1ter that. it wor5s pretty mu2h li5e any other menu9 Note that on2e a menu has been a2tivated. you 2an mi> pointer 2li25s and 5eystro5es9 or e>ample. you 2ould pop up the &tart menu with the mouse.

then type S 1or settin0s. and then 2li25 on 3ontrol Panel9 Or you 2ould type 3trl(!s2. and then 2li25 &hut Down9 %1 there is a 2on1li2t and multiple items on a menu have the same a22elerator 5ey. pressin0 the 5ey repeatedly will 2y2le throu0h the options9 8ou must press !nter when the 2orre2t menu item is hi0hli0hted to a2tually ma5e the sele2tion9 Window manipulation without the mouse The system menu. des2ribed in the previous se2tion. 1a2ilitates the resi4in0 and movin0 o1 windows with the 5eyboard only9 Press "lt(spa2e to open the a2tive window's system menu. and then 2hoose the desired a2tion9 %1 you 2hoose to move the window. the mouse pointer will 2han0e to a little 1our( pointed arrow. whi2h is your 2ue to use the 2ursor @arrowA 5eys to do the a2tual movin09 6i5ewise. sele2tin0 Resi4e will allow you to stret2h any window ed0e usin0 the 2ursor 5eys9 %n either 2ase. press !nter when you're happy with the result. or press !s2 to 2an2el the operation9 %1 a window 2an't be resi4ed or minimi4ed. 1or e>ample. those menu items will not be present9 Note that system menus wor5 Gust li5e normal menus. so you 2ould press "lt(spa2ePM to be0in movin0 a window9 !diting %n most appli2ations. 3trl(X will 2ut a sele2ted item to an invisible stora0e area 2alled the3lipboard. 3trl(3 will 2opy it to the 3lipboard. and 3trl(B will paste it into a new lo2ation9 :sin0 the Delete 5ey will simply erase the sele2tion @or delete the 1ileA9 There is a sin0le. system(wide 2lipboard shared by all appli2ations9 This 2lipboard lets you 2opy somethin0 1rom a do2ument in one pro0ram and paste it into another do2ument in another pro0ram9 8ou 2an paste the same data repeatedly until it's repla2ed on the 3lipboard by new data9 &ee 3hapter / 1or more in1ormation on the 3lipboard9

While you probably thin5 o1 2ut(and(paste operations as somethin0 you do with sele2ted te>t or 0raphi2s in an appli2ation. the same 5eys 2an be used 1or 1ile operations9 or e>ample. sele2t a 1ile on the Des5top and press 3trl(X9 Then move to another 1older. press 3trl(B. and Windows will move the 1ile to the new lo2ation Gust as thou0h you dra00ed and dropped it9
Ctrl0Alt0Del :nli5e Windows *>?Me. simultaneously pressin0 the 3trl. "lt. and Del 5eys opens the IWindows &e2urityI window rather than a shutdown dialo09 The Windows &e2urity window provides a22ess to several important 1eatures9 The most use1ul is the Tas5 Mana0er. whi2h. amon0 other thin0s. allows you to 2lose 2rashed appli2ations9 &ee 3hapter , 1or details9 Alt0,a* and Alt0!sc 'oth o1 these 5ey 2ombinations swit2h between open windows. albeit in di11erent ways9 "lt(Tab pops up a little window with an i2on representin0 ea2h runnin0 pro0rams M hold "lt and press Tab repeatedly to move the sele2tion9 "lt(!s2 has no windowN instead. it simply sends the a2tive window to the bottom o1 the pile and a2tivates the ne>t one in the row9 Note that "lt(Tab also in2ludes minimi4ed windows. but "lt(!s2 does not9 %1 there's only one open window. neither 5eystro5e has any e11e2t9 "lso. neither method a2tivates the &tart menu @3trl(!s2A or the Des5top9 ,a* and arrow keys Within a window. Tab will move the 1o2us 1rom one 2ontrol to the ne>tN use &hi1t(Tab to move ba25wards9 " 2ontrol may be a te>t 1ield. a drop(down list. a pushbutton. or any number o1 other 2ontrols9 or e>ample. in a 1older window. Tab will swit2h between the drop(down list in the toolbar and the

1ile display area9 :se arrow 5eys in either area to ma5e a new sele2tion without movin0 the 1o2us9 &ometimes a dialo0 bo> will have one or more re0ions. indi2ated by a re2tan0ular bo> within the dialo0 bo>9 The arrow 5eys will 2y2le throu0h buttons or 1ields only within the 2urrent re0ions9 Tab will 2ross re0ion boundaries and 2y2le throu0h all the buttons or 1ields in the dialo0 bo>9 %1 there's only one 2ontrol. su2h as in a simple 1older window. Tab has no e11e2t9 %n some appli2ations. su2h as word pro2essors and spreadsheets. Tab is assi0ned to a di11erent 1un2tion @su2h as indentin0A9

,+@ Common Contro(s

Many appli2ation and system windows use a 2ommon set o1 2ontrols in addition to the ubi;uitous titlebar. menubar. system menu. and s2rollbars9 This se2tion des2ribes a 1ew o1 these 2ommon 2ontrols9 i0ure #() shows some o1 the 2ommon 2ontrols in 3ontrol Panel Display &2reen &aver and the additional dialo0 bo> that pops up 1rom its &ettin0s button9 9ig&re ,-=+ Common contro(s in "indo#s app(ications and dia(ogs

&ome o1 these 2ontrols in2lude: 123 ,a**ed dialogs &ettin0s may be 0rouped into separate tabbed dialo0 pa0es9 or e>ample. see 3ontrol Panel &ystem or 3ontrol Panel Display9 3li25 on any tab to brin0 that pa0e to the 1ront9 143 $adio *uttons Radio buttons are used 1or mutually e>2lusive settin0s9 3li25in0 on one 2auses any other that has been pressed to pop up. Gust li5e on an old 2ar radio9 The button with the dot in the middle is the one that has been sele2ted9 &ometimes you'll see more than one 0roup o1 buttons. with a separate outline around ea2h 0roup9 %n this 2ase. you 2an sele2t one radio button 1rom ea2h 0roup9 153 Drop0down lists "ny time you see a downward(pointin0 arrow ne>t to a te>t 1ield. 2li25 on the arrow to drop down a list o1 other values9 O1ten. a drop(down list 2ontains a history o1 previous entries you've made into a te>t entry 1ield9 Pressin0 the 1irst letter will o1ten Gump to that pla2e in the list. as lon0 as the

163

1'3

183

1<3 1(3

list has the 1o2us9 The down arrow @or ,A will also drop down the 2urrently sele2ted list9 The arrow 5eys will s2roll throu0h the stored entries. even i1 the list is not already dropped down9 Mi2roso1t sometimes 2alls these lists I6oo5 %n 6ists9I or an e>ample. see &tart ind iles or olders Name L 6o2ation9 Check*o"es 3he25bo>es are 0enerally used 1or on?o11 settin0s9 " 2he25mar5 means the settin0 is onN an empty bo> means it's o119 3li25 on the bo> to turn the labeled settin0 on or o119 7rayed0out 1inacti.e3 controls "ny 2ontrol li5e this one that is 0rayed out is disabled be2ause the underlyin0 operation is not 2urrently available9 %n the dialo0 bo> shown in i0ure #(<. you need to 2li25 the IPassword prote2tedI 2he25bo> be1ore you 2an use the 3han0e button9 9:; Cancel; Apply Most dialo0s will have at least an OK and a 3an2el button9 &ome also have "pply9 The di11eren2e is that OK a22epts the settin0s and ;uits the dialo0 and"pply a22epts the 2han0es. but doesn't ;uit9 @This is use1ul in a dialo0 with multiple tabs. so that you 2an apply 2han0es be1ore movin0 to the ne>t tab9A 3an2el ;uits without ma5in0 any 2han0es9 %1 you 2li25 3an2el a1ter 2li25in0 "pply. your 2han0es will probably already have been applied and will not revert to their ori0inal settin0s9 'ut don't be surprised i1 some appli2ations respond di11erently9 Mi2roso1t has never been 2lear with appli2ation developers about the e>pe2ted behavior o1 these buttons9 Counters 8ou 2an either sele2t the number and type in a new value or 2li25 on the up or down arrow to in2rease or de2rease the value9 ,he default *utton When a set o1 buttons is displayed. the de1ault button @the one that will be a2tivated by pressin0 the Enter 5eyA has a bold border around it9 The button or other area in the dialo0 bo> that has the additional dashed outline has the 1o2us9 8ou 2an move the 1o2us by 2li25in0 with the mouse. typin0 the underlined a22elerator 2hara2ter in a button or 1ield label. or pressin0 the Tab or arrow 5eys9 %n some dialo0 bo>es. the de1ault button @the button the !nter 5ey pressesA is hard2oded M it will always be the same @see i0ure #(+A9 9ig&re ,->+ ' ta: containing a hardcoded defa&(t :&tton

%n others. the de1ault button 1ollows the 1o2us 1rom button to button. as in i0ure #( <9 or e>ample. ri0ht(2li25 on the Tas5bar and sele2t Properties9 The Tas5bar Options tab has the OK button hard2oded as the de1ault9 Note that the bold border will stay on this button even when you move the 1o2us amon0 the 2he25bo>es9 The &tart Menu Pro0rams tab does not have a hard2oded de1ault button9 "s you move the 1o2us between buttons. the de1ault button hi0hli0ht moves with it9 Re0ardless o1 whi2h button is the de1ault. pressin0 !s2 always has the same e11e2t as 2li25in0 the 3an2el button: it 2an2els the dialo0 bo>9 9ig&re ,-@+ ' ta: #itho&t a hardcoded defa&(t :&tton

or more in1ormation on these various :% 1eatures. see 3hapter /9

,+A 9i(es3 9o(ders3 and 8isks

iles are the basi2 unit o1 lon0(term stora0e on a 2omputer9 iles are or0ani4ed into 1olders. whi2h are stored on dis5s9 @%n DO&. :ni>. and earlier versions o1 Windows. 1olders were more o1ten re1erred to as directories. but both terms are still used9A This se2tion reviews 1undamental 1ilesystem 2on2epts. in2ludin0 1ile( and dis5( namin0 2onventions and 1ile types9

,+A+* 8isk Names

6i5e every version o1 Windows that pre2eded it. Windows XP retains the basi2 DO&dis5(namin0 2onventions9 Drives are di11erentiated by a sin0le letter o1 the alphabet 1ollowed by a 2olon: A+ Represents the 1irst I1loppyI @usually /9)(in2hA dis5 drive on the system %+ Represents the se2ond 1loppy dis5 drive. i1 present C+ Represents the 1irst hard dis5 drive or the 1irst partition o1 the 1irst hard dis5 drive D+ O1ten represents a 3D(ROM drive. but 2an represent an additional hard dis5 drive or other removable drive !+ 0 =+ Represent additional hard dis5 drives. removable 2artrid0es su2h as Fip or Ea4 drives. or mapped networ5 drives 'y de1ault. driver letters are assi0ned 2onse2utively. but it's possible to 2han0e the drive letters 1or most drives so that you 2an have a drive N+ without havin0 a drive #+9

,+A+, Pathnames
olders. whi2h 2ontain 1iles. are stored hierar2hi2ally on a dis5 and 2an be nested to any arbitrary level9 The 1ilesystem on any dis5 be0ins with the root @top(levelA dire2tory. represented as a ba25slash9 Thus C+\ represents the root dire2tory on the C+ drive9 !a2h additional nested dire2tory is simply listed a1ter its Iparent.I with ba25slashes used to separate ea2h one9 c+\Windows\System\Color means that the Color 1older is in the System 1older in the Windows 1older on the C+ drive9 Thus a path to any 0iven 1older 2an be e>pressed as a sin0le strin0 o1 1older names9 " path 2an be absolute @always startin0 with a drive letterA or relative @re1eren2ed with respe2t to the 2urrent dire2toryA9 The 2on2ept o1 a current directory is somewhat obsolete in Windows XP. with the e>2eption o1 2ommands issued 1rom the 2ommand prompt9 !a2h 2ommand prompt window has an a2tive 1older asso2iated with it. to whi2h ea2h 2ommand is dire2ted9 or e>ample. i1 the 2urrent dire2tory is c+\windows. and you were to type DIR @the dire2tory listin0 2ommandA. you would 0et a listin0 o1 the 1iles in that 1older9 %1 you were to then type CD cursors. the 2urrent dire2tory would then be2ome c+\windows\cursors9 The 1a2t that the entire. absolute path was not needed a1ter the 3D 2ommand is an e>ample o1 the use o1 a relative path9 " spe2ial type o1 relative path is made up o1 one or more dots9 The names . and .. re1er to the 2urrent dire2tory and the parent o1 that dire2tory. respe2tively @c+\windows is the parent 1older o1 c+\windows\cursors. 1or e>ampleA9 Type CD .. while in c+\windows. and the 2urrent dire2tory be2omes simply C+\9 "dditional dots @.... ..... and so onA move up more levels at a time @to the 0randparent and

0reat(0randparent. so to spea5A9 The 0raphi2al e;uivalent o1 .. is the yellow 1older i2on with the 2urved arrow. 1ound in 2ommon 1ile dialo0s9 The le1t pane in Windows !>plorer @by de1aultA 2ontains a hierar2hi2al tree( stru2tured view o1 the 1ilesystem9 The tree stru2ture ma5es it easier to navi0ate throu0h all the 1olders on your system. sin2e it provides a 0raphi2al overview o1 the stru2ture9 &ee 3hapter / 1or more in1ormation on the tree and 3hapter , 1or more in1ormation on the !>plorer appli2ation9

,+A+2 Paths to Net#ork %eso&rces

iles on any shared networ5 2an be re1erred to via a :niversal Namin0 3onvention @:N3A pathname. whi2h is very similar to a path @des2ribed in the previous se2tionA9 The 1irst element o1 a :N3 pathname is the name o1 the 2omputer or devi2e that 2ontains the 1ile. pre1i>ed by a double ba25slash9 The se2ond element is the devi2e's share name9 What 1ollows is the strin0 o1 1olders leadin0 to the tar0et 1older or 1ile9 or e>ample. the :N3 path \shoe*o"\o\hemp\adriana)t"t re1ers to a 1ile named adrianna)t"t. lo2ated in the hemp 1older. lo2ated on drive 9+. lo2ated on a 2omputer named shoe*o"9 or more in1ormation on :N3 pathnames and sharin0 resour2es on a networ5. see 3hapter <9

,+A+7 Short Names and Long Names

DO& and Windows /9-. the Mi2roso1t operatin0 systems that pre2eeded Windows *) and Windows NT. only supported 1ilenames with a ma>imum o1 ei0ht 2hara2ters. plus a three(2hara2ter 1ile type e>tension @e909. myfile)t"tA9 The ma>imum len0th o1 any path was =$ 2hara2ters @see &e2tion #9=9#. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on paths9A 6e0al 2hara2ters in2luded any 2ombination o1 letters and numbers. e>tended "&3%% 2hara2ters with values 0reater than -#<. and the 1ollowin0 pun2tuation 2hara2ters: RST'U1I(VW67>M &pa2es were not allowed9 Windows XP supports lon0 1ilenames @up to #+$ 2hara2tersA. whi2h 2an in2lude spa2es as well as the additional pun2tuation 2hara2ters: RST'U1I(VW67>MX,YO02. or e>ample. a 1ile 2ould be named Picture of my Niece)>pg. and 2ould be lo2ated in a 1older named ?amily Photos9 urthermore. e>tensions are no lon0er limited to / 2hara2tersN 1or e>ample. )html is per1e2tly valid @and distin2tly di11erent 1rom 9htmA9 or more in1ormation on 1ile e>tensions. see the dis2ussion o1 1ile types in 3hapter <9 The ma>imum len0th o1 any path in Windows XP depends on the 1ilesystem you're usin0 @NT &. "T/#. et29A9 or more in1ormation on 1ilesystems. see "ppendi> "9 Windows XP's 1ilesystem is 2ase preservin0. but also 2ase insensitive9 or e>ample. the 2ase o1 a 1ile named ?oo%ar)t"t will be preserved with the 2apital and '. but i1 you were to type FOO ar in a 1ile open dialo0 bo>. Windows would re2o0ni4e it as the same 1ile9 6on0 1ilenames are 2ompatible with all modern versions o1 Windows. but to maintain 2ompatibilty with DO& pro0rams and appli2ations written 1or Windows /9>. Windows XP maintains a short 2ounterpart to every lon0 1ilename9 The short name 2onsists o1 the 1irst si> letters o1 the lon0 name. a tilde. a number 1rom - to * @the number is in2remented to prevent two lon0 1ilenames bein0 lin5ed to the same short 1ilenameN a1ter Q*. those si> 2hara2ters are redu2ed to 1iveA. and the 1ile type e>tension. i1 any9 @%1 an e>tension is lon0er than three 2hara2ters. only the 1irst three 2hara2ters appear9A "ny spa2es in the 1irst si> 2hara2ters are removed9 The easiest way to investi0ate short 1ilenames is to use the 2ommand prompt @see 3hapter + 1or detailsA9 %1. 1or e>ample. you had a 1ile named Adrianna)html and you

typed DIR adrian!".htm. you'd have a mat2h9 The same rules apply to 1older names: \Program ?iles be2omes \P$97$A@29 or the most part. these short 1ilenames are o1 little importan2e i1 you only use appli2ations that are lon0 1ilename(aware. but they may 2ome up. 1or instan2e. i1 you share 1iles with a user o1 an older 2omputer9

,+A+= 9i(e T pes and 6!tensions

Most 1iles have a 1ilename e>tension. the @usually threeA letters that appear a1ter the last dot in any 1ile's name9 7ere are some 2ommon 1ile e>tensions: )"ls "n !>2el spreadsheet )t"t " te>t 1ile @ to be opened with NotepadA )html " hyperte>t mar5up lan0ua0e 1ile. 2ommonly 5nown as a web pa0e )>pg " EP!D ima0e 1ile. used to store photos "lthou0h ea2h o1 these 1iles hold very di11erent types o1 data. the only way Windows di11erentiates them is by their 1ilename e>tension9 7ow Windows is able to determine a 0iven 1ile's type is important 1or several reasons. espe2ially be2ause it is the basis 1or the asso2iations that lin5 do2uments with the appli2ations that 2reated them9 or e>ample. when you double(2li25 on a 1ile named donkey)html. Windows loo5s up the e>tension in the Re0istry @see 3hapter <A. and then. by de1ault. opens the 1ile in your web browser9 Rename the 1ile to donkey)>pg. and the asso2iation 2han0es as well9 @The e>2eption to this is a spe2ial. invisible lin5 shared only by Mi2roso1t O11i2e do2uments9 %1 you rename an O11i2e #$$$ do2ument @say. donkey)doc to donkey)stu**ornA and double(2li25 it. Windows will still open it in Word9 :n1ortunately. this me2hanism is not available 1or any non(O11i2e 1ile types9A The lesson here is that 1ilename e>tensions are not a reliable 0uide to a 1ile's type. despite how heavily Windows XP relies on them9 What 2an ma5e it even more 1rustratin0 is that 5nown 1ilename e>tensions are hidden by Windows XP by de1ault. but un1amiliar e>tensions are shown9 Rename donkey)"yA @a unasso2iated e>tensionA to donkey)t"t. and the e>tension simply disappears in !>plorer9 Or. try to di11erentiate donkey)t"t 1rom donkey)doc when the e>tensions are hidden9 To instru2t Windows to show all e>tensions. 0o to 3ontrol Panel older Options Biew. and turn o11 the I7ide 1ile e>tensions 1or 5nown 1ile typesI option9 To see all the 2on1i0ured 1ile e>tensions on your system. 0o to 3ontrol Panel older Options ile Types9 More in1ormation on ile Types 2an be 1ound in 3hapter ,9 "ppendi> 2ontains a list o1 2ommon 1ilename e>tensions and their des2riptions9

,+A+> Vie#s Thro&gh 9o(der "indo#s

Double(2li25 on a 1older i2on. and you'll see the 2ontents o1 the 1older9 6oo5 at the status bar @turn it on with the Biew menu i1 it's absentA 1or summary in1ormation. su2h as the number o1 items in the 1older. the total si4e o1 the 2ontents. and the amount o1 1ree dis5 spa2e9 Dependin0 on your settin0s. thei2ons may be shown in any o1 1ive di11erent 1ormats:Thumbnails.Tiles. %2ons. 6ist. orDetails9 %1 you're loo5in0 at a 1older 1ull o1 ima0es. the Thumbnails settin0s @in the Biew menuA mi0ht be use1ul9 The %2ons settin0 resembles the way 1iles and 1olders are shown on the Des5top. but the Details view shows the most in1ormation9 To 2ustomi4e the 2olumns in the Details view. use Biew 3hoose Details9 i0ure #(= shows the Details view o1 a 1older9

9ig&re ,-A+ Sort fo(der (istings : c(icking on co(&mn headers or change co(&mn #idths : dragging :o&ndaries :et#een the headers

Windows XP will remember the view settin0 1or ea2h 1older by de1ault and will display it the same way the ne>t time the 1older is opened9 @%1 a lon0 time passes be1ore you open a 1older a0ain. Windows will 1or0et its settin0s9A 8ou 2an turn this settin0 o11 by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel older Options Biew Remember ea2h 1older's view settin0s9 %n addition to the i2on styles. three other elements are o1 interest in older Windows: the !>plorer 'ar. the Web Biew. and the !>plorer toolbar9 The 1irst is the !>plorer 'ar. whi2h usually 2ontains the 1older tree @2alled simply oldersA9 %1 you press 3trl( or /. the 1older tree disappears and a sear2h bo> is put in its pla2e9 :se Biew !>plorer 'ar to a22ess the other thin0s that 2an appear in that pane. or to hide it entirely9 Note that the window i2on 2han0es to re1le2t the !>plorer 'ar settin0. implyin0 that the primary 1un2tion o1 the window has 2han0ed9 %1 you don't want the 2urrent state o1 the window to 2han0e. say. when you want to sear2h 1or a 1ile. you'll have to open a new 1older window and sear2h 1rom there9 The se2ond element is what is 2ommonly 5nown as the Web Biew. and in Windows XP. is more spe2i1i2ally 5nown as Web 3ontent in olders9 The Web Biew. 1irst introdu2ed in Windows *=. is intended to provide more in1ormation than is normally available in a bare 1older window9 Mi2roso1t has 2han0ed the appearan2e and 2ontents o1 the Web Biew in ea2h su22essive release o1 Windows. althou0h it has never proven to be espe2ially use1ul9 @ or e>ample. it provides little in1ormation that isn't already available in the Details view9A :n1ortunately. the Web Biew in Windows XP is no di11erent9 The I3ommon Tas5sI 1eature repla2es the Web Biew pane 1ound in earlier versions o1 Windows. and 2an be turned on or o11 by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel older Options and sele2tin0 the I&how 2ommon tas5s in 1oldersI or I:se Windows 2lassi2 1oldersI options. respe2tively9 %1 the 3ommon Tas5s pane is visible. you 2an 2ollapse and e>pand the bo>es by 2li25in0 on the little arrows9 :nli5e the earlier Web Biew pane. however. the 3ommon Tas5s pane is not 2ustomi4able9 "lthou0h there is a 3ustomi4e this older option in the !>plorer Biew menu. it's only used 1or 2han0in0 the i2on o1 the 2urrently sele2ted 1older9 The third element is the Toolbar9 The !>plorer Toolbar. li5e toolbars in most appli2ations. provides ;ui25 a22ess to some o1 the more 1re;uently used 1eatures. all o1 whi2h are otherwise a22essible throu0h the menus and with 5eyboard a22elerators9 !nable. disable. and 2ustomi4e the toolbar Biew Toolbar9 One o1 the 2omponents in the Toolbar. the "ddress 'ar. is most use1ul with %nternet !>plorer. but 2an be o1 some use in ordinary 1older windows9 or e>ample. you 2an

type the path to a 1older. press !nter. and the 1older's 2ontents will be shown in the 2urrent window9 This 2an o1ten be 1aster than navi0atin0 with the 1older tree or usin0 several 2onse2utive 1older windows9 &ee 3hapter + 1or details on usin0 the "ddress 'ar9 i0ure #(* shows the buttons on the Toolbar 1or a 1older9 9ig&re ,-.+ The Too(:ar provides <&ick access to fre<&ent( &sed f&nctionsB the Stat&s Bar sho#s additiona( information a:o&t se(ected icons

"lthou0h ea2h new 1older window you open will appear with Mi2roso1t's de1ault settin0s. it's possible to modi1y those de1aults9 &tart by 2on1i0urin0 a 1older a22ordin0 to your pre1eren2es: 2hoose the i2on si4e. the sort order. et29 Then. 0o to Tools older Options Biew. and 2li25 6i5e 3urrent older9 The settin0 will then be used 1or ea2h new sin0le 1older window that is opened9

%1 you 2li25 Windows !>plorer in the &tart menu. you'll 0et a 1older window with the 1older tree shown in the le1t pane @as opposed to a 1older window opened by double(2li25in0 on a 1older i2onA9 This window is 2ommonly re1erred to simply as !>plorer. and althou0h the ri0ht pane loo5s Gust li5e a sin0le 1older window without the tree pane. Windows XP treats them sli0htly di11erently9 or e>ample. i1 you use the 6i5e 3urrent older button in a sin0le 1older window. as des2ribed above. Windows will use your pre1eren2es 1or all sin0le 1older windows. but not 1or !>plorer9 6i5ewise. saved settin0s in !>plorer aren't re1le2ted in sin0le 1older windows9 'e2ause o1 this. you may 1eel li5e you have to Gump throu0h several hoops in order to set your pre1eren2es in all the windows you useN un1ortunately. there's no easier way9 ,+A+@ ?e :oard 'cce(erators in 9o(der "indo#s

&ome 5eyboard a22elerators are espe2ially use1ul in !>plorer and 1older windows9 These are used in addition to the various 5eys des2ribed in &e2tion #9#. earlier in this 2hapter9 7old the "lt 5ey while double(2li25in0 on a 1ile or 1older to view the Properties window 1or that obGe2t9 7old the &hi1t 5ey while double(2li25in0 on a 1older to open an !>plorer window @with the tree viewA at that lo2ation9 @'e 2are1ul when usin0 this be2ause &hi1t is also used to sele2t multiple 1iles9 The best way is to sele2t the 1ile 1irst9A Press 'a25spa2e in an open 1older to 0o to the parent @2ontainin0A 1older9 7old "lt while pressin0 the le1t 2ursor 5ey to navi0ate to the previously viewed 1older9 Note that this is not ne2essarily the parent 1older. but rather the last 1older opened in !>plorer9 8ou 2an also hold "lt while pressin0 the ri0ht 2ursor 5ey to move in the opposite dire2tion @i9e9. 1orwardAN this is similar to the 'a25 and Ne>t buttons in %nternet !>plorer. respe2tively9 The Windows !>plorer toolbar also has 'a25 and Ne>t buttons9 7old the &hi1t 5ey while 2li25in0 on the 2lose button @the # in the upper ri0ht 2orner o1 the window on the menu barA to 2lose all open 1olders that were used to 0et to that 1older9 @This. o1 2ourse. ma5es sense only in the sin0le( 1older view and with the IOpen ea2h 1older in its own windowI option turned on9A Press 3trl(" to ;ui25ly sele2t all 2ontents o1 a 1older: both 1iles and 1olders9 %n !>plorer or any sin0le(1older window. press a letter 5ey to ;ui25ly Gump to the 1irst 1ile or 1older startin0 with that letter9 3ontinue typin0 to Gump 1urther9 or e>ample. pressin0 the N 5ey in your \Windows 1older will Gump to NetBood9 Press N a0ain to Gump to the ne>t obGe2t that starts with N9 Or. press N and then ;ui25ly press O to s5ip all the Ns and Gump to notepad)e"e9 %1 there's enou0h o1 a delay between the N and the O 5eys. !>plorer will 1or0et about the N. and you'll Gump to the 1irst entry that starts withO9

,+A+A 'dvanced 8rag-8rop Techni<&es

&ome o1 the basi2s o1 dra0(drop are dis2ussed in &e2tion #9#. earlier in this 2hapter. but you 2an use some advan2ed te2hni;ues to have more 2ontrol when you're dra00in0 and droppin0 items9 Naturally. it's important to be able to anti2ipate what will happen when you dra0(drop an item be1ore you a2tually do the droppin09 The problem is that dra0(drop is handled di11erently in various situations. so sometimes you'll need to modi1y your behavior to a2hieve the desired result9 7ere are the rules that Windows 1ollows when determinin0 how dropped 1iles are handled: %1 you dra0 an obGe2t 1rom one pla2e to another on the same physi2al drive @c+\docs to c+\ filesA. the obGe2t is moved9 %1 you dra0 an obGe2t 1rom one physi2al drive to another physi2al drive @c+\docs to d+\ filesA. the obGe2t is 2opied. resultin0 in two identi2al 1iles on your system9

%1 you dra0 an obGe2t 1rom one physi2al drive to another physi2al drive and then ba25 to the 1irst physi2al drive. but in a di11erent 1older @c+\docs to d+\ files to c+\stuff A. you'll end up with three 2opies o1 the obGe2t9 %1 you dra0 an appli2ation e>e2utable @an !X! 1ileA. the same rules apply to it that apply to other obGe2ts. with the 1ollowin0 e>2eptions:J#K
The behavior in Windows XP is the same as in Windows Me and Windows #$$$. but a little di11erent 1rom Windows *). *=. and NT ,: in these releases. dra00in0 an !X! 1ile anywhere 2reated a short2ut9
J#K

%1 you dra0 any 1ile named setup)e"e or install)e"e 1rom one pla2e to another. Windows will 2reate a short2ut to the 1ile. re0ardless o1 the sour2e or destination 1older9 %1 you dra0 any 1ile with the )e"e 1ilename e>tension into any portion o1 your &tart menu or into any sub1older o1 your &tart Menu 1older. Windows will 2reate a short2ut to the 1ile9 Dra00in0 other 1ile types @do2uments. s2ript 1iles. or other short2utsA to the &tart menu will simply move or 2opy them there. a22ordin0 to the previous rules9

%1 you dra0 a system obGe2t @su2h as an item in the My 3omputer window or 3ontrol PanelA anywhere. a warnin0 is displayed and a short2ut to the item is 2reated9 This. o1 2ourse. is a 2onse;uen2e o1 the 1a2t that these obGe2ts aren't a2tually 1iles and 2an't be dupli2ated or removed 1rom their ori0inal lo2ations9 %1 you dra0 system i2ons or items that appear within system 1olders. su2h as My Do2uments. %nternet !>plorer. or the Re2y2le 'in. any number o1 di11erent thin0s 2an happen. ea2h dependin0 on the spe2i1i2 2apabilities o1 the obGe2t9 or e>ample. i1 you dra0 a re2ently deleted 1ile 1rom the Re2y2le 'in. it will always be moved. sin2e ma5in0 a 2opy o1. or a short2ut to. a deleted 1ile ma5es no sense9

%1 you have trouble rememberin0 these rules. or i1 you run into a 2on1usin0 situation. you 2an always 1all ba25 on the in1ormation Windows provides you while you're dra00in0. in the 1orm o1 the mouse 2ursor9 " small plus si0n CDE appears ne>t to the pointer when 2opyin0. and a 2urved arrow appears when 2reatin0 ashort2ut9 %1 you see no symbol. the obGe2t will be moved9 This visual 1eedba25 is very importantN it 2an eliminate a lot o1 stupid mista5es i1 you pay attention to it9 7ere's how to 2ontrol what happens when you dra0(drop an item: To 2opy an obGe2t under any situation. hold the 3trl 5ey while dra00in09 %1 you press 3trl be1ore you 2li25. Windows assumes you're still sele2tin0 1iles. so ma5e sure to press it only a1ter you've started dra00in0 but be1ore you let 0o o1 that mouse button9 O1 2ourse. this won't wor5 1or system obGe2ts li5e 3ontrol Panel items M a short2ut will be 2reated re0ardless9 :sin0 the 3trl 5ey in this way will also wor5 when dra00in0 a 1ile 1rom one part o1 a 1older to another part o1 the same 1older. whi2h is an easy way to dupli2ate a 1ile or 1older9 To move an obGe2t under any situation. hold the &hi1t 5ey while dra00in09 6i5ewise. i1 you press &hi1t be1ore you 2li25. Windows assumes you're still sele2tin0 1iles. so ma5e sure to press it only a1ter you've started dra00in0 but be1ore you let 0o o1 that mouse button9 This also won't wor5 1or system obGe2ts li5e 3ontrol Panel items M a short2ut will be 2reated re0ardless9

To 2reate ashort2ut to an obGe2t under any situation. hold the 3trl and &hi1t 5eys simultaneously while dra00in09 %1 you try to ma5e a short2ut that points to another short2ut. the short2ut will simply be 2opied @dupli2atedA9 To 2hoose what happens to dra00ed 1iles ea2h time without havin0 to press any 5eys. dra0 your 1iles with the ri0ht mouse button and a spe2ial menu will appear when the 1iles are dropped9 This 2onte>t menu is espe2ially help1ul be2ause it will display only options appropriate to the type o1 obGe2t you're dra00in0 and the pla2e where you've dropped it9

,+. The Command Line

Many o1 those who are new to 2omputers will never have heard o1 the2ommand line. also 5nown as the 2ommand prompt or the Dis5 Operatin0 &ystem @DO&A prompt9 @DO& was the operatin0 system used by most P3s be1ore Windows be2ame ubi;uitous9 The 2ommand line in DO& was the only way to start pro0rams and mana0e 1iles9A Those who mi0ht have used older P3s may remember the 2ommand line. but may be under the impression that it's purely a thin0 o1 the past9 "dvan2ed users. on the other hand. whether they remember the old days o1 the DO& 2ommand line or not. have probably learned the advanta0es o1 the 2ommand(line inter1a2e. even when usin0 Windows XP on a day(to(day basis9 Many tas5s 2an be per1ormed more ;ui25ly by typin0 one or more 2ommands into the 2ommand prompt window9 %n addition. many o1 the pro0rams listed in 3hapter , are 2ommand(line based tools. and some 1amiliarity with the 2ommand prompt is ne2essary i1 you plan to use them9 or 1ull do2umentation on the 2ommand line and the 3ommand Prompt appli2ation. see 3hapter +9 "lso see 3hapter / 1or in1ormation on the "ddress 'ar and &tart Run. two alternatives to the 3ommand Prompt window9 7ere are a 1ew e>amples that show how the 2ommand line 2an be used as an alternative to the D:%: To 2reate a1older 2alled sample in the root dire2tory o1 your hard dis5. and then 2opy all the 1iles 1rom another 1older into the new 1older. 1or e>ample. it 2an be ;ui25er and easier to type: 9/KQmkdir sample 9/KQcop! d" stuff #.# sample than it would to open Windows !>plorer. navi0ate to your d+\stuff 1older. sele2t all the 1iles. 2li25 ile 3opy @or 3trl(3A. navi0ate to the new lo2ation. 2li25 New older. type the 1older name. open the new 1olderN and then 2li25 !dit Paste @or 3trl(BA to 2opy in the 1iles9 That's a he25 o1 a senten2e. and a he25 o1 a lot o1 steps 1or what 2an be a22omplished with the two simple 2ommands shown above9 On2e you learn the a2tual 1ilename o1 a pro0ram rather than its &tart menu short2ut name @as des2ribed in 3hapter ,A. it's almost always ;ui25er to start it 1rom the Run prompt or the "ddress 'ar @see belowA than it is to navi0ate the &tart menu hierar2hy9 Whi2h is really easierH 3li25in0 your way throu0h 1our menus: &tart Pro0rams "22essories &ystem Tools 3hara2ter Map

or typin0:

charmap into the Run prompt or "ddress 'ar and pressin0 the !nter 5eyH Typin0 a 2ommand is mu2h 1aster than 2are1ully dra00in0 the mouse throu0h 2as2adin0 menus. where an unintentional slip o1 the mouse 2an 0et you somewhere entirely di11erent than you planned9 inally. many use1ul pro0rams don't appear on any menu in the &tart menu9 On2e you 5now what you're doin0. you 2an put short2uts to su2h pro0rams in the &tart menu or on the Des5top M but on2e you 5now what you're doin0. you mi0ht Gust 1ind it easier to type the pro0ram name9

,+*1 On(ine 5e(p

Most windows have some de0ree o1 online do2umentation. in the 1orm o1 a 7elp menu that you 2an pull down with the mouse or by typin0 "lt(79 %n addition. you 2an press - at almost any time to display help9 %n some situations. pressin0 - will only display a tiny yellow messa0e @5nown as a tooltipA with a brie1 des2ription o1 the item with the 1o2usN at other times. - will laun2h an online inde> to help topi2s9 &ometimes. - will have no e11e2t whatsoever9 urthermore. i1 you hold the pointer over many s2reen obGe2ts @su2h as items on the Tas5bar or a window's toolbarA. a tooltip may appear9 " tooltip may display nothin0 more than the name o1 the obGe2t to whi2h you're pointin0. but in other 2ases. it may provide additional in1ormation9 or e>ample. pla2in0 the pointer on the system 2lo25 pops up the date9 8ou 2an turn tooltips o11 in the Windows inter1a2e by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel older Options Biew and turnin0 o11 the option I&how pop(up des2ription 1or 1older and Des5top items9I Note that this won't ne2essarily turn o11 tooltips in other appli2ations M only !>plorer9 "t the 2ommand prompt. you 2an 0et help on the available 2ommand(line options by typin0: #ommandname 58 inally. Windows XP in2ludes a number o1 readme 1iles. whi2h typi2ally 2ontain release notes M in1ormation about spe2ial handlin0 re;uired 1or spe2i1i2 appli2ations or hardware devi2es9 The 1ile c+\Windows\readme)t"t 2ontains a list o1 all the other readme 1iles on the system9 Or. you 2an Gust loo5 in the RWindows dire2tory 1or any 1ile with the 9t"t e>tension9 :se Notepad or any other "&3%% te>t editor or word pro2essor to read them9

,+** Sh&tting 8o#n

8ou shouldn't Gust turn o11 the power to a Windows XP ma2hine. sin2e it 2a2hes a lot o1 data in memory and needs to write it out be1ore shuttin0 down9 &ee &hut Down in 3hapter / 1or additional details9

Part II) '(pha:etica( %eference Chapter 2+ The User Interface

One o1 the responsibilities o1 a 0raphi2al operatin0 system li5e Windows XP is to provide a 2ommon set o1 inter1a2e 2ontrols not only 1or itsel1. but 1or all the appli2ations that run on it9 This 2hapter provides an alphabeti2al re1eren2e to the elements o1 the Windows XP user inter1a2e. how they're used. and what tri25s 2an be per1ormed with them9 "lso in2luded are some o1 the buildin0 blo25s o1 the Windows XP shell @2ommonly 5nown as !>plorerA. su2h as the Des5top and the various toolbars. 3hapter , provides a similar alphabeti2al re1eren2e to the individual pro0rams and utilities that ma5e up Windows. whether they are a22essible throu0h the 0raphi2al user inter1a2e or the 2ommand line9 The alphabeti2al re1eren2e entries in this 2hapter are as 1ollows: "ddress 'ar 'uttons 3he25bo>es 3lipboard 3ombo 'o>es 3onte>t Menus 3ontrol Menus Des5top Details Dialo0 'o>es Drop(Down 6istbo>es ile Open?&ave Dialo0s %2ons %nput ields 6abels 6istbo>es 6o0 O11 Menus My 3omputer My Networ5 Pla2es Noti1i2ation "rea Pro0ress %ndi2ators Properties Radio 'uttons Re2y2le 'in Run &2roll 'ars &end To &hort2uts &hut Down &tart Menu &tatus 'ar &ystem Tray Tabbed Dialo0s Tas5bar Te>t 'o>es Title 'ars Toolbars Tray Trees Turn O11 3omputer Windows

%n addition to imposin0 a 2ertain level o1 user inter1a2e 2onsisten2y. these 2ommon elements allow pro0rammers to ;ui25ly pie2e to0ether the inter1a2es 1or their appli2ations with a Itoolbo>I o1 parts9 While these inter1a2e elements are available to all appli2ations. some appli2ation desi0ners 2hoose instead to implement their

own 2ustom 2ontrols and inter1a2e paradi0ms9 &ometimes this 2an lead to an innovative and 2lever desi0n. but more o1ten than not. it Gust results in a mess9 " poor result typi2ally 2omes not so mu2h 1rom the 2hoi2e not to use Windows 2ommon 2ontrols. but 1rom a 1ailure to 1ollow the rules o1 0ood user inter1a2e desi0n9 The 1ollowin0 are a 1ew 0uidelines that apply to all elements o1 the Windows inter1a2e. whi2h should provide some understandin0 o1 why 2ertain elements are desi0ned the way they are in Windows XP9 /isual clues 1percei.ed affordances3 One o1 the most basi2 advanta0es o1 a 0raphi2al operatin0 system is that the elements o1 the inter1a2e 2ontain visual 2lues on how they're used9 or e>ample. buttons have a /D loo5. implyin0 that you're supposed to push them in9 older i2ons loo5 li5e a2tual yellow 1olders you'd see in a 1ile 2abinet. rein1or2in0 the notion that they are 2ontainers that hold your do2uments9 They also li0ht up when you're dra00in0 items over them. si0nallin0 that they 2an a22ept dropped obGe2ts9 !ven the mouse pointer provides visual 1eedba25. 2han0in0 to a resi4e arrow when it's over the ed0e o1 the window. or 2han0in0 to a 2ir2le with a line thou0h it when you're dra00in0 over an obGe2t that 2an't a22ept the obGe2t you're holdin09 @Don Norman. author o1 the boo5 ,he Design of !.eryday ,hings @DoubledayAA. 2alls these .isual clues. whi2h are intended to re2all the way the physi2al world a11ords opportunities to intera2t with obGe2ts. Iper2eived a11ordan2es9IA These 2lues are present in nearly every aspe2t o1 the Windows inter1a2eN learn to re2o0ni4e them. and you ;ui25ly 1ind even the most un1amiliar inter1a2e more intuitive and easier to use9 Constraints Many 2ontrols have limits. or constraints. that permit only 2ertain values to be entered9 &2rollbars have a ma>imum and minimum limit. 1or instan2e. so you 2an't s2roll past the end o1 a do2ument9 7rayed0out 1inacti.e3 controls "ny 2ontrol that appears I0rayed outI is disabled be2ause the underlyin0 operation is not 2urrently available9 or e>ample. in the dialo0 bo> shown in i0ure /(-. you need to 2li25 the IPassword prote2tedI 2he25bo> be1ore you 2an use the 3han0e button9 9ig&re 2-*+ Some options are disa:(ed Cgra ed-o&tE #hen &navai(a:(e or not app(ica:(e

Dray items typi2ally don't respond at all when 2li25ed. and sometimes it's not obvious what a2tion must be ta5en in order to Iun(0rayI a menu item9 %1 you're stu25. try to ima0ine in what 2onte>t the menu item is used. and then try to put the appli2ation in the 2orre2t state 1or that menu item to be appropriate9 or e>ample. some menu items in your word pro2essor will be 0rayed out when 0raphi2s are sele2ted. or i1 the spellin0 2he25er is open9 !llipses 1)))3 8ou'll 2ommonly see ellipses on menu items and 2ommand buttons. and o22asionally on other inter1a2e elements9 This notation implies that a new window will appear when the 2ontrol is a2tivated9 ?ocus The 1o2us @e>plained in 0reater detail in 3hapter #A is the visual hi0hli0htin0 o1 a sin0le 2ontrol. identi1yin0 whi2h element will re2eive input 1rom 5eyboard9 &in2e there's only one 5eyboard. only one 2ontrol 2an have the 1o2us at a time. and sin2e only one window 2an be a2tive at a time. you should always be able to determine what will happen when you press 5eys on the 5eyboard by simply loo5in0 1or the 1o2us9 or e>ample. i1 a button has the 1o2us. a dotted line will appear around its inner parameterN i1 an input 1ield has the 1o2us. a blin5in0 2ursor will appear where te>t is to be typed @this is 5nown as the Iinsertion pointIA9 8ou 2an usually 2li25 an item to 0ive it 1o2us. or use the Tab 5ey to move the 1o2us 1rom one 2ontrol to another9 Style " new 2on2ept in Windows XP is the user(sele2tablestyle o1 all your windows and inter1a2e elements9 The 2heer1ul. bri0htly 2olored style that is the de1ault when Windows XP is 1irst installed is 5nown as IWindows XP style9I "s shown in i0ure /(#. you 2an 2hoose another style. su2h as IWindows 3lassi2 style.I by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel Display Properties "ppearan2e9 Windows XP only ships with these two styles. but additional styles 2an be added with third(party utilities @available at http:??www9annoyan2es9or0?e>e2?show?arti2le$#($$-A9 :sin0 these tools. you 2an 2hoose the loo5 and 1eel o1 all o1 the 2ontrols do2umented in this 2hapter. in2ludin0 titlebars. buttons. s2rollbars. and even the &tart button and Tas5bar9 9ig&re 2-,+ The 8isp(a Properties dia(og a((o#s o& to choose :et#een the t#o vis&a( st (es avai(a:(e in "indo#s $P

Don't 2on1use styles with themes9 " theme is a 2olle2tion o1 settin0s9 On2e you've 2hosen the style. spe2i1ied 2olors. and sele2ted a s2reensaver. 0o to 3ontrol Panel Display Properties Themes tab to IsaveI your settin0s under a sin0le theme name9 &ee Display Properties in 3hapter , 1or more in1ormation on these settin0s9

Address Bar

The "ddress 'ar @see i0ure /(/A is a spe2ial toolbar with an input 1ield and @optionallyA a IDoI button9 %t appears in %nternet !>plorer. Windows !>plorer. and on theTas5bar9 When you type an %nternet address. the name o1 a pro0ram. or the path o1 a 1older. and then press !nter. the "ddress 'ar will respond in one o1 many ways. dependin0 on its lo2ation and your system's settin0s9 9ig&re 2-2+ The 'ddress Bar3 sho#n here on the "indo#s Task:ar3 a((o#s o& to <&ick( open programs and #e: sites : t ping their fi(enames and addresses3 respective(

The "ddress 'ar is one o1 my 1avorite 1eatures in Windows9 While its main purpose is to ma5e it easy to type in a web address and point your browser to that address. it also 2an be used to type a 2ommand or appli2ation to laun2h. Gust li5e &tart Run9 This means that you 2an easily 2hoose between point and 2li25 and 2ommand( line operations M whi2hever is easier 1or 2ompletin0 a 0iven tas59 'e2ause % 5eep the "ddress 'ar visible in the Tas5bar all the time as well as in ea2h open 1older window @whi2h ma5es it easy to Gump to any 1older without havin0 to hunt 1or it in the bran2hesA. it's be2ome my primary 2ommand(line inter1a2e9 One maGor di11eren2e between the Run prompt and the "ddress 'ar is how they treat an un5nown address or 2ommand9 The "ddress 'ar assumes that any un5nown te>t strin0 is a web address9 &o. 1or e>ample. typin0 oreill$ in the "ddress 'ar will laun2h your browser and start loo5in0 1or http:??www9oreilly92om9 %1 you type the same strin0 at the Run prompt. you'll 0et the messa0e IWindows 2annot 1ind 'oreilly'9 Ma5e sure you typed the name 2orre2tly. and then try a0ain9 To sear2h 1or a 1ile. 2li25 the &tart button. and then 2li25 &ear2h9I The Run Prompt's behavior is the reverse9 %t will treat a line be0innin0 with http+CC or www) as a web address and laun2h the browser. but will assume that any other strin0 is the name o1 an appli2ation or 2ommand9

6i5e the Run prompt. the "ddress 'ar 1eatures a drop(down list 2ontainin0 the history o1 all re2ently entered :R6s and 2ommand lines9 Pi25 an item 1rom the drop( down list to re(e>e2ute the 2ommand or revisit the spe2i1ied web site9 "lthou0h it is use1ul 1or issuin0 2ommands. the "ddress 'ar does have one drawba25 when used in this 1ashion9 When you issue a 2ommand. the 2ommand is opened in a new window9 On2e the 2ommand has 1inished. that window 2loses instantly9 %1 you are issuin0 a 2ommand that does not normally leave the Window open. but that you need to see a response @li5e ping or dirA. you'll have to have very 1ast eyes9 or these types o1 2ommands. you're better o11 usin0 the 3ommand Prompt9 &ee the dis2ussion o1 the "ddress 'ar in &e2tion +9# in 3hapter + 1or more details on its use9

Buttons

Eust 2li25 a button to ma5e it do what its label says9 %n i0ure /(,. the 'rowse button is typi2ally used to display a 1ile dialo0 bo>9 When you 2hoose a 1ile and 2li25 OK. the name and lo2ation @also 5nown as the pathA o1 the 1ile is automati2ally entered into the te>t 1ield9 This syner0y o1 2ontrols is 2ommon. saves typin0. and prevents typos9 &ome appli2ations pla2e a small 1older i2on ne>t to a te>t 1ield rather than the 1ull(si4ed te>t 1ield. but the usa0e is the same9 9ig&re 2-7+ The Bro#se :&tton is marked #ith e((ipses C+++E3 imp( ing that another #indo# #i(( appear #hen it is c(icked

%1 the button has the1o2us. press the spa2ebar to a2tivate it9 %n dialo0s with more than one button. o1ten one o1 them has a thi25er border than the rest @usually the OK buttonA M this is the Ide1aultI button and 2an be a2tivated by pressin0 !nter. re0ardless o1 whi2h 2ontrol has the 1o2us9 &imilarly. there is usually a 2an2el button @usually labeled I3an2elIA that responds to the !s2 5ey. but that has no visual distin2tion9 %1 in doubt. use Tab to 2y2le throu0h the buttons. and then press &pa2e9 i0ure /() shows some spe2ial 2ases in whi2h buttons wor5 di11erently or have spe2ial meanin0: 9ig&re 2-=+ Togg(e :&ttons3 t pica(( on app(ication too(:ars3 a((o# o& to t&rn options on or off : c(icking

,oggle *uttons &ome buttons. typi2ally 2ustom 2ontrols or buttons on toolbars. are used to 2han0e a settin0. and will simply stay pushed in until 2li25ed a se2ond time9 There's no rule that ma5es these buttons loo5 di11erent 1rom standard buttons. so you'll have to rely on e>perien2e to determine whi2h are Ito00les9I or e>ample. the B or I buttons @2orrespondin0 to bold and itali2. respe2tivelyA 2ommonly 1ound on word pro2essor toolbars are to00les. but

the &ave and Print buttons are traditional buttons and are used to 2arry out a 2ommand rather than to 2han0e a settin09 ,he default *utton When a set o1 buttons is displayed. typi2ally at the bottom o1 a dialo0 bo>. one button will be the Ide1ault.I meanin0 that it will be the one a2tivated by the Enter 5ey9 %t's identi1ied by a thi25er border @not to be 2on1used with the dotted re2tan0le si0ni1yin0 the 1o2us. dis2ussed at the be0innin0 o1 this 2hapterA9 Not all dialo0 bo>es have a de1ault button. but when it's there. it's usually the OK button9 ,he Cancel *utton Mu2h li5e the de1ault button. a sin0le button is o1ten set as the3an2el button. meanin0 that it will be a2tivated when the Esc 5ey is pressed @re0ardless o1 whi2h 2ontrol has the 1o2usA9 The 3an2el button has no visual distin2tion 1rom any other buttons9 9:; Cancel; Apply Most dialo0s will have at least an OK and a 3an2el button. and many also have an "pply button9 Typi2ally. OK is the Ide1ault button.I and 3an2el is the I2an2el button9I 'oth the OK and "pply buttons a22ept whatever settin0s you've entered. but the OK button 2loses the window. while "pply leaves it open. allowin0 you to ma5e more 2han0es9 inally. 3an2el 2loses the window without applyin0 your settin0s9 @&ee i0ure /(+9A 9ig&re 2->+ C(ick O? to accept o&r changes and c(ose the dia(og3 Cance( to discard o&r changes3 or 'pp( to accept o&r changes #hi(e (eaving the dia(og open for (ater changes

What may be 2on1usin0 is what happens when you 2li25 "pply and then 3an2el9 The assumption is that the settin0s that were IappliedI are not lost. but any that were made after "pply was 2li25ed are i0nored9 Theoreti2ally. the behavior should be the same as thou0h you 2li25ed OK. then reopened the dialo0. and then 2li25ed 3an2el9 'ut don't be surprised i1 some appli2ations respond di11erentlyN Mi2roso1t has never been 2lear with appli2ation developers about the e>pe2ted behavior in this situation9

Checkboxes

3he25bo>es are 0enerally used 1or on?o11 settin0s9 " 2he25mar5 means the settin0 is onN an empty bo> means it's o119 3li25 on the bo> to turn the labeled settin0 on or o119 9ig&re 2-@+ Check:o!es a((o# o& to t&rn settings on or off

%n some instan2es. the 2he25mar5 may be shown in a li0ht 0ray 2olor9 This doesn't ne2essarily mean that the 2ontrol is disabled @see IDrayed(out @ina2tiveA 2ontrolsI. at the be0innin0 o1 this 2hapterA. but rather that the value is neither on nor o119 7ere's an e>ample: sele2t some 1iles in !>plorer or on your Des5top. ri0ht(2li25 on one o1 them. sele2t Properties. and you'll 0et a dialo0 similar to i0ure /(<9 The 2he25mar5 is missin0 1or the Read(only and 7idden attributes. but appears 0ray 1or the "r2hive attribute be2ause some o1 the sele2ted 1iles have it enabled. and others don't9

Clipboard

" shared. system(wide stora0e area 1or temporarily holdin0 and movin0 data9

To Open
!dit 3ut @3trl(XA !dit 3opy @3trl(3A !dit Paste @3trl(BA The 3lipboard is an invisible portion o1 memory. used to temporarily hold data as it's moved or 2opied 1rom one appli2ation to another9 "lthou0h you won't ever IseeI the 2lipboard. it's used every time you 2ut. 2opy. or paste somethin09 :sin0 the 2lipboard is easy9 &ele2t a portion o1 te>t in your word pro2essor. an ima0e in your 0raphi2s pro0ram. or a 1ile in !>plorer. and then sele2t 3ut 1rom the !dit menuN the sele2ted obGe2t@sA will disappear and will be stored in the 2lipboard9 @:se 3opy instead o1 3ut i1 you don't want the ori0inal data erased9A Then. move to another lo2ation and sele2t Paste 1rom the !dit menu to pla2e a 2opy o1 the obGe2t

on the 2lipboard in that lo2ation9 8ou 2an repeatedly paste the data as many times as you li5e9

Notes
The 3lipboard wor5s li5e the penalty bo> in ho25eyN it holds only one item at a time9 %1 you pla2e new data in the 2lipboard. its previous 2ontents are erased9 %1 you never 0ot around to pastin0 the previous data. it's lost 1or 0ood9 8ou 2an paste only data that an appli2ation is prepared to re2eive9 or e>ample. you 2annot paste an ima0e into some appli2ations that re2o0ni4e only te>t @su2h as the 3ommand Prompt orNotepadA9 !ven without an !dit menu. you 2an usually still a22ess the 2lipboard usin0 either 5eyboard short2uts or the ri0ht mouse button9 or e>ample. web browsers have a 3opy 2ommand in the !dit menu. but this 2ommand is used only 1or 2opyin0 portions o1 the 2urrently displayed web pa0e to the 2lipboard9 To 2ut. 2opy. or paste test in the "ddress 'ar. Gust ri0ht(2li25 on the te>t or use 3trl(X. 3trl(3. and 3trl(B9 8ou 2an use the 3lipboo5 Biewer @dis2ussed in 3hapter ,A to view the data 2urrently stored on the 3lipboard or save it into a 1ile or share it a2ross a networ59 &ee 3hapter + 1or help with 2opyin0 and pastin0 data with the 2ommand prompt window9 The 5eyboardshort2uts @3trl(X. 3trl(3. and 3trl(BA may not be intuitive at 1irst. but when you 2onsider that they appear all to0ether on the 5eyboard and are lo2ated very 2lose to the 3trl 5ey. the de2ision to use these 5eys be2omes 2lear9 "s a holdover 1rom earlier versions o1 Windows. &hi1t(Del. 3trl(%ns. and &hi1t(%ns 2an also be used 1or 3ut. 3opy. and Paste. respe2tively9 "lso see 3lipboo5 Biewer in 3hapter ,

Combo Boxes

&ee 6istbo>es9

Context Menus

%n i0ure /(=. %'ve ri0ht(2li25ed on the Re2y2le 'in i2on to display its 2onte>t menu. whi2h is a list o1 spe2ial a2tions or 2ommands that a11e2t only that obGe2t9 The idea is that the options available 1or any 0iven obGe2t in Windows depend upon the conte"t. the set o1 2ir2umstan2es under whi2h you're operatin09 The I!mpty Re2y2le 'inI option is shown here. sin2e it is relevant to the 2onte>t o1 the Re2y2le

'in. but sin2e the Re2y2le 'in is 2urrently empty here. the option is 0rayed out @disabledA9 Nearly all obGe2ts in Windows have their own 2onte>t menus. almost always a22essible with the ri0ht mouse button9 &ee Windows !>plorer in 3hapter , 1or details on 2ustomi4in0 the 2onte>t menus 1or your 1iles. 1olders. and 2ertain Des5top items. and 3hapter = 1or details on the way Windows stores 1ile type in1ormation9 9ig&re 2-A+ %ight-c(ick near( an o:Fect to disp(a its conte!t men&3 a (ist of actions that can :e performed #ith the se(ected o:Fect

When a 1ile or other obGe2t is sele2ted @hi0hli0htedA. press &hi1t( -$ to display the 2onte>t menu9 %1 you have a spe2ial Windows 5eyboard. there is a spe2ial 5ey 1or this purpose. usually lo2ated to the ri0ht o1 the spa2ebar9 The most 1re;uently used item in most 2onte>t menus is Properties. whi2h 2an be more ;ui25ly a22essed by pressin0 "lt(!nter9 Othershort2uts 1or 2onte>t menu items in2lude Del. #. 3trl(X. 3trl(3. and 3trl(B 1or Delete. Rename. 3ut. 3opy. and Paste. respe2tively9

Notes
The bold item @usually. but not always. at the top o1 any 0iven 2onte>t menuA is the de1ault a2tion. 2arried out when you double(2li259 Most new 5eyboards also in2lude a 2onte>t 5ey @whi2h loo5s li5e a menu with a pointer on itA that will open the 2onte>t menu o1 any sele2ted item9

"ny pro0ram or 2ommand line on the system 2an be made into a new IverbI on a 2onte>t menu usin0 Biew Options ile Types !dit 1rom any 1older or !>plorer window9 @To 2reate new verbs dire2tly in the Re0istry. see O'Reilly's Windows XP Annoyances. by David Karp9 Note that 2ustomi4in0 the 2onte>t menu 1or %&E'(C)*SSES(ROO+,-,shell lets you 2reate verbs 1or all 1ilesN normally they'll apply to parti2ular 1ile types. based in turn on 1ile e>tensionsN obGe2ts M drive. 1older. un5nown. et29N or :R6 pre1i>es M http. ftp. et29A
3onte>t menus e>ist 1or all maGor inter1a2e elements M 1iles. 1olders @in2ludin0 system 1olders li5e My 3omputer. Networ5 Nei0hborhood. Re2y2le 'in. andMy 'rie12aseA. the Des5top. theTas5bar. the &ystem Tray. and so on M but they o1ten also e>ist 1or elements within an appli2ation window or dialo09 %1 you're ever stu25. try ri0ht(2li25in0 on a user(inter1a2e element and see i1 anythin0 help1ul pops up9

%ndividual buttons or other user inter1a2e elements o1ten have a 2onte>t menu 2onsistin0 o1 the sin0le entry IWhat's ThisHI. whi2h 0ives a short des2ription o1 what that element is used 1or9 %n other 2ases. the 2onte>t menu is more e>tensive9 or e>ample. ri0ht(2li25in0 on the 1iles on your Des5top @or even on an empty area o1 the Des5topA provides a22ess to the 1eatures that would otherwise be unavailable due to the absen2e o1 a standard menu9 O1 parti2ular use is the New entry. whi2h allows you to 2reate a new older. &hort2ut. or empty 1ile9 Ri0ht(2li25in0 on the titlebar or the Tas5bar button 1or an open appli2ation displays the 2onte>t menu 1or the window. 2ommonly 5nown as the 3ontrol menu. also a22essible by 2li25in0 on the upper(le1t i2on @see Windows later in this 2hapterA9 Ri0ht(2li25in0 in the body o1 the window 0ives you the 2onte>t menu 1or the appli2ation or the sele2ted element within the appli2ation. i1 one e>ists9 Note that this is di11erent 1rom the 2onte>t menu that you 0et by 2li25in0 on the pro0ram's short2ut i2on when it is not runnin09 &ee &end To later in this 2hapter. 1or details on the &end To 2ommand 1ound in the 2onte>t menu 1or 1iles and 1olders9

Control Menus

&ee Windows9

Desktop

The Des5top is the basis 1or the modern D:% paradi0m9 The Des5top is 2onsidered a 2ontainer 1or all other resour2es on your 2omputer. as well as a ba25drop 1or your Windows wor5spa2e9 The Des5top is always underneath any open windows M to a22ess the Des5top i1 it's 2overed. you need to minimi4e or 2lose any open windows @press the Windows lo0o 5ey and D. or ri0ht(2li25 on the Tas5bar and sele2t Minimi4e "ll Windows to a22omplish this ;ui25lyA "s shown in i0ure /(*. the Des5top 2ontains two types o1i2onsN namespa2e i2ons and 1ile i2ons9 9ig&re 2-.+ Of the icons sho#n on the 8esktop3 some are virt&a( o:Fects and some are fi(esB those that are act&a( fi(es are a(so sho#n in o&r 8esktop fo(der

ile i2ons 2an be 1iles or 1olders @a2tually lo2ated in your \Documents and Settings\ DusernameE\Desktop\ 1older on your hard dis5A M you 2an dra0(drop them to and 1rom the Des5top as thou0h it were any other ordinary 1older9 The Des5top is a 0ood pla2e to store newly downloaded 1iles 1rom the %nternet. email atta2hments. items 1rom 1loppies. and other 1iles you're 2urrently wor5in0 on9 Namespa2e i2ons. on the other hand. su2h as My 3omputer. My Networ5 Pla2es. and the Re2y2le 'in. aren't 1iles. but rather spe2i1i2 resour2es built in to Windows9 "ll o1 these i2ons 2an be renamed or even hidden. althou0h the pro2ess isn't always obvious9 @&ee 3hapter ) 1or details spe2i1i2 to the obGe2t you wish to 2ustomi4e or remove9A The e>2eption is that the Re2y2le 'in 2annot be renamed. unless you have Norton :tilities or edit the Re0istry manually9 @&ee dire2tions at http:??www9annoyan2es9or09A "s with most other 2omponents o1 the Windows inter1a2e. the Des5top has properties you 2an 2ustomi4e9 Ri0ht(2li25 on an empty portion o1 the Des5top and 2li25 Properties to 2han0e the wallpaper. 2olor. s2reensaver. and settin0s 1or the display9 @This is the same property sheet that you will 0et by openin0 Display Properties in 3ontrol PanelA9

Notes
The "rran0e %2ons 'y entry is also available in the Des5top's 2onte>t menu9%2ons 2an be arran0ed on the Des5top by type @system 1a2ilities. 1olders. and 1iles. in that orderA. alphabeti2ally by name. by date @with the most re2ent 1irstA. and by si4e @with the smallest 1irstA9 &ele2t "uto"rran0e i1 you want the i2ons to 0o into neat rows automati2allyN unsele2t it i1 you want to be able to dra0 them anywhere on the Des5top9 When the Des5top is 1ull. auto(arran0e stops wor5in09 The 6ine :p %2ons 1eature 1ound here in earlier versions o1 Windows has been removed in Windows XP9 %n its pla2e. Mi2roso1t has added the "li0n to Drid option in the "rran0e %2ons 'y menu9 :n1ortunately. this is a to00leN to simply ali0n the i2ons on your Des5top without restri2tin0 their 1uture pla2ement. you'll have to turn on the "li0n to Drid option and then turn it ba25 o119 The Cui25 6aun2h toolbar @see Tas5bar and Toolbars. later in this 2hapterA in2ludes a &how Des5top button that instantly hides all open windows. thus allowin0 a22ess to your Des5top9 %1 you 2li25 the button a se2ond time without openin0 any new items. all windows are restored to their ori0inal state9

The I"2tive Des5topI 1un2tionality 1ound in earlier versions o1 Windows has been ta5en out o1 Windows XP9 Barious options 1or 2ustomi4in0 the Des5top. as well as the i2ons on it. are detailed in 3hapter )9

Details

&ee 6istbo>es9

Dialog Boxes

Dialo0 bo>es are temporary windows that appli2ations use to re;uest your attention or input9 Dialo0 bo>es usually don't have a resi4able border @althou0h ile Open?&ave Dialo0s doA. and they almost always have OK. 3an2el. and "pply buttons9 Dialo0 bo>es are usually Imodal.I whi2h means that when they're open. you 2an't use any other part o1 the ownin0 appli2ation until they're 2losed9 &ee Windows. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation9

Drop-Down Listboxes

&ee 6istbo>es9

File Open/ a!e Dialogs

There's a reason why ile Open and ile &ave dialo0s loo5 the same in nearly all appli2ationsN they're 2ommon dialo0s. provided by Windows9 &tran0ely. one o1 the 1ew appli2ations that doesn't use these 2ommon dialo0s is Mi2roso1t O11i2e. whi2h instead employs 2ustom dialo0s that a2tually have more limited 1un2tionality then their standard. 2ommon 2ounterparts9 The main part o1 the standard 1ile dialo0 is really Gust a 1older window as shown in i0ure /(-$N you 2an even dra0 and drop items into and out o1 this window. as well as display the 2ontents in the same Details. %2ons. and 6ist views 1ound in Windows !>plorer9 9ig&re 2-*1+ Standard 9i(e Open3 9i(e Save3 and Bro#se dia(ogs (ike this one are &sed in man app(ications

"nother standard 2omponent in 1ile dialo0s is the 0ray stripe on the le1t side. 2alled the Pla2es 'ar9 7ere. 1ive @or moreA short2uts to spe2ial system 1olders are shownN 2li25 an i2on to ;ui25ly Gump to the 2orrespondin0 lo2ation9 7owever. most o1 the de1ault entries will be o1 little use to the avera0e user. so you may want to 2ustomi4e this area. a tas5 possible only with the Twea5:% add(on des2ribed in "ppendi> D9 "lon0 the top o1 the window. you'll 1ind the I6oo5 inI list. and several buttons9 The yellow 1older i2on with the 2urved arrow is used to Gump to the parent 1older. and the yellow 1older i2on with the star is used to 2reate a new sub1older9 The last button allows you to 2hoose the way i2ons are shown in the main listin09 :n1ortunately. the 1ull path o1 the 2urrent 1older is not shown anywhere in this window @this has been a problem with Windows 1or yearsA. but i1 you open the I6oo5 inI list. you'll see the abbreviated hierar2hy that reveals the lo2ation o1 the 1older9 8ou 2an type any 1ilename below. in2ludin0 the 1ull path desired. to open or save9 inally. the I iles o1 typeI list is used to 1ilter the display o1 1iles in the main listin09 This is o1ten most 2on1usin0 part o1 this window 1or new users. sin2e. in most 2ases. only 2ertain 1iles are shown9 %1 the 1ile you're loo5in0 1or does not mat2h the 1ile type sele2tion. it won't show up at all9 Typi2ally. the last entry in this list is "ll iles @S9SAN 2hoose this item to turn o11 the 1ilter and display all 1iles. re0ardless o1 type9

Notes
6i5e most dialo0 bo>es. ile Open?&ave dialo0s are modal. whi2h means that they must be 2losed be1ore you 2an use another part o1 the appli2ation9 "n alternative to openin0 an appli2ation and then usin0 ile Open is to navi0ate to the 1older 2ontainin0 your do2ument and then double(2li25 it to open it in its de1ault appli2ation9 @This de1ault 2an be 2han0ed by 0oin0 to the Tools older Options iles Types tab in !>plorer9A 8ou 2an also dra0(drop a do2ument i2on into an open appli2ation window to open the 1ile in that pro0ram9

%n some appli2ations. i1 you drop a 1ile i2on into an already(open do2ument. the dropped i2on will be

inserted as an IobGe2tI into that do2ument. rather than simply openin0 the do2ument as you'd e>pe2t9 The solution is to drop the i2on onto the "ppli2ation's titlebar9

"cons

&tri2tly spea5in0. ani2on is any small pi2ture used to symboli4e an obGe2t or a 1un2tion in the inter1a2e9 %2ons 2ommonly appear in menus and on toolbars. but the term is most o1ten used to des2ribe the obGe2ts that represent 1iles and 1olders on your Des5top and in Windows !>plorer9 3hapter # 2overs the basi2 use o1 i2ons. espe2ially in the way they 2an be opened. moved. 2opied. and deleted9 Ri0ht(2li25 any i2on to display its 2onte>t menu9 @&ee 3onte>t Menus. earlier in this 2hapter9A The ima0e used 1or a 0iven i2on depends on the type o1 obGe2t it represents. as does the pro2edure 1or 2ustomi4in0 that i2on9 or e>ample. the i2ons 1or My 3omputer. Re2y2le 'in and other Des5top Inamespa2eI obGe2ts 2an be 2ustomi4ed by ri0ht(2li25in0 on an empty area o1 the Des5top and 0oin0 to Properties Des5top tab 3ustomi4e Des5top9 The i2on used 1or a do2ument depends on its typeN all )t"t 1iles use the same i2on. all)>pg 1iles use the same i2on. and so on9 %2ons 1or most 1ile types 2an be 2han0ed by 0oin0 to Tools older Options iles Types tab in !>plorer @see i0ure /( --A9 The e>2eptions are appli2ation e>e2utables @)e"e 1ilesA. whi2h have their own i2ons9 "ll 1olders @e>2ept spe2ial 1olders. li5e My Do2uments and My Pi2turesA use the same i2on. and 2annot be 2han0ed without a third(party add(on li5e Mi2roan0elo @Bersion )9) or laterN available 1rom http:??www9impa2tso1tware92om?A9 8ou 2an 2han0e the i2on 1or any Windows &hort2ut or %nternet &hort2ut by ri0ht( 2li25in0. and sele2tin0 Properties 3han0e %2on9 'y de1ault. the3han0e %2on dialo0 bo> 1or a short2ut usually points to \Windows\System\shell54)dll. whi2h 2ontains over #$$ di11erent i2ons. in2ludin0 the standard i2ons 1or 1olders. dis5s. and so on9 " browse button lets you sear2h 1or other sour2es o1 i2ons. but where do you browseH %2ons 2an be stored in a variety o1 1iles. in2ludin0 )e"e and )dll 1iles @pro0ram 2omponentsA and )ico 1iles @standalone i2on 1ilesA9 !ven )*mp @Windows bitmap 1ilesA 2an be used 1or i2ons9 'rowsin0 1or i2ons 2an be time 2onsumin0. thou0h. sin2e the 3han0e %2on dialo0 2an only loo5 inside one 1ile at a time9 The alternative is to use !>plorer: the standard 1ile i2on 1or )ico 1iles is the a2tual i2on it 2ontains. ma5in0 it easy to peruse an entire 1older 1ull o1 i2on 1iles @althou0h you'll have to swit2h to the Thumbnails view to see your )*mp 1ilesA9 "lthou0h other Windows 1iles @su2h as \windows\e"plorer)e"eA have additional i2ons. you may want to loo5 on the Web 1or de2ent i2ons to de2orate your wor5spa2e @and there's no end to web sites that 2ontain 1reely downloadable i2on librariesA9 &in2e % have a parti2ular 1ondness 1or the NeXT inter1a2e 1rom the -*=$s. %'ve 1ound the i2ons at http:??p2des5tops9emuunlim92om? to be espe2ially ni2e9

9ig&re 2-**+ "indo#s $P comes #ith a (arge co((ection of images for o&r shortc&ts

Notes
On the Des5top. i2ons are shown in their 1ull si4e. but in 1older windows and in Windows !>plorer. you 2an 2hoose to display i2ons in a IlistI or IdetailsI view9 Paint. the rudimentary ima0e editor in2luded with Windows XP @and every version o1 Windows sin2e the -*=$sA. allows you to 2reate and modi1y )*mp 1iles. but it doesn't support )ico 1ormat9 urthermore. its tools 1or doin0 detail @essential when 2reatin0 the tiny ima0es used 1or i2onsA are pretty lousy9 The Mi2roan0elo pa25a0e. available 1rom http:??www9impa2tso1tware92om?. is about the best i2on editor %'ve used9

"nput Fields

"s their name su00ests. input 1ields are small 2ontrols @usually 1ound in a dialo0 bo> that allows you to provide re;uired in1ormationA9 @&ee i0ure /(-#9A " te>tbo> is one o1 the most 2ommon 1orms o1 input 1ield9 !ssentially a mini word pro2essor. the te>tbo> is used 1or enterin0 te>t9 Most input 1ields allow only a sin0le line o1 te>t @su2h as the "ddress 'ar or the ilename 1ield in ile Open?&ave dialo0sA. but some allow multiple lines9 8ou 2an almost always ri0ht(2li25 in a te>tbo> to display a ;ui25 menu 1or 3ut. 3opy. Paste. and :ndo @see 3lipboard. earlier in this 2hapterA9 There are 1our 2ommon variations o1 input 1ields9 The 1irst type are the input 1ields made to loo5 li5e labels @see 6abels. later in this 2hapterA9 The se2ond are 2ombo bo>es @see 6istbo>es. later in this 2hapterA9 The third are 5nown as 2ounters. whi2h are simply input 1ields with up and down arrows to the ri0ht. allowin0 you in2rement or de2rement a numeri2 value without typin0 @some even have a tiny divider between the arrows. allowin0 you to ;ui25ly Is2rollI to any valueA9 inally. we have password 1ields @ i0ure /(-/A. whi2h loo5 and a2t Gust li5e standard input

bo>es. e>2ept that their 2ontents are mas5ed with asteris5s to hide them 1rom pryin0 eyes9 9ig&re 2-*,+ ' simp(e inp&t fie(d Cte!t:o!E a((o#s o& to t pe a sma(( :it of te!tB right-c(ick to disp(a C&t3 Cop 3 Paste3 and Se(ect '(( commands

9ig&re 2-*2+ Pass#ord fie(ds #ork (ike standard inp&t fie(ds3 e!cept that the characters o& t pe are masked #ith ro&nd :&((ets

&in2e the Tab 5ey is used to shi1t the 1o2us to the ne>t 2ontrol. you'll need to press 3trl(Tab i1 you a2tually want to type a tab 2hara2ter into an input 1ield9 6i5ewise. !nter is o1ten used to move between 2ontrols @or to press the de1ault buttonN see 'uttons. earlier in this 2hapterA. press 3trl(!nter to insert a new line @multiline te>tbo>es onlyA9 7old &hi1t and use the arrow 5eys to sele2t te>t without usin0 the mouse @or 3trl(" to sele2t everythin0A. and then use 3trl(X. 3trl(3. and 3trl(B 1or 3ut. 3opy. and Paste. respe2tively9 Press 3trl(F to undo9 Notes
Ri0ht(2li25 in an input 1ield to display additional options9 %n addition to the 2lipboard operations @3ut. 3opy. and PasteA. you'll see &ele2t "ll. Ri0ht to 6e1t Readin0 order @to ma5e the te>t ri0ht(Gusti1iedA. and two options 1or usin0 :ni2ode 2hara2ters @use1ul primarily 1or pro0rammersA9 &ome nonstandard input 1ields allow 1ormattin0 @bold. itali2s. 1ont sele2tion. et29A9 These Iri2h te>tI 1ields typi2ally wor5 the same as standard input 1ields. althou0h they o1ten have additional 1eatures spe2i1i2 to the appli2ation9

Labels

6abels are basi2ally nonintera2tive pie2es o1 te>t pla2ed on dialo0s used to des2ribe a 2ontrol @su2h as the slides shown in i0ure /(-,A that doesn't have a pla2e 1or a des2ription9 3li25in0 labels usually has no e11e2t9 9ig&re 2-*7+ La:e(s are noninteractive captions for other contro(s C(ike these s(idersE that don-t have captions of their o#n

The important thin0 to note about labels is that they o1ten 2ontain a sin0le underlined letter9 7oldin0 "lt and pressin0 the 5ey 1or that letter will send the 1o2us to the ne>t 2ontrol9 This is use1ul be2ause the input 1ield in this e>ample doesn't have a short2ut 5ey o1 its own9

Notes
&ome labels allow you to sele2t and 2opy te>t and are distin0uished be2ause the mouse pointer 2han0es to an I%(beamI when over the label9 &tri2tly spea5in0. these are Gust standard input 1ields @without bordersA that have been made to loo5 li5e labels9 !>amples o1 this type o1 1ield 2an be seen by ri0ht(2li25in0 on a 1ile and sele2tin0 properties9

Listboxes

" listbo> is a list o1 items 1rom whi2h you 2an 2hoose one or many9 There are 1our 2ommon types o1 listbo>es: Standard list*o" " simple listbo> is a re2tan0ular 2ontrol that 2ontains one or more entries9 %1 there are more entries than 2an be displayed in the spa2e allotted. s2rollbars will appear as well9 3li25 an entry to sele2t it9 %1 the listbo> allows multiple items to be sele2ted simultaneously. hold down the 3trl 5ey while 2li25in0 or pressin0 the spa2ebar to sele2t additional items. one(by(one. or use &hi1t( 2li25 to sele2t a ran0e o1 items @see i0ure /(-)A9

:se the arrow 5eys to move up and down the list9 Type a letter to Gump to the 1irst entry that be0ins with that letterN i1 there are a lot o1 items. you 2an type several letters. ;ui25ly in su22ession. to Gump to the 1irst item the be0ins with those letters9 9ig&re 2-*=+ This (ist:o! sho#s the :itmap fi(es in o&r "indo#s fo(der3 from #hich o& can choose one to :e o&r 8esktop :ackgro&nd image

Drop0down list*o" " drop(down listbo> @see i0ure /(-+A wor5s mu2h li5e a standard listbo>. e>2ept that only the 2urrently sele2ted entry is shown9 3li25 the down arrow to open the list and 2hoose another item9 Drop(down listbo>es never allow multiple sele2tions9 9ig&re 2-*>+ 8rop-do#n (ist:o!es #ork m&ch (ike standard (ist:o!es3 e!cept that the cons&me (ess screen rea( estate

Shortcuts With the 1o2us on a drop(down listbo>. press the down arrow 5ey to open the list. the arrow 5eys to navi0ate. and then the Tab 5ey to Gump to the ne>t 2ontrol. whi2h will 2lose the list automati2ally @press !s2 to 2lose the list without sele2tin0 a new itemA9 %1 you press !nter to 2ommit your sele2tion. thou0h. it mi0ht a2tivate the de1ault button @see 'uttons. earlier in this 2hapterA9 Com*o *o" " 2ombo bo> is a hybrid between an input 1ield and a drop(down listbo>9 8ou 2an type Gust li5e in an ordinary input 1ield. or you 2an 2li25 the down arrow to 2hoose an item 1rom the list9 %1 you 2li25 an item. that item's 2aption will be pla2ed into the te>t 1ield. at whi2h point you 2an edit or move on9 O1ten. a drop(down list 2ontains a history o1 previous entries you've made into a te>t entry 1ieldN the "ddress 'ar is essentially a 0lori1ied 2ombo bo>9 The 5eyboard short2uts are the same as 1or drop(down listbo>es. shown above. and input 1ields @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9 "dditionally. you 2an be0in typin0. and then press the down arrow. and the 1irst entry in the list that mat2hes what you've typed @i1 anyA will be sele2ted automati2ally9 Fist/iew 1commonly known as Details3 "n enhan2ed version o1 the standard listbo>. the6istBiew 2ontrol is what appears in 1older windows and ile Open?&ave dialo0s9 %t's 2ommonly used to display lists o1 1iles. but it's not unusual to see this presentation 1or other types o1 data as well9 @&ee i0ure /(-<9A The main advanta0e o1 this 2ontrol is that it supports multiple. resi4able 2olumns. ea2h o1 whi2h has a header that 2an usually be 2li25ed to sort the 2ontents o1 the list @2li25 a0ain to reverse the sort orderA9 Dra0 the lines dividin0 the headers to resi4e the width o1 2olumns or dra0 the headers to rearran0e them9 Double(2li25 on 2olumn header separators to si4e 2olumns automati2ally to the widest 2ontents9 &ee 3hapter # 1or more in1ormation on wor5in0 with the 1older window9 &in2e 1olders use the 2ommon 6istBiew 2ontrol. almost anythin0 that wor5s with a 1older will wor5 with other 6istBiew 2ontrols9 or e>ample. in addition to sele2tin0 multiple items with 3trl and &hi1t. as des2ribed 1or standard listbo>es. above. you 2an usually sele2t multiple items by drawin0 a rubber band with your mouse as well9

9ig&re 2-*@+ ListVie# contro(s3 (ike the one &sed for 6!p(orer-s 8etai(s Vie#3 are enhanced (ist:o!es #ith m&(tip(e co(&mns of information

Log O##

6o0s o11 the 2urrent user9

To Open
&tart 6o0 O11 DusernameE 3trl("lt(Del 6o0 O11 &ee :ser "22ounts in 3hapter , 1or more in1ormation on lo00in0 on. lo00in0 o11. and mana0in0 multiple users9

Menus

The menu is a pla2e where you 2an 2ram all the 1un2tionality o1 a pro0ram9 Rather than litterin0 your s2reen with all available 2ommands. they are 2ate0ori2ally arran0ed into 2as2adin0 lists. as shown in i0ure /(-=9 Modern appli2ations have be2ome so elaborate. however. that menus are o1ten very 2omple>. ma5in0 it a pain to have to si1t throu0h them all to 1ind the 2ommand you want9 Thus. desi0ners invented toolbars @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA as short2uts 1or the items we a2tually use9 %t ma5es us wonder. then. why we need menus in the 1irst pla2eH 9ig&re 2-*A+ Nested CcascadingE men&s provide access to a(( options and feat&res of an app(ication

%1 you ever 0et lost. menus tend to be pretty 2onsistent a2ross appli2ations9 or e>ample. you 2an almost always 1ind Open. &ave. Print. and !>it in the ile menu. Gust as 3ut. 3opy. Paste. and :ndo are always in the !dit menu9 &ee 3hapter # 1or more in1ormation on usin0 menus9 &ee 3onte>t Menus. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or details on the menu that appears when you ri0ht(2li25 on somethin09 Press -$ or "lt @by itsel1A to enter the menu. use the 2ursor 5eys to navi0ate. and press !nter to sele2t an item9 On2e you're in the menus. press the underlined letter o1 a menu item to ;ui25ly Gump to that item. or i1 no letter is underlined. press the 1irst letter o1 the item's 2aption9 8ou 2an also Gump ri0ht to a spe2i1i2 menu 1rom anywhere else in the appli2ation by pressin0 the 5ey o1 the underlined letter while holdin0 "lt9 6oo5 to the ri0ht o1 many menu items 1or additional 5eyboard short2uts9 or e>ample. open the !dit menu in most appli2ations. and you'll see 3trl(X. 3trl(3. and 3trl(B alon0side the 3ut. 3opy. and Paste 2ommands. respe2tively9

M$ Computer

&ee Windows !>plorer in 3hapter ,9

M$ %etwork &laces

&ee My Networ5 Pla2es in 3hapter ,9

%oti#ication Area

The noti1i2ation area. 2ommonly 5nown as the ,ray. is the small area at the 1ar ri0ht @or bottomA o1 the Tas5bar. whi2h. by de1ault. holds the 2lo25 and the tiny. yellow spea5er i2on9 With the e>2eption o1 the 2lo25. the purpose o1 the tray is to hold status i2ons @see i0ure /(-*A pla2ed there by Windows and other runnin0 appli2ations9 7old the mouse 2ursor over the 2lo25 to see the date temporarily or ri0ht(2li25 on an empty area o1 the Tas5bar and 2li25 Properties to turn the 2lo25 on or o11 and 2han0e other settin0s9 @&orry. no permanent date is available without a third(party utility M see http:??www9annoyan2es9or0?9A 9ig&re 2-*.+ The Notification 'rea CTra E3 (ocated on the far end of o&r Task:ar3 ho(ds the c(ock and icons for some r&nning processes

The Tray 2an be a 2onvenient pla2e 1or appli2ations to display in1ormation and ;ui25 a22ess to 2ertain 1eatures. but there is little standardi4ation amon0 Tray i2ons9 &ome i2ons are 2li25ed. others are double(2li25ed. others re;uire a ri0ht(2li25. and some don't 0et 2li25ed at all9 &ome 1lash. some don't9 Most i2ons 2an be disabled. but some Gust won't 0o away9 Most support tooltips. so you 2an 1ind out what ea2h i2on does by holdin0 the mouse over it 1or a se2ond or two9 The only way to turn the noti1i2ation area o11 2ompletely is to hide ea2h o1 the i2ons @and the 2lo25A individually9 7owever. you 2an sele2tively hide i2ons by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK Tas5bar and &tart Menu Tas5bar tab 3ustomi4e9 &ee Tas5bar and &tart Menu Properties in 3hapter , 1or more in1ormation. and &ee 3hapter ) 1or additional settin0s that a11e2t the Tas5bar. the noti1i2ation area. and the i2ons that routinely appear there9

Notes
Ri0ht(2li25 or double(2li25 on the 2lo25 when it is displayed to adGust the system date and time9 @8ou 2an also 0et there by openin0 the Date and Time properties in the 3ontrol Panel9A The &ystem Tray is available to any appli2ation that 2hooses to use M or misuse M it9 or e>ample. both "O6 and RealPlayer install a startup i2on in the &ystem Tray @as well as Gust about anywhere else they 2an put oneA M a 2lear abuse o1 the intended purpose9 The lan0ua0e indi2ator is use1ul only i1 multiple 5eyboard layouts are enabled9 3li25 on the indi2ator to display a pop(up menu that lets you swit2h between available 5eyboard layouts9 The power status indi2ator is 0enerally use1ul only on laptops9 %t shows a plu0 when the system is 2onne2ted to "3 power. and a battery when the system is runnin0 on the battery9 The hei0ht o1 the 2olor in the battery 0ives a rou0h idea o1 how mu2h power is le1tN to 0et a more pre2ise estimate. hold the pointer over the indi2ator until a Tooltips bubble pops up showin0 the per2enta0e o1 the remainin0 2har0e9 The P3 2ard indi2ator 0ives you a ;ui25 way to 0et to the 3ontrol Panel P3 3ard property sheet9 This indi2ator is use1ul i1 you will be ta5in0 P3 2ards in and out o1 your system 1re;uently. sin2e the system pre1ers to be noti1ied be1ore you do so9 The I&uper( ast :ser &wit2herI is a noti1i2ation area(based tool that allows you to swit2h between 2on1i0ured users simply by 2li25in0 on its tray i2onN see "ppendi> D 1or details9

&rogress "ndicators

The pro0ress indi2ator is a linear 0au0e that 0raphi2ally shows the 2ompletion o1 a parti2ular tas5. allowin0 you to rou0hly estimate the time to 2ompletion @see i0ure /(#$A9 The annoyin0 part is that the a22ura2y o1 pro0ress indi2ators is typi2ally not very 0oodN the value @4ero to -$$ per2entA displayed by an indi2ator is based entirely on appro>imations made by the appli2ation9 What's worse is that some pro0rams. espe2ially appli2ation installers. o1ten have several. 2onse2utive pro0ress indi2atorsN un1ortunately. these only display the pro0ress o1 a parti2ular tas5 rather than the entire pro2ess. whi2h obviously is not terribly help1ul9 9ig&re 2-,1+ Often a dia(og #i(( sho# t#o progress indicators) one sho#ing the comp(etion of the c&rrent task and one sho#ing the progress of the entire Fo:

&roperties

The Properties window @sometimes 2alled the Properties sheetA is a dialo0 bo> that serves a very spe2i1i2 purpose: to display and allow 2han0es to the settin0s asso2iated with a 1ile. 1older. or other obGe2t in Windows9 Most obGe2ts have Properties sheets. almost always a22essible by ri0ht(2li25in0 and sele2tin0 Properties. as shown in i0ure /(#-9 @8ou 2an also display Properties by holdin0 "lt and double(2li25in0. or i1 the item is already hi0hli0hted. by pressin0 "lt(!nter9A Many items in the 3ontrol Panel 2an be ;ui25ly a22essed by ri0ht(2li25in0 on various inter1a2e elements and sele2tin0 PropertiesN 1or e>ample: 9ig&re 2-,*+ %ight-c(ick an item and se(ect Properties to disp(a the item-s Properties dia(og3 often a good p(ace to find e!tra feat&res and settings

My Networ5 Pla2es i2on Properties points to Networ5 3onne2tions !mpty portion o1 the Des5top Properties points to Display Properties My 3omputer i2on Properties points to &ystem Properties Properties points to Tas5bar and &tart Menu

Tas5bar or &tart button Properties

3lo25 @in the noti1i2ation areaA Properties

Properties points to Time and Date

"t minimum. most Properties sheets will have a Deneral tab. but most have more9 Note that the parti2ular in1ormation and settin0s available depend entirely on the obGe2t that was 2li25ed9

Notes
olders. printers. and dis5 drives have a se2ond property tab 2alled &harin09 &ee 3hapter < 1or details9 &hort2uts to M&(DO& and 2ommand(line(based pro0rams have additional settin0s 1or le0a2y support9 To see the amount o1 dis5 spa2e used by a 0roup o1 1iles. sele2t them and then view the Properties entry 1or the sele2ted list9 On the 1irst tab. you'll see the si4e o1 the whole 0roup9 3han0e any o1 the attributes. and the 2han0e will be applied to all o1 the 1iles in the sele2ted 0roup9 @:n1ortunately. i1 any o1 the 1iles in the sele2ted 0roup has a di11erent attribute 1rom other 1iles in the 0roup. the 2he25bo> 1or that attribute will be 0rayed out. so this does not wor5 in all 2ases9 This poor user inter1a2e desi0n was dis2ussed in 3ombo 'o>es. earlier in this 2hapter9A 3ertain types o1 1iles. su2h as Mi2roso1t Word 1iles. will have additional property pa0es that are 0enerated by the appli2ation that 2reated them9 Word 1iles. 1or e>ample. have pa0es that let you summari4e and view the statisti2s 1or do2uments9 "mon0 the settin0s in a Properties sheet 1or 1iles are the "ttributes @Read( only. 7idden. and "r2hiveA9 &ee "ttrib in 3hapter , 1or details9

%n previous versions o1 Windows. the Properties sheet also 2ontained the IM&(DO& name.I the ei0ht(2hara2ter Ishort 1ilename.I plus a three( 2hara2ter e>tension9 &in2e Windows XP has better support 1or lon0 1ilenames. it's assumed that this in1ormation is no lon0er ne2essary9 %1 you need a short 1ilename 1or a 1ile or 1older. type dir /# at a 2ommand prompt @see 3hapter + 1or detailsA9

'adio Buttons

Radio buttons are used 1or mutually e>2lusive settin0s9 3li25in0 on one 2auses any other that has been pressed to pop up. Gust li5e on an old 2ar radio9 The button with the dot in the middle is the one that has been sele2ted9 &ometimes you'll see more than one 0roup o1 buttons. with a separate outline around ea2h 0roup9 %n this 2ase. you 2an sele2t one radio button 1rom ea2h 0roup9 un2tionally. a 0roup o1 radio buttons wor5s li5e a standard listbo>9 @&ee i0ure /(##9A 9ig&re 2-,,+ T#o radio :&ttons are &sed to a((o# o& to choose on( one of the avai(a:(e Start men& st (es

Navi0atin0 radio buttons with the 5eyboard 2an be 2on1usin09 When usin0 the Tab 5ey to Gump between 2ontrols. Windows 2onsiders a 0roup o1 radio buttons to be a sin0le 2ontrol9 When the Tab 5ey pla2es the 1o2us on a sin0le radio button. you'll need to use the arrow 5eys to sele2t a di11erent oneN otherwise. another press o1 the Tab 5ey will Gump to a di11erent 2ontrol. seemin0ly s5ippin0 a whole bun2h o1 radio buttons9

'ec$cle Bin

%n the early days o1 2omputin0. on2e you deleted a 1ile. it was 0one9 "n unerase tool @available as part o1 Norton :tilitiesA was 2ommonly used to re2over a22identally deleted 1iles. and 2an even be used in Windows XP to re2over items emptied 1rom the Re2y2le 'in9 Thus. the Re2y2le 'in was implemented M a 1eature that 0ives nearly every 1ile a se2ond 2han2e. so to spea59 Dra0 any item 1rom the Des5top to the Re2y2le 'in i2on to delete it. as shown in i0ure /(#/9 ile Delete on the menubar o1 a 1older also moves items to the Re2y2le 'in. as does sele2tin0 the item and then pressin0 the Delete 5ey9 'y de1ault. 1iles are not deleted immediately. but are stored until the Re2y2le 'in runs out o1 spa2e. at whi2h point they are deleted. oldest 1irst. to ma5e spa2e9 :ntil that time. they 2an be retrieved by double(2li25in0 on the Re2y2le 'in i2on. browsin0 throu0h the 2ontents o1 the Re2y2le 'in window. and dra00in0 or sendin0 the 1ile elsewhere9 9ig&re 2-,2+ 8rag near( an icon onto o&r %ec c(e Bin to de(ete itB s&:se<&ent( open the %ec c(e Bin fo(der to retrieve it

:se the Delete 5ey to move any sele2ted 1iles to the Re2y2le 'in9 To a22ess the Re2y2le 'in with the 5eyboard. it's easiest to simply openWindows !>plorer and navi0ate to your \$ecycled 1older @there's one on ea2h drive. i1 you have more than oneA9

iles dra00ed to the Re2y2le 'in @or that are otherwise deletedA 1rom 1loppies. networ5 drives. or other e>ternal drives su2h as Fip drives will not be stored in the Re2y2le 'in9 They are simply deleted9
The 1ollowin0 settin0s are available in the Re2y2le 'in's Properties window: " slider allows you to spe2i1y how mu2h o1 ea2h drive 2an be allo2ated to the Re2y2le 'in9 The de1ault is -$ per2ent9 8ou 2an spe2i1y the same value 1or all drives or set a separate value 1or ea2h drive9 Keep in mind that on today's hu0e drives. -$ per2ent 2an be a lot: -$ per2ent o1 a ,$ 0i0abyte dis5 is , 1ull 0i0abytes o1 stored Gun59 The amount o1 spa2e a2tually used by the 1iles in the Re2y2le 'in is displayed in the 'in's status bar when you open it9 " 2he25bo> allows you to spe2i1y that deleted 1iles are not to be stored in the Re2y2le 'in. but removed immediately 1rom the dis59 3he25 this bo> i1 you don't want to have to remember to empty your Re2y2le 'in to delete 1iles. althou0h it 2an be rather dan0erous i1 you're 2areless with the Del 5ey9 " 2he25bo> as5s i1 you want to display a delete2on1irmation dialo09 :nli5e some earlier versions o1 Windows. it's possible to have the delete 2on1irmation turned o11 at the same time that the IDo not move 1iles to the Re2y2le 'inI settin0 is turned on9 This means that it's possible to permanently delete 1iles without any warnin0s at all9

To delete a sin0le 1ile without sendin0 it to the

Re2y2le 'in. use &hi1t(Delete or the del 2ommand at the 2ommand prompt9 Notes
With the Details view @the de1aultA. you 2an sort the 2ontents o1 the Re2y2le 'in by name. by ori0inal lo2ation @use1ul in 2ase you want to put somethin0 ba25 where it wasA. by the date deleted. by type. or by si4e9 3li25 on any o1 the headin0s to sort 2ontents by that headin09 3li25 a0ain on the same headin0 to reverse the order o1 the sort9 8ou 2an delete the entire 2ontents o1 a 1loppydis5 by dra00in0 the dis5 i2on to the Re2y2le 'in9 8ou will be prompted 1or 2on1irmation9 8ou 2annot dra0 a hard dis5 @su2h as C+A to the Re2y2le 'in. however. nor 2an you dra0 5ey 2omponents o1 the user inter1a2e. su2h as the My 3omputer. the 3ontrol Panel. or My Networ5 Pla2es to the Re2y2le 'in9 @Well. you 2an dra0 them there. but they won't 0o in9A Note that some o1 these Des5top items 2an be removed by ri0ht(2li25in0 and sele2tin0 Delete9 &ee 3hapter ) 1or more ways to 2ontrol what appears on your Des5top9

'un

The &tart menu lists many 2ommon Windows XP appli2ations and a22essories. plus any third(party appli2ations you've installed9 %t is 1ar 1rom 2omplete. thou0h. and navi0atin0 to the pro0ram you want is o1ten 1airly tedious9 %roni2ally. the in2reasin0 2omple>ity o1 the system pushes even the most 0raphi2ally oriented user ba25 in the dire2tion o1 the 2ommand line9 Eust about the ;ui25est way to run any pro0ram that isn't already on your Des5top is to type the name o1 the pro0ram at the 2ommand line9 Windows XP o11ers three di11erent 2ommand lines: the "ddress 'ar. the Run dialo0. and the 2ommand prompt window9 %1 you 5eep an "ddress 'ar visible at all times @see "ddress 'ar. earlier in this 2hapterA. it is by 1ar the most 2onvenient o1 the three 2ommand lines9 The Run Dialo0 is a 2lose se2ond9 7owever. i1 you are a heavy user o1 2ommand(line utilities. you may still 1ind a2ommand prompt window most use1ul9 The 2ommand prompt window has an advanta0e in that it provides use1ul 1ile mana0ement 2ommands su2h as dir. del. copy. and so on9 or the most part. thou0h. you 2an use the three 2ommand lines inter2han0eably9 %1 you type the name o1 a Windows D:% appli2ation. it will laun2h in its own window9 %1 you type the name o1 a te>t(based pro0ram @1or e>ample. pingA it will display its output in the 2urrent 2ommand prompt window. or. i1 issued 1rom the "ddress 'ar or Run dialo0. will laun2h its own 2ommand prompt window. whi2h will last only as lon0 as the 2ommand itsel1 e>e2utes9

Notes

8ou'll only be able to laun2h a pro0ram usin0 the Run 2ommand i1 that pro0ram's )e"e 1ile is in a 1older listed in the system path9 &ee 3hapter + 1or details9 One important di11eren2e between the one(line prompts @"ddress or RunA and a 2ommand prompt window is the 2onte>t in whi2h 2ommands run9 " 2ommand interpreter. or shell. always has a parti2ular 2onte>t. or environment. in whi2h it runs9 This environment 2an 2reate si0ni1i2ant di11eren2es in the results when you type a 2ommand name9 There are a number o1 2ommands you 2an issue only at a 2ommand prompt window @do2umented in 3hapter +A. all o1 whi2h are unavailable 1rom the Run prompt or "ddress 'ar9

See '(so
&ee "ddress 'ar. earlier in this 2hapter. and 3hapter +9

croll Bars

" s2rollbar is a verti2al or hori4ontal bar on a window with a little bo> inside it @2alled the slider or IthumbIA that 2an be dra00ed alon0 it with the mouse9 "ppli2ations use the s2rollbar not only to set the position o1 somethin0 @su2h as the te>t 2ursor in a te>tbo> or the 2urrently displayed pa0e o1 a word pro2essor do2umentA. but to 0ive us visual 1eedba25 o1 where we are and how mu2h stu11 we 2an't see9 The thumb shows us where we are in the entire pie2e o1 te>t. and the si4e o1 the thumb shows us what per2enta0e we're viewin09 @" lar0e thumb means that most o1 what's there is visible and a small thumb means that there's a lot we 2an't see9A The s2rollbar usually be2omes disabled @0rayed(outA i1 there's no s2rollin0 to be done9 3li25 the up or down arrows to move the s2roll bar in2rementally. or dra0 the thumb with the mouse to move to the desired position9 8ou 2an also 2li25 in the 0ray areas between the arrows and the thumb to move up or down a pa0e at a time9 %t is possible to use the 2ursor 5eys and P0:p?P0Dn 5eys to 2ontrol the s2rollbar i1 it has the 1o2us9 %1 the s2rollbar is part o1 another 2ontrol. su2h as the te>tbo> shown in i0ure /(#,. then it 2annot re2eive the 1o2us to re2eive 5eyboard input dire2tly9 %nstead. use the 2ursor 5eys to navi0ate in the listbo> or input 1ield with whi2h the s2rollbar is asso2iated9 The thumb blin5s i1 it has the 1o2us9 9ig&re 2-,7+ Use scro((:ars to vie# a(( of the items in a fo(der #hen the fo(der #indo# is not s&fficient( (arge

end (o

&end a sele2ted item to a pro0ram. dis5 drive. or 1older9

To Open
ile or 1older's 2onte>t menu &end To Ri0ht(2li25 on any 1ile or 1older and sele2t &end To to send it to one o1 the short2uts in your Send,o 1older9 The result is the same as thou0h you dra0(dropped the i2on onto the short2ut @see i0ure /(#)A9 9ig&re 2-,=+ %ight-c(icking an fi(e or fo(der3 se(ecting Send To3 and choosing a destination has the same res&(t as dragging and dropping the item to the destination3 :&t Send To is often more convenient

or e>ample. i1 the destination is an appli2ation. the appli2ation will be started and the sele2ted 1ile@sA will be opened9 %1 the destination is a 1older or a drive. the item@sA will be 2opied or moved @dependin0 on several 2ir2umstan2es des2ribed in 3hapter #A9

Notes

The options that appear in the &end To menu are determined by the 2ontents o1 the \Documents and Settings\DusernameE\Send,o 1older9 To add another &end To re2ipient. 2reate a short2ut in that 1older9 or e>ample. i1 you put a short2ut to notepad)e"e into that 1older @whi2h % 1ind e>tremely handyA. you 2ould easily open any 1ile in Notepad. re0ardless o1 the 1ile type9

&end To wor5s a bit di11erently. dependin0 on the destination9 &endin0 to a 1older @in2ludin0 the Re2y2le 'inA a2tually moves the 1ile there or 2opies i1 the sour2e and destination are on di11erent drivesN sendin0 to a pro0ram simply opens the 1ile9 8ou 2an use &end To on short2uts with impunity. but when you use it on an ori0inal 1ile. remember that you may a2tually be movin0 the 1ile9
%1 you pla2e a short2ut to your Send,o 1older in your Send,o 1older. you 2an 2reate new &end To destinations simply by sendin0 them to the Send,o 1olderO @&ay that 1ive times 1ast9A Pla2e short2uts to 1olders in &end To 1or an easy way to or0ani4e your 1iles9 8ou 2an wor5 on 1iles on the Des5top then use &end To to move them to their stora0e lo2ation when you're done9 8ou 2an even 2reate short2uts to shared 1olders on other ma2hines9 %1 you want to have a lot o1 &end To lo2ations. 2reate sub1olders in \Windows\Send,o9 They will show up as 2as2adin0 submenus on the &end To menu9

hortcuts

" &hort2ut is a lin5 to a pro0ram. 1ile. 1older. drive. system obGe2t. printer. or :R69 &hort2uts are a2tually small 1iles that 2ome in two 1lavors: Windows &hort2uts @)lnkA and %nternet &hort2uts @)urlA9 @&ee i0ure /(#+9A 9ig&re 2-,>+ ' standard shortc&t icon is disting&isha:(e from other icons : the (itt(e c&rved arro#

While you 2an start a pro0ram or open a 1older by double(2li25in0 on its i2on on the Des5top or sele2tin0 its i2on in the &tart menu. odds are thatappli2ation is stored elsewhere and you're usin0 a short2ut only to a22ess the appli2ation e>e2utable9 %1 you 1ind that there's a pro0ram. do2ument. 1older. or web site you use o1ten. it's easy to 2reate a short2ut to the obGe2t9 There are several ways to 2reate ashort2ut: :se the !>plorer to navi0ate to the dire2tory where the pro0ram's e>e2utable @)e"eA is storedN i1 the pro0ram is a Windows 2omponent @listed

in 3hapter ,A. it's e>e2utable is probably in the \Windows\System54 1older9 Otherwise. the e>e2utable is probably lo2ated in a sub1older o1 \Program ?iles9 On2e you've lo2ated the )e"e 1ile. use the ri0ht mouse button to dra0 it to the lo2ation o1 your 2hoi2e @typi2ally the Des5top or the &tart menuA and sele2t I3reate short2ut hereI 1rom the 2onte>t menu that appears9 The same pro2edure wor5s 1or 1olders. drives. and do2uments. as well9 %n some earlier versions o1 Windows. dra00in0 an )e"e 1ile with the le1t mouse button @in most situationsA automati2ally 2reated a short2ut. re0ardless o1 the destination9 This 1eature. whi2h nobody li5ed. has been removed in Windows XP9 More in1ormation on ri0ht(dra00in0 2an be 1ound in 3hapter #9 Ri0ht(2li25 on an empty area o1 the Des5top @or any 1olderA. and sele2t New &hort2ut9 This 1our(pa0e wi4ard prompts you 1or only two pie2es o1 in1ormation: the 1ull path o1 the obGe2t and the name o1 the resultin0 short2ut9 This pro2edure is more laborious than the others listed here. but it does have the advanta0e o1 allowin0 you to 2reate a short2ut to a pro0ram with 2ommand(line parameters9 " ;ui25 way to 2reate a short2ut to a 1older @or driveA is to open the 1older and then dra0 the 2ontrol i2on @the small i2on in the upper(le1t o1 the windowA onto the Des5top or other destination9 Ri0ht(2li25 any 1ile. system obGe2t @su2h as an item in 3ontrol Panel or the Printers and a>es 1olderA. and sele2t 3reate &hort2ut9 " short2ut to the sele2ted obGe2t will be 2reated in the same 1olderN i1 the 1older is a Ivirtual 1olderI @li5e 3ontrol PanelA and does not allow new items. you'll be prompted to 2reate the short2ut on the Des5top9 On2e the short2ut has been 2reated. it 2an be moved anywhere you li5e9 Open any web pa0e in %nternet !>plorer.Nets2ape. orMo4illa and dra0 the little i2on in the "ddress 'ar @immediately to the le1t o1 the http+CCA onto the Des5top or other destination. as shown in i0ure /(#<9

9ig&re 2-,@+ G&ick( create an Internet Shortc&t : dragging the icon from the 'ddress Bar to o&r 8esktop or 9avorites men&

&hort2uts are 2ommonly pla2ed on the Des5top and &tart menu 1or ;ui25 a22ess to pro0rams and do2uments. but 2an really be pla2ed anywhere9 One o1 the purposes o1 havin0 a 2entral My Do2uments 1older is to en1or2e the notion that do2uments and personal 1iles should be arran0ed by proGe2t. not by appli2ation9 This means that %nternet &hort2uts and Windows &hort2uts mi0ht be pla2ed in the same 1older as WordPer1e2t and !>2el do2uments. ma5in0 it easy to 0roup all the resour2es 1or a parti2ular proGe2t to0ether and de2reasin0 the time spent repeatedly tryin0 to lo2ate 1iles and data9 8ou 2an also 2reate a short2ut to a lo2al or networ5 printer9 Dra00in0 a 1ile onto the short2ut sends that 1ile to the printer without re;uirin0 you to open the asso2iated pro0ram. whi2h is handy i1 you do a lot o1 printin09 Puttin0 printer short2uts in your &end To menu lets you 2onveniently send 1iles to printers other than your de1ault printer9

Shortc&t properties
8ou'll noti2e that the names o1 short2uts. by de1ault. be0in with the phrase I&hort2ut to999.I and their i2ons have a small 2urved arrow superimposed on the lower le1t9 This arrow helps distin0uish short2uts 1rom the 1iles to whi2h they're lin5ed. but it is not set in stone9 To 2han0e the de1ault visual 2hara2teristi2s o1 short2uts. use Twea5:% @see "ppendi> DA9 There's also a 1eature in Windows that is supposed to automati2ally stop addin0 I&hort2ut toI to the your short2ut names i1 it sees you removin0 it manually several times in a row. but %'ve never been able to 0et this 1eature to wor5 reliably9 Twea5:% is mu2h more dire2t and mu2h less hassle9 To 0et more in1ormation about a short2ut. 0o to its Properties sheet @ri0ht(2li25 it and sele2t PropertiesA9 i0ure /(#= shows an e>ample o1 the se2ond pa0e o1 a short2ut's properties9 9ig&re 2-,A+ Vie# the Properties of a "indo#s Shortc&t to vie# or change its target3 choose a ne# icon3 or assign a hotke to it

,arget

This 1ield appears in the Properties sheet o1 Windows &hort2uts @see the :R6 below 1or its 2ounterpart in %nternet &hort2utsA9%1 the short2ut is to an e>e2utable with a 2ommand(line e;uivalent @in2ludin0. but not limited to. 2ommand prompt pro0ramsA. or even to a 1older. the 1ull 2ommand line re;uired to a2tivate the tar0et is spe2i1ied here9 %1 it's a short2ut to Notepad. you'll Gust see Notepad)e"e here9 %1 it's a short2ut to "dobe Photoshop. it'll loo5 li5e c+\Program ?iles\Ado*e\Photoshop\Photoshop)e"e9 Note that the 1ull path is re;uired 1or Photoshop. but not 1or Notepad be2ause Notepad is already in a 1older in the system path @des2ribed in 3hapter +A9 This 1ield is also 2onvenient 1or addin0 2ommand(line parameters that are typi2ally used to pass options to the tar0et pro0ram. so you don't have to do it manually every time it's started9 or e>ample. instead o1 2reatin0 an ordinary short2ut to !"plorer)e"e. 2reate a short2ut to E#plorer.e#e /n./e./select.c/, to laun2h !>plorer rooted at My 3omputer with drive C+\ sele2ted9 &ee Windows !>plorer in 3hapter , 1or details on this synta>9

Start in %1 the short2ut is to a pro0ram. this option spe2i1ies the wor5in0 1older in whi2h the pro0ram will 1irst loo5 1or 1iles to open or save9 Shortcut key 8ou 2an map a 5eyboard se;uen2e to open or e>e2ute the short2ut @sometimes 2alled a 5eyboard a22eleratorA. allowin0 you to a2tivate the short2ut without havin0 to hunt 1or the short2ut i2on9 or instan2e. you mi0ht want to map the 5eys 3trlP"ltP! to a short2ut to !>plorer9 Press any 5ey on the 5eyboard here and you will see 3trlP"ltP5ey appear as the short2ut 5ey se;uen2e9 Type that se;uen2e to laun2h the short2ut without 2li25in0 on it9 8ou should 2he25 "ppendi> 3 to ma5e sure you aren't 2reatin0 2on1li2ts with any e>istin0 5eyboard a22elerator9

'u0 alert:%1 you delete a short2ut with a 5eyboard a22elerator 2on1i0ured. Windows may not release the a22elerator. whi2h means it mi0ht warn you i1 you then try to use that a22elerator in another short2ut9 To avoid this problem. 2lear a short2ut's 5eyboard a22elerator be1ore deletin0 the short2ut9
$un " drop(down list allows you to spe2i1y whether the tar0et appli2ation should run in its normal window. be ma>imi4ed. or be minimi4ed9 The Minimi4ed option 2an be use1ul 1or appli2ations you'd li5e to have started automati2ally when Windows starts @see Notes. belowA9 The Ma>imi4ed option 2an be use1ul 1or appli2ations you'd li5e to run in 1ull(s2reen mode. but don't automati2ally remember their window state 1rom session to session9 ?ind ,arget 3li25 this button to open the 1older 2ontainin0 the ori0inal 1ile to whi2h this short2ut is a lin59 The ori0inal 1ile will be sele2ted in the 1older window9 Change Icon 'y de1ault. the i2on used 1or the short2ut is the same as its tar0etN in the 2ase o1 %nternet &hort2uts. thei2on is simply an %nternet !>plorer lo0o9 &ee %2ons. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on 2ustomi4in0 i2ons9 -$F The :R6 1ield is the %nternet &hort2ut 2ounterpart to the Tar0et 1ield. des2ribed above9 %t simply 2ontains the 1ull address @:R6A o1 the pa0e to whi2h it's lin5ed9 #ake this page a.aila*le offline This option. available only with %nternet &hort2uts. instru2ts Windows to download web pa0es to your hard dis5 so they 2an be viewed when you're not online9 % 1ind this 1eature most use1ul 1or savin0 web sites %'m 2on2erned won't be available the ne>t time % 2he259 &ee %nternet !>plorer in 3hapter , 1or more in1ormation9 Compati*ility ta* The 3ompatibility tab appears only in Windows &hort2uts and is not available 1or Windows 2omponents or appli2ations Windows 5nows to be 1ully 2ompatible with Windows XP9 Denerally. you'll never need to mess with these settin0s. unless you're usin0 an older Windows or DO& pro0ram that behaves stran0ely in Windows XP9 8ou'll probably need to e>periment with these settin0s. or possibly 2onta2t the manu1a2turer o1 the appli2ation 1or su00estions. to 0et the pro0ram to wor5 most reliably9 9ptions; ?ont; Fayout; and Colors &hort2uts to 3ommand Prompt appli2ations have 1our additional tabs M Options. ont. 6ayout. and 3olors M all used to 2ontrol the options o1 the 3ommand Prompt environment in whi2h the pro0ram will run9 This applies to

older DO& pro0rams as well as the newer Windows XP 2ommand prompt pro0rams. su2h as Telnet @see 3hapter ,A9 The settin0s in these e>tra tabs are des2ribed in 3hapter + and are also available 1rom the 2ontrol menu o1 the 2ommand prompt window9

Notes
&in2e short2uts are merely lin5s to appli2ations and not the appli2ations themselves. short2uts 2an be deleted without 1ear o1 any permanent dama0e9 %1 you wish to a2tually delete an appli2ation. use "dd or Remove Pro0rams. and the asso2iated short2uts will probably be removed as part o1 the uninstall pro2ess9 To have one or more short2uts laun2hed automati2ally when Windows starts. pla2e them in your &tart Pro0rams &tartup menu9 &ee &tart Menu. later in this 2hapter 1or details9

hut Down

&hut down the system. restart the 2omputer. or put it in power(savin0 mode9

To Open
&tart Turn o11 3omputer @or &tart &hut DownA 3trl("lt(Del &hut Down " Windows XP ma2hine should never be simply turned o11 be2ause the system 2a2hes data in memory and needs time to write it out to dis5 be1ore it is turned o119 "lways use &hut Down be1ore you turn o11 the power9 Dependin0 on your settin0s. you may see ITurn o11 3omputerI or I&hut DownI at the bottom o1 your &tart menu9 'oth do the same thin0. but the inter1a2e is sli0htly di11erent9 I&hut DownI displays the &hut Down dialo0 1ound in earlier versions o1 Windows. allowin0 you to 6o0 o11. &hut down. Restart. or &tand by9 ITurn o11 3omputerI displays the same 2hoi2es. e>2ept as new Windows XP(style buttons instead o1 a drop(down listbo>9 To 2hoose between these two &hut Down dialo0 styles. 0o to 3ontrol Panel :ser "22ounts 3han0e the way users lo0 on or o119 Turn o11 the I:se the Wel2ome s2reenI option to use the 2lassi2 &hut Down dialo0. or turn it on to use the new XP(style dialo09 Keep in mind that this option also a11e2ts the lo0on dialo0N when you use the Wel2ome s2reen. an i2on is shown 1or ea2h user9 When you use the 2lassi2 lo0on dialo0. you'll need to type the username to lo0 on9

The 2lassi2 lo0on dialo0 may not be as 1riendly as the Wel2ome s2reen. but it o11ers better se2urity be2ause any user must 5now both the username and password to lo0 on9 urthermore. the 2lassi2 lo0on dialo0 is the only way to lo0 into the "dministrator a22ount. whi2h is not shown at all in the Wel2ome s2reen9 Notes

%1 Windows displays the I%t is now sa1e to turn o11 your 2omputerI messa0e instead o1 simply 2uttin0 power automati2ally. your 2omputer is not properly set up 1or "PM @"dvan2ed Power Mana0ementA9 There are two re;uirements 1or auto(power o11: your 2omputer must have an "TX(2ompliant power supply and "PM support must be enabled in your system '%O&9 3he25 with your system or motherboard do2umentation 1or details9 Windows XP also has a new option that. at least in theory. will 0o throu0h the proper shutdown pro2edure when you press the power button on your 2omputer9 Do to 3ontrol Panel Power Options "dvan2ed tab. and 2han0e the IWhen % press the power button on my 2omputerI option to I&hut down9I Whether this wor5s or not depends on how "PM(2ompliant your motherboard is9

tart Menu

The 2entral lo2ation 1or your appli2ation short2uts and many Windows 1eatures9

To Open
Des5top &tart Press the Windows lo0o 5ey. i1 you've 0ot one 3trl(!s2 The &tart menu was one o1 Mi2roso1t's answers to the 0rowin0 si4e and 2omple>ity o1 the Windows operatin0 system when it was introdu2ed in Windows *)9 &in2e then. other 1eatures have been introdu2ed to 2ompensate 1or the &tart menu's inade;ua2ies. su2h as the Cui256aun2h toolbar and the new Windows XP(style &tart menu9 @&ee the dis2ussion o1 I&tyleI at the be0innin0 o1 this 2hapterA9 7ere is a ;ui25 rundown o1 the items you'll 1ind in the &tart menu9 Note that some o1 these items may be hidden as a result o1 settin0s des2ribed in 3hapter )9 @"lso see i0ure /(#*9A 9ig&re 2-,.+ Start men& items can :e rearranged : dragging and dropping

Programs 1or All Programs3 While the Des5top is 2ommonly used to hold i2ons 1or the most 1re;uently used pro0rams. the Pro0rams menu @or "ll Pro0rams menu. with the new Windows XP style &tart menuA is desi0ned to hold i2ons 1or every pro0ram installed on your 2omputer9 &ee &hort2uts. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or details9 Pro0rams @or "ll Pro0ramsA &tartup To have a pro0ram run automati2ally when Windows starts. pla2e a short2ut to the pro0ram in this spe2ial 1older9 %1 you have more than one user set up on your 2omputer. you'll want to 2ontrol whether the pro0ram starts up automati2ally 1or Gust you or 1or all users. so instead o1 droppin0 it ri0ht in your &tart menu. open !>plorer and navi0ate to either \Documents and Settings\DusernameE\Start #enu\Programs\Startup or \Documents and Settings\All -sers\Start #enu\Programs\Startup 9 Documents The Do2uments menu is a list o1 automati2ally 0enerated lin5s to the last do4en or so do2uments that were opened9 3li25 the lin5s to open the do2uments in their de1ault appli2ations9 The short2uts in this menu are stored in the \Documents and Settings\ DusernameE\$ecent 1older9 To 2lear this menu. delete the short2uts in the Re2ent 1older. or 0o to 3ontrol Panel Tas5bar and &tart Menu &tart Menu tab 3ustomi4e. and 2li25 3lear @or 3lear 6ist. i1 you're usin0 the Windows XP style &tart menuA9 or se2urity reasons. you may wish to disable this menuN see "ppendi> D 1or in1ormation on Twea5:%. whi2h has a 1eature to 2lear this list every time Windows is shut down. or even to hide the Do2uments menu entirely9 ?a.orites This is a mirror o1 the 2urrent user's avorites 1older 1\Documents and Settings\DusernameE\?a.oritesA and the "ll :sers' avorites 1older @\Documents and Settings\All -sers\?a.oritesA9 "lthou0h this is the same menu you'll see in Windows !>plorer and %nternet !>plorer. the short2uts in this menu will laun2h whatever browser is 2urrently re0istered as the de1ault9 Internet; !0mail 1Windows XP style Start menu only3 These two items are user(2ustomi4able lin5s to your 1avorite web browser and email pro0ram. respe2tively9 'y de1ault. they're set to %nternet !>plorer and Outloo5 !>press. but 2an be repla2ed with any pro0rams properly re0istered as web browsers and email 2lients9 &ee 3hapter ) 1or details on 2hoosin0 your own pro0rams here9 Shut Down &ee &hut Down earlier in this 2hapter9 Fog 9ff &ee 6o0 O11 earlier in this 2hapter9 $un &ee Run earlier in this 2hapter9 Search &ee Windows !>plorer in 3hapter ,9 Settings 1classic Start menu only3 or Control Panel 1Windows XP style Start menu only3 &ee 3ontrol Panel in 3hapter ,9

Notes
%1 you want to pla2e a newshort2ut in your &tart menu. remove an e>istin0 short2ut 1rom your &tart menu. or rearran0e your &tart menu short2uts. you 2an dra0(drop short2uts in your &tart menu almost as easily as you 2an in !>plorer or on your Des5top9 When you start dra00in0. an insertion line will appear where you 2an drop the short2utN i1 the mouse pointer 2han0es to a

2ir2le with a line throu0h it. you're over a portion o1 the &tart menu that 2an't be 2ustomi4ed9 To dra0 new short2uts into the &tart menu. start dra00in0 and hover the mouse 2ursor over the &tart button 1or a se2ond or twoN it will open automati2ally. allowin0 you to 2omplete your dra09 inally. you 2an ri0ht(2li25 any short2ut in your &tart menu. allowin0 you to delete it. 2han0e its properties. or even rename it in pla2e9 % 1re;uently use this 1eature to ma5e 2ertain appli2ation short2uts more a22essible by pla2in0 items on the Des5top that otherwise would be buried many menus deep9 When you 1irst install Windows XP. the short2uts in your &tart menu will be sorted alphabeti2ally9 "ny subse;uent items added to your &tart menu will appear at the end o1 the menu. and will not be sorted automati2ally9 To sort any sin0le menu. ri0ht(2li25 on one o1 its entries and sele2t &ort by Name9 To sort all 1olders in your &tart menu. 0o to 3ontrol Panel Tas5bar and &tart Menu &tart Menu tab 3lassi2 &tart menu 3ustomi4e. and 2li25 &ort9 @Note that this 1eature is only available in the 3ustomi4e dialo0 1or the 3lassi2 &tart menu. so i1 you're usin0 the new Windows XP(style menu. you'll need to temporarily swit2h to the 2lassi2 menu to sort all the 1olders at on2e9 @&ee 3hapter = 1or another solution9A 8ou 2an also add pro0rams and 1olders to the top level o1 the &tart menu by dra00in0 and droppin0 their i2ons onto the &tart button. or by waitin0 until the &tart menu is open and then droppin0 items onto the spa2e above the built(in entries @see i0ure /(/$A9 9ig&re 2-21+ 8rag and drop items in o&r Start men& to re-order or reorganize them in p(ace

This will pla2e a short2ut dire2tly into the \Documents and Settings\ DusernameE\Start #enu 1older. as opposed to \Documents and Settings\ DusernameE\Programs9 8ou should do this only 1or pro0rams that you use 1airly o1ten9 Dood pro0rams to add there mi0ht be the !>plorer and the 3ommand Prompt @DO&A9 "ddin0 1olders at this level is a 0reat way o1 or0ani4in0 all o1 your pro0rams into 2ate0ories9 On2e you have 2reated new 1olders. you 2an move the pro0ram short2uts 1rom the &tart Menu

Pro0rams 1olders into your own 1olders and leave all the other short2uts @uninstalls. readmes. et29A behind9 'y de1ault. dra00in0 any 1iles or other obGe2ts dire2tly into the &tart menu will 2reate short2uts to those items. whi2h is in2onsistent with the way Windows handles dra0(drop elsewhere @see 3hapter #A9 %1 you're dra00in0 an e>istin0 short2ut or a 1older 1ull o1 short2uts into the &tart menu. hold the &hi1t 5ey to 1or2e Windows to move @or the 3trl 5ey to 2opyA the items. rather than 2reate short2uts to them9 &tart Pro0rams 2an 0et 1airly 2luttered. sin2e most pro0rams add short2uts to this menu as part o1 their installation pro2ess9 Don't be a1raid to rearran0e and 2onsolidate your short2uts hereN most o1 them are probably never used anyway9 %1 you want pro0rams in the &tartup 1older to run in a parti2ular order. instead o1 puttin0 in short2uts to ea2h pro0ram. 2reate a sin0le bat2h 1ile @see 3hapter +A or a W&7 &2ript @see 3hapter *A that laun2hes the appli2ations in the desired order9 To bypass the pro0rams in the &tartup 1older. hold down the&hi1t 5ey while the system is bootin09 Keep holdin0 it down until the Des5top has 2ompletely loaded9 %n addition to the &tartup 1older. there are other ways pro0rams 2an be 2on1i0ured to run at &tartup9 &ervi2es @see 3hapter ,A lists many ba250round pro0rams that are run. even i1 no user has lo00ed onN the &tartup 1older. sin2e it's a per(user settin0. laun2hes pro0rams only a1ter the user has lo00ed in9 Other lo2ations in2lude the Re0istry 5ey. %&E'()OC*)(0*C%I1E,0icrosoft,2indows,Current3ersion,Run9 %1 you're mi0ratin0 1rom Windows *) or Windows NT ,9$. you may have be2ome a22ustomed to the way menus are split into multiple 2olumns when there are too many short2uts9 %n Windows *=?Me. Windows #$$$. and now Windows XP. the de1ault is s2rollin0 menus. whi2h tends to be aw5ward9 This settin0 2an be 2han0ed by 0oin0 to the &tart menu. and then to 3ontrol Panel Tas5bar and &tart Menu &tart Menu tab 3ustomi4e and turnin0 o11 the &2roll Pro0rams option9 @%t's in the "dvan2ed tab i1 you're usin0 the Windows XP(style &tart menu9A &hort2uts that appear in &tart Pro0rams and &tart avorites are saved 1or the 2urrently lo00ed(on user. as noted several times throu0hout this se2tion9 %1 you have more than one user 2on1i0ured on your ma2hine and you want any o1 these items to appear 1or all o1 those users @as everyone may wish to use the installed word pro2essor. 1or e>ampleA. open !>plorer and navi0ate to the \Documents and Settings 1older9 There's a 1older 1or ea2h 2on1i0ured user. as well as an "ll :sers 1older. and a De1ault :ser 1older @a template 1or subse;uently added usersA9 8ou may wish to dele0ate short2uts to these various 1olders. dependin0 on their use9 Note that i1 a short2ut is listed in a user's personal &tart Menu 1older as well as the "ll :sers &tart Menu 1older. it will appear twi2e in that user's &tart menu9 The same 0oes 1or the Des5top and &end To 1olders @both dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9

tatus Bar

The &tatus 'ar is a panel at the bottom o1 ea2h window @part o1 the same 1rame that 2ontains the titlebarA that 0ives in1ormation about the 2ontents o1 the window9 The standard status bar shown in i0ure /(/- has several se2tions. ea2h o1 whi2h is used to show a relevant statisti2 or settin09 9ig&re 2-2*+ The Stat&s Bar often sho#s &sef&( informationB in "indo#s 6!p(orer3 the free disk space or the com:ined size of the se(ected o:Fects is sho#n

&ome elements o1 the status bar respond to 2li25s and double(2li25s. althou0h there's no standard 1or any user intera2tion9 %1 an appli2ation has a status bar. it 2an usually be hidden or made visible as an entry in the Biew menu9 &ome pro0rams even let you 2on1i0ure the status bar with the in1ormation that is important to you9 @Try ri0ht(2li25in0 on the status bar 1or 2on1i0uration options9A The &tatus 'ar in the Windows !>plorer. 1or e>ample. shows the number and 2ombined si4e o1 the sele2ted 1iles. as well as the amount o1 1ree spa2e on the drive9 "nd when you're navi0atin0 throu0h menus. you'll see a tip 1or the 2urrently sele2ted menu item in the &tatus 'ar9 One espe2ially use1ul tip is the one that appears 1or !dit :ndo. as it shows e>a2tly whi2h 1ile operation@sA will be undone9

$stem (ra$

&ee Noti1i2ation "rea9

(abbed Dialogs

Tabs are used in dialo0 bo>es when there are too many settin0s to 1it on the same pa0e9 @&ee i0ure /(/#9A 9ig&re 2-2,+ Settings in dia(og :o!es (ike this one are often divided into separate Ta:sB the O? and 'pp( :&ttons app( to a(( ta:s sim&(taneo&s(

"2tivate a tab by 2li25in0 on it9 The a2tive tab @or pa0eA is visibly more prominent than the rest. and the displayed settin0s typi2ally 1all within the 2ate0ory depi2ted by the 2aption o1 the sele2ted tab9 The rule. when 2han0in0 settin0s in a dialo0 bo>. is that all settin0s behave as thou0h they were all on the same pa0e9 That is. i1 you 2han0e a settin0 under one tab. swit2h to another tab and 2han0e a settin0 there. and then 2li25 OK. both settin0s will be implemented9 :n1ortunately. some appli2ation developers don't 1ollow these rules9 &ometimes the tab sele2tion itsel1 is a settin0N in the e>ample above. this means that only one o1 these settin0s would be implemented and the other would be lost9 The other problem o22urs when settin0s are saved when you 1lip between taps9 Press 3trl(Tab to move to the ne>t tabbed pa0e or &hi1t(3trl(Tab to move in reverse9

(askbar

The Tas5bar. shown in i0ure /(//. 2ontains the &tart Menu button. buttons representin0 all open appli2ation windows. the noti1i2ation area @also 5nown as the Tray. dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA. and any optional toolbars @see Toolbars. laterA9 9ig&re 2-22+ In addition to o&r Start :&tton and the notification area3 a Task:ar :&tton appears for each open #indo#B c(ick a :&tton to activate the #indo#

The &tart button isn't terribly 2ompli2ated: Gust 2li25 on it to open the &tart menu @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9 There are two 2hoi2es 1or the loo5 o1 the &tart button. ea2h part o1 the 2urrently sele2ted style @see I&tyle.I at the be0innin0 o1 this 2hapterA9 :n1ortunately. there's no way to 2ustomi4e the loo5 o1 the &tart button without a third(party add(on9 8ou 2an 5eep tabs on all runnin0 appli2ations by loo5in0 in the portion o1 the Tas5bar between the &tart button and the noti1i2ation area @TrayA9 Nearly every 2urrently open window is represented by a button on your Tas5bar9 3li25 the button o1 a 2orrespondin0 window to brin0 that window to the top @i1 it happens to be obs2uredA and shi1t 1o2us to that window9 %1 the window is 2urrently a2tive. 2li25in0 its Tas5bar button will minimi4e @hideA it9 The 2urrently a2tive window appears pushed in. while any others @i1 anyA appear as normal buttons9 %1 a window has been minimi4ed @see Windows. later in this 2hapterA. it will also appear as a normal

button. indistin0uishable 1rom those 1or visible windows9 Ri0ht(2li25 on a Tas5bar button to a22ess the window's 2ontrol menu @see WindowsA. allowin0 you. amon0 other thin0s. to 2lose a window without 1irst havin0 to restore it9

%1 an appli2ation is busy. 2li25in0 a Tas5bar i2on sometimes won't a2tivate the window9 %1 this happens. try ri0ht(2li25in0 on the Tas5bar i2on and sele2tin0 Restore9 %1 an appli2ation has 2rashed and you're unable to shut it down 0ra2e1ully. you 2an o1ten 2lose it by ri0ht(2li25in0 its Tas5bar button and sele2tin0 3lose9 "lthou0h this doesn't always wor5. it is mu2h ;ui25er and more 2onvenient than usin0 the Windows Tas5 Mana0er @dis2ussed in 3hapter ,A9
'y de1ault. the Tas5bar appears at the bottom o1 the s2reen. but it 2an be dra00ed to the top or either side by 0rabbin0 any empty portion o1 the Tas5bar with the mouse @unless it's lo25ed M see belowA9 8ou 2an also resi4e the Tas5bar by 0rabbin0 its ed0e9 Ri0ht(2li25 on an empty area o1 the Tas5bar to pop up its 2onte>t menu9 ,ool*ars &how or hide any o1 the Tas5bar toolbars @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA or the "ddress 'ar @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9 Cascade Windows "rran0e all windows @e>2ept those that are minimi4edA so that they appear I2as2aded:I the window on the bottom o1 the pile will be moved to the upper(le1t o1 your Des5top. the ne>t will appear Gust sli0htly lower and to the ri0ht. and so on9 ,ile Windows BoriAontally; /ertically "rran0e all windows @e>2ept those that are minimi4edA so that they don't overlap and that. to0ether. they 1ill the s2reen9 7ori4ontal tilin0 results in wider windows and verti2al tilin0 results in taller. narrower windows9 Show the Desktop 'rin0 the Des5top to the top o1 the pile. 2overin0 all open windows9 This has the same e11e2t as minimi4in0 all open windows. e>2ept that you 2an then use &how Open Windows to ;ui25ly drop the Des5top ba25 down to the bottom and restore all windows to their previous states9 Note that the IMinimi4e all WindowsI option 1ound here in previous versions o1 Windows has been removed in Windows XP. but you 2an still ;ui25ly minimi4e all open windows by holdin0 the Windows lo0o 5ey and pressin0 D9 ,ask #anager Open the Windows Tas5 Mana0er @see 3hapter ,A9 Fock the ,ask*ar %1 you lo25 the Tas5bar. you won't be able to move or resi4e it. nor will you be able to move or resi4e any Tas5bar toolbars that happen to be do25ed9 %1 you 1ind yoursel1 a22identally messin0 up the Tas5bar. lo25in0 it will eliminate the problem9 Most toolbars in Windows 2an be lo25ed in this way9 Note also that lo25in0 the toolbar will hide the resi4e handles. 0ivin0 you a little more Tas5bar real estate 1or your tas5 buttons9 Properties This is the same as 3ontrol Panel Tas5bar and &tart Menu. whi2h is the same as &tart &ettin0s Tas5bar and &tart Menu and as ri0ht(2li25in0 the &tart button and sele2tin0 Properties9 &ee Tas5bar and &tart Menu Properties properties in 3hapter , 1or details on these settin0s. as well as I&tyle.I at the be0innin0 o1 this 2hapter9

Notes
To a2tivate the Tas5bar buttons with the 5eyboard. 1irst press 3trl(!s2 to show the &tart menu. then !s2 to 2lose it. and then Tab to send 1o2us to the tas5 buttons9 :se the 2ursor 5eys to navi0ate. and press the spa2ebar to a2tivate a window or &hi1t( -$ to display it's 2ontrol menu9 %t's usually pre1erable to simply use "lt(Tab @or &hi1t("lt(Tab to 0o in reverseA to 2y2le throu0h the open windows rather than this elaborate pro2edure9 While we're at it. you 2an also press "lt(!s2 to send a window to the bottom o1 the pile @an alternative to minimi4in0 itA9 rom time to time. !>plorer @the appli2ation responsible 1or the Tas5bar. Des5top. and &tart menuA will 2rash. and the Tas5bar and all your Des5top i2ons will disappear9 Now there's a built(in sa1e0uard that relaun2hes !>plorer automati2ally i1 su2h a 2rash is dete2ted. but it doesn't always wor5 as it's desi0ned9 or e>ample. i1 you have a separate Windows !>plorer window open and the I6aun2h 1older windows in a separate pro2essI option @3ontrol Panel older Options Biew tabA is enabled. and the Tas5bar disappears. Windows will mista5enly open another Windows !>plorer window instead o1 reinstatin0 your Tas5bar and Des5top9 %1 this happens. you'll need to 2lose all visible Windows !>plorer windows9 Then. press 3trl("lt(Del. and 2li25 Tas5 Mana0er9 %n the Windows Tas5 Mana0er appli2ation that appears. 0o to ile New Tas5 @RunA. type e#plorer. and 2li25 OK9 &ome appli2ations have i2ons in the Noti1i2ation "rea @or Tray. dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA instead o1 Tas5bar buttons9 " 1ew appli2ations have both and some have neither9 %1 an appli2ation window has no Tas5bar button. it will not be a22essible when you press "lt(Tab @used to swit2h between runnin0 appli2ationsA9 'y de1ault. the Tas5bar I0roupsI similar tas5 buttons to0ether9 'ut what does this meanH Most appli2ations are 2apable o1 openin0 several do2uments simultaneously without havin0 several separate instan2es o1 the appli2ation. a desi0n 5nown as multiple do2ument inter1a2e @MD%A9 This not only saves memory and s2reen real estate. but it ma5es 2omparin0 do2uments side by side and sharin0 in1ormation between multiple do2uments mu2h easier9 %n O11i2e #$$$. and now O11i2e XP. Mi2roso1t has un1ortunately tried to abolish MD% in 1avor o1 separate sin0le do2ument inter1a2e @&D%A windows9J-K The 2onse;uen2e was in2reased 2lutter on the Tas5bar. so Mi2roso1t 2ame up with tas5 button 0roupin0. whi2h 2onsolidates all o1 the open do2uments o1 an &D% appli2ation into a sin0le button9 To enable or disable this option. 0o to 3ontrol Panel Tas5bar and &tart Menu Tas5bar tab9
Their reason 1or this 2han0e is reportedly due to 2on1usion amon0 new users re0ardin0 the use o1 the MD% inter1a2e9 :n1ortunately. in my opinion. their 2ure was mu2h worse than the disease9 Most third(party appli2ation developers have not instituted this desi0n9 urthermore. O11i2e #$$$ and O11i2e XP both have the option o1 usin0 the MD% inter1a2e9 &ee http:??www9annoyan2es9or0?e>e2?show?arti2le$=( =$) 1or details9
J-K

&ee Tas5bar and &tart Menu Properties in 3hapter , 1or more settin0s that a11e2t the Tas5bar9 "mon0 the more use1ul are the I"uto(hide the Tas5barI and IKeep the Tas5bar on top o1 other windows options9

(ext Boxes

&ee %nput ields9

(itle Bars

&ee Windows9

(oolbars

Toolbars are used to provide ;ui25 a22ess to 1re;uently used 1un2tions in a pro0ram9 Windows 2omes with several toolbars. in2ludin0 those 1ound in Windows !>plorer. %nternet !>plorer. Wordpad @and other appli2ationsA. and the Cui25 6aun2h toolbars on the Tas5bar @see i0ure /(/,A9 9ig&re 2-27+ "ordpad-s too(:ar provides access to e(even of the most common( &sed f&nctions3 s&ch as Open3 Save3 Print3 and 9ind

:sually. the buttons in a toolbar don't provide any 1un2tionality that isn't otherwise a22essible throu0h the menus or via a 5eystro5e or two9 Toolbars are almost e>2lusively mouse oriented. so a toolbar that wor5s with the 5eyboard is a rare o22urren2e9 The toolbars in most modern appli2ations are 2on1i0urableN that is. you 2an rearran0e the tools to your li5in0. add new items. and remove the ones you don't use9 %t's de1initely worth ta5in0 a 1ew minutes to 2on1i0ure the toolbar with the 1eatures that you use the most. espe2ially sin2e the de1ault toolbars in most appli2ations are set up to show2ase the most mar5etable 1eatures o1 the produ2t rather than to ma5e the pro0ram easier to use9 The 2on1i0uration and 1eatures o1 a parti2ular toolbar is typi2ally the responsibility o1 the appli2ation that owns it. althou0h most modern appli2ations use Mi2roso1t's toolbar 2ontrols. whi2h a11ord a 0ood de0ree o1 2onsisten2y9 8ou 2an o1ten ri0ht(2li25 on an empty portion o1 a toolbar to 2han0e its properties or to add or remove buttons9 Toolbars 2an usually be Ido25edI to the top. bottom. or sides o1 an appli2ation. or they 2an 1loat9 Play around with toolbars to 0et a 1eel 1or how they respond to bein0 dra00ed and resi4edN there's no substitute 1or /$ se2onds o1 1oolin0 around9 &ome newer toolbars 2an be Ilo25edI so that they 2an't be a22identally moved. resi4ed. or 2losed9 % 2an't tell you how many phone 2alls %'ve 0otten 1rom 1ranti2 1riends and relatives tellin0 me that they've lost their toolbarsO 6o25in0 is a wel2ome 1eature. indeed9

Many lar0er appli2ations. su2h as WordPer1e2t O11i2e and Mi2roso1t O11i2e. support multiple toolbars. in2ludin0 2ustom toolbars you 2an 2reate as needed9 These toolbars 2an typi2ally be rearran0ed by dra00in0 them around. althou0h you may not 0et any visual 1eedba25 until you let 0o9 To hide a toolbar. try ri0ht(2li25in0 on it. or Gust dra0 it @i1 it's do25edA so that it 1loats and then 2li25 the 2lose button in the toolbar's titlebar9

" ;ui25 way to 2ustomi4e the buttons on toolbars is to hold the "lt 5ey while dra00in0 or ri0ht(2li25in0 @to move a button or 2han0es its properties. respe2tivelyA9 Pressin0 the "lt 5ey puts the toolbar into IeditI mode temporarilyN in 1a2t. you 2an even dra0 buttons 1rom one toolbar to another with this method9 Note that Tas5bar toolbars @see belowA are always in edit mode. so the "lt 5ey is not needed9 Too(:ars on the Task:ar
%n addition to the Des5top and &tart menu. short2uts to 1re;uently used pro0rams 2an also be pla2ed in 2on1i0urable toolbars that are either do25ed on the Tas5bar @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA or are allowed to 1loat9 'y de1ault. there are 1our Tas5bar toolbars9 Ri0ht(2li25 an empty area o1 the Tas5bar and sele2t Toolbars to show or hide any o1 them9 The 1our toolbars are as 1ollows: Address The "ddress 'ar on the Tas5bar is the same as the one in Windows !>plorer and %nternet !>plorer and wor5s very mu2h li5e &tart Run9 &ee "ddress 'ar. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or details9 Finks The 6in5s toolbar is desi0ned to hold your 1avorite avorites. or. more spe2i1i2ally. lin5s @%nternet &hort2utsA to your 1avorite web sites9 This is the same toolbar as the 6in5s toolbar in %nternet !>plorer @see %nternet !>plorer in 3hapter ,A9 &hort2uts displayed on this toolbar are stored in \Documents and Settings\DusernameE\?a.orites\Finks9 Guick Faunch The Cui25 6aun2h toolbar wor5s very mu2h li5e the Pro0rams menu in the &tart menu: it shows any number o1 short2uts to your most 1re;uently used pro0rams9 The Cui25 6aun2h toolbar. as well as any other 2ustom toolbars you 2reate @e>2ept Des5top. dis2ussed belowA are mirrors o1 1olders on your hard dis59 or e>ample. the 2ontents o1 the Cui25 6aun2h toolbar are stored in \Documents and Settings\DusernameE\Application Data\#icrosoft\Internet !"plorer\Guick Faunch9 8ou 2an 0et there ;ui25ly by ri0ht(2li25in0 on an empty portion o1 the Cui25 6aun2h toolbar and sele2tin0 Open older @see below 1or other items on this menuA9

One o1 the ni1tiest i2ons on the Cui25 6aun2h Toolbar is the &how Des5top i2on: 9 Don't delete this one M it's not a short2ut. but rather a Windows !>plorer 3ommand @)scfA 1ile9 %t has the same e11e2t as ri0ht( 2li25in0 on the Tas5bar and sele2tin0 &how Des5top @see Tas5bar. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or detailsAN it

pops the Des5top on top o1 all other windows. allowin0 a22ess to Des5top i2ons without havin0 to minimi4e anythin09 % 1ind this i2on 1ar superior to displayin0 the Des5top Toolbar9
8ou 2an 2reate your own 2ustom toolbars by ri0ht(2li25in0 on the Tas5bar and sele2tin0 Toolbars New Toolbar9 &imply spe2i1y an e>istin0 1older whose 2ontents you want made into a toolbar @su2h as 3ontrol Panel. Dial( :p Networ5in0. or one o1 the 1olders in your &tart menuA. or 2li25 Ma5e New older i1 you want to start with a blan5 toolbar9 One o1 the limitations o1 2ustomtoolbars is that i1 they're ever 2losed. Windows won't display them on the list o1 available toolbars. as with the pre2on1i0ured toolbars dis2ussed here9 %1 you ever 2lose a 2ustom toolbar. you'll have to start over and 0o throu0h the New Toolbar pro2ess to 0et it ba25 @thou0h all your short2uts will still be thereA9 or a more sophisti2ated toolbar laun2her. 0o to http:??www92reativelement92om?so1tware?route-9html Desktop TheDes5top Toolbar was intended as a handy way to 0et at the 2ontents o1 your Des5top when it's 2overed with open windows9 %t's really Gust another 2ustom toolbar @li5e Cui25 6aun2h. dis2ussed aboveA. e>2ept that it mirrors the 2ontents o1 your Des5top 1older9 O1 2ourse. i1 you have a lot o1 thin0s on your Des5top. this toolbar 2an itsel1 0et pretty unwieldy. so % don't 1ind it too use1ul9 8our milea0e may vary9 8ou'll probably pre1er to Gust use &how Des5top @either the button in the Cui25 6aun2h toolbar or the entry on the Tas5bar's 2onte>t menuA 1or ;ui25 a22ess to items on your Des5top9 On2e a toolbar is enabled. you 2an ri0ht(2li25 on an empty portion to display a 2onte>t menu with several options9 @Ri0ht(2li25in0 one o1 the toolbar buttons is the same as ri0ht(2li25in0 the 2orrespondin0 short2ut in !>plorer9A %n addition to the standard entries on the Tas5bar 2onte>t menu @see Tas5bar earlier in this 2hapterA. you'll 1ind the 1ollowin0: Biew 6ar0e %2ons. Biew &mall %2ons "llows you to display either lar0e @/# > /#A or small @-+ > -+A i2ons9 Neither 2hoi2e is per1e2tN small i2ons 2an be very di11i2ult to see and distin0uish and lar0e i2ons ta5e up too mu2h spa2e and o11er little advanta0e over Des5top i2ons9 3hoose whi2hever i2ons best suit your needs9 9pen ?older Opens the 1older to whi2h the toolbar is lin5ed9 When 2ustomi4in0 a toolbar. it's o1ten easier to deal with the a2tual short2uts in a real 1older than it is to mess with the buttons on the Toolbar9 Show ,e"t Displays a te>t label ne>t to ea2h i2on9 This is use1ul i1 you have a toolbar 2ontainin0 i2ons o1 the same type. and i1 you've 0ot room on your Tas5bar to spare9 %t's the de1ault settin0 1or the 6in5s toolbar. but not 1or the Cui25 6aun2h toolbar9 Show ,itle &hows the name o1 the toolbar when it is do25ed on the Tas5barN this option has no e11e2t when the toolbar is 1loatin09 %t's really a waste o1 spa2e 1or the standard toolbars. but perhaps it is use1ul i1 you set up a lot o1 2ustom toolbars9 The title 2an also be used as a handle9 Close ,ool*ar 3loses the Toolbar9 8ou 2an also dra0 the toolbar o11 the Tas5bar and then 2li25 the 2lose button to 0et rid o1 it9 "s stated above. 2losed 2ustom toolbars do not remain on the Toolbars list9

Notes
Tas5bar toolbars 2an be do25ed on the Tas5bar simply by dra00in0 them there9 8ou 2an also do25 these toolbars alon0 the sides or top o1 your Des5top. re0ardless o1 the position o1 the Tas5bar9 %1 a Tas5bar toolbar doesn't seem to allow dra00in0 or resi4in0. ri0ht(2li25 on an empty portion o1 the Tas5bar and turn o11 the I6o25 the Tas5barI option9

(ra$

&ee Noti1i2ation "rea9

(rees

Many di11erent parts o1 the Windows XP inter1a2e are represented by hierar2hi2al trees. li5e the one in i0ure /(/)9 This 2ollapsible tree inter1a2e 2an be 1ound in !>plorer @representin0 drives and 1oldersA. the Re0istry !ditor @representin0 Re0istry KeysA. and Devi2e Mana0er @representin0 installed devi2esA9 9ig&re 2-2=+ The 9o(der Tree is an efficient and &sef&( #a to vis&a(ize and navigate the hierarch of o&r fi(es stem

%n most 2ases. displayin0 all entries in all bran2hes o1 a tree would ta5e too mu2h time. and would 2ertainly be unwieldy9 %nstead. bran2hes are I2ollapsedI and only the top levels are shownN you 2an e>pand any bran2h by 2li25in0 the plus si0n @PA. and then 2ollapse any bran2h by 2li25in0 the 2orrespondin0 minus si0n @(A9 8ou 2an also double(2li25 any bran2h to e>pand it. and a0ain to 2ollapse it9 %1 no plus si0n @PA appears. then the entry has no I2hildrenI and 2annot be e>panded 1urther9 Navi0atin0 trees with the 5eyboard is o1ten more 2onvenient than usin0 the mouse9 "s with listbo>es @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA. you 2an Gump to any bran2h by typin0 the 1irst letter @or 1irst 1ew lettersA o1 its name9 This wor5s re0ardless o1 the depth o1 the entry. but only on entries that are 2urrently visible9 :se the ri0ht arrow 5ey to e>pand the 2urrently sele2ted bran2h. or the le1t arrow 5ey to 2ollapse itN i1 the bran2h is already 2ollapsed. the le1t arrow 5ey Gumps to the parent9 The 'a25spa2e 5ey also Gumps to the parent. but it never 2ollapses bran2hes9 inally. the asteris5 5ey @SA e>pands all bran2hes 1rom the 2urrent lo2ation9

(urn O## Computer

&ee &hut Down9

)indows

The window is the basis 1or the 0raphi2al user inter1a2e9 Xero> developed the 1irst 0raphi2al windowin0 user inter1a2e9 This style o1 inter1a2e was 1irst populari4ed by "pple and later by Mi2roso1t. butXero> developed the 1irst 0raphi2al windowin0 operatin0 system more than a de2ade be1ore the 1irst Ma2 or Windows 2omputer ever saw dayli0ht9 Most windows are re2tan0ular. but irre0ular shapes are allowed too9 @&ee Windows Media Player in 3hapter , 1or an e>ample9A &tandard windows have a titlebar a2ross the top. whi2h. in addition to identi1yin0 the window and the 2urrently open do2ument @i1 appli2ableA. is used as a handle with whi2h to move the window around the s2reen @see i0ure /(/+A9 The titlebar also shows whi2h window is 2urrently a2tiveN dependin0 on your 2olor settin0s @set throu0h 3ontrol Panel Display "ppearan2e tab "dvan2edA. the titlebar o1 a2tive window will typi2ally appear dar5er than the others9 @&mall 1loatin0 toolbars in some appli2ations i0nore this rule. always appearin0 either ina2tive or a2tive9A 9ig&re 2-2>+ ' garden-variet #indo#3 comp(ete #ith tit(e3 men&3 and c(ient area

The elements 2ommonly 1ound on window titlebars are des2ribed below @any or all mi0ht be missin0. dependin0 on the type o1 windowA9 Control #enu 3li25 the i2on on the upper(le1t 2orner o1 a window or press "lt(&pa2ebar to display the 2ontrol menu. whi2h dupli2ates theMinimi4e. Ma>imi4e. and 3lose buttons and provides Move and Resi4e options @see belowA9 Double(2li25 the 2ontrol menu i2on to 2lose the window9 Dialo0 bo>es typi2ally don't have 2ontrol menu i2ons. but the menu is still there and 2an be a22essed with "lt(&pa2ebar9 The standard entries in the 2ontrol menu are present to ma5e it possible to move. resi4e. minimi4e. ma>imi4e. and 2lose the window with the 5eyboard9 or e>ample. press "lt( &pa2e and then & to resi4e a window with the 2ursor 5eys9 &ome windows have additional 1un2tions in this menu. espe2ially i1 those appli2ations don't have 1ull(blown menus9 Dood e>amples are the 2ontrol menus o1 Windows !>plorer and sin0le(1older windows. whi2h are the same as the 2onte>t menus o1 the i2ons that open them9 Navi0ate to c+\#y\Stuff and 2li25 the 2ontrol menu. and you'll 0et the same options as thou0h you

ri0ht(2li25ed on the &tu11 i2on in the c+\#y 1older9 This. 1or e>ample. lets you delete a 1older without havin0 to 1irst open its parent9 8ou 2an also dra0 the 2ontrol menu i2on to move or 2opy the 1older as thou0h you were dra00in0 the 1older's i2on9 %1 you see two 2ontrol menus. one on top o1 the other. you're usin0 an appli2ation @su2h as a word pro2essorA that 2an have one or more do2ument windows open simultaneouslyN see the des2ription o1 Multiple Do2ument %nter1a2e below9 #inimiAe 3li25 Minimi4e to hide a window so that only its tas5 button on the Tas5bar is visible9 &ee Tas5bar. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or details9 #a"imiAeC$estore Ma>imi4e a window to have it 1ill the s2reen9 3li25 the ma>imi4e button a0ain to restore it to its 1ree(1loatin0 position and si4e9 8ou 2an also double( 2li25 the titlebar to ma>imi4e and restore a window9 Close 3lose a window9 This is usually the same as sele2tin0 ile 3lose or ile !>it. or at least it's supposed to be9 Double(2li25in0 the 2ontrol menu i2on also 2loses windows. as does "lt( ,9 Most. but not all. windows 2an be resi4ed by 0rabbin0 any ed0e with the mouse and dra00in09 &ome windows have an additional resi4e handle on the lower(ri0ht 2orner. whi2h 2an be a little easier to 0et a pur2hase on than the ed0es9 Multiple Do2ument %nter1a2e @MD%A appli2ations have windows within windows. usually allowin0 multiple do2uments to be open simultaneously9 The MD% parent window. the 2ontainer o1 the do2ument windows. usually has a Window menu. whi2h allows you to swit2h to any open do2uments and provides some 1eatures to arran0e the do2uments visually @3as2ade. Tile. et29A9 &ome appli2ations @3orel's WordPer1e2t and Cual2omm's !udora. to name a 1ewA have in2orporated a 2lever Tas5bar 1or their MD% appli2ations. ma5in0 it easy to mana0e several do2ument without havin0 to use the somewhat aw5ward Window menu9 &ee Tas5bar. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on MD% appli2ations and how some newer Mi2roso1t appli2ations are abandonin0 this desi0n9 7ere are some 5eyboard short2uts 1or wor5in0 with windows: "lt(Tab swit2hes between open appli2ation windows9 7old &hi1t to 0o in reverse9 3trl(Tab @or 3trl( +A swit2hes between open do2uments in an MD% appli2ation window9 "0ain. hold &hi1t to 0o in reverse9 "lt(!s2 sends the 2urrent window to the bottom o1 the pile and a2tivates the ne>t one in line9 "lt( , 2loses the 2urrent appli2ation window9 3trl( , 2loses the 2urrent do2ument in an MD% appli2ation window9 %1 a window has multiple panes @su2h as Windows !>plorerA. use + or 3trl( Tab to swit2h between them9

Notes
&ome more stylish @read IweirdIA windows without Tas5bars 2an usually be moved by 2li25in0 on any empty area o1 the window9 Te2hni2ally. the Des5top is a window. althou0h it's always at the bottom o1 the pile @2alled the F(orderA9 3onversely. some windows @and even the Tas5barA 2an be set to Ialways on top.I whi2h means that they're always on

top o1 the pile and 2an't be 2overed by other windows @e>2ept by other Ialways on topI windowsA9 "lso see Menus and Tas5bar9

Chapter 7+ "indo#s $P 'pp(ications and Too(s

This 2hapter provides an alphabeti2al re1eren2e to all o1 the use1ul 2omponents that ma5e up Windows XP: an en2y2lopedia o1 everythin0 you 2an do with Windows out o1 the bo>9 &ome o1 the more prominent appli2ations and utilities that 2ome with Windows XP are available throu0h short2uts on the &tart menu. but many use1ul tools aren't as 2onspi2uous M available only to those who 5now where to loo59 What you'll undoubtedly 1ind interestin0 is the lar0e number o1 appli2ations that aren't listed in the &tart menu or do2umented in the manual or in most boo5s9 "t the be0innin0 o1 ea2h entry. you'll 1ind all the di11erent methods o1 laun2hin0 @or openin0A these 2omponents. in2ludin0 their lo2ations in the &tart menu @i1 appli2ableA. their e>e2utable 1ilenames 1or startin0 them 1rom the 2ommand prompt. or any other means o1 a22essin0 the 2omponent9 &ee 3hapter # 1or an overview o1 all the ways to laun2h pro0rams in Windows XP9

7+* Using the Command Prompt

8ou may need to use the 2ommand prompt to run some o1 the pro0rams listed in this 2hapter @see i0ure ,(-A9 %n addition to the 2ommand prompt appli2ation. cmd)e"e. two other elements in Windows XP 2an also be used as 2ommand prompts9 The "ddress 'ar. typi2ally 1ound at the top o1 the %nternet !>plorer window. is where you type a web site address to instru2t %! to open the 2orrespondin0 web pa0e9 The "ddress 'ar 2an also be used as a rudimentary 2ommand prompt. where you 2an type appli2ation 1ilenames. do2ument 1ilenames. and even 1older names to open them9 The "ddress 'ar 2an appear at the top o1 any %nternet !>plorer or Windows !>plorer window. and 2an even be pla2ed on the Tas5bar9 The other alternative to the 2ommand prompt is the Run entry in the &tart menu. whi2h behaves nearly identi2ally to the "ddress 'ar9 To start an instan2e o1 the 3ommand window. sele2t &tart )cmd or type cmd in the "ddress 'ar o1 any window9 9ig&re 7-*+ Some too(s can :e &sed on( at the Command Prompt3 s&ch as the "indo#s IP Config&ration &ti(it

Note that some o1 the 2omponents listed in this 2hapter are purely 2ommand(line based9 That is. rather than havin0 intera2tive windows o1 their own. they rely on the 2ommand prompt appli2ation to re2eive 2ommands and display in1ormation9 Many o1 these types o1 pro0rams @o1ten 2alled 2onsole appli2ationsA simply 2lose when they've 2ompleted their tas59 This means that i1 you laun2h one o1 these

pro0rams 1rom the &tart menu or "ddress 'ar. it will simply appear and disappear be1ore you 5now what happened9 To use one o1 these 2omponents. you must 1irst open a 2ommand prompt window @cmd)e"eA and type the 2ommand there9 3hapter + provides more detail on how to use the 2ommand prompt and e>plains the more subtle di11eren2es between the 2ommand prompt appli2ation and the "ddress 'ar9 3hapter / do2uments the "ddress 'ar 1urther9

7+, '(pha:etica( %eference to "indo#s Components

The 1ollowin0 re1eren2e lists all the use1ul. dis2rete 2omponents that 2ome with Windows XP. sorted alphabeti2ally by their 2ommon names @e909. Minesweeper would be 1ound under IM.I not IWI 1or winmine)e"eA9 Note that some 2omponents are not installed by de1ault9 The set o1 2omponents in2luded with a basi2 Windows XP installation depends on the method by whi2h Windows XP was installed. whether it was installed 1resh. or over an older version o1 Windows9 "ny o1 the 1ollowin0 2omponents that appear to be missin0 2an be added easily by usin0 "dd or Remove Pro0rams @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA and 2li25in0 the "dd?Remove Windows 3omponents button9 Table ,(- provides an easy 2ross re1eren2e between the 2ommon name and the e>e2utable 1ilename o1 an appli2ation or other 2omponent9 :nli5e previous editions o1 this boo5. 2ontrol panel options are in2luded in this 2hapter9 or these items. the 2orrespondin0 2ommand line varies @and is do2umented more 2ompletely in the 3ontrol Panel se2tion in this 2hapterA. but usually 2onsists o1 the )cpl 1ilename. as spe2i1ied in Table ,(-9 Table $-1. %&ecutable filenames of the applications and tools in Windows XP Common application name "22essibility Options "22essibility Wi4ard "2tivate Windows "2tive 3onne2tions :tility "dd 7ardware Wi4ard "dd or Remove Pro0rams "ddress 'oo5 "dministrative Tools "t "ttrib 'a25up 'oot 3on1i0uration Mana0er 3abinet @3"'A Ma5er 3al2ulator 3hara2ter Map 3h5ds5 3h5nt1s 3lipboo5 Biewer 3ommand Prompt %&ecutable filename ' command Professional edition line onl! access)cpl accwiA)e"e msoo*e)e"e netstat)e"e hdwwiA)cpl appwiA)cpl wa*)e"e nCa at)e"e attri*)e"e nt*ackup)e"e *ootcfg)e"e makeca*)e"e; diantA)e"e calc)e"e charmap)e"e chkdsk)e"e chkntfs)e"e clip*rd)e"e cmd)e"e

3omponent &ervi2es 3omputer Mana0ement 3onne2tion Mana0er Pro1ile %nstaller 3ontrol Panel 3reate &hared older Date and Time Properties DD! &hare Devi2e Mana0er Dire2tX Mana0ement Tool Dis5 3leanup Dis5 De1ra0menter Dis5Part Display Properties Dr9 Watson Driver Beri1ier Mana0er DriverCuery !vent Biewer "T to NT & 3onversion :tility a> 3onsole a> 3over Pa0e !ditor ile 3ompare @2ompA ile 3ompare @12A ile !>pansion :tility ile and &ettin0s Trans1er Wi4ard in0er older Options ont Biewer onts older or2eDO& ormat ree3ell TP Dame 3ontrollers Droup Poli2y Re1resh :tility 7earts 7elp and &upport 3enter 7yperTerminal %!>press %nternet 'a250ammon

dcomcnfg)e"e compmgmt)msc cmstp)e"e control)e"e shrpu*w)e"e timedate)cpl ddeshare)e"e de.mgmt)msc d"diag)e"e cleanmgr)e"e defrag)e"e diskpart)e"e desk)cpl drwatson)e"e; drwtsn54)e"e .erifier)e"e dri.erHuery)e"e e.ent.wr)e"e con.ert)e"e f"sclnt)e"e f"sco.er)e"e comp)e"e fc)e"e e"pand)e"e migwiA)e"e finger)e"e control)e"e folders font.iew)e"e control)e"e fonts forcedos)e"e format)com freecell)e"e ftp)e"e; tftp)e"e >oy)cpl gpupdate)e"e mshearts)e"e helpctr)e"e hypertrm)e"e ie"press)e"e *ckgAm)e"e

%nternet 3he25ers %nternet !>plorer %nternet 7earts %nternet Options %nternet Reversi %nternet &pades Eava 3ommand(6ine 6oader Keyboard Properties 6abel 6o2al &e2urity Poli2y 6o0o11 Mi2roso1t 3hat Mi2roso1t Ma0ni1ier Mi2roso1t NetMeetin0 Minesweeper Mouse Properties Ms0 M&N !>plorer M&N Damin0 Fone Narrator Net Networ5 3onne2tions Networ5 &etup Wi4ard New 3onne2tion Wi4ard Notepad N&6oo5up NT & 3ompression :tility NT & !n2ryption :tility ObGe2t Pa25a0er OD'3 Data &our2e "dministrator On(&2reen Keyboard Open iles Outloo5 !>press Paint Pentium 'u0 3he25er Per1orman2e 6o0 Mana0er Per1orman2e 6o0s and "lerts Phone and Modem Options Phone Dialer

chkrAm)e"e ie"plore)e"e hrtAAm)e"e inetcpl)cpl r.seAm)e"e sh.lAm)e"e >.iew)e"e; w>.iew)e"e main)cpl key*oard la*el)e"e secpol)msc logoff)e"e winchat)e"e magnify)e"e conf)e"e winmine)e"e main)cpl msg)e"e msn8)e"e nCa narrator)e"e net)e"e ncpa)cpl nCa icwconn2)e"e notepad)e"e nslookup)e"e compact)e"e cipher)e"e packager)e"e od*cad54)e"e osk)e"e openfiles)e"e msimn)e"e mspaint)e"e pentnt)e"e logman)e"e perfmon)msc telephon)cpl dialer)e"e

Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole mmc)e"e

Pinball Pin0 Power Options Printers and a>es Private 3hara2ter !ditor Pro0ram Mana0er Cuery Pro2ess Re0istry 3onsole :tility Re0istry !ditor Remote "ssistan2e Remote 3opy 3opy Remote Des5top 3onne2tion Route Rundll/# Run "s &2anners and 3ameras &2heduled Tas5s &2heduled Tas5s 3onsole &e2urity Template :tility &end a a> &ervi2es &hutdown &i0nature Beri1i2ation Tool &olitaire &ound Re2order &ounds and "udio Devi2es &pee2h Properties &pider &olitaire &C6 &erver 3lient Networ5 :tility &ubst &yn2hroni4ation Mana0er &ystem Properties &ystem 3on1i0uration !ditor &ystem 3on1i0uration :tility &ystem %n1ormation &ystem Restore Tas5 Mana0er Tas5bar and &tart Menu Properties

pin*all)e"e ping)e"e powercfg)cpl control)e"e printers eudcedit)e"e progman)e"e; grpcon.)e"e Hprocess)e"e reg)e"e regedit)e"e rciml*y)e"e rcp)e"e mstsc)e"e route)e"e rundll54)e"e runas)e"e wiaacmgr)e"e nCa schtasks)e"e secedit)e"e f"ssend)e"e ser.ices)msc shutdown)e"e sig.erif)e"e sol)e"e sndrec54)e"e mmsys)cpl control)e"e speech spider)e"e cliconfg)e"e su*st)e"e mo*sync)e"e sysdm)cpl sysedit)e"e msconfig)e"e winmsd)e"e; msinfo54)e"e rstrui)e"e taskmgr)e"e nCa

Re0ional and 6an0ua0e Options intl)cpl

Tas55ill Tas5list Telnet Telnet "dministrator Tra2ert :ser "22ounts :tility Mana0er Bolume 3ontrol Windows !>plorer Windows ile 3he25er Windows 7elp &ystem Windows %P 3on1i0uration Windows Media Player Windows Messen0er Windows Movie Ma5er Windows &2ript 7ost Windows :pdate WordPad

taskkill)e"e tasklist)e"e telnet)e"e tlntadmn)e"e tracert)e"e nusrmgr)cpl utilman)e"e Cstart snd.ol54)e"e e"plorer)e"e sfc)e"e winhlp54)e"e; hh)e"e; winhelp)e"e ipconfig)e"e mplay54)e"e; wmplayer)e"e msmsgs)e"e mo.iemk)e"e cscript)e"e; wscript)e"e wupdmgr)e"e wordpad)e"e

Windows Pi2ture and a> Biewer nCa

Accessibilit$ Options

\windows\system\access)cpl

Provides options 1or the a22essibility tools in Windows XP

To Open
3ontrol Panel J"22essibility OptionsK 3ommand Prompt access.cpl "22essibility Options

8escription
"22essibility is Mi2roso1t's term 1or the 2olle2tion o1 tools and settin0s desi0ned to ma5e a 2omputer easier to use 1or those with poor eyesi0ht. hearin0. or some other physi2al 2hallen0e9 The settin0s in this dialo0 are shown on the 1ollowin0 1ive tabs: :ey*oard &ti25yKeys allows you to use 5eyboard 2ombinations. su2h as &hi1t(8 and "lt( ,. without havin0 to hold down more than one 5ey simultaneously9 ilterKeys lets you 2on1i0ure Windows' behavior when a 5ey is held down. su2h as how lon0 a 5ey must be held down be1ore it starts to repeat and how 1ast it repeats on2e it starts @settin0s are also available in 3ontrol Panel JPrinters and Other 7ardwareK Keyboard &peedA9 7owever. ilterKeys also lets you disable 5eyboard repeat 2ompletely9 To00leKeys instru2ts the Windows to play sounds whenever you press 3aps 6o25. Num 6o25. or &2roll 6o259

Sounds &ound&entry lets you substitute visual warnin0s @e909. 1lashin0 the titlebar or the entire s2reenA 1or sounds normally made 1or the system9 &how&ounds lets you substitute 2aptions 1or spee2h and other sounds in pro0rams that support this 1eature @un1ortunately. not many doA9 Display 7i0h 3ontrast is a ;ui25 way to 2hoose a 2olor s2heme with more 2ontrastin0 2olors. whi2h may ma5e te>t and other s2reen elements easier to see9 These settin0s are also available throu0h 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK Display "ppearan2e tab. but this 1eature also lets you to00le between hi0h 2ontrast and standard 2olors with a hot5ey9 The 3ursor Options allow you to adGust the settin0s o1 the insertion point @te>t 2ursorA so that it is easier to see9 To ma5e the mouse pointer easier to see. use lar0e pointers or enableMouse Trails @whi2h leaves a 0host tra25 when you move the pointerA by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel JPrinters and Other 7ardwareK Mouse and usin0 the Pointers and Motion tabs. respe2tively9 #ouse MouseKeys lets you use 5eys on the numeri2 5eypad to move the pointer around the s2reen @see i0ure ,(#A9 9ig&re 7-,+ The 'ccessi:i(it Options dia(og a((o#s o& to ena:(e or disa:(e specific 'ccessi:i(it too(s o& #ant

Move the pointer to an obGe2t and press Ins to start dra00in09 Press Del to end the dra09 Press the ( 5ey to swit2h I2li25in0I to the ri0ht button9 That is. ( then 4 to ri0ht(2li25 or ( then P to ri0ht double(2li259 IRi0ht(2li25I mode remains enabled until you press ? to swit2h ba25 to le1t(2li25in09 7old down &hi1t while usin0 the arrow 5eys to move the pointer pi>el by pi>elN hold down 3trl to move in bi0 Gumps9 The &ettin0s dialo0 bo> lets you 2ontrol how 1ast the pointer moves and how ;ui25ly it speeds up when you hold down a 5ey9 7i0her Top speed and a lower a22eleration settin0s here will ma5e your pointer easier to 2ontrol9 The I:se MouseKeys when Num 6o25 is Jon?o11 KI option allows you to use

MouseKeys without 0ivin0 up your numeri2 5eypad 1or 2ursor movement or numeri2 entry. whi2hever you use more9 7eneral "utomati2 Reset instru2ts Windows to automati2ally turn o11 all a22essibility 1eatures a1ter a 2ertain period o1 ina2tivity. a use1ul 1eature i1 several people use the same 2omputer and you don't want to have to remember to turn o11 the 1eatures every time you're done usin0 it9 Noti1i2ation lets you spe2i1y whether messa0es or sounds should be used to let you 5now when an a22essibility option is turned on or o119 &erialKey devi2es enables the use o1 spe2ial alternative input devi2es atta2hed to a serial port. allowin0 you to ta5e the pla2e o1 your 5eyboard or mouse with a more appropriate devi2e9

Notes
"ll o1 the settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9 "s an alternative to the settin0s 1ound here. the "22essibility Wi4ard 2an be used to help you 2hoose whi2h settin0s are ri0ht 1or you. one(by(one9

See '(so
"22essibility Options. 3ontrol Panel

Accessibilit$ )i*ard

\windows\system54\accwiA)e"e

" step(by(step inter1a2e desi0ned to help 2hoose a22essibility options

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories "22essibility "22essibility Wi4ard

accwi5

8escription
The "22essibility Wi4ard is simply an alternate inter1a2e to the settin0s provided in the "22essibility Options dialo0 @see i0ure ,(/A9 "22essibility is Mi2roso1t's term 1or the 2olle2tion o1 tools and settin0s desi0ned to ma5e a 2omputer easier to use 1or those with poor eyesi0ht. hearin0. or some other physi2al 2hallen0e9 The advanta0e o1 the Wi4ard inter1a2e here is that it will wal5 you throu0h the available options. one(by(one. lendin0 assistan2e where you may not 5now whi2h options you need9 or e>ample. you 2an 2han0e the 1ont si4e with predetermined settin0s based on your needs or disability. rather than by simply 2han0in0 a numeri2 value9 9ig&re 7-2+ The 'ccessi:i(it "izard asks <&estions and sets 'ccessi:i(it options according(

Notes
%n addition to the settin0s and utilities normally 1ound in the "22essibility Options window. the "22essibility Wi4ard also ma5es it easy to turn o11 Ipersonali4ed menus.I a 1eature 1ound in later versions o1 Windows that shows or hides menu items based on how 1re;uently they're used9 &in2e personali4ed menus 2an ma5e Windows more di11i2ult to use. you may want to disable this 1eature. whether or not you need the other a22essibility options9

See '(so
"22essibility Options

Acti!ate )indows

\windows\system54\oo*e\msoo*e)e"e

The 2opy prote2tion s2heme in Windows XP @see i0ure ,(,A9

To Open
&tart &ettin0s 3ommand Prompt "2tivate Windows

,windows,s$stem67,oo e,msoo e /*

8escription
Produ2t a2tivation is a new and somewhat 2ontroversial 1eature in Windows XP9 %ntendin0 to 2urb so1tware pira2y. Mi2roso1t now re;uires that ea2h installed 2opy o1 Windows XP be acti.ated9 This involves 2onta2tin0 Mi2roso1t. either over the %nternet or with a telephone 2all. to obtain a spe2ial 5ey to unlo25 Windows9 %1 Windows is not a2tivated within a 2ertain period. it will e>pire and re1use to load9 9ig&re 7-7+ Once o&-ve activated "indo#s $P3 o& pro:a:( #on-t ever need to again

The se;uen2e o1 steps to install and a2tivate Windows is as 1ollows: -9 Durin0 the installation o1 Windows. type the #)(2hara2ter 3D Key provided with the Windows XP installation 3D9 The 3D Key distin0uishes one end(user li2ense o1 Windows 1rom another9 #9 Windows then 0enerates a #$(di0it produ2t %D based on the 3D Key and the Windows version9 /9 8ou. the user. transmit the I%nstallation %D.I 2omprised o1 the #$(di0it produ2t %D plus an =(di0it hardware %D. to Mi2roso1t9 The hardware %D. a uni;ue number based on values obtained 1rom hardware in your 2omputer @see belowA. distin0uishes one 2omputer 1rom another9 ,9 Mi2roso1t responds with a ,#(di0it 3on1irmation %D. whi2h is 1ed into Windows to a2tivate it9 )9 &in2e the 2on1irmation %D is based upon the uni;ue 3D 5ey and the uni;ue hardware %D. it represents a sin0le. uni;ue system9 %1 someone attempts to a2tivate Windows with the same 3D Key and a di11erent hardware 5ey @representin0 the same 2opy o1 Windows bein0 installed on more than one 2omputerA. the 2opy prote2tion will 5i25 in and the produ2t a2tivation will 1ail9

Notes
The 7ardware %D is based on a hardware hash. a lon0 se;uen2e o1 numbers based on a in1ormation 1ound in your 2omputer's hardware9 The spe2i1i2 devi2es used are as 1ollows: o Display adapter @video 2ardA o o o o o &3&% adapter @i1 availableA %D! adapter Networ5 adapter M"3 address @i1 availableA R"M amount ran0e Pro2essor type

o o o o

Pro2essor serial number 7ard drive 7ard drive volume serial number 3D(ROM. 3D(RW. or DBD(ROM

%n theory. you should be able to up0rade one or two o1 these 2omponents without 2ausin0 a problem9 7owever. i1 you repla2e the motherboard or up0rade several 2omponents at on2e. the hardware %D will 2han0e si0ni1i2antly9 &in2e Windows XP 2ompares the 2on1irmation %D a0ainst the hardware %D every time Windows is started. a 2han0e in the hardware %D will probably void the a2tivation. and you'll have to rea2tivate Windows9 %t probably 0oes without sayin0 that the automated a2tivation will probably 1ail at this point. meanin0 that you'll have to spea5 with a Mi2roso1t representative and e>plain that you're merely reinstallin0 and not piratin0 the so1tware9 %t remains to be seen how mu2h hassle rea2tivation will beN those who up0rade o1ten will bear the brunt o1 that hassle9 %1 a virus atta25s or your 2omputer 2rashes and you're 1or2ed to 1ormat your hard dis5 and reinstall Windows. you'll have to a2tivate Windows a0ain9 7owever sin2e the hardware will probably not have 2han0ed. there should be no problem9 "side 1rom the hassle involved. the primary 1o2us o1 the 2ontroversy lies in the pro2ess by whi2h Mi2roso1t 0athers in1ormation about users' hardware 2on1i0urations and how they monitor subse;uent alterations9 "lthou0h Mi2roso1t insists that the online a2tivation is beni0n. you may want to sti25 with the tedious telephone a2tivation pro2edure to be on the sa1e side9 Many users may not be 2on1ronted with produ2t a2tivation at all9 &ystems pur2hased with Windows XP preinstalled may be prea2tivated as well. in one o1 two possible ways9 !ither the manu1a2turer may 2hoose to a2tivate Windows usin0 the method des2ribed above. or by a separate me2hanism 2alled &ystem 6o25ed Pre(installation @&6PA9 &6P ties the hardware %D to the system '%O&. rather than the dis2rete 2omponents listed above9 The resultin0 system may be up0raded more 1reely. but i1 the motherboard is repla2ed or the '%O& is up0raded. the owner will have to rea2tivate windows as des2ribed above9 The other e>2eption is the version o1 Windows XP sold with a volume li2ense. usually to lar0e businesses. whi2h doesn't in2lude the produ2t a2tivation 1eature at all9

See '(so
I ully 6i2ensed WP" PaperI at http:??www9li2enturion92om?>p?

Acti!e Connections +tilit$

\windows\system54\netstat)e"e

Displays proto2ol statisti2s and 2urrent T3P?%P networ5 2onne2tions9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

netstat

Usage
netstat 01a2 01e2 01n2 01o2 01p

proto2 01r2 01s2 0interval2

8escription
Type netstat by itsel1 to list the a2tive in2omin0 and out0oin0 networ5 2onne2tions9 This 2an be use1ul. 1or e>ample. to determine e>a2tly what is bein0 transmitted or re2eived a2ross the networ5 at any 0iven time9 The "2tive 3onne2tions :tility a22epts these options: (a Display all 2onne2tions and open ports @see NotesA9 (e Display !thernet statisti2sN it 2an be 2ombined with -s. (n Display addresses and ports in a numeri2al 1ormat @e909. "87."9:.;."/::A9 (o Display the pro2ess that owns ea2h listed 2onne2tion9 (p proto &how the 2onne2tions 2orrespondin0 to the proto2olN the proto2ol 2an be I<. I<v9. IC0<. IC0<v9. +C<. +C<v9. =D<. or =D<v99 (r Display the routin0 table @see Route. later in this 2hapterA9 (s Display statisti2s 1or ea2h proto2ol9 'y de1ault. statisti2s are shown 1or all proto2ols. but this display 2an be 1iltered with the -p option9 interval Repeatedly run netstat. pausin0 interval se2onds between ea2h display9 Press 3trl(3 to stop the display at any time9 %1 omitted. netstat will display the 2urrent statisti2s on2e and then ;uit9 %n1ormation is displayed in the 1ollowin0 2olumns: Proto The proto2ol M usually T3P 1or the T3P?%P proto2ol used on the %nternet and most lo2al networ5s Focal Address The name o1 the lo2al ma2hine. 1ollowed by a 2olon. and then the pro2ess %D o1 the appli2ation that has initiated the 2onne2tion ?oreign Address The name or %P address o1 the remote ma2hine. 1ollowed by a 2olon. and then the port number State &hows whether the 2onne2tion is established or bro5en

Notes
8ou must have an open 2ommand prompt window to use netsatN otherwise. the window 2loses be1ore you 2an read the pro0ram's output9

The the -a parameter is espe2ially use1ul. as it lists all 2urrently open ports9 Open ports 2an sometimes 2ompromise se2urity. so it's best to 5now about any ba25 doors9 &ee 3hapter < 1or more in1ormation9 Type netstat /? at the 2ommand prompt 1or a des2ription o1 the 2ommand(line options9

See '(so
Open iles

Add ,ardware )i*ard

\windows\system\hdwwiA)cpl

Dete2t non(plu0(and(play devi2es and install the appropriate drivers9

To Open
3ontrol Panel "dd 7ardware 3ommand Prompt hdwwi5.cpl

8escription
When you turn on your 2omputer. Windows automati2ally s2ans 1or any newly added plu0(and(play @PnPA devi2es and installs drivers 1or any that are 1ound9 %1 you're tryin0 to install a devi2e that isn't dete2ted automati2ally. you'll need to run the "dd 7ardware Wi4ard @see i0ure ,()A9 When you start the "dd 7ardware Wi4ard and 2li25 Ne>t. it 0oes throu0h the 1ollowin0 steps: -9 The wi4ard s2ans your system 1or any newly atta2hed PnP devi2es9 %1 one or more devi2es are 1ound. the appropriate drivers are lo2ated and installed9 This pro2ess happens every time Windows is started9 9ig&re 7-=+ If "indo#s doesn-t detect o&r ne#( insta((ed hard#are a&tomatica(( 3 o&-(( need to &se the 'dd 5ard#are "izard

#9 %1 no new devi2es are 1ound in &tep -. you'll be as5ed i1 the devi2e has been 2onne2ted to the system yet9 %1 you 2hoose no. the wi4ard ;uits9 /9 The ne>t step. assumin0 you sele2ted yes in &tep #. displays a list o1 all o1 your e>istin0 devi2es9 %1 you sele2t one o1 the devi2es and 2li25 Ne>t. the wi4ard will ;uit9 %nstead. s2roll to the bottom o1 the list and sele2t I"dd a new hardware devi2eI and 2li25 Ne>t9 ,9 8our ne>t 2hoi2e is between havin0 Windows sear2h 1or and install your new hardware. or havin0 it present a list 1rom whi2h you 2an manually sele2t a driver9 3hoose the 1irst option. I&ear2h 1or and install999I i1 you don't already have a driver9 Otherwise. 2hoose the se2ond option. I%nstall the hardware999.I and 2li25 Ne>t9 )9 3hose the 2ate0ory o1 the devi2e. or Gust sele2t &how "ll Devi2es i1 you're 1eelin0 la4y. and 2li25 Ne>t9 +9 %1 you have the drivers 1or the devi2e. either on a 1loppy. a 3D. or on your hard dis5. 2li25 7ave Dis5 at this point9 Otherwise. 2hoose the manu1a2turer o1 the devi2e 1rom the list on the le1t and then the spe2i1i2 model number 1rom the list on the ri0ht9 %1 your devi2e doesn't show up here. then drivers 1or it aren't in2luded with Windows XP9 <9 The last steps involve 2opyin0 and installin0 the drivers. and then promptin0 you to restart @i1 appli2ableA9

Notes
When Windows dis2overs new hardware. either durin0 startup or when usin0 the "dd 7ardware Wi4ard. you'll usually be prompted to spe2i1y a driver9 The I%nstall &o1tware "utomati2allyI option is usually the best 2hoi2e. as it will attempt to use one o1 Window's built(in drivers9 %1 no 2ompatible driver 2an be 1ound. you'll be prompted to insert a dis5 or point to a 1older 2ontainin0 appropriate drivers. either shipped with the hardware produ2t or downloaded 1rom the manu1a2turer's web site. respe2tively9 When installin0 some drivers. Windows XP may 2omplain that the driver is not di0itally si0ned9 This 2on1usin0 and rather harsh messa0e simply in1orms you that the manu1a2turer o1 the driver you're installin0 hasn't added a di0ital si0nature to the driver so1tware. whi2h. in most 2ases. will pose no

problem9 Eust 2li25 3ontinue "nyway to pro2eed9 &ee &i0nature Beri1i2ation Tool. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on driver si0nin09 &ee 3ontrol Panel. later in this 2hapter. 1or in1ormation on 1indin0 "dd 7ardware when usin0 the 3ontrol Panel in 3ate0ory Biew9 &ome new devi2es. espe2ially printers and :&' peripherals. have spe2i1i2 installation pro2edures that must be 1ollowed9 or e>ample. you may need to install the in2luded so1tware 1irst. and then 2onne2t the devi2e9 When Windows dete2ts the devi2e. the drivers are already in pla2e and installation pro2eeds without a hit2h9 Ma5e sure you review the installation instru2tions be1ore you resort to the "dd 7ardware Wi4ard9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

Add or 'emo!e &rograms

\windows\system54\appwiA)cpl

:ninstall appli2ations and add or remove Windows XP 2omponents9

To Open
3ontrol Panel "dd or Remove Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt appwi5.cpl

8escription
The "dd or Remove Pro0rams window has three se2tions: Change or $emo.e Programs " list o1 all your installed appli2ations. or at least those appli2ations that were re0istered 1or uninstallation. is displayed here9 The "dd or Remove Pro0rams dialo0 doesn't a2tually per1orm any so1tware removalN rather. it laun2hes the uninstall utility that was re0istered when the appli2ation was ori0inally installed9 &ome uninstallers have the 2apability to sele2tively add or remove 2omponents o1 the appli2ation. while others simply delete all the 1iles that were 2opied durin0 installation9 &ele2t an appli2ation by 2li25in0 its name9 Note that this listin0 2an ta5e a little 0ettin0 used to. as the entries 2han0e si4e when they're sele2ted9 %1 the appli2ation has provided su2h in1ormation. you'll see the amount o1 dis5 spa2e 2onsumed by the installation. as well as how o1ten the pro0ram is used9 3li25 3han0e?Remove to laun2h the uninstaller 1or the sele2ted pro0ram9 :ninstaller pro0rams vary widely. but most will display a pro0ress indi2ator and e>plain what they're removin0. what they're not removin0. and whether or not you need to restart your 2omputer9 "lon0 the way. thou0h. you may be prompted to remove shared 1iles9 !a2h shared 1ile is re0istered with Windows. alon0 with a numeri2 2ounterN appli2ations that use the 1ile in2rease the 2ounter when they're installed and de2rease the 2ounter when they're removed9 When the 2ounter rea2hes 4ero. uninstallers assume the 1iles are no lon0er needed and prompts 1or

their removalN unless you spe2i1i2ally 5now that a 1ile should not be deleted 1or some reason. Gust answer yes @see i0ure ,(+A9 9ig&re 7->+ The 'dd or %emove Programs dia(og (ets o& &ninsta(( an app(ication on o&r comp&ter

Add New Programs There's not mu2h point to this se2tion9 The 1irst button simply loo5s 1or the 1ile. setup)e"e. in your 1loppy drive and 3D drive. and i1 1ound. laun2hes it9 The se2ond button laun2hes Windows :pdate @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA9 AddC$emo.e Windows Components The Windows 3omponents Wi4ard lets you add or remove any o1 the optional pro0rams that 2ome with Windows XP9 &ele2t a 2ate0ory and 2li25 Details to sele2tively install or remove any parti2ular 2omponent9 Note the Des2ription below the list 1or a one(line e>planation o1 the 2omponent. or re1er to the 2orrespondin0 se2tion in this 2hapter 1or more in1ormation9

Notes
8ou 2an remove entries 1rom the 3han0e or Remove Pro0rams list without a2tually uninstallin0 the 2orrespondin0 appli2ations usin0 Twea5:% @see "ppendi> DA9 "ppli2ations are re0istered in "dd or Remove Pro0rams with 5eys in the Re0istry 5ey.

%&E'()OC*)(0*C%I1E,SOF+2*RE,0icrosoft,2indows,Current3 ersion,=ninstall9 See '(so

3ontrol Panel

Address Book

\program files\outlook e"press\wa*)e"e

" database 2ontainin0 names. addresses. and other 2onta2t in1ormation. used by Outloo5 !>press and other Windows appli2ations

To Open
&tart Pro0rams "22essories "ddress 'oo5 &tart &ear2h or People Outloo5 !>press Tools menu "ddress 'oo5 3ommand Prompt wa

8escription
The main window in the "ddress 'oo5 is set up somewhat li5e !>plorer. with a hierar2hi2al view o1 1olders in the le1t pane and a list o1 addresses 2ontained in the 2urrently sele2ted 1older in the ri0ht pane. as shown in i0ure ,(<9 9ig&re 7-@+ The 'ddress Book (ets o& organize o&r contacts and is &sed primari( #ith O&t(ook and O&t(ook 6!press

To add a new entry to your address boo5. sele2t New 3onta2t 1rom the ile menu. or ri0ht(2li25 an empty area o1 the ri0ht pane. and sele2t New. and then New 3onta2t9 %n the window that appears. type all the relevant in1ormation about this 2onta2t in the spa2es provided9 %1 you're settin0 up an entry simply 1or emailin0. it's only ne2essary to enter the name and an email address9 @'e sure to 2li25 the "dd button a1ter you've typed the email address but be1ore you 2li25 OK9A

Notes
3onta2ts 2an be divided into 1olders. either to di11erentiate one user's 2onta2t list 1rom another's or to or0ani4e 2onta2ts into 2ate0ories9 %t's important to understand the distin2tion between 1olders and 0roups9 " 0roup is a sin0le address boo5 entry intended to 2ontain multiple email addresses9 or e>ample. i1 you 1re;uently 1ind yoursel1 sendin0 messa0es to the same 2olle2tion o1 people. 2reate a 0roup entry that lists all o1 those people9 &pe2i1yin0 that 0roup name as the sin0le re2ipient o1 a messa0e will send the messa0e to all members o1 the 0roup9 The "ddress 'oo5 is lin5ed to the appli2ations that use it in two di11erent ways9 irst. you 2an open the address boo5. sele2t a name. and then 2hoose the appropriate pro0ram 1rom the a2tion list @a22essible either throu0h the "2tion button on the Toolbar. or throu0h the Tools menuA9 &e2ond. when it 2omes time to enter a 2onta2t in your 2ommuni2ations pro0ram @su2h as the re2ipient in an email messa0eA. there's o1ten a button that allows you to easily sele2t an entry 1or the address boo59 Note that not all appli2ations that use addresses are desi0ned to wor5 with the "ddress 'oo5 appli2ationN naturally. you 2an simply 2opy and paste in1ormation as needed with any appli2ation9

8ou 2an also a22ess entries in your "ddress 'oo5 without openin0 the "ddress 'oo5 appli2ation9 &ele2t &ear2h and then I or PeopleI 1rom the &tart menu to loo5 up a name @see i0ure ,(=A9 urthermore. you 2an use any o1 several online dire2tories to obtain a new 2onta2t in1ormation9 To 2on1i0ure the list o1 online dire2tory servi2es. open "ddress 'oo5 and sele2t "22ounts 1rom the Tools menu9 These servi2es are typi2ally 1ree. sponsored by advertisin0. and based on in1ormation already made publi2ly available in phoneboo5s and other sour2es9 Priva2y advo2ates may wish to investi0ate their own in2lusion in these lists and ta5e appropriate a2tions. su2h as 2onta2tin0 these servi2es to have personal in1ormation removed9

9ig&re 7-A+ The 9ind Peop(e dia(og (ets o& search o&r 'ddress Book from the Start men&

Note that some viruses use your "ddress 'oo5 to dupli2ate themselves by sendin0 harm1ul atta2hments to everyone in your 2onta2t list via Outloo5 !>press9 "side 1rom not openin0 email atta2hments without 1irst s2annin0 them with antivirus so1tware. you 2an avoid this problem by usin0 a di11erent pro0ram 1or your email and 2onta2t list9

See '(so
Mi2roso1t NetMeetin0. Outloo5 !>press. Phone Dialer

Administrati!e (ools

&hort2uts 1or several important administrative utilities in Windows XP Pro1essional9 @The "dministrative Tools 1older is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
3ontrol Panel JPer1orman2e and Maintenan2eK 3ommand Prompt control admintools "dministrative Tools

8escription
The "dministrative Tools entry in 3ontrol Panel is nothin0 more than a standard &tart Menu 1older 1ull o1 short2uts to pro0rams listed elsewhere in this 2hapter9 The

1older is stored in \Documents and Settings\All -sers\Start #enu\Programs\Administrati.e ,ools. and the short2uts in2luded in this 1older. by de1ault. are: 3omponent &ervi2es 3omputer Mana0ement Data &our2es @OD'3A !vent Biewer 6o2al &e2urity Poli2y Per1orman2e &ervi2es

&in2e this is a standard 1older. you 2an remove any o1 these items or add any o1 your own short2uts as you see 1it9

Notes
6i5e other &tart menu 1olders. i1 the Administrati.e ,ools 1older is ever deleted or renamed @or i1 any o1 its 2ontents are deleted or modi1iedA. Windows will not re2reate it9 &ee Tas5bar and &tart Menu Properties. later in this 2hapter. 1or an option to show or hide this item in the &tart menu9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel. Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole

At

\windows\system54\at)e"e

&2hedules 2ommands and pro0rams to run on a 2omputer at a spe2i1ied time and date9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

at

Usage
at 0KK#omputer2 time 05intera#tive2 05every/date2 B#ommandB at 0KK#omputer2 0id2 05delete2 05yes2

8escription

"t is the 2ommand(line inter1a2e to the &2heduled Tas5s 1eature. dis2ussed later in this 2hapter9 Diven the somewhat tedious wi4ard inter1a2e used to 2reate new tas5s in the &2heduled Tas5s window. "t is a re1reshin0 and user(1riendly alternative9 To use "t. you 2an simply type somethin0 li5e: at **/*: 5intera#tive notepad whi2h would instru2t Windows XP to laun2h Notepad at --:-) "M today9 When you enter the 2ommand and press !nter. "t responds with somethin0 li5e: Added a new Nob with Nob $D O * and a 2orrespondin0 entry appears in the &2heduled Tas5s window9 The %D is used only to subse;uently delete tas5s with "t @usin0 the se2ond :sa0e. shown aboveA. li5e this: at * 5delete The 1ollowin0 options e>tend the use1ulness o1 "t: RR computer &pe2i1y the name o1 a remote 2omputer on the networ5 to add the new tas5 to that 2omputer's s2heduled tas5s list. rather than that o1 the lo2al 2omputer9 time The time o1 day to run the tas5. spe2i1ied in #,(hour @militaryA time9 Type 4/7; 1or ):#$ in the mornin0. ">/7; 1or ):#$ in the a1ternoon. "7/;; 1or noon. and ;/;; 1or midni0ht9 ?intera2tive %1 you omit the /interactive option. the tas5 will be run invisibly in the ba250round9 or e>ample. i1 you were to laun2h Notepad with the e>ample above without spe2i1yin0 /interactive. there would be no visible eviden2e that Notepad is runnin0. e>2ept 1or its listin0 in the pro2esses tab o1 the Tas5 Mana0er @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA9 8ou may want to run an appli2ation in the ba250round i1 you do not want to inter1ere with any 1ore0round appli2ations9 :se 2aution when startin0 ba250round pro2esses. however. sin2e won't be able to intera2t with them at all. other than 2losin0 them with Tas5 Mana0er9 ?every: date. ?ne>t: date 'y de1ault. "t 2reates one(time tas5s. e>e2uted only on the date when they were 2reatedN i1 you were to type the e>ample above at ,:$$ in the a1ternoon. 1or e>ample. the tas5 would never run9 To spe2i1y the day or a ran0e o1 days. use the /ever$ or /ne#t options9 or e>ample. to run Dis5 De1ra0menter at --:-) PM every Thursday. type: at ,F/*: 5every/thursday d%r".ms# To run Dis5 De1ra0menter at --:-) "M on the #-st day o1 every month. type: at **/*: 5every/,* d%r".ms# To spe2i1y multiple days. separate them with 2ommas9 To run &olitaire at /:,) in the a1ternoon @note the mandatory use o1 #,(hour timeA on both Tuesdays and Thursdays. type: at *:/=: 5intera#tive 5every/tuesday,thursday sol The /ne#t option wor5s similarly. althou0h /ever$ and /ne#t should not be used to0ether9 To run 3h5ds5 at +:// PM ne>t &aturday. type: at *+/FF 5neCt/saturday #h'ds' ?delete :se /delete to remove one or all tas5s9 &pe2i1y the tas5 %D @des2ribed earlier in this se2tionA to end that tas5. or omit the %D to delete all tas5s9 %1 you try to delete all tas5s. "t will as5 you to 2on1irmN use the optional /$es option to bypass the prompt9 Only tas5s ori0inally 2reated with "t 2an be deleted in this wayN all other tas5s will be le1t alone9 ?yes %n2lude /$es to bypass the prompt that appears when you try to delete all tas5s9

Notes
The &2hedule servi2e must be runnin0 to use "t9 To see i1 it is runnin0. open the &2heduled Tas5s window and sele2t the "dvan2ed menu9 %1 the 1irst menu item is I&top usin0 Tas5 &2heduler.I the servi2e is a2tiveN 2li25 the item to turn the servi2e o119 3onversely. 2li25 I&tart usin0 Tas5 &2hedulerI to turn the servi2e ba25 on9 To 2hoose the user a22ount under whi2h tas5s 2reated with the "t 2ommand are run. open the &2heduled Tas5s window and sele2t "t &ervi2e "22ount 1rom the "dvan2ed menu9 The &2heduled Tas5s 3onsole. dis2ussed later in this 2hapter. is intended to repla2e "t9 "lthou0h the &2heduled Tas5s 3onsole is a little more 1ull 1eatured. "t is mu2h easier to use9

See '(so
&2heduled Tas5s

Attrib

\windows\system54\attri*)e"e

3han0e or view the attributes o1 one or more 1iles or 1olders9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

attri

Usage
attrib 0XrZ1r2 0XaZ1a2 0XsZ1s2 0XhZ1h2 0%ilename2 05s 05d22

8escription
"ttrib allows you to 2han0e the 1ile and 1older attributes 1rom the 2ommand line M settin0s otherwise only available in a 1ile's or 1older's Properties window9 The attributes 2an be thou0ht o1 as swit2hes. independently turned on or o11 1or any 1ile or 0roup o1 1iles9 The individual attributes are as 1ollows: $ 1read0only3 Turn on the read(only attribute o1 a 1ile or 1older to prote2t it 1rom a22idental deletion or modi1i2ation9 %1 you attempt to delete a read(only 1ile. Windows will prompt you be1ore allowin0 you to delete it9 Di11erent appli2ations handle read(only 1iles in di11erent waysN usually you will not be allowed to save your 2han0es to the same 1ilename9 A 1archi.e3 The ar2hive attribute has no e11e2t on how 1ile is used. but it is automati2ally turned on when a 1ile is modi1ied or 2reated9 %t is used primarily by a ba25up so1tware to determine whi2h 1iles have 2han0ed sin2e a ba25up was last per1ormedN most ba25up pro0rams turn o11 the ar2hive attribute on ea2h 1ile that is ba25up9 S 1system3

iles with the system attribute are typi2ally used to boot the 2omputer9 There's little reason ever to modi1y a 1ile with the system attribute. or to ever turn on or o11 the system attribute 1or any 1ile9 %1 you turn o11 the system attribute o1 an important 1ile. it may stop the 1ile 1rom wor5in09 &ee Notes. below. to display or hide system 1iles9 B 1hidden3 To hide any 1ile or 1older 1rom plain view in !>plorer or on the Des5top. turn on its hidden attribute9 &ee Notes. below. to display or hide hidden 1iles9

6!amp(es
To hide a 1ile in !>plorer. ri0ht(2li25 on it. sele2t Properties. and turn on the hidden option9 To hide the same 1ile usin0 the 2ommand line. type: attrib Xh filename where filename is the 1ull path and 1ilename o1 the 1ile to 2han0e9 To spe2i1y multiple 1iles. in2lude a wild2ard. su2h as -.- @1or all 1ilesA or -.t#t @1or all 1iles with the )t"t 1ilename e>tensionA9 Note the use o1 the plus si0n @PA to turn on an attributeN use the minus si0n @(A to turn it o119 or e>ample. to turn o11 the hidden attribute and simultaneously turn on the ar2hive attribute. type: attrib 1h Xa filename To display the attributes o1 a 1ile or a 0roup o1 1iles in !>plorer. sele2t Details 1rom the Biew menu9 Then. sele2t 3hoose Details 1rom the Biew menu and turn on the "ttributes option9 To display the attributes o1 a 1ile or a 0roup o1 1iles on the 2ommand line. type: attrib filename where filename is the 1ull path and 1ilename@sA o1 the 1iles you wish to view9 Omit filename to display the attributes o1 all the 1iles in the 2urrent 1older9 %1 filename is not used. or i1 it 2ontains wild2ards @in other words. i1 the 2ommand is intended to a2t on more than one 1ileA. you 2an use the /s option to 1urther in2lude the 2ontents o1 all sub1olders o1 the 2urrent 1older9 The /d option instru2ts "ttrib to a2t upon 1olders as well as 1iles. but only has meanin0 i1 it is used in 2onGun2tion with the /s parameter9

Notes
'y de1ault. 1iles with the system or hidden attributes are not shown in !>plorer9 To display system and hidden 1iles. 0o to !>plorer older Options Biew and sele2t I&how hidden 1iles and 1olders9I %1 hidden and system 1iles are shown. they will appear with 1aded i2ons9 "ttrib allows you to 2han0e the system attribute. somethin0 you 2an't do by ri0ht(2li25in0 and sele2tin0 Properties9 "ttrib does not. however. let you 2han0e the "dvan2ed attributes. su2h as those 2on2erned with inde>in0. 2ompression. or en2ryption9 Note that the I ile is ready 1or ar2hivin0I option in the "dvan2ed "ttribute window @ri0ht(2li25 Properties "dvan2edA is the same as the "r2hive attribute Gust dis2ussed @see i0ure ,(*A9

9ig&re 7-.+ These advanced attri:&tes are on( avai(a:(e from a fi(e-s Properties sheets in "indo#s 6!p(orer

See '(so
'a25up

Backup

\windows\system54\nt*ackup)e"e

'a25up @2opyA 1iles 1rom yourhard drive to a tape drive. se2ond hard drive. or other removable stora0e devi2e 1or the purpose o1 sa1e0uardin0 or ar2hivin0 your data9 @'a25up is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories &ystem Tools 'a25up

nt ac?up

8escription
Mi2roso1t 'a25up wor5s by 2reatin0 a ba25up set M a 2olle2tion o1 sele2ted 1iles to be ba25ed up to a removable stora0e devi2e9 This ba25up set. alon0 with all the sele2ted options available in 'a25up @e909. data 2ompression. password prote2tion. error report listin0. et29A are 5nown 2olle2tively as a ba25up IGob9I To be0in 2reatin0 a ba25up Gob. 2hoose the 'a25up tab and use the 1amiliar !>plorer(li5e two(pane view to navi0ate throu0h your 1olders9 3li25 on the 2he25bo> ne>t to a 1ile to sele2t it 1or ba25upN 2li25 the 2he25bo> ne>t to a 1older to sele2t it and all o1 its 2ontents 1or ba25up @see i0ure ,(-$A9 " blue 2he25mar5 appears ne>t to ea2h 1older or 1ile to be ba25ed upN a 0ray 2he25mar5 appears ne>t to ea2h 1older name with only some o1 its 2ontents sele2ted9 9ig&re 7-*1+ Choose the drives3 fo(ders3 and fi(es o& #ish to :ack &p : p(acing checkmarks ne!t to them in the Back&p Uti(it

When you're done sele2tin0 1iles. 2hoose Eob &ave &ele2tions to save your sele2tions into a )*ks 1ile9 Ne>t. 2hoose a 'a25up destination 1rom the list below the 1older tree9 %1 you have more than one ba25up devi2e. 2hoose the desired drive here9 %1 you have no dedi2ated ba25up hardware. the only option will be I ile.I whi2h is used to ba25 up to your hard dis59 %1 you 2hoose ile. the I'a25up media or 1ilenameI 1ield is used to spe2i1y the name o1 the sin0le 1ile in whi2h to store the ba25ed up data @usually a )*kf 1ileA9 inally. sele2t Options 1rom the Tools menu. and then 2hoose the 'a25up Type tab to 2hoose how 1iles are ba25ed up9 The di11erent ba25up types are as 1ollows: Normal 'a25s up all the sele2ted 1iles9 The ar2hive attribute @see "ttrib. earlier in this 2hapterA is automati2ally turned o11 1or ea2h 1ile that is ba25ed up9 Copy The same as normal. above. e>2ept that the ar2hive attribute is le1t alone9 Differential 'a25s up only the 1iles with a 6ast Modi1ied date that is more re2ent than the last ba25up per1ormed with the 'a25up appli2ation9 This ba25up type a11ords a ;ui25er ba25up. but sin2e it relies on previous ba25ups. it may not be the best 2hoi2e when ba25in0 up important data9 Incremental 'a25s up only those 1iles with the ar2hive attribute turned on9 This option really only ma5es sense when used a1ter a INormalI ba25up. des2ribed above. as it relies heavily on the ar2hive attribute9 6i5e the di11erential ba25up. it is ;ui25er than the Normal ba25up. but sin2e it relies on previous ba25ups. it may not be the best 2hoi2e when ba25in0 up important data9 Daily 'a25s up only those 1iles with a 6ast Modi1ied date the same as today's date9 This option is use1ul only i1 you run ba25up every sin0le day. or are only 2on2erned with ba25in0 up 1iles modi1ied in the last 1ew hours9 Note that the )*ks 1ile only saves the 1ile sele2tionsN the other options are saved as de1aults in the 'a25up pro0ram and must be 2han0ed manually every time i1 you need di11erent options 1or di11erent ba25up Gobs9 When you're ready. 2li25 the &tart 'a25up button to be0in the ba25up pro2ess9 %1 you've turned on the I3ompute sele2tion in1ormationI option @Tools Options Deneral tabA. 'a25up will 2ount up the si4es o1 all the sele2ted 1iles so that it 2an provide an a22urate estimate o1 the time to 2ompletion9 %1 you've 2hosen to IBeri1y

data a1ter the ba25up 2ompletes.I 'a25up will 2ompare the ba25ed(up 1iles a0ainst the ori0inals on your hard dis5N this will double the time ta5en 1or the ba25up Gob. but you'll be more 2ertain that the ba25up 2ontains a valid. 2omplete 2opy o1 your data 3hoose the Restore tab to restore some or all o1 the 1iles you've previously ba25ed up9 'a25up 5eeps a 2atalo0 o1 all ba25ed(up 1iles. so you don't have to wait 1or 'a25up to read your tape or other media be1ore you see a list o1 1iles you 2an restore9 The 2atalo0s are displayed in the le1t pane o1 the Restore window. arran0ed 1irst by ba25up media. then by ba25up Gob. then by ori0inal lo2ation @see i0ure ,( --A9 or e>ample. i1 you've ba25ed up a 1older 2alled #y Stuff to a tape last Monday. you would open the tape drive bran2h and then open the bran2h dated last Monday9 8ou would see the 1amiliar 1older hierar2hy with the ba25ed up 1iles and 1olders9 &imply pla2e a 2he25mar5 ne>t to those 1iles and 1olders you wish to restore @li5e when you ba25ed up ori0inallyA and 2li25 &tart Restore when you're ready @see i0ure ,(-#A9 9ig&re 7-**+ Once fi(es have :een :acked &p3 the are (isted in the %estore and 0anage 0edia ta: for eas retrieva(

9ig&re 7-*,+ P(ace checkmarks ne!t to the items o& #ish to restore &sing an interface ver simi(ar to 6!p(orer

Notes
iles with the )*ks e>tension are not asso2iated with the 'a25up appli2ation by de1ault9 This means that you 2annot double(2li25 a )*ks 1ile to start the ba25up without 1irst 2on1i0urin0 your ile Types9 Do to !>plorer Tools older Options ile Types tab9 3li25 New. type @&S. and 2li25 OK9 Then 2li25 "dvan2ed and type @ac?up Set 1or the name o1 the 1ile type9 3li25 New. type 'a25up in the "2tion 1ield. and type somethin0 li5e: ntba#'up.eCe ba#'up B(S*B 5% B#/Kmyba#'up.b'%B whi2h will open 'a25up and be0in ba25in0 up the 1iles spe2i1ied in the )*ks 1ile @represented here by A"A9 %n this e>ample. the tar0et is a ba25up 1ile @c+\my*ackup)*kfA9 Type nt ac?up /? at the 2ommand prompt to see a list o1 the available 2ommand line parameters and some e>amples o1 how they're used so you 2an 1orm a 2ommand line appropriate to your needs and hardware9 %n addition to the drives shown in the 1older tree. you'll see an additional item 2alled I&ystem &tate9I Pla2e a 2he25mar5 ne>t to the &ystem &tate entry to ba25 up the Re0istry. 'oot 1iles. spe2ial &ystem 1iles that are under Windows ile Prote2tion. and several other databases9 "lthou0h you 2ould ba25 up the Re0istry by ba25in0 up the hives @see 3hapter <A. 1or e>ample. ba25in0 up the &ystem &tate is a more 0ra2e1ul solution. espe2ially sin2e it ma5es restoration mu2h easier9 %1 you're ba25in0 up the drive on whi2h Windows is installed. you should also ba25 up the &ystem &tate9 Do to Tools Options Restore to 2hoose whether the restored 1ile will overwrite an e>istin0 1ile. overwrite an e>istin0 1ile only i1 it's older than the ba25ed up 1ile. or prompt you be1ore overwritin09 Tools Options !>2lude iles lets you e>2lude spe2i1i2 1iles or 0roups o1 1iles 1rom the ba25up9 'y de1ault. 'a25up is set to e>2lude nearly twenty di11erent 1iles or 1ile types. su2h as the swap 1ile @pagefile)sysA and the 1ile responsible 1or the %nternet !>plorer 2a2he @inde")datA9 The Wi4ards available under the Wel2ome tab provide step(by(step wal5throu0hs o1 the ba25up and restore pro2esses. but don't o11er any spe2ial options or 1eatures9 The "utomated &ystem Re2overy Wi4ard helps 2reate a spe2ial boot dis5. allowin0 you to more easily restore your system i1 there's a dis5 2rash or some other serious problem that re;uires the drive to be re1ormatted9 'e1ore you be2ome 2ompla2ent about your ba25ups. ma5e sure you've wor5ed throu0h the steps re;uired to restore all the data you've 0one to so mu2h trouble to ba25 up9 There are wi4ards 1or per1ormin0 a ba25up and restore: Tools Wi4ard and Tools Restore Wi4ard. respe2tively9 'a25up

Boot Con#iguration Manager

\windows\system54\*ootcfg)e"e

3on1i0ure and view entries in the *oot)ini 1ile. used by the Windows XP 'oot Mana0er9@'oot 3on1i0uration Mana0er is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
3ommand Prompt

ootcfB

Usage
boot#%" 5command 0parameters2

8escription
The Windows XP 'oot Mana0er. responsible 1or supportin0 multiple operatin0 systems on the same system. is installed when Windows XP is installed9 %1 there is more than one boot entry. a menu appears be1ore Windows is loaded. allowin0 the user to 2hoose an operatin0 system to load9 The entries in the menu are 2on1i0ured in a 1ile 2alled *oot)ini. lo2ated in the root dire2tory o1 your boot drive9 %oot)ini is a plain te>t 1ile and 2an be edited with Notepad9 7owever. the synta> 2an be 2omple>. so the 'oot 3on1i0uration Mana0er 2an be used to add. remove. or 2on1i0ure entries and options9 :n1ortunately. the 'oot 3on1i0uration Mana0er doesn't have an inter1a2e to spea5 o19 Rather. 2ommands are issued by typin0 them at the 2ommand prompt. li5e this: boot#%" 5&uery There are eleven primary 2ommands. ea2h with its own set o1 parameters9 To list all the available 2ommands. type: boot#%" 58 To see the usa0e o1 any parti2ular 2ommand. type the 2ommand 1ollowed by /?. li5e this: boot#%" 5&uery 58

Notes
"mon0 the 2ommands available to the 'oot 3on1i0uration Mana0er. the most interestin0 are the /cop$. /delete. and /Cuer$ 2ommands. used to add. remove. and view the entries in *oot)ini. respe2tively9 The /Cuer$ 2ommand is the de1aultN i1 you simply type ootcfB with no 2ommand. it's the same as typin0 boot210?;uery9 %oot)ini is a hidden 1ileN see "ttrib. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or details on hidden 1iles9 &ome o1 the aspe2ts o1 the boot menu @e909. settin0s in the *oot)ini 1ileA 2an also be set by 0oin0 to the 3ontrol Panel JPer1orman2e and Maintenan2eK &ystem "dvan2ed tab. and 2li25in0 &ettin0s in the &tartup and Re2overy se2tion9 The options in the &ystem &tartup se2tion allow you to 2hoose the de1ault operatin0 system and the timeout be1ore the de1ault is sele2ted9 @These settin0s dupli2ate the /default and /timeout 2ommands. respe2tively9A inally. 2li25 !dit to open the *oot)ini 1ile in Notepad9

The obvious advanta0e o1 this utility is the ability to modi1y the boot menu with a bat2h 1ile or W&7 s2ript9 The 'OOT9%N% tab o1 the &ystem 3on1i0uration :tility. dis2ussed later in this 2hapter. also provides a22ess to several boot pre1eren2es not otherwise available9

See '(so
Windows #e Annoyances by David "9 Karp @O'ReillyA. 3hapter /. 1or a dis2ussion o1 )ini 1ilesN 3ontrol Panel. &ystem 3on1i0uration :tility

Cabinet -CAB. Maker

\windows\system54\makeca*)e"eI diantA)e"e

3abinet 1ile @)ca*A 2ompression utility

To Open
3ommand Prompt

ma?eca

Usage
ma'e#ab 05v0n22 05d varOvalue2 05l dir2 sour#e 0destination2 ma'e#ab 05v0n22 05d varOvalue2 5% dire#tiveI%ile

8escription
" 2abinet 1ile is a 2ompressed ar2hive 2ommonly used to pa25a0e appli2ation installation 1iles9 3abinets are similar to )Aip 1iles. althou0h there are added 1eatures su2h as a rudimentary s2ript system intended to install and re0ister appli2ation 2omponents9 There are two ways to use the 3abinet Ma5er9 irst. you 2an 2ompress one or more 1iles dire2tly. li5e this: ma'e#ab KwindowsK"reenstone.bmp "reenstone.#ab whi2h 2ompresses the 1ile. greenstone)*mp. into the greenstone)ca* ar2hive9 The new 2abinet 1ile. greenstone)ca*. is 2reated automati2ally in the 2urrent dire2toryN i1 it already e>ists. it is repla2ed with the new ar2hive9 :n1ortunately.wild2ards @S9SA aren't allowed in the sour2e. so you 2an only spe2i1y one 1ile at a time9 This is where the se2ond usa0e o1 the 3abinet Ma5er 2omes in: instead o1 spe2i1yin0 options and 1iles dire2tly. a sin0le plain te>t 1ile. 2alled a dire2tive 1ile @)ddfA is used9 The simplest dire2tive 1ile lists all the 1iles to in2lude9 " line be0innin0 with a semi2olon is treated as a 2omment9 "ssumin0 the lines: YGCample dire#tive %ile #/KwindowsK"reenstone.bmp #/KwindowsKrhododendron.bmp are saved into a 1ile 2alled test)ddf. the Ma5e2ab 2ommand would then loo5 li5e this: ma'e#ab 5% test.dd%

Multiple dire2tive 1iles 2an be spe2i1ied in the same 2ommand. listed one a1ter another9

Notes
Diamond 3abinet 'uilder @DiantA)e"eA is identi2al to makeca*)e"eN it's in2luded only 1or le0a2y support9 There are two ways to open 3abinet 1iles and e>tra2t their 2ontents9 The easiest way is to double(2li25 on any )ca* 1ile in !>plorer to display a 1older view o1 the 2ontents9 8ou 2an then dra0 1iles out o1 the )ca* 1ile @items 2annot be added here. howeverA9 The other way is to use the ile !>pansion :tility @e"pand)e"eA9 WinFip @http:??www9win4ip92omA 2an also be used to open )ca* 1iles. but it's not 2ompatible with all variants o1 the )ca* 1ormat. and thus won't open every )ca* 1ile you en2ounter9 More 2ompli2ated dire2tive 1iles. in2ludin0 the use o1 )inf installation routines. are possible with the 3abinet Ma5er9 &ee http:??msdn9mi2roso1t92om? 1or details. in2ludin0 the use o1 the /v and parameters9

/d

See '(so
ile !>pansion :tility. %!>press

Calculator

\windows\system54\calc)e"e

Numeri2al s2ienti1i2 and nons2ienti1i2 2al2ulator9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories 3al2ulator

calc

8escription
'y de1ault. the 3al2ulator starts in &tandard mode. 2ontainin0 only the numeri2 5eypad and some basi2 1un2tions @add. subtra2t. invert. s;uare root. et29A9 &ele2t &2ienti1i2 1rom the Biew menu to use the 2al2ulator in &2ienti1i2 mode. use1ul 1or more advan2ed 1un2tions. su2h as lo0arithmi2. lo0i2al. tri0onomi2. and base 1un2tions @see i0ure ,(-/A9 !a2h time you subse;uently open the 2al2ulator. it will appear in the previously used mode9 9ig&re 7-*2+ The scientific vie# of the Ca(c&(ator provides access to man more f&nctions than the standard vie#

6ntering data and performing ca(c&(ations

Data 2an be entered by 2li25in0 the buttons or by pressin0 5eys on the 5eyboard9 "ll 5eys have 5eyboard e;uivalentsN 5ey mappin0s that are not ;uite obvious @su2h as lo0A are do2umented in Table ,(#9 Note that many o1 the 1un2tions below are only available in &2ienti1i2 mode9 Table $-(. Calculations and ke!board e)ui*alents Calc button +e!board ke! ,ction 3lear all 2al2ulations 3learthe last entry 3lear the last di0it Display the number stored in memory &tore the 2urrent value in memory "dd the 2urrent value to the number stored in memory 3lear the memory 3han0e the si0n @ne0ativeA

C CE @ac? 0R 0S 0D 0C
P?(

Esc Del @ac?space Ctrl-R Ctrl-0 Ctrl-< Ctrl-) *

When in 7e> mode. he>ade2imal values "( 2an be entered 1rom the 5eyboard or by usin0 the "( buttons on the 2al2ulator9 Number systems and 5eyboard e;uivalents 2an be seen in Table ,(/9 Table ,(, and Table ,() show binary mode 5eyboard e;uivalents and bitwise @lo0i2A 1un2tions and 5eyboard e;uivalents. respe2tively9 Table $--. .umber s!stems and ke!board e)ui*alents Calc /utton +e!board ke! F4 F9 F> F: ,ction 7e>ade2imal @base -+A De2imal @base -$A O2tal @base =A 'inary @base #A

%e# Dec Oct @in

Table $-$. /inar! mode ke!board e)ui*alents Calc button +e!board ke! ,ction

Eword

-# F7 F6 FF

+,(bit value /#(bit value -+(bit value @low order bitA =(bit value @low order bitA

Dword 2ord @$te

Table $-0. /itwise 1lo2ic3 functions and ke!board e)ui*alents Calc /utton +e!board ke! A G H J K ! N Modulus 'itwise "ND 'itwise OR 'itwise e>2lusive OR 6e1t shi1t @ri0ht shi1t via 'itwise inverse %nte0er @remove the de2imal portionA ,ction

0od *nd Or Ior )sh 1ot

%nt

Inv P )sh or LA

When in De2imal mode. the DeB. Rad. and Mrad radio buttons swit2h between de0rees. radians. and 0radients @see Table ,(+A9 Table $-4. Decimal mode ke!board e)ui*alents Calc button De0 Rad Drad +e!board ke! F7 F6 FF ,ction 3al2ulate tri0onomi2 1un2tions in de0rees 3al2ulate tri0onomi2 1un2tions in radians 3al2ulate tri0onomi2 1un2tions in 0rads

Statistica( f&nctions
To per1orm a statisti2al 2al2ulation. start by enterin0 the 1irst data. then 2li25 Sta to open the &tatisti2s 'o>. 2li25 Dat to display the data in the &tatisti2s 'o>. and then 2ontinue enterin0 the data. 2li25in0 Dat a1ter ea2h entry9 When you've 1inished enterin0 all the numbers. 2li25 the statisti2al button you want to use @*ve. Sum. or SA9 The buttons available in the &tatisti2s 'o> are listed in Table ,(<9 Table $-5. 6tatistics /o& buttons Calc button RE+ )O*D CD C*D ,ction Returns the 1o2us to the 2al2ulator Displays the sele2ted number in the &tatisti2s 'o> in the 3al2ulator display area 3lears the sele2ted number @dataA 3lears all numbers @dataA in the &tatisti2s 'o>

Scientific ca(c&(ation
&2ienti1i2 2al2ulations buttons and 5eyboard e;uivalents are shown in Table ,(=9

Table $-7. 6cientific calculations buttons and ke!board e)ui*alents Calc +e!board button ke! ,ction &ets the inverse 1un2tion 1or loB. sum. and s9

Inv %$p F-E N O dms E#p )n sin #J$ )oB Cos #J6 nQ tan #J7 l/# <i

i h v

sin. cos. tan. <l. #$. ##. #/. )n. sin. cos. and tan9

&ets the hyperboli2 1un2tion 1or

Turns s2ienti1i2 notation on and o119 3an only be used with de2imal numbers9 Numbers lar0er than -$-) are always displayed with e>ponents9 &tarts and ends a new level o1 parentheses9 The ma>imum number o1 nested parentheses is #)9 The 2urrent number o1 levels appears in the bo> above the O button9 %1 the displayed number is in de0rees. 2onvert to de0ree(minute( se2ond 1ormat9 :se Inv D dms to reverse the operation9 The ne>t di0it@sA entered 2onstitute the e>ponent9 The e>ponent 2annot be lar0er than #=*9 De2imal only9 Natural @base eA lo0arithm9 Inv D )n 2al2ulates n th power. where n is the 2urrent number9 &ine o1 the displayed number9 Inv sin 0ives hyperboli2 sine9 Inv D hyperboli2 sine9

N O

m # n

e raised to the

s $ l

D sin 0ives ar2 sine9 %$p D %$p D sin 0ives ar2

o P Q t

$th power9 Inv D #J$ 2al2ulates the $ th root o1 #9 The 2ommon @base -$A lo0arithm9 Inv D loB yields -$ to the # th power. where # is the displayed number9 3osine o1 the displayed number9 Inv D cosin 0ives ar2 2osine9 %$p D cosin 0ives hyperboli2 2osine9 Inv D %$p D cosin
# to the
0ives ar2 hyperboli2 2osine9 3ubes the displayed number9

Inv D #J6 0ives the 2ube root9 Inv D tan 0ives ar2 tan9 %$p D %$p D tan 0ives ar2

a2torial o1 the displayed number9 Tan0ent o1 the displayed number9 D tan 0ives hyperboli2 tan9 Inv hyperboli2 tan9 &;uares the displayed number9 root9 The value o1 pi @/9-,-)999A9

R r p

Inv D #J7 0ives the s;uare

Re2ipro2al o1 displayed number9

Inv D <i 0ives # > pi9

Notes
%1 you 2onvert a 1ra2tional de2imal number to another number system. only the inte0er part will be used9 Those serious about 2al2ulators will probably noti2e that there is no Reverse Polish Notation @RPNA mode9 ortunately. there are literally do4ens o1 1reely available alternatives on the Web @try the "epryus 3al2ulator 1rom http:??www9aepryus92om? or the Tri0P P3 3al2ulator 1rom http:??www9web(

ee92om?A9 "lso see IPowertoy 3al2.I part o1 Mi2roso1t's Power Toys pa25a0e des2ribed in "ppendi> D9

Character Map

\windows\system54\charmap)e"e

Display all the 2hara2ters and symbols in a parti2ular 1ont9 This provides a22ess to symbols not easily a22essible with the 5eyboard

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories &ystem Tools 3hara2ter Map

charmap

8escription
3hara2ter Map displays a visual map o1 all the 2hara2ters in any 1ont. ma5in0 it easy to paste them into other do2uments @see i0ure ,(-,A9 9ig&re 7-*7+ Use Character 0ap to access the s m:o(s o& can-t norma(( t pe from the ke :oard

To use 3hara2ter Map: -9 &ele2t a 1ont 1rom the ont drop(down list9 %1 you're insertin0 a 2hara2ter into an e>istin0 do2ument. you should sele2t the same 1ont that is used in the do2ument9

#9

ind the 2hara2ter you wish to useN 2li25 on2e on any 2ell to ma0ni1y its 2hara2ter9 %1 you 2an't 1ind the desired 2hara2ter. remember to s2roll down9 %1 the sele2ted 1ont doesn't have the 2hara2ter you want. try another 1ont9

/9 Double(2li25 the 2hara2ter you want @or 2li25 on2e and then 2li25 the &ele2t buttonA to pla2e the 2hara2ter in the I3hara2ters to 2opyI bo>9 8ou 2an pla2e as many su22essive 2hara2ters as you want in this bo>9 ,9 3li25 3opy to 2opy the 2hara2ter@sA to the Windows 2lipboard9

:. &wit2h to your other appli2ation. 2li25 where you want the 2hara2ter@sA to
appear. and paste @usin0 either the !dit menu or Ctrl-3A9 +9 %1 the 1ont in the tar0et appli2ation isn't the same as the one you've sele2ted in 3hara2ter Map. you'll need to hi0hli0ht the newly inserted 2hara2ter@sA. and then 2han0e them to the same 1ont you used in 3hara2ter Map9 %1 the 2hara2ter in your do2ument doesn't loo5 as it did in 3hara2ter Map. it's be2ause the wron0 1ont is bein0 used9

Notes
!11e2tive use o1 3hara2ter Map relies on 2orre2t 1ont sele2tion. espe2ially when you're pastin0 2hara2ters into appli2ations that don't support multiple 1onts9 or e>ample. the de1ault 1ont used in Notepad is 6u2ida 3onsole @2han0ed by 0oin0 to Notepad ormat ontA. and the de1ault 1ont used in most te>t bo>es is Tahoma @2han0ed by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK DisplayA9 3hara2ter Map is help1ul not only 1or sele2tin0 e>tended 2hara2ters in standard 1onts. but also 1or a22essin0 din0bats. su2h as those 1ound in the Webdin0s. Win0din0s. &ymbol. and Marlett 1onts9 3hara2ter Map is use1ul 1or 1indin0 out what 5ey 2ombination will produ2e a nonstandard 2hara2ter in any 0iven 1ont9 This 2an eliminate the need to repeatedly 0o ba25 to 3hara2ter Map to retrieve the same 2hara2ter9 &ele2t a 2hara2ter in any 2ell and see the 2orrespondin0 2hara2ter 2ode in the status bar9 or e>ample. the 8in(8an0 symbol in Win0din0s is 2hara2ter 2ode ;#4@9 Now. this is a he>ide2imal 2ode. so you'll need to use 3al2ulator to 2onvert it to a de2imal number9 %n 3al2ulator's s2ienti1i2 mode. 2li25 7e>. type the 2ode @not in2ludin0 the $> pre1i> ( 4@ in this 2aseA. and then 2li25 De2 to view the de2imal e;uivalent @8" in this 2aseA9 To then insert the 2hara2ter into an appli2ation usin0 the 5eyboard. hold the "lt 5ey. and type the 2ode usin0 the numeri2 5eypad @the numbers above the letters won't wor5A9 %n the 2ase o1 the 8in(8an0. type *lt-8"9 "ppendi> ! lists some o1 the most use1ul 2hara2ter 2odes9

See '(so
onts older. 3al2ulator. Private 3hara2ter !ditor

Chat

&ee Mi2roso1t 3hat9

Chkdsk

\windows\system54\chkdsk)e"e

3he25 the dis5 1or errors and 1i> any that are 1ound @repla2es&2andis5A9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

ch?ds?

Usage
#h'ds' 0drive0%ilename22 05%2 05r2 05C2 05i2 05#2 05v2

8escription
3h5ds5 s2ans thedis5 sur1a2e. 2he25s the inte0rity o1 1iles and 1olders. and loo5s 1or lost 2lusters @amon0 other thin0sA. 2orre2tin0 any problems that are 1ound and sometimes even 1reein0 dis5 spa2e 2onsumed by unusable 1ra0ments o1 data9 %1 you run 3h5ds5 with no 2ommand(line parameters. it will 2he25 the 2urrent drive 1or errors9 Or. spe2i1y a drive letter to 2he25 a spe2i1i2 drive. li5e this: #h'ds' e/ 7owever. 3h5ds5 run this way will only report problems M it won't 2orre2t them9 The report you'll 0et loo5s somethin0 li5e this: The type o% the %ile system is NT<;. Polume label is .ard Dis'. WA N$NAW < parameter not spe#i%ied. unnin" 9.KD;K in read1only mode. 9.KD;K is veri%yin" %iles 6sta"e * o% F7... <ile veri%i#ation #ompleted. 9.KD;K is veri%yin" indeCes 6sta"e , o% F7... $ndeC veri%i#ation #ompleted. 9.KD;K is veri%yin" se#urity des#riptors 6sta"e F o% F7... ;e#urity des#riptor veri%i#ation #ompleted. 9orre#tin" errors in the Polume Litmap. Windows %ound problems with the %ile system. un 9.KD;K with the 5< 6%iC7 option to #orre#t these. ,EF-,:,+ KL total dis' spa#e. ,EE@*F? KL in *E=?@ %iles. :*F, KL in *F,- indeCes. - KL in bad se#tors. E=F?+ KL in use by the system. ?::F? KL o##upied by the lo" %ile. ,?,-:+E, KL available on dis'. =-E? bytes in ea#h allo#ation unit. @F,:?F, total allo#ation units on dis'. ?::*=@F allo#ation units available on dis'. The report starts with a warnin0 about the /f parameter @see belowA. 1ollowed by des2riptions o1 the sta0es o1 the s2an9 Note that an error has been 1ound. but a22ordin0 to the report. it wasn't 1i>ed9 Ne>t 2omes the summary o1 the total dis5 spa2e. used spa2e. and other statisti2s. whi2h are 1airly sel1(e>planatory9 To use 3h5ds5 e11e2tively. you'll need to use the 1ollowin0 optional parameters:

?1 i> any errors 1ound9 %1 /f is omitted. errors are merely reported and no 2han0es to the dis5 are made9 6o2ates bad se2tors and re2overs readable in1ormation9 :sin0 the /r parameter implies /f @see aboveA9 Thin5 o1 the /r parameter as a bee1ed( up version o1 /f9 Keep in mind that bad se2tors represent physi2al errors on the dis5 sur1a2e. and sa1e re2overy o1 the data residin0 in those areas is not 0uaranteed9 Only use the /r option i1 you have reason to believe you have one or more bad se2tors. either be2ause 3h5ds5 is reportin0 this problem or i1 you en2ounter another symptom. su2h as your 2omputer 2rashin0 or 1ree4in0 every time you attempt to a22ess a 2ertain 1ile9 ?> or2es the volume to dismount be1ore the s2an is per1ormed9 :sin0 the /# parameter implies /f @see aboveA9 This e11e2tively dis2onne2ts the drive 1rom !>plorer and all other pro0rams. 2losin0 any open 1iles stored on the drive. be1ore any 2han0es are made9 8ou may wish to use this option when 2he25in0 or repairin0 a shared drive used 1re;uently by the several users on a networ5N otherwise. a22ess to the drive mi0ht interrupt 3h5ds5. or even 2orrupt data 1urther9 ?i Per1orms a less vi0orous 2he25 o1 inde> entries9 The /i option 2an be used only on NT & dis5s. as inde> entries only e>ist on NT & volumes9 Typi2ally. you'll probably never need this option. althou0h you may 2hoose to use it to redu2e the amount o1 time re;uired to 2he25 the dis59 ?2 &5ips 2he25in0 o1 2y2les within the 1older stru2ture9 6i5e /i. the /c option 2an be used only on NT & dis5s9 6i5ewise. you'll probably never need this option either. althou0h you may 2hoose to use it to redu2e the amount o1 time re;uired to 2he25 the dis59 ?v :se o1 the /v parameter abandons 3h5ds5's primary purpose. and instead simply displays a list o1 every 1ile on the entire hard dis5 @in no parti2ular orderA9 Note that the /v parameter 2an be used only on a dis5 with a "T or "T/# 1ile systemN it has no meanin0 on an NT & dis59

?r

Notes
3h5ds5 2an also be used to 2he25 a sin0le 1ile or a spe2i1i2 0roup o1 1iles 1or 1ra0mentation @see Dis5 De1ra0menter. later in this 2hapterA. but only on "T or "T/# dis5s9 To do this. spe2i1y the 1ull path and 1ilename @or use wild2ards. su2h as -.-. to spe2i1y multiple 1ilesA instead o1 the drive letter on the 2ommand line9 %n Windows *>?Me. re0ular usa0e o1 &2andis5 was re2ommended. but that's not ne2essarily the 2ase with 3h5ds5 and Windows XP9 Whenever Windows isn't properly shutdown. or when Windows dete2ts a potential problem durin0 startup. 3h5ds5 is run automati2ally durin0 the boot pro2ess9 "dditionally. 0iven the added stability o1 Windows XP. you may not ever need to run 3h5ds5 manually unless you suspe2t a problem9 When 3h5ds5 is laun2hed durin0 Windows startup. it is pre2eded by a messa0e and a -$(se2ond delay. 0ivin0 you the option o1 s5ippin0 the s2an9 While 3h5ds5 is runnin0. either durin0 Windows startup or any other time. it 2an be 2orrupted by pressin0 3trl(39

Durin0 normal use o1 3h5ds5. you'll see re1eren2es to various terms des2ribin0 problems on your hard dis59 "mon0 the more popular players are lost 2lusters @pie2es o1 data no lon0er asso2iated with any 1ileA. bad se2tors @a2tual 1laws in the dis5 sur1a2eA. 2ross(lin5ed 1iles @two 1iles 2laimin0 ownership o1 the same 2hun5 o1 dataA. invalid 1ile dates and 1ilenames. and a 1ew other more se2ure errors9 The /v parameter is a 1unny option. espe2ially 2onsiderin0 it has very little to do. at least in terms o1 results. with the other 1un2tions o1 this pro0ram9 7owever. when used in 2onGun2tion with pipe operators @see "ppendi> 3A. this 1eature 2an 0enerate 1iltered reports o1 the 2ontents o1 a drive9 %1 you wish to s2hedule 3h5ds5 at re0ular intervals to help ensure a healthy dis5. you 2an 2on1i0ure the Tas5 &2heduler @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA to run 3h5ds5. say. every riday at /:/$9

See '(so
3h5nt1s

Chknt#s

\windows\system54\chkntfs)e"e

Display or 2han0e the 2he25in0 o1 a dis5 @usin0 3h5ds5A at Windows startup

To Open
3ommand Prompt

ch?ntfs

Usage
#h'nt%s 0drive Z 5d Z 5t/time Z 5C drive Z 5# drive2

8escription
3h5ds5. des2ribed earlier in this 2hapter. is run automati2ally durin0 Windows startup. either i1 the previous session was not ended 0ra2e1ully @the 2omputer was turned o11 without shuttin0 downA or i1 errors are dete2ted9 3h5nt1s is used to modi1y this behavior 1or one or all o1 your drives9 %1 you run 3h5nt1s with only a drive letter @e909. ch?ntfs c/A. you 0et a somewhat 2rypti2 report. li5e this: The type o% the %ile system is NT<;. 9/ is not dirty. The identi1i2ation o1 the 1ilesystem type on the 1irst line is 1airly sel1(evident9 The Inot dirtyI report implies that the drive was properly I2leaned upI the last time the system shut down9 %n other words. the system shut down properly9 %1 the system isn't shut down properly. any drives in use @drives 2ontainin0 one or more 1iles that were open when the 2omputer lost power. 1or e>ampleA are mar5ed Idirty.I and those drives are s2anned the ne>t time Windows starts9 To 2han0e this behavior. use one o1 the 1ollowin0 options9 Note that all options. in2ludin0 the spe2i1i2ation o1 the drive letter above. are e>2lusiveN only one 2an be used in any time9 Cd

?t:

:sed to 2han0e the 2ountdown be1ore this s2an is started. durin0 whi2h time the user 2an press the &pa2ebar to s5ip the s2an9 Time is simply any number. in se2onds: ch?ntfs /t/4 2on1i0ures Windows to wait 1ive se2onds be1ore runnin0 3h5ds59 ?> drive !>2ludes a parti2ular drive 1rom those 2he25ed at startup9 or e>ample. type ch?ntfs /# e/ to e>2lude drive !+ 1rom the auto(2he259 ?2 drive %n2ludes a parti2ular drive in those 2he25ed at startupN /c is the opposite o1 /#9 or e>ample. type ch?ntfs /c e/ to instru2t Windows to 2he25 drive !+ durin0 startup. and i1 1ound Idirty.I to run ch?ds? e/ /f9

time

Type ch?ntfs /d to restore the de1ault behavior o1 the entire ma2hineN all drives automati2ally 2he25 to boot time. and any drives 1ound to be IdirtyI are 2he25ed with 3h5ds59

See '(so
3h5ds5

Clipbook /iewer

\windows\system54\clip*rd)e"e

Biew the 2ontents o1 the 3lipboard. mana0e 2lipboard data. and share data with other users9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

clip rd

8escription
The 3lipboard is merely a pla2e in memoryN it's where data is stored when it is 2ut or 2opied 1rom most Windows appli2ations9 %t's not a dis2rete appli2ation and has no inter1a2e o1 its own to spea5 o19 7owever. the 3lipboo5 Biewer is provided as a IwindowI into the 2lipboard. so to spea5. as it allows you to view whatever has been pla2ed in the 3lipboard without disruptin0 or inter1erin0 with it any way9 urthermore. you 2an save data into spe2ial )clp 1iles. ma5in0 retrieval at a later time M without havin0 to open the ori0inal appli2ation M easy9 This e11e2tively a11ords us multiple 2lipboards9 When you 1irst start 3lipboo5 Biewer. it 2ontains a sin0le do2ument 2alled I3lipboard.I whi2h displays the 2urrent 2ontents o1 the 2lipboard at any time9 %n 1a2t. you 2an leave open and wat2h the 2ontents 2han0e as you 2opy and paste items 1rom various pro0rams9 or e>ample. i1 you 2ut or 2opy a 1ile in !>plorer. you'll see the 1ull path and 1ilename o1 the obGe2t listed in the 3lipboard do2ument window9 The same 0oes 1or plain te>t. ri2h te>t. ima0es. spreadsheet 2ells. or most other types o1 data9 "lthou0h 3lipboo5 Biewer won't be able to display all types o1 data a22urately. it does 2orre2tly preserve the 1ormat o1 the data. so you 2an sa1ely save and retrieve your 2lipboards without alterin0 the data9 To save the data in the 2lipboard. sele2t &ave 1rom the ile menu. type a 1ilename @with the )clp e>tensionA. and 2li25 OK9 Then. at a later time. open the 1ile usin0 the 3lipboo5 Biewer @or by double(2li25in0

the )clp 1ile in !>plorerA9 8ou'll be as5ed whether or not you wish to 2lear the 2ontents o1 the 2lipboardN i1 you answer yes. the 2ontents o1 the 2lipboard will be repla2ed with the data stored in the 1ile you've opened9 Otherwise. the operation is 2an2eled9 &harin0. a me2hanism by whi2h 2lipboard data 2an be trans1erred between 2omputers on a networ5. is not an automati2 pro2ess9 %nstead. you must manually paste data to be shared into the 6o2al 3lipboo5 window. a do2ument that should appear alon0side the 3lipboard do2ument window in the 3lipboo5 Biewer9 The se2urity menu allows you to set permissions 1or your shared data so that only authori4ed users 2an 0et a22ess to it9 To a22ess the data on another 2omputer's 6o2al 3lipboo5. sele2t 3onne2t 1rom the ile menu9

Notes
%1 the 6o2al 3lipboo5 window does not appear in the 3lipboo5 Biewer. the 3li25boo5 Biewer is unable to establish a 2onne2tion with another 2omputer on your networ59 Ma5e sure sharin0 is enabled and properly 2on1i0ured on all 2omputers involved9 Note that some appli2ations use an IinternalI 2lipboard. allowin0 in1ormation to be 2opied and pasted only within the appli2ation9 Data ori0inatin0 1rom these appli2ations will not show up in the 3li25'oo5 Biewer9

Command &rompt

\windows\system54\cmd)e"e

The Windows XP 2ommand line inter1a2e. 2ommonly 5nown as a DO& bo>9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories 3ommand Prompt

cmd

Usage
#md 05&205d2 05aZ5u2 05e/onZo%%205%/onZo%%205v/onZo%%2 5t/ fB 005s205#Z5'2 strinB2

8escription
The 3ommand Prompt @see i0ure ,(-)A is a simple appli2ation in whi2h you type 2ommands rather than pointin0 and 2li25in09 While the 3ommand Prompt is sparse and may be somewhat intimidatin0 to new users. it 2arries out several very important 1un2tions in Windows XP. in2ludin0 a22ess to otherwise ina22essible pro0rams and utilities and even some advan2ed 1ile mana0ement 1un2tions9 "ppendi> 3 1ully do2uments the 2ommand prompt. its 2ommands. and the related "ddress 'ar9 9ig&re 7-*=+ Use the 8I% command to vie# the contents of the c&rrent director in the Command Prompt

Cmd a22epts the 1ollowin0parameters: strinB When used with /c or /?. spe2i1ies a 2ommand to be 2arried out when the 2ommand prompt window is 1irst opened9 Multiple 2ommands 2an be spe2i1ied here i1 they're separated by GG. and strinB. as a whole. is surrounded by ;uotation mar5s9 StrinB must be the last parameter on the 2ommand line9 &ee 3hapter + 1or more in1ormation on the types o1 2ommands that 2an be typed at the 2ommand prompt9 ?2 3arries out the 2ommand spe2i1ied by strinB and then stops9 ?5 3arries out the 2ommand spe2i1ied by strinB and 2ontinues9 ?s &trips any ;uotation mar5s in strinB9 Type cmd /? 1or details9 ?; Turns the e2ho o11N see e2ho in 3hapter +9 ?d Disables e>e2ution o1 "utoRun 2ommands9 Without /d. any pro0rams or 2ommands listed in the Re0istry 5eys.

%&E'()OC*)(0*C%I1E,Software,0icrosoft,Command <rocessor,*utoRun and %&E'(C=RRE1+(=SER,Software,0icrosoft,Command <rocessor,*utoRun are e>e2uted every time a 2ommand prompt
window is opened9 ?a ?u ormats all 2ommand prompt output so that it is "meri2an National &tandards %nstitute @"N&%A(2ompliant9

ormats all 2ommand prompt output so that it is :ni2ode(2ompliant9 ?e:onTo11 !nables or disables 2ommand e>tensions @the de1ault is onA9 Turn o11 2ommand e>tensions to disable 2ertain advan2ed 1eatures o1 the 2ommands dis2ussed in 3hapter +9 ?1:onTo11 !nables or disables 1ile and dire2tory name 2ompletion @the de1ault is o11A9 Type cmd /? 1or details9 ?v:onTo11 !nables or disables delayed environment variable e>pansion @the de1ault is o11A9 Type cmd /? 1or details9 ?t: fB

&ets the 1ore0round and ba250round 2olors @f and B. respe2tivelyA o1 the 2ommand prompt window9 The sin0le(di0it values 1or f and B are as 1ollows: ;U'la25. "U'lue. 7UDreen. 6U";ua. FURed. 4UPurple. 9U8ellow. >UWhite. :UDray. 8U6i0ht blue. *U6i0ht 0reen. @U6i0ht a;ua. CU6i0ht red. DU6i0ht purple. EU6i0ht yellow. and FU'ri0ht white9

Notes
"lso in2luded with Windows XP is command)com. the 2ommand prompt used in Windows *>?Me9 %t's used similarly to cmd)e"e. but has limited support o1 lon0 1ilenames and other XP 1eatures9 Command)com is in2luded 1or le0a2y purposes only and should be avoidedN cmd)e"e is the pre1erred 3ommand Prompt in Windows XP9 Re1er to the be0innin0 o1 this 2hapter 1or more in1ormation on how the 2ommand prompt is used to a22ess those pro0rams that don't have &tart menu entries9

See '(so
3hapter +

Component

er!ices

\windows\system54\dcomcnfg)e"e

&ee Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole9

Computer Management

\windows\system54\compmgmt)e"e

&ee Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole9

Connection Manager &ro#ile "nstaller

\windows\system54\cmstp)e"e

"n automated 2onne2tion pro1ile installation utility9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

cmstp

8escription

The 3onne2tion Mana0er Pro1ile %nstaller is used to automate the installation @or removalA o1 2onne2tion pro1iles9 or e>ample. an %nternet servi2e provider or networ5 administrator may build an )inf 1ile 2ontainin0 all the ne2essary in1ormation to 2onne2t to another 2omputer or servi2e. and then use the 3onne2tion Mana0er Pro1ile %nstaller to inte0rate the in1ormation into a parti2ular 2omputer9 Type cmstp at any prompt 1or in1ormation on its usa0e9

Control &anel

\windows\system54\control)e"e

The 2entral inter1a2e 1or most o1 the pre1eren2es. hardware 2on1i0uration. and other settin0s in Windows XP9

To Open
&tart 3ontrol Panel @when usin0 the new Windows XP &tart menuA &tart &ettin0s 3ontrol Panel @when usin0 the 2lassi2 &tart menuA Windows !>plorer navi0ate to the Desktop\#y Computer\Control Panel 1older My 3omputer 3ontrol PanelJ-K
3ontrol Panel only appears in the My 3omputer window i1 the I&how 3ontrol Panel in My 3omputerI settin0 is enabled in the 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK older Options Biew tab9 Re0ardless o1 this settin0. however. 3ontrol Panel appears under the My 3omputer bran2h in !>plorer9
J-K

3ommand Prompt

Control

Usage
#ontrol 0filename.cpl2 0applet(name2 #ontrol 0?e$word2

8escription
The 3ontrol Panel has no settin0s o1 its ownN it's merely a 2ontainer 1or any number o1 options windows @2ommonly 2alled applets or 3ontrol Panel e>tensionsA. most o1 whi2h 2an be a22essed without even openin0 the 3ontrol Panel 1older9 :n1ortunately. the 3ontrol Panel 2an loo5 vastly di11erent 1rom one 2omputer to another. based on pre1eren2es s2attered throu0hout several dialo0 bo>es9 urthermore. the de1ault settin0s vary @dependin0 on how Windows XP was installedA @see i0ure ,(-+A9 %n order to simpli1y notation in this boo5. %'m ma5in0 2ertain assumptions about your pre1eren2es9 %t's best to 1amiliari4e yoursel1 with the various options des2ribed below so that you won't be 2on1used when a settin0 in the 3ontrol Panel is re1eren2ed9 9ig&re 7-*>+ The categor vie# of the Contro( Pane( CtopE is more inviting :&t a(so more c&m:ersome than the standard Contro( Pane( C:ottomE

There are several di11erent ways to a22ess the 3ontrol Panel and its 2ontents: Start menu The way the 3ontrol Panel appears in the &tart menu depends on several di11erent settin0s. resultin0 in no 1ewer than 1ive di11erent possibilities9 %1 you're usin0 the new Windows XP(style &tart menu. ri0ht(2li25 on the &tart button and sele2t Properties9 3li25 3ustomi4e. and then 2hoose the "dvan2ed tab9 %n the &tart menu items list. there are three possibilities 1or the display o1 the 3ontrol Panel: IDisplay as a lin5.I whi2h opens the 3ontrol Panel 1older when 2li25ed. IDisplay as a menu.I whi2h s5ips the 1older and displays the 2ontents as menu items. and IDon't display this item.I whi2h hides it 1rom the &tart menu alto0ether9 %1 enabled. the 3ontrol Panel entry appears in the se2ond 2olumn in the &tart menu @see i0ure ,(-<A9 9ig&re 7-*@+ The Contro( Pane( can :e accessed thro&gh the Start men&B o&-(( never see categories here

%1 you're usin0 the 3lassi2 &tart menu @a simpler. 2leaner layout. resemblin0 earlier versions o1 WindowsA. 0o to &tart &ettin0s Tas5bar and &tart Menu &tart Menu tab. and 2li25 3ustomi4e9 'y de1ault. the 3ontrol Panel entry. whi2h also appears in the &ettin0s menu. opens the 3ontrol Panel 1older9 %1. instead. you want a menu to appear. turn on the I!>pand 3ontrol PanelI option in the list o1 I"dvan2ed &tart menu options9I !"plorer The 3ontrol Panel appears as another 1older under the My 3omputer bran2h9 Whether or not the 3ontrol Panel i2on is 2on1i0ured to be displayed in the My 3omputer window. it will appear here9 &ele2t the 1older to display its 2ontents9 #y Computer Double(2li25 the My 3omputer i2on on your Des5topN i1 it's not there. sele2t My 3omputer 1rom the &tart menu9 %1 the 3ontrol Panel i2on does not appear in the My 3omputer window. it 2an be added: 0o to Tools older Options Biew tab and turn on the I&how 3ontrol Panel in My 3omputerI option9 Command prompt "t any 2ommand prompt. type control to open the 3ontrol Panel9 &ee 3ommand(line usa0e. below. 1or in1ormation on openin0 spe2i1i2 3ontrol Panel applets 1rom the 3ommand Prompt9 Shortcuts %n addition to a22essin0 a parti2ular entry by 1irst openin0 3ontrol Panel. it's possible to open a spe2i1i2 applet dire2tly. either with a standard Windows short2ut. or with one o1 the many lin5s built into the Windows inter1a2e9 or e>ample. I older OptionsI is also available in the Tools menu o1 Windows !>plorer. and I%nternet OptionsI is available in the Tools menu o1 %nternet !>plorer9 To ma5e a standard Windows &hort2ut to a 3ontrol Panel applet. simply dra0 the desired i2on 1rom the 3ontrol Panel 1older onto your Des5top or into any 1older9 Then double(2li25 the i2on to open the applet. s5ippin0 the 3ontrol Panel 1older alto0ether9

Categories
" new. optional 1eature in Windows XP divides the 2ontents o1 the 3ontrol Panel into dis2rete 2ate0ories9 :n1ortunately. these 2ate0ories are used only under 2ertain 2ir2umstan2es9 %n other words. dependin0 on how you a22ess the 3ontrol Panel @see aboveA. you may or may not have to ma5e a 2ate0ory sele2tion be1ore you 2an open the desired applet9 %1 you have !>plorer's I&how 2ommon tas5s in 1oldersI option turned on @!>plorer Tools older Options Deneral tabA. a separate pane will appear to the le1t o1 the 2ontents o1 any 1older. 2ontainin0 lin5s and some summary in1ormation9 %n the 2ase o1 the 3ontrol Panel 1older. the 1irst entry in the tas5s pane @named either I&wit2h to 3lassi2 BiewI or I&wit2h to 3ate0ory BiewIA allows you to turn 2ate0ories o11 or on. respe2tively9 %1. on the other hand. the Iuse Windows 2lassi2 1oldersI option is sele2ted @as opposed to the I2ommon tas5sI option. aboveA. 2ate0ories will never appear in the 3ontrol Panel9 urthermore. re0ardless o1 these settin0s. 2ate0ories will never appear when the 3ontrol Panel is viewed as a menu throu0h the &tart menu9 %n addition to 2ontainin0 the i2ons 1or most o1 @but not allA the standard 3ontrol Panel applets. the 2ate0ories have additional lin5s based on the tas5 to be per1ormed9 !ssentially. these lin5s point to the same i2ons. only usin0 di11erent lan0ua0e9 or a more 2omprehensive tas5 inde> than is possible with 2ate0ories. see 3hapter )9 &in2e 2ate0ories are simply an e>tra. and basi2ally unne2essary. step. you may wish to turn o11 the 2ate0ory view9 This ma5es the 3ontrol Panel easier to use @sin2e you won't have to hunt 1or appletsA. allows you to a22ess all 3ontrol Panel settin0s. and ensures that the applets are presented 2onsistently. no matter how you open the 3ontrol Panel9 &ee Table ,(* 1or the 2ate0ories in whi2h ea2h applet 2an be 1ound @where appli2ableA9 Note also that two applets. onts and "dd 7ardware. are not 1ound in any 2ate0oryN see Notes. below. 1or details9 Re0ardless o1 the settin0 you pre1er. it's important understand the notation adopted throu0hout this boo59 or e>ample. the 1ollowin0 instru2tion shows the 2ate0ory name in s;uare bra25ets @2ommonly used to denote an optional step or parameterA: Do to 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK Display %1 you are usin0 3ontrol Panel 2ate0ories. in2lude the step in bra25etsN i1 you have 2ate0ories turned o11. i0nore the bra25eted step9

Command-(ine &sage
This se2tion e>plains how to use control)e"e 1rom the 2ommand line. most notably 1or 2reatin0 Windows short2uts to spe2i1i2 3ontrol Panel applets9 Note that most. but not all. applets 2an be laun2hed 1rom the 2ommand lineN see Notes 1or a wor5around9 Control)e"e supports two 2ommand(line methods @see :sa0e. at the be0innin0 o1 this se2tionA. but no method 2overs all applets9 Control)e"e a22epts the 1ollowin0 parameters: filename92pl The 1ilename o1 the )cpl 1ile @1ound in \Windows\System54A 2ontainin0 the applet you wish to open9 or e>ample. type: #ontrol main.#pl to open the Mouse Properties dialo09 %1 there's more than one 3ontrol Panel applet 2ontained in tre1listvhe )cpl 1ile. and the one you want is not the de1ault. you'll need to spe2i1y the applet(name @see belowA to open it9 applet(name . ta The 1ormal name o1 the applet you want to laun2h. spelled and 2apitali4ed e>a2tly as des2ribed in the table below9 This parameter is ne2essary only i1 there's more than one applet 2ontained in a 0iven )cpl 1ile9 %1 you omit

e>ample. type: #ontrol main.#pl Keyboard to open the Keyboard Properties dialo09 Note that the main)cpl 1ile is the same 1ile as the one in the previous e>ample. but the use o1 applet(name allows applets other than the de1ault to be opened9 or some tabbed dialo0s @but not allA. you 2an also spe2i1y the spe2i1i2 tab to open by in2ludin0 a spa2e and then a 2omma a1ter the )cpl 1ilename @the pre2edin0 spa2e is re;uiredA. and then a number9 &pe2i1y ; 1or the 1irst tab @or omit the tab 2ompletelyA. " 1or the se2ond. and so on9 or e>ample. type control.e#e s$sdm.cpl .6 to open the &ystem Properties window to the "dvan2ed tab9 ?e$word &e$word is an alternate way o1 openin0 a spe2i1i2 3ontrol Panel applet 1rom the 2ommand line9 %nstead o1 usin0 filename.cpl and applet(name. simply in2lude one o1 the 1ollowin0 names: admintools. color. date/time. des?top. folders. fonts. international. ?e$ oard. mouse. netconnections. printers. schedtas?s. telephon$. or userpasswords9 &ee Table ,(* 1or a list o1 all available3ontrol Panel applets. the 2ate0ory in whi2h they 2an be 1ound. and how to open them dire2tly 1rom the 2ommand line9 Table $-8. Control panel applets ,pplet name "22essibility Options "dd 7ardware "dd or Remove Pro0rams "dministrative Tools Cate2or! "22essibility Options n?a @see NotesA "dd or Remove Pro0rams Per1orman2e and Maintenan2e Date. Time. 6an0ua0e. and Re0ional Options Command line control access.cpl control hdwwi5.cpl control appwi5.cpl control admintools or e#plorer S,Documents and SettinBs,*ll =sers,Start 0enu,<roBrams,*dministrative +oolsS control timedate.cpl or control date/time control des?.cpl or control des?top or control color@opens the "ppearan2e tab automati2allyA control folders e#plorer S,windows,fontsS or control fonts

applet(name. the de1ault applet in the spe2i1ied )cpl 1ile will be used9 or

Date and Time

Display

"ppearan2e and Themes

older Options onts Dame 3ontrollers

"ppearan2e and Themes n?a @&ee NotesA

Printers and Other control To$.cpl 7ardware control inetcpl.cpl

Networ5 and %nternet Options %nternet 3onne2tions

Keyboard

control main.cpl &e$ oard Printers and Other or 7ardware control ?e$ oard control main.cpl Printers and Other or 7ardware control mouse Networ5 and %nternet 3onne2tions control ncpa.cpl or control netconnections

Mouse Networ5 3onne2tions Phone and Modem Options Power Options Printers and a>es

control telephon.cpl Printers and Other or 7ardware control telephon$ Per1orman2e and Maintenan2e control powercfB.cpl

Printers and Other control printers 7ardware control intl.cpl or control international

Date. Time. Re0ional and 6an0ua0e. and 6an0ua0e Options Re0ional Options &2anners and 3ameras &2heduled Tas5s

Printers and Other n?a 7ardware Per1orman2e and Maintenan2e control sticpl.cpl or control schedtas?s

&ounds and "udio &ounds. &pee2h. control mms$s.cpl Devi2es and "udio Devi2es &pee2h &ystem &ounds. &pee2h. control speech and "udio Devi2es Per1orman2e and Maintenan2e control s$sdm.cpl n?a control nusrmBr.cpl or control userpasswords

Tas5bar and &tart "ppearan2e and Menu Themes :ser "22ounts :ser "22ounts

"ll o1 the applets mentioned here are dis2ussed elsewhere in this 2hapter9 "dditionally. all the settin0s in all 3ontrol Panel applets that 2ome with Windows XP are do2umented in 3hapter ) @arran0ed alphabeti2allyA9 Rather than bein0 listed by their lo2ation in the inter1a2e. settin0s are arran0ed alphabeti2ally9 That way. you'll be able to 1ind the settin0 you need without havin0 to 1i0ure out where Mi2roso1t de2ided to pla2e it9

Notes
Those items with In?aI in the 3ommand line 2olumn o1 Table ,(* 2an't be laun2hed 1rom the 2ommand line usin0 control)e"e9 7owever. it's still possible to laun2h these @and any otherA applets 1rom the 2ommand line usin0 a Windows short2ut9 &imply dra0 the desired i2on onto your Des5top or into a 1older to 2reate a short2ut9 Then. to laun2h the short2ut 1rom the 2ommand line. Gust type its 1ull path and 1ilename. in2ludin0 the )lnk 1ilename e>tension9 or e>ample. to laun2h a short2ut named ITas5bar and

&tart MenuI @presumably lin5ed to the applet o1 the same nameA. stored in your Stuff 1older. type the 1ollowin0 to open it:

,stuff,printers and fa#es.ln?

Three 3ontrol Panel applets are not in 2ate0ories. but appear on the top level: "22essibility Options. "dd or Remove Pro0rams. and :ser "22ounts9 Neither onts nor "dd 7ardware are listed in any 2ate0ory. and i1 you're viewin0 the 3ontrol Panel in Windows !>plorer. there's no way to a2tivate either applet without disablin0 the 2ate0ory view alto0ether9 7owever. i1 you have the I&how 2ommon tas5s in 1oldersI option turned on @3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK older Options Deneral tabA. and you're viewin0 3ontrol Panel in a sin0le 1older window @no 1older tree on the le1tA. onts and "dd 7ardware appear as one o1 the tas5s on the 2ommon tas5s pane in the I"ppearan2e and ThemesI and IPrinters and Other 7ardwareI 2ate0ories. respe2tively9 %n previous versions o1 Windows. control)e"e had a propert$(ta parameter. whi2h allowed you to Gump to a spe2i1i2 tab in a tabbed dialo09 This parameter appears to be i0nored in Windows XP. althou0h you may 1ind some older third(party applets that still support it9 %1 you've 2on1i0ured 3ontrol Panel to open as a menu in the &tart menu. you 2an open the 3ontrol Panel 1older by ri0ht(2li25in0 on 3ontrol Panel and sele2tin0 Open or !>plore9 &ome appli2ations. so1tware drivers. and hardware drivers 2ome with their own applets. so you may have additional applets in your 3ontrol Panel not listed here9 "lso. dependin0 on your version o1 Windows XP @7ome or Pro1essionalA. as well as any installed optional 2omponents @via 3ontrol Panel "dd or Remove Pro0ramsA. some o1 the items listed here mi0ht not be present in your 3ontrol Panel9 &ee the spe2i1i2 entries. elsewhere in this 2hapter. 1or details on ea2h o1 the applets mentioned here9 &ele2tive 3ontrol Panel i2ons 2an be hidden withTwea5:% @see "ppendi> DA9 %1 you've up0raded 1rom an earlier version o1 Windows and several 3ontrol Panel applets appear to be missin0. open the Re0istry !ditor. navi0ate to %&E'(C=RRE1+(=SER,Control <anel and delete the donUt load 5ey entirely:

See '(so
3hapter )

Create

hared Folder

\windows\system54\shrpu*w)e"e

&hare a 1older with other users on the networ5. either lo2ally or remotely9

To Open

3ommand Prompt

shrpu w

Usage
shrpu w V/s

computer(nameW

8escription
The easiest way to be0in sharin0 a 1older or drive is to ri0ht(2li25 on its i2on in !>plorer. sele2t &harin0 and &e2urity. and turn on the I&hare this 1older on the networ5I option9 7owever. this pro2edure only allows you to share lo2al 1olders9 %1 you need to a22ess an unshared 1older on a 2omputer on the other side o1 the buildin0. 1or e>ample. you would have to wal5 over to that 2omputer and enable sharin0 1or the 1older while sittin0 in 1ront o1 it9 The 3reate &hared older utility not only provides an alternative inter1a2e 1or sharin0 1olders. it also lets you enable sharin0 o1 a 1older on the remote 2omputer @see i0ure ,(-=A9 3reate &hared older 2an almost be thou0ht o1 as a Iba25 door.I enablin0 a22ess to 2omputer where no su2h a22ess has been e>pli2itly de1ined9 Naturally. i1 you don't have administrative ri0hts on the tar0et 2omputer. you won't be able to do anythin09 @&ee Notes. below9A 9ig&re 7-*A+ The Create Shared 9o(der dia(og provides an a(ternate #a to share an fo(der on o&r hard disk #ith other comp&ters on o&r net#ork

%1 you run 3reate &hared older with no ar0uments. it will only let you share resour2es on the lo2al 2omputer9 To share resour2es on a remote 2omputer. use the /s parameter. li5e this: shrpubw 5s lenny When 3reate &hared older starts. the 2omputer named 6enny will appear in the 3omputer 1ield. and you'll be able to enable the sharin0 o1 any available resour2es on that 2omputer9 Re0ardless o1 the 2omputer bein0 manipulated with 3reate &hared older. the inter1a2e is e>tremely simple9 'elow the 3omputer 1ield @whi2h 2an't be 2han0ed on2e the pro0ram has startedA. there are three other 1ields: ?older to share !nter the 1ull path o1 the 1older you wish to be0in sharin0 @e909. c/,m$ stuff,A or 2li25 'rowse to navi0ate the 1older tree9 Share name !nter the name under whi2h the 1older will be 5nown on the networ5 @e909. m$ stuffA9 Share description

The des2ription is optional. but a ;ui25 note. des2ribin0 the purpose o1 the 1older. 2an be very help1ul. espe2ially in lar0e or0ani4ations9 or e>ample: )enn$Us Stuff9 When you're done. 2li25 Ne>t to view the se2ond and 1inal pa0e9 7ere. you 2an spe2i1y the se2urity options 1or the share. su2h as whi2h users will be able to read and?or modi1y the data in the shared 1older9 3li25 inish when you're done. and the new shared 1older will appear in the My Networ5 Pla2es 1older9

Notes
'ased on the type o1 networ5 you're usin0. administrative ri0hts may be a little 2on1usin09 or e>ample. on a peer(to(peer networ5. there is no 2entral database o1 user a22ounts and passwords9 %n this 2ase. you would need an identi2al username and password on ea2h ma2hine. and that user a22ount must have administrative privile0es to be re2o0ni4ed as an administrator9 Obviously. this utility rede1ines se2urity on a networ59 Eust be2ause you haven't e>pli2itly shared a 1older doesn't mean someone else 2an't 0et a22ess to it9 " word to the wise: i1 your 2omputer resides in a networ5in0 environment. whi2h 2an in2lude ordinary %nternet a22ess. you need to be very 2are1ul about how you 2on1i0ure user a22ounts on your system9 " 1urther se2urity ha4ard is the 1a2t that all user a22ounts in Windows XP 7ome !dition have administrative privile0es9

See '(so
3hapter <. :ser "22ounts

Date and (ime &roperties

\windows\system\timedate)cpl

&et yoursystem's 2lo25. 2hoose a time 4one. and enable %nternet time syn2hroni4ation @see i0ure ,(-*A9

To Open
3ontrol Panel JDate. Time. 6an0ua0e and Re0ional OptionsK Double(2li25 on the 2lo25 in the noti1i2ation area @TrayA 3ommand Prompt timedate.cpl 3ommand Prompt control date/time Date and Time

8escription
The Date and Time dialo0 is pretty strai0ht1orward9 &et your system's 2lo25 with the Date L Time tab and your time 4one with the Time Fone tab9 9ig&re 7-*.+ ' ne# feat&re in "indo#s $P3 Internet Time3 #i(( a&tomatica(( s nchronize o&r PC-s c(ock #ith 0icrosoft time

The %nternet Time tab allows you to syn2hroni4e your P3's 2lo25 with one o1 several %nternet time servers automati2ally9 %1 you turn on the I"utomati2ally syn2hroni4e with an %nternet time serverI option. Windows will syn2hroni4e your 2lo25 on2e a wee59 Naturally. you must be 2onne2ted to the %nternet 1or this option to wor5N i1 you're not 2onne2ted when Windows attempts to 2onne2t to the time server. it will Gust try a0ain ne>t wee59 "lso. your time 4one and dayli0ht savin0s settin0s must be set properlyN otherwise. the time syn2hroni4ation will set the wron0 time9

Notes
"ll settin0s in this dialo0 are 2overed in 3hapter )9 The de1ault %nternet time server. time)windows)com. is Mi2roso1t's own server 1or %nternet time syn2hroni4ation. but it is not your only 2hoi2e9 8ou 2an type the address o1 any time server here. whi2h is use1ul i1 your 2onne2tion to Mi2roso1t's server is slow or i1 you 0et errors when you try to syn2hroni4e your P3's 2lo259 There are literally hundreds o1 time servers on the %nternet9 To 1ind one that is 0eo0raphi2ally 2lose to you. 1ind an %nternet Time &erver list. su2h as the one at http:??www9ee2is9udel9edu?Qmills?ntp?2lo25-9htm9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

DD0

hare

\windows\system54\ddeshare)e"e

a2ilitates Dynami2 Data !>2han0e @DD!A 2ommuni2ation over a networ59

To Open
3ommand Prompt

ddeshare

8escription
Dynami2 Data !>2han0e is a me2hanism that allows one appli2ation to send instru2tions to another9 DD! &hare e>tends this 1un2tionality by 1a2ilitatin0 this 2ommuni2ation a2ross a lo2al networ5. usin0 theNetDD! proto2ol9 NetDD! is a

2ross(plat1orm tool. 2apable o1 2ommuni2atin0 with appli2ations on Windows. DO&. O&?#. &olaris. BM&. and 7P?:X systems9 When you start DD! &hare. you'll see a simple window with a menu and two unlabeled i2ons9 The two i2ons 2orrespond to the 1irst two entries in the &hares menu: double(2li25 the i2on with the hand holdin0 the blan5 window to display the DD! &hares window. or double(2li25 the i2on with the hand holdin0 the I2he25edI window to display the DD! Trusted &hares window9

Notes
The NetDD! servi2e must be runnin0 on both ma2hines9 @&ee the Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on servi2es9A One o1 the two 2omputers assumes the role o1 server. and the other assumes the role o1 2lient9 On the server ma2hine only. DD! shares must be 2reatedN these shares wor5 similarly to shared 1olders and printers @see 3hapter +A. where a parti2ular resour2e is 0iven a Ishare name9I %n the 2ase o1 Mi2roso1t 3hat. this is already done @shared as ChatXA9

%1 the re;uired entries are not present. you'll need to 2reate them9 :n1ortunately. DD! 2onversations are proprietaryN that is. the 2ommands involved are de2ided by the appli2ation developer. so you'll have to re1er to the do2umentation that 2omes with a parti2ular appli2ation you're usin0 to determine what type to use in the DD! &hare dialo0s9 On2e the shares have been established. the 2lient ma2hine must be set up to use the share 1rom the server9 or e>ample. i1 you're usin0 3hat and the server ma2hine is named Karl. the servi2e?topi2 pair would be ,,&arl,1DDEX and ChatX. respe2tively9

De!ice Manager

\windows\system54\de.mgmt)msc

3on1i0ure allhardware installed in or atta2hed to a 2omputer9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams "dministrative Tools 3omputer Mana0ement Devi2e Mana0er 3ontrol Panel JPer1orman2e and Maintenan2eK &ystem 7ardware tab Devi2e Mana0er 3ommand Prompt devmBmt.msc Keyboard short2ut: Windows lo0o 5ey P Pause?'rea5

8escription
Devi2e Mana0er is the 2entral inter1a2e 1or 0atherin0 in1ormation about and ma5in0 2han0es to all the hardware installed in a system9 Devi2e Mana0er has an !>plorer( style tree listin0 all o1 the various hardware 2ate0ories. as shown in i0ure ,(#$N e>pand any 2ate0ory bran2h to display all installed devi2es that 1it in that 2ate0ory9

or e>ample. e>pand the Networ5 adapters bran2h to list all installed networ5 2ards in the system9 Ri0ht(2li25 any devi2e and 2hoose one o1 the 1ollowin0 a2tions: -pdate Dri.er %1 you have a newer driver than what is 2urrently installed @1ind out by usin0 PropertiesA. sele2t :pdate Driver to lo2ate and install the new driver9 This is the pre1erred way to update drivers in Windows XP. thou0h some devi2es may have proprietary installation pro0rams and don't support their drivers bein0 updated in this way9 Note that i1 you've 0ot a driver dis5 or have downloaded updated drivers 1or a devi2e. 2hoose the se2ond option. I%nstall 1rom a list or spe2i1i2 lo2ationI on the 1irst pa0e o1 the 7ardware :pdate Wi4ard @see i0ure ,(#-A9 %1 you 2hoose the 1irst option. I%nstall the so1tware automati2ally.I you won't be able to spe2i1y the lo2ation o1 the newer driver 1iles9 9ig&re 7-,1+ 8evice 0anager (ets o& vie# and change the settings for near( an hard#are device attached to o&r s stem

Disa*le &ele2t Disable to e11e2tively turn o11 this devi2e. usually releasin0 hardware resour2es it normally 2onsumes9 This 2an be very handy when attemptin0 to resolve hardware 2on1li2tsN i1 you removed the devi2e usin0 :ninstall. dis2ussed below. Windows XP would simply reinstall the devi2e the ne>t time Windows starts9 Disable plays an important role in the use o1 7ardware Pro1iles @3ontrol Panel JPer1orman2e and Maintenan2eK &ystem 7ardware tab 7ardware Pro1ilesA. with whi2h you 2an set up multiple hardware 2on1i0urations. ea2h with its own set o1 enabled devi2es9 or e>ample. say you're usin0 a laptop with a built(in tou2hpadN when you're on the 0o. the tou2hpad is your primary pointin0 devi2e9 7owever. in your o11i2e. your do25in0 station has a mouse atta2hed to it9 8ou 2ould set up two hardware pro1iles M one that loads the driver 1or the tou2hpad and disables the one 1or the mouse and one that enables the mouse @and other devi2es atta2hed to the do25in0 stationA and disables the tou2hpad9 8ou may not need to 0o

throu0h all this trouble 1or situations li5e this. but in the 2ase o1 the tou2hpad. you may pre1er to have it turned o11 when you don't need it. as tou2hpads 2an sometimes inter1ere with 1re;uent typin09 9ig&re 7-,*+ The 5ard#are Update "izard #a(ks o& thro&gh the process of choosing a ne# driver for an a(read -attached device

-ninstall :ninstall is more use1ul than it mi0ht seem on the sur1a2e9 When you uninstall a devi2e 1rom Devi2e Mana0er. it 2ompletely removes the driver 1rom the system and erases all the 2orrespondin0 2on1i0uration settin0s 1or that devi2e9 %n addition to usin0 :ninstall when you're physi2ally removin0 a devi2e 1rom your system. it's also very handy when you're e>perien2in0 a problem with the devi2e9 When you remove a devi2e 1rom Devi2e Mana0er and restart your 2omputer. Windows will redete2t the devi2e and install it as thou0h it were plu00ed in 1or the 1irst timeN this 2an be a very use1ul tool 1or repairin0 2orrupt installations and 1i>in0 all sorts o1 problems with devi2es and their drivers9 Note that :ninstall is not the way to 1or2e Windows to stop re2o0ni4in0 the uninstall devi2e. sin2e Windows will Gust reload the driver the ne>t time it starts9 %nstead. use Disable 1or this purpose9 Scan for hardware changes 7i0hli0ht a devi2e and sele2t I&2an 1or hardware 2han0esI to 1or2e Windows to res2an the devi2e. 2he25in0 to see it has been removed. turned on. turned o11. or re2on1i0ured in some way9 7i0hli0ht a 2ate0ory and sele2t I&2an 1or hardware 2han0esI to not only s2an 1or 2han0es in the installed hardware. but to 1or2e Windows to loo5 1or new devi2es in this 2ate0ory as well9 Typi2ally. you'd use "dd 7ardware Wi4ard to install new devi2es9 7owever. this pro2edure is use1ul 1or reatta2hin0 devi2es that have already been installed. su2h as :&' devi2es or removable hard dis5s that are atta2hed and reatta2hed repeatedly9 6i5ewise. hi0hli0ht the root @the entry at the top o1 the tree. named 1or your 2omputerA and sele2t I&2an 1or hardware 2han0esI to s2an all 2ate0ories 1or newly atta2hed. re2ently 2han0ed. or re2ently dis2onne2ted devi2es9 Properties The Properties sheet 1or any devi2e 2ontains lots o1 in1ormation about the devi2e's driver. the status o1 the devi2e. and several troubleshootin0 1eatures @in2ludin0 those mentioned previouslyA9 %n1ormation and settin0s

are divided into the 1ollowin0 tabbed pa0es. some o1 whi2h may or may not be present. dependin0 on the devi2e @see i0ure ,(##A9 9ig&re 7-,,+ The Properties sheet for a device on o&r s stem a(so sho#s #hether "indo#s thinks the device is #orking

The Deneral tab shows the name. type. and physi2al lo2ation o1 the devi2e @i1 appli2ableA9 &ele2tin0 IDo not use this devi2eI 1rom the Devi2e usa0e list is the same as sele2tin0 Disable. as des2ribed previously9 The Devi2e status bo> shows relevant messa0es statin0 whether or not the driver is installed properly or whether the devi2e is 1un2tionin09 The Troubleshoot button only displays on intera2tive help do2uments @see 7elp and &upport 3enter. later in this 2hapterA relevant to the 2ate0ory in whi2h the devi2e appears. but does not have any spe2i1i2 troubleshootin0 in1ormation 1or your parti2ular devi2e9 %nstead. you should 2he25 the manu1a2turer's web site 1or an updated driver. updated 1irmware. or more spe2i1i2 troubleshootin0 in1ormation9 The "dvan2ed tab 2ontains settin0s spe2i1i2 to the devi2e9 or e>ample. the "dvan2ed tab 1or networ5 adapters 2ontains several settin0s that sele2t whi2h 2onne2tor type to use @and some other optionsA9 The Driver tab displays several pie2es in1ormation about the 2urrently installed driver. su2h as the provider @whi2h 2orresponds to the distributor. not the manu1a2turer. o1 the so1twareA. the driver date and version. and whether or not the driver has a di0ital si0nature @used to veri1y the inte0rity o1 the driver. available only on drivers desi0ned espe2ially 1or Windows XPA9 3li25 Driver Details to see the individual 1iles that ma5e up the driver. or 2li25 Roll 'a25 Driver to uninstall the 2urrent driver and repla2e it with the previously used driver @available only i1 the driver has been updated sin2e Windows was installedA9 The :pdate Driver and :ninstall buttons have the same e11e2t as the a2tions o1 the same name. des2ribed above9 inally. the Resour2es tab lists all the hardware resour2es 2onsumed by the sele2ted devi2e9 Most devi2es use one or more o1 the 1ollowin0: a ran0e o1 memory @e>pressed as a he>ade2imal addressA. an %?O ran0e @a0ain. e>pressed as a he>ade2imal addressA. a dire2t memory a22ess line @DM"A or an interrupt re;uest line @%RCA9 :se in1ormation on this pa0e to help

dia0nose hardware 2on1li2ts. where two or more devi2es try to use the same address or %RC9

Notes
Open the Biew menu to rearran0e the devi2es by type @the de1aultA or 2onne2tion9 @Droup all P3% devi2es to0ether and all :&' devi2es to0ether. 1or e>ample9A 8ou 2an also arran0e devi2es by the resour2es they 2onsume9 This is use1ul 1or resolvin0 2on1li2ts9 &ee the dis2ussion o1 the Resour2es tab. under Properties. above. 1or more in1ormation9 The &how hidden devi2es entry in the Biew menu is used to display all 2urrently installed drivers. in2ludin0 those 1or some o1 the more obs2ure INon(Plu0 and Play Drivers9I

When you remove a drive. 2ard. or other pie2e o1 hardware 1rom your 2omputer. Windows does not automati2ally remove the 2orrespondin0 drivers. but dea2tivates them9 To remove the drivers 1or a devi2e you don't plan on reinstallin0 later on. you should lo2ate the devi2e in Devi2e Mana0er. ri0ht(2li25. and sele2t :ninstall be1ore you physi2ally dis2onne2t the devi2e9
Devi2e Mana0er is a &nap(in. used with the Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole. dis2ussed later in this 2hapter9 While Devi2e Mana0er 2an be used to 2on1i0ure and remove installed devi2es. and even add devi2es by usin0 I&2an 1or hardware 2han0es.I the pre1erred way to add new hardware is to use the "dd 7ardware Wi4ard9 "ll bran2hes in Devi2e Mana0er are 2ollapsed by de1aultN to e>pand the bran2hes. hi0hli0ht the root entry and press the asteris5 @SA 5ey9

Direct1 Management (ool

\windows\system54\d"diag)e"e

Test. dia0nose. and twea5 Dire2tXdrivers9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

d#diaB

8escription
Dire2tX is the system that allows appli2ations. usually 0ames. to dire2tly a22ess 0raphi2. audio. and input devi2es to ma>imi4e per1orman2e9 :nless you're e>perien2in0 a problem with Dire2tX or a pro0ram that uses Dire2tX. you should

never need to use the Dire2tX Mana0ement Tool9 %1 you do indeed en2ounter a problem. su2h as poor per1orman2e. an apparent 0lit2h in a 0ame. an error messa0e. or some other 2ompatibility problem. use the 1ollowin0 steps to dia0nose and treat the 2ondition: -9 Dire2tX relies on hardware drivers. so the 1irst thin0 you should do whenever you en2ounter problems with Dire2tX is ma5e sure you have the latest drivers 1or your display adapter. sound 2ard. and 0ame 2ontroller @i1 appli2ableA9 ,. Ne>t. 0o to http:??www9mi2roso1t92om?dire2t>? and see i1 there's a more re2ent version o1 Dire2tX than the one installed on your system9 To determine the 2urrently installed version o1 Dire2tX. open the Dire2tX Mana0ement Tool and read the Dire2tX Bersion o1 the bottom o1 the &ystem tab9 The initial release o1 Windows XP ships with Dire2tX =9-9 /9 %1 you're e>perien2in0 problems only with a 2ertain appli2ation or 0ame. 2he25 with the manu1a2turer o1 that so1tware to see i1 there's an update or 2ompatibility issue with your spe2i1i2 hardware9 O1ten. manu1a2turers will post wor5arounds. pat2hes. or other 1i>es on their web sites9 ,9 %1 you wish to start e>plorin0 troubleshootin0 options. 2hoose the appropriate tab @e909. display. sound. et29A in the Dire2tX mana0ement tool and try runnin0 the tests9 &ome o1 the pa0es have options that 2an be turned on or o119 8ou may wish to try disablin0 2ertain Dire2tX 1eatures to see i1 it solves the parti2ular problem you're havin09 )9 3hoose the More 7elp tab to try one o1 the intera2tive troubleshooters. ea2h a series o1 ;uestions desi0ned to help dia0nose and solve Dire2tX(related problems9

Disk Cleanup

\windows\system54\cleanmgr)e"e

Re2laim dis5 spa2e by removin0 unwanted 1iles 1rom your hard drive9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories &ystem Tools Dis5 3leanup

cleanmBr

8escription
Dis5 3leanup summari4es the dis5 spa2e used by several prede1ined types o1 1iles. su2h as Temporary %nternet iles and items in the Re2y2le 'in9 %1 you have more than one hard drive. Dis5 3leanup prompts you to 2hoose one @see i0ure ,(#/A9 The main window presents a list o1 1ile 2ate0ories 1rom whi2h desired items 2an be 2he25ed to have the 2orrespondin0 1iles deleted9 The appro>imate spa2e to be re2laimed by any 2ate0ories. shown to the ri0ht9 7ere are des2riptions o1 the various 2ate0ories: Downloaded Program ?iles

This 1older 2ontains mostly "2tiveX and Eava applets downloaded 1rom the %nternet9 %1 you 2lean out this 1older. these 2omponents will simply be downloaded a0ain when you revisit the sites that use them9 9ig&re 7-,2+ The 8isk C(ean&p dia(og sho#s severa( (ocations of fi(es that can pro:a:( :e safe( de(eted

,emporary Internet ?iles Temporary %nternet iles. 2ommonly 5nown as the browser 2a2he. are web pa0es and ima0es 1rom re2ently visited web sites. stored in your hard dis5 1or the sole purpose o1 improvin0 per1orman2e when browsin0 the Web9 Deletin0 the 1iles will have no adverse e11e2ts other than re;uirin0 that they be downloaded a0ain the ne>t time the 2orrespondin0 web sites are visited9 8ou 2an set the ma>imum si4e o1 this 1older usin0 3ontrol Panel JNetwor5 and %nternet 3onne2tionsK %nternet Options Deneral &ettin0s "mount o1 dis5 spa2e to use9 Note that 2opies o1 2oo5ie 1iles @re0ularly stored in \Windows\Cookies\A 1or %!, are also stored in this 1older. but are not deleted alon0 with other %nternet 1iles9 $ecycle %in 'y de1ault. 1iles that are deleted aren't really deletedN they are simply moved to the re2y2le bin 1or deletion at a later time9 8ou 2an empty the Re2y2le 'in at any time by ri0ht(2li25in0 the Re2y2le 'in i2on on your Des5top and sele2tin0 !mpty Re2y2le 'in9 Ri0ht(2li25 the Re2y2le 'in and sele2t properties to 2han0e the ma>imum amount o1 dis5 spa2e allo2ated to the stora0e o1 deleted 1iles @or to disable the Re2y2le 'in and have 1iles permanently erased immediatelyA9 ,emporary ?iles Many appli2ations open 1iles to store temporary data. but aren't espe2ially meti2ulous about deletin0 those 1iles when they're no lon0er needed9 "ppli2ation 2rashes and power outa0es are other reasons why temporary 1iles mi0ht be le1t behind9 The dis5 spa2e 2onsumed by temporary 1iles. espe2ially a1ter several wee5s without maintenan2e. 2an be several me0abytes9 We*ClientCPu*lisher ,emporary ?iles These 1iles are essentially the same as the Temporary %nternet iles. 5ept around only 1or per1orman2e reasons. and 2an be sa1ely deleted as well9 ,emporary 9ffline ?iles; 9ffline ?iles

Temporary o11line 1iles are lo2al 2opies o1 re2ently used do2uments normally stored on remote 2omputers. and mar5ed IO11line9I %1 you ta5e advanta0e o1 the IO11line ilesI 1eature in Windows XP. you may wish to e>amine the 1iles in these 1olders be1ore you indis2riminately delete them with this utility9 Compress old files " 1eature o1 the NT & 1ilesystem is that 1iles 2an be sele2tively 2ompressed in pla2e9 This is a mu2h more advan2ed version o1 Drive&pa2e @the dis5 2ompression utility in2luded with Windows *>?MeA. and somewhat more transparent than )Aip 1iles9 One o1 the 1eatures o1 NT & 2ompression is that IoldI 1iles 2an be 2ompressed automati2ally to save dis5 spa2eN the downside is a sli0ht per1orman2e hit9 Turn on this option to enable 2ompression o1 all 1ilesN don't bother i1 you don't need the dis5 spa2e9 3li25 Options to spe2i1y the a0e past whi2h a 1ile is 2onsidered Iold9I &ee the NT & 3ompression :tility. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation9 Catalog files for the Content Inde"er The inde>in0 servi2e speeds up 1ile sear2hes by maintainin0 an inde> o1 some 1iles on your hard dis59 The inde> 1iles 2an be sa1ely deleted and rebuilt automati2ally9 %n addition to the a1orementioned 2ate0ories. the More Options tab provides a22ess to three other tools that 2an also re2laim dis5 spa2e: Windows components 3li25 3lean up to sele2tively add or remove optional Windows 2omponentsN this is the same as 3ontrol Panel "dd or Remove Pro0rams "dd?Remove Windows 3omponents9 Installed programs 3li25 3lean up to sele2tively add or remove installed appli2ationsN this is the same as 3ontrol Panel "dd or Remove Pro0rams9 System $estore This tool allows you to Iroll ba25I your system to an earlier state @say. three wee5s a0oA be1ore you installed those last seven appli2ations9 "lthou0h te2hni2ally. use o1 this 1eature 2an result in re2laimed dis5 spa2e. it is not an appropriate measure to ta5e simply to in2rease the amount o1 1ree dis5 spa2e. and should be used with e>treme 2aution9

Disk De#ragmenter

\windows\system54\dfrg)msc

Reor0ani4e the 1iles and pie2es o1 1iles on a dis5 to optimi4e dis5 per1orman2e and reliability9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories &ystem Tools Dis5 De1ra0menter

dfrB.msc

8escription
"s 1iles on your hard dis5 are 2reated. modi1ied. and deleted. they be2ome 1ra0mented @so that a sin0le 1ile is physi2ally stored on the dis5 sur1a2e in several non2onti0uous pie2esA9 "s more 1iles be2ome 1ra0mented. reliability and per1orman2e o1 the drive both diminish9 Dis5 De1ra0menter reor0ani4es the 1iles and 1olders on any drive so that not only are the 1iles stored 2onti0uously. but 1ree spa2e is also 2onti0uous @see i0ure ,(#,A9

9ig&re 7-,7+ 8isk 8efragmenter rearranges the data on o&r hard disk for <&icker3 more re(ia:(e operations

:se o1 Dis5 De1ra0menter is e>tremely simple9 "t the top o1 the window. you'll see a list o1 the hard drives installed on your system @on many systems. only one drive. c+. will be shownA9 7i0hli0ht a drive and 2li25 De1ra0ment to be0in the de1ra0mentation pro2ess9 Or. 2li25 "naly4e to view a 1ra0mentation report and a re2ommendationN note that Dis5 De1ra0menter will 2laim that de1ra0mentation is unne2essary i1 the per2enta0e o1 1ra0mented 1iles in the drive is lower than about / per2ent9 Note the map. si0ni1yin0 the 1iles on your dis5N re1er to the le0end o1 the bottom o1 the window 1or the meanin0s o1 the various 2olors9 De1ra0mentation 2an ta5e anywhere 1rom -) se2onds to an hour. dependin0 on the speed o1 your drive. the level o1 1ra0mentation. and the amount o1 data to move9

Notes
Dis5 De1ra0menter is a Isnap(in.I a 2omponent used with the Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA9 8ou 2an open it via its i2on on the &tart menu. by laun2hin0 dfrg)msc. or by openin0 MM3 and installin0 the Dis5 De1ra0menter snap(in9 8ou 2an run other pro0rams while Dis5 De1ra0menter runs in the ba250round. but this is not re2ommended 1or several reasons9 Not only will writin0 to the dis5 inter1ere with Dis5 De1ra0menter. 2ausin0 it to restart repeatedly. but de1ra0mentin0 a drive 2an slow system per1orman2e substantially9 With &2heduled Tas5s. you 2an run Dis5 De1ra0menter when you're away 1rom your system @1or e>ample. every &unday ni0htA9

See '(so
3h5ds5. &2heduled Tas5s

Disk&art

\windows\system54\diskpart)e"e

Prepare and partition ahard dis59

To Open
3ommand Prompt

dis?part

8escription
Dis5Part is a 1ull(1eatured pro0ram used to prepare hard dis5s and. optionally. divide them into two or more partitions9 %t's a 2ommand(line pro0ram and has no inter1a2e to spea5 o19 When you start Dis5Part. you'll see a simple prompt: DIS&<*R+L9 Type help and press !nter to view a list o1 all the available 2ommands: add "dd a mirror to a simple volume @Windows XP &erver ? "dvan2ed &erver onlyA9 a2tive "2tivate the 2urrent basi2 partition so that it 2an be used as a boot dis5N usin0 it is not ne2essary i1 there's only one partition in the volume9 assi0n "ssi0n a drive letter or mount point to the sele2ted volume9 Note that it may be easier to use the Dis5 Mana0ement toolN see the Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole 1or details9 brea5 'rea5 a mirror set @undoes the add 2ommandA9 2lean 3lear the 2on1i0uration in1ormation. or all in1ormation. o11 the dis5N this e11e2tively erases the dis59 2onvert 3onvert between di11erent dis5 1ormatsN most users will never need this 2ommand9 2reate 3reate a volume or partitionN this is the 1irst step in preparin0 a hard dis59 delete Delete an obGe2t @undo the create 2ommandA9 detail Display details about an dis5. partition. or volume9 Note that you'll need to use select 1irst9 e>it !>it Dis5Part @3trl(3 also wor5sA9 e>tend !>tend a volume9 import %mport a dis5 0roup9 list Print out a list o1 obGe2tN similar to detail9 online 3han0e the status o1 the dis5 1rom o11line to online9 remove Remove a drive letter or mount point assi0nment @undo the assiBn 2ommandA9 Note that it may be easier to use the Dis5 Mana0ement toolN see Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole 1or details9 res2an Res2an the 2omputer loo5in0 1or dis5s and volumes9 retain Pla2e a retainer partition under a simple volume9 sele2t

3hoose a dis5. partition. or volume to view or modi1y9 !ven i1 you have only one dis5 or partition. you'll still need to select the obGe2t be1ore 2arryin0 out any other 2ommands9 :se list to obtain obGe2t numbers 1or use with select. and then use detail to 0et more in1ormation9 !a2h o1 these 2ommands @with the e>2eption o1 e#itA has one or more sub2ommands9 or e>ample. i1 you simply type detail at the prompt. you'll 0et a list o1 the sub2ommands 1or use with the list 2ommand: dis?. partition. and volume9 &o. to display a list o1 all the dis5 volumes on the system. you would type: list volume and you'll 0et a report that loo5s loo5 somethin0 li5e this: Polume >> Jtr Jabel <s Type ;iDe ;tatus $n%o 111111111 111 1111111111 11111 111111111 1111111 1111111 1111 Polume - D XPP9O PIGN 9D<; 9D1 O! =E, !L Polume * 9 .ard Dis' NT<; Partition ,+ AL .ealthy ;ystem rom the report. is 2lear that drive C+ is Bolume -N the ne>t step is to sele2t the volume. li5e this: sele#t volume * &ubse;uent 2ommands will then apply to the 2urrently sele2ted volume9

Notes
Dis5 partitionin0 is tri25y business and unless you're preparin0 a new drive. you'll probably never need to use Dis5Part9 %1 you need to repartition a drive that you're 2urrently usin0. Dis5Part is not the way to 0o. as it will erase any drive you attempt to repartition9 " better 2hoi2e is to use PartitionMa0i2 by PowerCuest @http:??www9power;uest92om?A. whi2h allows you to add. remove. and resi4e partitions without destroyin0 the data they 2ontain9 Dis5Part repla2es the dis5 utility 1ound in Windows *>?Me9

See '(so
Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole

Displa$ &roperties

3han0e the appearan2e o1 the Des5top and most appli2ation windows. 2hoose as2reensaver. and 2han0e the settin0s o1 your display adapter and monitor9

To Open
3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK Display Ri0ht(2li25 on an empty portion o1 your Des5top Properties 3ommand Prompt des?.cpl 3ommand Prompt control des?top 3ommand Prompt control colorV7W
This opens the Display Properties window and automati2ally swit2hes to the "ppearan2e tab9
J#K

8escription

The Display Properties window allows you to 2on1i0ure a wide variety o1 settin0s that a11e2t the Des5top. display. and appearan2e o1 Gust about anythin0 on the s2reen @see i0ure ,(#)A9 9ig&re 7-,=+ Config&re the appearance of most screen e(ements in "indo#s #ith 8isp(a Properties

&ettin0s are divided into the 1ollowin0 tabs: ,hemes " theme is a name under whi2h a 2olle2tion o1 display settin0s is saved9 "1ter you've sele2ted the pre1eren2es in the other tabs in this dialo0. 2li25 &ave "s to 2reate a new theme9 Then. i1 you ever ma5e a subse;uent 2han0e. you 2an easily revert ba25 to your saved pre1eren2es by sele2tin0 the desired theme 1rom the Theme list9 Don't 2on1use themes with styles @available in the "ppearan2e tabA9 &avin0 your theme is a 0ood idea. as it will allow you to restore your settin0s easily i1 they're ever 2han0ed9 %t also allows you to ;ui25ly swit2h between multiple 0roups o1 settin0s. whi2h is use1ul. 1or e>ample. i1 you use two di11erent monitors9 When you 2li25 &ave "s. you'll be prompted to enter a 1ilename with the )theme 1ilename e>tension9 7owever. the de1ault 1older 1or these 1iles is My Do2uments. whi2h is not where Windows loo5s 1or themes when it populates the Theme drop(down listbo>9 To have your theme listed in the Theme list. save your )theme 1ile in the \Windows\$esources\,hemes 1older9 Due to a stran0e ;uir5 in the way Windows XP handles themes. several other 3ontrol Panel settin0s will be reset whenever you 2han0e the theme9 Pre1eren2es li5e your mouse pointers @see Mouse PropertiesA. sound s2heme @see &ounds and "udio Devi2esA. and your Media Player s5in @see Windows Media PlayerA will all revert to their de1aults9 What's even more 2on1usin0 is that while these settin0s appear to be lin5ed to the Themes settin0 in Display Properties. none o1 them are a2tually saved with your theme when you 2li25 &ave "s9 Desktop The Des5top tab allows you to sele2t a ba250round ima0e9 %1 no ba250round ima0e is sele2ted. a solid 2olor is used @set by the 3olor option here or by "ppearan2e "dvan2edA9 The ba250round ima0e @also 2alled wallpaperA 2an be 2entered @displayed a2tual si4e in the middle. surrounded by the ba250round 2olor i1 it's not bi0 enou0hA. tiled @repeated so it 1ills the

s2reenA. or stret2hed @displayed on2e. but enlar0ed or shrun5 so it 1its the s2reen e>a2tlyA9 3li25 3ustomi4e Des5top to sele2tively show or hide the My Do2uments. My 3omputer. My Networ5 Pla2es. and %nternet !>plorer i2ons on the Des5top @see i0ure ,(#+A9 8ou 2an also 2han0e the i2ons 1or My 3omputer. My Do2uments. My Networ5 Pla2es. and the Re2y2le 'in9 The Des5top 2leanup se2tion helps remove less 1re;uently used Des5top i2ons9 Note that most items on the Des5top are merely short2uts and other 1iles. stored in the 1olders \Documents and Settings\DusernameE\Desktop and \Documents and Settings\All -sers\Desktop9 &ee Des5top in 3hapter / 1or details9 9ig&re 7-,>+ Se(ective( sho# or hide certain 8esktop icons #ith the 8esktop Items dia(og

Screen Sa.er 8ears a0o. mono2hrome monitors. when le1t on 1or lon0 periods o1 time. would be ruined when the ima0es displayed would 0et Iburned in9I &o. s2reensavers were invented. whi2h blan5ed the s2reen a1ter a 2ertain period o1 ina2tivity9 %t wasn't lon0 be1ore s2reensavers started showin0 animations instead o1 Gust a blan5 s2reen9J/K Today. the 2on2ept o1 monitor burn(in is obsolete. but s2reensavers are still 1un and 2an even provide se2urity 1rom pryin0 eyes by obs2urin0 the s2reen when you wal5 away 1rom your 2omputer9 3hoose 1rom one o1 the available s2reensavers here and 2li25 &ettin0s to 2on1i0ure it or Preview to see it in a2tion @see i0ure ,(#<A9
"t one time. the "1ter Dar5 s2reensaver @made by 'er5eley &ystems. 1amous 1or their I lyin0 ToasterI animationA was the bestsellin0 so1tware pro0ram in the world9 or some reason. the s2reensaver 1ren4y appears to have died down9
J/K

9ig&re 7-,@+ Se(ect and config&re a screensaver #ith the Screen Saver ta:

3hoose the len0th o1 ina2tivity be1ore the sele2ted s2reensaver is a2tivated9 " 2omputer is 2onsidered ina2tive i1 no mouse or 5eyboard entry is re2eivedN updates to the s2reen. su2h as pro0ress indi2ators or animations don't 2ount and won't stop a s2reensaver 1rom bein0 invo5ed9 :se the IOn resume. password prote2tI 1eature to lo25 up a22ess to the 2omputer on2e a s2reensaver has been invo5ed9 Third(party s2reensavers are plenti1ulN one o1 my 1avorites is Eim&a2hs' 1abulous&erene&2reen ";uarium @http:??www9serenes2reen92om?A. o1 whi2h a s2aled(down version is in2luded in the Mi2roso1t PlusO add(on 1or Windows XP. and even 2omes preinstalled with some 2opies o1 Windows XP9 Note that the s2reensaver 2an inter1ere with some pro0rams. so you may want to temporarily disable it i1 you're e>perien2in0 a problem ba25in0 up to tape or burnin0 a 3D. 1or e>ample9 "ny parti2ular s2reensaver 2an also be started 1rom the 2ommand line or 1rom Windows !>plorer by laun2hin0 the 2orrespondin0 )scr 1ile9 Appearance The 1ollowin0 settin0s are available in the "ppearan2e tab: Windows and *uttons &ee the dis2ussion o1 &tyles at the be0innin0 o1 3hapter /9 Color scheme &ave your 2olor sele2tions into a s2heme. whi2h is a subset o1 the theme sele2tion @see the Themes tab. aboveA9 ?ont siAe %1 you're havin0 trouble readin0 the te>t on your s2reen. try adGustin0 the 1ont si4e here9 'etter yet. 2li25 "dvan2ed and 2hoose the type1a2e and si4e 1or ea2h s2reen element independently9 !ffects 3hoose visual 0oodies. su2h as animation. 1adin0. and shadows9 These settin0s are really Gust eye 2andy and 2an si0ni1i2antly slow down your system @see i0ure ,(#=A9 &ee &ystem Properties. later in this 2hapter. as well as Twea5:% in "ppendi> D. 1or additional related options9 9ig&re 7-,A+ 4o& can make "indo#s seem faster and more responsive : t&rning off some of the vis&a( effects

Ad.anced This window allows you to 2hoose the 2olors and 1onts 1or all o1 the various s2reen elements9 3hoose the desired element 1rom the %tem list and 2han0e any available options to your li5in09 %n addition to 2olors and 1onts. you 2an also 2han0e the spa2in0 o1 Des5top i2ons. the thi25ness o1 titlebars and menus. and even the 2olors o1 buttons @see i0ure ,(#*A9 9ig&re 7-,.+ 6ven tho&gh the previe# here a(#a s sho#s the c(assic st (e3 this dia(og can :e &sed to config&re some aspects of the ne# "indo#s $P st (e as #e((

"lthou0h the preview in the "dvan2ed dialo0 is shown usin0 the I3lassi2I style. most settin0s will apply re0ardless o1 the sele2ted style9 or e>ample. you 2an shrin5 down the hu0e titlebars that are the de1ault in the Windows XP style by 2hoosin0 I"2tive Title 'arI 1rom the %tem menu and 2han0in0 &i4e to somethin0 more reasonable. su2h as 7;9 Note. however. that you 2an't 2han0e any o1 the 2olors when usin0 the Windows XP style @other than usin0 the I3olor s2hemeI listbo> under the "ppearan2e tab. dis2ussed aboveA. a limitation that will hope1ully be li1ted in subse;uent versions o1 Windows9 Settings 6ast. but not least. 2omes the &ettin0s tab. whi2h allows you to 2han0e your display hardware settin0s @see i0ure ,(/$A9 7ere. you 2an 2hoose the resolution and 2olor depth o1 your s2reen9 There are two limitations o1 your video 2ard that may a11e2t the settin0s here9 irst. the amount o1 memory

on your video 2ard di2tates the ma>imum 2olor depth and resolution you 2an use9 The memory re;uired by a parti2ular settin0 is 2al2ulated by multiplyin0 the hori4ontal si4e times the verti2al si4e times the bytes per pi>el9 %1 you're in /#(bit 2olor mode. then ea2h pi>el will re;uire /# bits. or , bytes @there are = bits?byteA9 "t a resolution o1 -$#, > <+=. that's -$#, > <+= > , bytes?pi>el. or about /9-,M'9 There1ore. a video 2ard with ,M' o1 video memory will be able to handle the display settin0. but a 2ard with only #M' will not9 "s you adGust your 2olor depth. Windows may automati2ally adGust other settin0s dependin0 on your 2ard's 2apabilities9 %1 you in2rease your 2olor depth. your resolution mi0ht automati2ally de2reaseN li5ewise. i1 you raise the resolution. your 2olor depth mi0ht 0o down9 9ig&re 7-21+ Choose o&r screen reso(&tion3 co(or depth3 and m&(tip(e monitor set&p #ith the Settings ta:

The other limitation that may a11e2t your available settin0s is the re1resh rate that your 2ard will be able to 0enerate9 "lthou0h the ma>imum re1resh rate does not depend on the amount o1 your 2ard's memory. you may have to lower your resolution to a2hieve the desired rate9 Windows should automati2ally adGust your re1resh rate to the hi0hest settin0 your 2ard supports. but this is not always the 2ase9 %1 you noti2e that your display appears to be 1li25erin0. espe2ially under 1luores2ent li0hts. you'll need to raise your re1resh rate. either by adGustin0 the re1resh rate settin0 dire2tly or by lowerin0 your resolution or 2olor depth9 @Note that this does not apply to 1lat(panel or laptop displays. whi2h never 1li25er9A 3onse;uently. i1 you hear a sli0ht whine 1rom your monitor. it means your re1resh rate is too hi0h9 The minimum re1resh rate you should tolerate is <# 749 People with 2orre2tive lenses seem to be more sensitive and mi0ht re;uire a hi0her settin0 to be 2om1ortable9 Most 2ards available today support re1resh rates o1 <) 74 and hi0her. so this is usually not a problem9 3li25 "dvan2ed and 2hoose the "dapter tab9 %1 your display driver supports it. you 2an adGust your re1resh rate with the Re1resh Rate settin09 %1 the settin0 is not there. you'll either need to obtain a more re2ent video driver. redu2e your resolution or 2olor depth. or 0et yoursel1 a better video 2ard9

%1 you have more than one monitor. either usin0 two separate video 2ards or a sin0le video 2ard that supports two monitors. all 2on1i0ured s2reens will be shown in the preview area9 3li25 any s2reen i2on to a2tivate itN the settin0s below apply only to the sele2ted monitor9 8ou 2an even dra0(drop monitor i2ons to rearran0e them so that. 1or e>ample. a di11erent monitor assumes the role o1 the upper le1t9 3li25 %denti1y. below. i1 you're not sure whi2h monitor is V- and whi2h is V#9 The "dvan2ed button allows you to view the hardware properties 1or your video adapter@sA and monitor@sA9 8ou'll really never need to adGust these settin0s unless you're updatin0 a driver 1or your monitor or display adapter. adGustin0 your re1resh rate @see aboveA. or 2on1i0urin0 2olor pro1iles @1or mat2hin0 the 2olor output o1 your printer with your s2anner and monitorA9

Notes
"ll o1 the settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9 " bu0 in Windows' handlin0 o1 themes may 2ause your sound s2heme and mouse pointer s2hemes to revert to their de1aults whenever you 2han0e the display theme9 7owever. neither the sound nor mouse s2hemes are saved with the display theme9 No pie2e o1 hardware inside or atta2hed to your 2omputer is more important. in my opinion. than your monitor @with the possible e>2eption o1 the 5eyboard and pointin0 devi2eA9 " bad monitor 2an 0ive you heada2hes. not to mention ne25 and ba25 pain9 % stron0ly re2ommend one o1 the newer 1lat( panel displays. i1 you 2an a11ord themN in addition to 2onsumin0 less des5 spa2e and power. the better ones a2tually provide superior ima0e ;uality and 2olor reprodu2tion than any 3RT9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel. 3hapter /

Dr2 )atson

\windows\system54\drwatson)e"eI drwtsn54)e"e

Re2ords system error in1ormation when a system error o22urs9

To Open
3ommand Prompt drwatson 1start daemon3 3ommand Prompt drwtsn67 1change settings3 &tart Pro0rams "22essories &ystem Tools Tools menu Dr Watson 1change settings3

&ystem %n1ormation

8escription
Dr9 Watson is a dia0nosti2 tool that re2ords in1ormation on the internal state o1 Windows when a system error o22urs9 %t 2olle2ts in1ormation su2h as system details. runnin0 appli2ations. startup appli2ations. 5ernel drivers. and user drivers9 "lthou0h the reports that Dr9 Watson produ2es are o1 little use to most users. they

dia0nosti2 in1ormation that may be help1ul to developers and Mi2roso1t support te2hni2ians 1or dia0nosis o1 the problem9 %1 a2tivated. Dr9 Watson waits invisibly in the ba250round until a system error o22urs. at whi2h time a dialo0 bo> appears. as5in0 1or 2omments on the a2tivities prior to the error9 The 2omments you type will be added to a 1ile as lon0 as you sele2t ile &ave or ile &ave "s 1rom the dialo09 The two available 1ormats in2lude Dr9 Watson lo0 1iles @9wlgA and plain te>t 1iles @9t"tA9 The de1ault is a 9wlg 1ile. and is re2ommended i1 you want to subse;uently use the Dr9 Watson appli2ation to view a D:% version o1 the in1ormation9 %1 Dr9 Watson dete2ts a 1ault that mi0ht not be 1atal. you'll have the opportunity to i0nore the 1ault or 2lose the appli2ation9 %1 you 2hoose to i0nore the 1ault. Windows 2ontinues without per1ormin0 the 1aultin0 instru2tion9 8ou mi0ht be able to save your wor5 in a new 1ile at this point. but you should then restart Windows9

See '(so
&ystem Properties. @&pe2i1i2ally. the topi2 o1 error reportin0 in the "dvan2ed tabA9

Dri!er /eri#ier Manager

\windows\system54\.erifier)e"e

" tool 1or monitorin0 Windows 5ernel(modedrivers and 0raphi2s drivers9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

verifier

8escription
Driver Beri1ier Mana0er is in2luded with Windows XP @primarily 1or hardware manu1a2turers to test their drivers to ensure that drivers are not ma5in0 ille0al 1un2tion 2alls or 2ausin0 system 2orruptionA9

Notes
or more in1ormation on usin0 the Driver Beri1ier Mana0er. see http:??www9mi2roso1t92om?hwdev?driver?Beri1ier9asp9

Dri!er3uer$

\windows\system54\dri.erHuery)e"e

Display a list o1 the installed devi2e drivers and their properties9 @DriverCuery is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
3ommand Prompt

driverCuer$

Usage
driver&uery 05%o2 05nh2 05si2 05v2 05s 05u 05p222

8escription
"lthou0h Devi2e Mana0er @see Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsoleA displays a hierar2hal view o1 all o1 the devi2es atta2hed to the system. only Driver Cuery provides a 2omprehensive list 1or every installed driver. either on a lo2al ma2hine or on any remote 2omputer on the networ59 Run DriverCuery without any options to print out the basi2 list. or use one o1 the 1ollowin0 options: ?1o format &pe2i1y the 1ormat o1 the display: type /fo ta le @the de1aultA 1or a 1ormatted table. /fo list 1or a plaint te>t list. or /fo csv 1or a 2omma( separated report. suitable 1or importin0 into a spreadsheet or database9 ?nh %1 usin0 the /fo ta le or /fo csv 1ormat @aboveA. the /nh option turns o11 the 2olumn headers9 ?v Display additional details about driver other than si0ned drivers9 ?si Display additional details about si0ned drivers9 ?s s$stem 3onne2t to a remote system. where system is the name o1 the 2omputer9 ?u user &pe2i1y a user a22ount @in2lude an optional domain be1ore the usernameA under whi2h the 2ommand should e>e2ute9 ?p password &pe2i1y the password 1or the user a22ount spe2i1ied with the /u parameterN prompts 1or the password i1 omitted9

Notes
Re1er to "ppendi> 3 1or in1ormation on redire2tin0 the output o1 this pro0ram to a te>t 1ile. ma5in0 it easy to save or import into a spreadsheet or database appli2ation9

0!ent /iewer

\windows\system54\e.ent.wr)e"e

&ee Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole9

0xplorer

&ee Windows !>plorer9

FA( to %(F Con!ersion +tilit$

\windows\system54\con.ert)e"e

3onvert a drive usin0 the ile "llo2ation Table @ "TA 1ilesystem to the more robust NT ile &ystem @NT &A9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

convert

Usage
#onvert volume 5%s/nt%s 05v2 05#vtarea/%n2 05nose#urity2 05C2

8escription
The 1ilesystem is the invisible me2hanism on any drive that is responsible 1or 5eepin0 tra25 o1 all the data stored on the drive9 Thin5 o1 the 1ilesystem as a massive table o1 2ontents. mat2hin0 up ea2h 1ilename with its 2orrespondin0 data stored somewhere on the dis5 sur1a2e9 The ile "llo2ation Table @ "TA 1ile system 1irst appeared in DO&. and has been the basis 1or ea2h su22essive version o1 Windows. in2ludin0 Windows *). Windows *=. and Windows Me9 " sli0htly improved version o1 "T. 2alled "T/#. was introdu2ed in Windows *) O&R# and in2luded support 1or lar0er drives and smaller 2luster si4es9 Meanwhile. the Windows NT?#$$$ line o1 operatin0 systems also supported the newer and more robust NT & 1ilesystem9 "mon0 other thin0s. NT & provides mu2h more sophisti2ated se2urity than "T or "T/# does. as well as en2ryption and 2ompression9 7owever. NT & and "T? "T/# are not 2ompatible with ea2h other. and sin2e Windows *>?Me doesn't support NT &. you'll need to sti25 with "T or "T/# i1 you intend to have a dual(boot system9 urthermore. i1 you've up0raded 1rom Windows *>?Me. your drive probably still uses the "T or "T/# 1ilesystem9 This tool is used to 2onvert a "T or "T/# drive to an NT & drive without dama0in0 the data stored on it9 To 2onvert drive c+. 1or e>ample. type the 1ollowin0: #onvert #/ 5%s/nt%s The 1ollowin0 options are also available: ?v Run the 3onversion :tility in verbose mode @provide more in1ormationA9 ?2vtarea: filename &pe2i1y a 2onti0uous 1ile in the root dire2tory as the pla2eholder 1or NT & system 1iles9 ?nose2urity %n2lude this parameter i1 you want the initial se2urity privile0es 1or all 1iles and 1olders on the newly 2onverted volume to be set so the 1iles and 1olders are a22essible by everyone9 ?> or2e the volume to dismount 1irst M i1 ne2essary. 2losin0 any opened 1iles on the volume9 :se this option i1 you're on a networ5 and 2on2erned that other users may disrupt the 2onversion by a22essin0 your drive durin0 the pro2ess9

Notes

To determine the 1ilesystem 2urrently used on any drive. ri0ht(2li25 the drive i2on in My 3omputer or !>plorer. and sele2t Properties9

See '(so
3h5nt1s. Dis5Part

Fax Console

\windows\system54\f"sclnt)e"e

Mana0e in2omin0 and out0oin0 1a>es usin0 the Mi2roso1t a> servi2e9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories 3ommuni2ations a> a> 3onsole

f#sclnt

8escription
The a> 3onsole is the 2entral inter1a2e 1or sendin0. re2eivin0. and mana0in0 1a>es usin0 the Mi2roso1t a> servi2e @see i0ure ,(/-A9 The a> 3onsole is set up li5e Outloo5 !>press. with 1olders shown in a hierar2hal tree in the le1t pane and the 2ontents o1 the 2urrently sele2ted 1older shown in the ri0ht pane9 9ig&re 7-2*+ Vie# and manage a(( incoming and o&tgoing fa!es #ith the 9a! Conso(e

The 1irst time you run a> 3onsole. the a> 3on1i0uration Wi4ard will appear. whi2h will as5 1or your personal 2onta2t in1ormation. primarily 1or use with 2over pa0es9 "ll o1 the 1ields are optional and 2an be le1t blan59 This in1ormation 2an be entered later by 0oin0 to Tools &ender %n1ormation9 There are two ways to send a 1a> usin0 theMi2roso1t a> servi2e9 The 1irst. usin0 ile &end a a> @whi2h is the same as runnin0 f"ssemd)e"e or sele2tin0 &tart Pro0rams "22essories 3ommuni2ations a> &end a a>A. wal5s you throu0h sele2tin0 a do2ument and then 2reatin0 a 2orrespondin0 1a> Gob9 The pre1erred method o1 sendin0 a 1a>. thou0h. is to start the appli2ation used to 2reate the ori0inal do2ument @e909. your word pro2essor or spreadsheetA and print to your 1a> printer9 %ndeed. the 1a> is really only a remote printer 2onne2ted with a phone line9 "1ter your appli2ation has sent the do2ument to the 1a> printer driver. a new Wi4ard appears and as5s you 1or the re2ipient name and phone number. as well as any ;ueuin0 options @use1ul i1 you wish to postpone sendin0 the 1a> until o11(pea5 hoursA9 &tart the a> Monitor @Tools a> MonitorA to automati2ally answer in2omin0 2alls and re2eive 1a>es9 %1 you don't want the Mi2roso1t a> servi2e to automati2ally

answer in2omin0 2alls. you 2an sele2tively re2eive 1a>es by 0oin0 to ile a 1a> now9

Re2eive

Notes
Not surprisin0ly. i1 you don't have a modem. you won't be able to send or re2eive 1a>es9 7owever. a> 3onsole will let you view and e>port 1a> do2uments you may have already stored on your hard dis5N use ile %mport to view 1a>es 2reated in previous versions o1 Windows and ile &ave "s to e>port them to a more usable 1ormat9 %1 you wish to re2eive 1a>es but don't have a modem. or i1 you Gust don't want to leave the Mi2roso1t a> servi2e runnin0 all the time. there are %nternet(based 1a> servi2es @su2h as http:??www9e1a>92omA. some o1 whi2h are 2ompletely 1ree. that send in2omin0 1a>es to you as email atta2hments9 "n alternative to usin0 1a>es is to email do2uments and s2ans9 " pro0ram li5e "dobe "2robat @http:??www9adobe92omA is espe2ially use1ul 1or preservin0 1onts and 1ormattin0 in 2omputer(0enerated do2uments. and 2an even a22ommodate s2anned pa0es. ma5in0 it easy 1or the re2ipient to view or even print them9 Not only will this result in hi0her ;uality do2uments and lower phone bills. but it mi0ht save a 1ew trees9 To send a 1a> on the 1ly. pla2e a short2ut to the a> i2on in your Printers and a>es 1older in your &end To menu9 Then ri0ht(2li25 any 1ile and sele2t &end To a> to ;ui25ly 1a> the do2ument9 Note that this won't wor5 1or all do2ument types. so a little e>perimentation may be re;uired9

See '(so
a> 3over Pa0e !ditor. Windows Pi2ture and a> Biewer

Fax Co!er &age 0ditor

\windows\system54\f"sco.er)e"e

3reate and modi1y 2over pa0es 1or use with the Mi2roso1t a> servi2e9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams "22essories 3ommuni2ations a> !ditor a> 3onsole Tools Personal 3over Pa0es New @orA Open 3ommand Prompt f#scover a> 3over Pa0e

8escription
The a> 3over Pa0e !ditor wor5s li5e an ordinary drawin0?layout pro0ram. in that you 2an indis2riminately pla2e te>t. shapes. and ima0es on a blan5 pa0e9 Pa0es 2reated with the 3over Pa0e !ditor are used automati2ally when sendin0 1a>es with the Mi2roso1t a> servi2e9 What ma5es the 3over Pa0e !ditor di11erent 1rom other drawin0?layout pro0rams to whi2h you mi0ht be a22ustomed is its support 1or 1ields9 Naturally. it wouldn't do

you mu2h 0ood to 2reate a 2ustom 2over pa0e 1or only a sin0le re2ipientN rather. it is desirable to 2reate a sin0le 2over pa0e @or series o1 2over pa0esA that 2an be used with any number o1 re2ipients9 :se the %nsert menu to pla2e te>t 1ields on the pa0eN 1ields are divided into the 1ollowin0 three 2ate0ories @menusA: $ecipient Pla2e the name or phone number 1ields on your 2over pa0e and Mi2roso1t a> will insert those details o1 the re2ipient on ea2h 1a> that is sent out9 Sender The in1ormation in the &ender menu does not 2han0e 1rom 1a> to 1a>N rather. it is set in the a> 3onsole appli2ation @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA by 0oin0 to a> 3onsole Tools &ender %n1ormation9 Note that it's 0enerally pre1erred to use 1ields rather than stati2 te>t. even i1 the in1ormation 2ontained therein is the same 1or all 1a>es M it not only ma5es it easier to 2han0e later on. but means that your 2over pa0es 2an be used easily by others9 #essage 6i5e items in the Re2ipient menu. above. Messa0e details the messa0e 2han0e 1rom 1a> to 1a>. su2h as the subGe2t. time. date. and number o1 pa0es9 When you've 2reated or modi1ied the 2over pa0es desired. you must save it into a 3over Pa0e @)co.A 1ile. stored. by de1ault. in \Documents and Settings\ DusernameE\#y Documents\?a"\Personal Co.erpages9 Then. when sendin0 a 1a>. simply spe2i1y the desired 3over Pa0e 1ile. and it will be used as the 1irst pa0e in your out0oin0 1a>9 8ou may wish to preview out0oin0 1a>es immediately a1ter 2reatin0 or modi1yin0 a 2over pa0e to ma5e sure in1ormation is inserted into the 1ields properly9

See '(so
a> 3onsole

File Compare -comp.

\windows\system54\comp)e"e

3ompare the 2ontents o1 two 1iles @or sets o1 1ilesA byte(by(byte and display the di11eren2es between them9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

comp

Usage
#omp 0%ile*2 0%ile,2 05nOnumber2 05#2 05o%%line2 05d2 05a2 05l2

8escription
ile 3ompare @comp)e"eA 2ompares two 1iles @or more. usin0 wild2ardsA. and reports whether or not the 1iles are identi2al9 %1 the 1iles are identi2al. comp)e"e will report Files compare O&9 %1 the 1iles are the same si4e but have di11erent 2ontents. comp)e"e displays the di11eren2es. 2hara2ter(by 2hara2ter. by reportin0 Compare Error at OFFSE+ n @where n is byte o11set M the lo2ation o1 the di11eren2e. in

2hara2ters. 1rom the be0innin0 o1 the 1ileA9 %1 the 1iles are di11erent si4es. comp)e"e reports Files are different si5es. and the 2omparison stops there9 7ere are the options 1or comp)e"e: file". file7 &pe2i1y the 1ilenames o1 the 1iles to 2ompare9 or any 1iles that aren't in the 2urrent dire2tory. you'll need to in2lude the 1ull path9 %1 file" in2ludes a wild2ard. all mat2hin0 1iles are 2ompared to file79 6i5ewise. i1 file7 in2ludes a wild2ard. ea2h mat2hin0 1ile is 2ompared to file"9 %1 one or both o1 these parameters are omitted. Comp)e"e will prompt you 1or the 1iles to be 2ompared9 ?nU num er %n2lude the ?n option to 2ompare only the 1irst spe2i1ied number o1 lines in the 1iles. or omit to 2ompare the entire 1iles9 or e>ample. spe2i1y /nY4 to 2he25 on the 1irst 1ive lines in ea2h 1ile9 ?2 Disre0ard the 2ase o1 "&3%% 2hara2tersN upper and lower 2ase letters are treated as identi2al9 ?o11line Comp)e"e normally s5ips 1iles mar5ed as Io11line9I &pe2i1y /offline @or Gust /offA to in2lude o11line 1iles as well9 @&ee &yn2hroni4ation Mana0er. later in this 2hapter 1or more in1ormation on o11line 1iles9A ?d Displays di11eren2es in de2imal 1ormat9 ?a Displays di11eren2es in "&3%% 2hara2ters9 The /a option is the de1ault. so spe2i1yin0 it has no e11e2t9 ?l %n2lude line numbers in any output9

Notes
Windows XP a2tually 2omes with two 1ile 2omparison utilities. comp)e"e @this oneA and fc)e"e @dis2ussed in the ne>t se2tionA9 Comp)e"e per1orms a 2hara2ter(by(2hara2ter 2omparison. but only displays di11eren2es i1 the 1iles are e>a2tly the same si4e9 ?c)e"e per1orms a line(by(line 2omparison and wor5s re0ardless o1 the 1ile si4es9 or most users. fc)e"e will be the tool o1 2hoi2e. as it displays the di11eren2es between the 1iles and doesn't have any prompts. so it 2an be used 1rom a W&7 s2ript or bat2h 1ile9 Re0ardless o1 the out2ome o1 the 2omparison. comp)e"e will as5 i1 you want to per1orm another 2omparison9 There's no way to disable this prompt. but you 2an use the input redire2tion 2hara2ter @see "ppendi> 3A. li5e this: #omp file" file7 [n whi2h ItypesI the letter n at the prompt automati2ally. disablin0 the prompt9

File Compare -#c.

\windows\system54\fc)e"e

3 ompare the 2ontents two 1iles @or sets o1 1ilesA line by line and display the di11eren2es between them9

To Open

3ommand Prompt

fc

Usage
%# %ile* %ile, 05a2 05#2 05lbn2 05n2 05t2 05w2 05o%%line2 05 nnn2 05l2 05l2 %# 5b %ilename* %ilename,

8escription
ile 3ompare @fc)e"eA 2ompares the 2ontents o1 two 1iles @or more. usin0 wild2ardsA and displays the di11eren2es @i1 anyA9 %1 the 1iles are identi2al. fc)e"e will report FC/ no differences encountered9 %1 the 1iles are di11erent. fc)e"e lists the di11erin0 lines9 7ere's an e>ample o1 how fc)e"e is used: &tart with an ordinary te>t 1ile. say. %ill)t"t9 Open it in Notepad. 2han0e one line. and save it into a new 1ilename. say. #arty)t"t9 Then open a 2ommand prompt window. ma5e sure you're in the same dire2tory as the two 1iles. and type the 1ollowin0: %# bill.tCt marty.tCt The output will loo5 somethin0 li5e this: 9omparin" %iles Lill.tCt and !arty.tCt \\\\\ Lill.tCt Way down Jouisiana #lose to New Orleans Way ba#' up in the woods amon" the ever"reens There stood a lo" #abin made o% earth and wood \\\\\ !arty.tCt Way down Jouisiana #lose to New Orleans Way ba#' up in the woods amon" the antihistamines There stood a lo" #abin made o% earth and wood \\\\\ or ea2h line or se;uen2e o1 lines that is 1ound to di11er in the two 1iles. fc)e"e prints out a pair o1 e>2erpts 1rom ea2h o1 the 1iles9 The 1irst and last line in ea2h e>2erpt are what the two 1iles have in 2ommon and are in2luded 1or 2onte>t9 The lines in between @only a sin0le line in this e>ampleA show the di11eren2es9 The report will in2lude one pair o1 e>2erpts 1or ea2h di11eren2e 1oundN i1 there are three non2onse2utive di11erin0 lines. there will be si> e>2erpts9 7ere are the options 1or Comp)e"e: file". file7 &pe2i1y the 1ilenames o1 the 1iles to 2ompare9 or any 1iles that aren't in the 2urrent dire2tory. you'll need to in2lude the 1ull path9 %1 file" in2ludes a wild2ard. all mat2hin0 1iles are 2ompared to file79 6i5ewise. i1 file7 in2ludes a wild2ard. ea2h mat2hin0 1ile is 2ompared to file"9 'oth parameters are re;uired9 ?a Display only 1irst and last lines 1or ea2h set o1 di11eren2es. as opposed to the de1ault o1 every di11erent line9 This option is only appli2able i1 a sin0le se;uen2e o1 di11erin0 lines @resultin0 in a sin0le e>2erpt pairA is three lines or lon0erN otherwise. /a has no e11e2t9 ?2 Disre0ards the 2ase o1 "&3%% 2hara2tersN upper( and lower2ase letters are treated as identi2al9 ?lb n &pe2i1y the ma>imum 2onse2utive mismat2hesN /l "> will list only the 1irst -< di11erin0 lines9 %1 omitted. the de1ault is -$$ ma>imum mismat2hes9 ?n

%n2lude line numbers in the report9 ?t ?w Preserve any tabs in the 1iles bein0 2ompared9 'y de1ault. tabs are treated as spa2es with - tab U = spa2es9 3ompress whitespa2e @tabs and spa2esA to a sin0le spa2e 1or 2omparison9 Possibly use1ul when 2omparin0 )html 1iles. as web browsers will eliminate redundant tabs in spa2es as well9 ?c)e"e normally s5ips 1iles mar5ed as Io11line9I &pe2i1y /offline @or simply /offA to in2lude o11line 1iles as well9 @&ee &yn2hroni4ation Mana0er. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on o11line 1iles9A &pe2i1y the number o1 2onse2utive lines that must mat2h a1ter a mismat2h9 or e>ample. i1 you spe2i1y /F. a mismat2hed line 1ollowed by / mat2hin0 lines. 1ollowed by one or more mismat2hed lines. is treated as thou0h it were a sin0le se;uen2e o1 mismat2hed lines in the report9 Treat the 1iles as "&3%% @plain te>tA9 &in2e ?u ?b Treat the 1iles as uni2ode te>t9 Treat the 1iles as binary and per1orm the 2omparison on a byte(by(byte basis @similar to comp)e"e. the other 1ile 2omparison utilityA9 %nstead o1 the pairs o1 e>2erpts e>plained above. di11erin0 bytes are displayed in parallel 2olumns9 " binary 2omparison is typi2ally only appropriate 1or 1iles o1 the same si4es. but unli5e comp)e"e. the 2omparison will still be per1ormed i1 they are di11erent si4es9 The / option 2an't be used in 2onGun2tion with any o1 the other options9

?o11line

?nnn

?l

/l is the de1ault. it has no e11e2t9

Notes
Windows XP a2tually 2omes with two 1ile 2omparison utilities. comp)e"e @dis2ussed in the previous se2tionA and fc)e"e @this oneA9 comp)e"e per1orms a 2hara2ter(by(2hara2ter 2omparison. but only displays di11eren2es i1 the 1iles are e>a2tly the same si4e9 fc)e"e per1orms a line(by(line 2omparison and wor5s re0ardless o1 the 1ile si4es9 or most users. fc)e"e will be the tool o1 2hoi2e. as it displays the di11eren2es between the 1iles and doesn't have any prompts. so it 2an be used 1rom a W&7 s2ript or bat2h 1ile9 ?c)e"e is most use1ul when 2omparin0 two di11erent. but similar. te>t 1iles9 or e>ample. you 2an 2ompare two Re0istry pat2hes @sin2e )reg 1iles are plain te>t 1ilesA made at two di11erent times to see what 2han0es have been made9 &ee 3hapter = 1or more in1ormation on Re0istry Pat2hes9 "lthou0h fc)e"e 2an 2ompare two binary 1iles. i1 you try to 2ompare two word pro2essor do2uments @)doc and )wpd 1iles are binary 1ilesA. the results won't be terribly help1ul9 Try 2onvertin0 the do2uments to an "&3%%(based 1ormat. su2h as )rtf or )html. and then per1orm an "&3%% 2omparison9 Naturally. most modern word pro2essors have their own do2ument 2omparison tools. but they 2an o1ten be limitedN while word pro2essors may miss subtle 1ormattin0 2han0es. fc)e"e will 2at2h every sin0l e di11eren2e9

File 0xpansion +tilit$

\windows\system54\e"pand)e"e

!>tra2t one or more 2ompressed 1iles 1rom a 2abinet @)ca*A 1ile9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

e#pand

Usage
eCpand 1d source.#ab 01%/files2 eCpand 01r2 source.#ab 0destination2 eCpand 01r2 source.#ab 0destination2 eCpand source.#ab 1%/files destination

8escription
" 2abinet 1ile is a 2ompressed ar2hive 2ommonly used to pa25a0e appli2ation installation 1iles9 The ile !>pansion :tility is used to e>tra2t 1iles embedded in these 2abinet 1iles and ta5es the 1ollowin0 options: sour2e92ab The name o1 the 2abinet @)ca*A 1ile 1rom whi2h to e>tra2t the 1iles9 destination The name o1 the 1older in whi2h to pla2e the e>tra2ted 1iles. a new 1ilename to use 1or the e>tra2ted 1iles. or a 2ombination o1 the two9 %1 usin0 the -f option. destination is mandatory and must in2lude a 1ilename @with or without wild2ardsA9 (d Display @listA the 2ontents o1 the spe2i1ied 2abinet 1ile9 (r &pe2i1y -r @re2ursiveA without destination to e>tra2t all the 1iles 2ontained in the spe2i1ied 2abinet 1ile9 or e>ample: eCpand 1r pa#'a"e.#ab &pe2i1y -r alon0 with destination to rename the 1iles a22ordin0 to the 1ile spe2i1i2ation in2luded in destination9 or e>ample. the 1ollowin0 e>tra2ts all the 1iles in package)ca* and renames their 1ile e>tensions to )t"t: eCpand 1r pa#'a"e.#ab \.tCt (1: files :se the -f option to spe2i1y one or more 1iles to e>tra2tN use this i1 you don't want to e>tra2t all the 1iles 1rom the 2abinet 1ile9 or e>ample. the 1ollowin0 e>tra2ts the 1ile uno)t"t 1rom package)ca*: eCpand pa#'a"e.#ab 1%/uno.tCt uno.tCt Note that the destination parameter is mandatory when usin0 the -f option and is used to spe2i1y the tar0et 1ilename9 %n this e>ample. as well as most times this pro0ram will be used. files and destination will be the same9

Notes
The easiest method 1or e>tra2tin0 1iles 1rom 2abinets is to simply double 2li25 the )ca* 1ile in !>plorer and then dra0 the desired 1ile@sA out9 &in2e e"pand)e"e is a 2ommand(line pro0ram. it is better suited 1or use with W&7 s2ripts and bat2h 1iles9

%t 2an also be used when installin0 or repairin0 Windows XP when !>plorer isn't available9

See '(so
3abinet @3"'A Ma5er. &ystem 3on1i0uration :tility

File and ettings (rans#er )i*ard

\windows\system54\usmt\migwiA)e"e

7elps you trans1er 1iles and settin0s 1rom one 2omputer to another9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams Wi4ard 3ommand Prompt "22essories &ystem Tools ile and &ettin0s Trans1er

,windows,s$stem67,usmt,miBwi5

8escription
The ile and &ettin0s Trans1er Wi4ard is a step(by(step 0uide that wal5s you throu0h the pro2ess o1 trans1errin0 your personal do2uments. 2ontents o1 your avorites 1older. %nternet !>plorer and Outloo5 !>press settin0s. Des5top and display pre1eren2es. dial(up 2onne2tions. and other settin0s 1rom one 2omputer to another @see i0ure ,(/#A9 The wi4ard is intended to assist the mi0ration o1 these 1iles and settin0s 1rom an IoldI 2omputer to a InewI 2omputer. but 2ould be used to dupli2ate a 2on1i0uration a2ross several 2omputers Gust as easily. or even to assist you in up0radin0 your hard dis59 9ig&re 7-2,+ The 9i(e and Settings Transfer "izard he(ps o& migrate o&r persona( doc&ments and preferences to a ne# comp&ter

The 1irst ;uestion the wi4ard as5s is whether the 2omputer bein0 used is the Inew 2omputerI @the ma2hine to re2eive the 1iles and settin0sA or the Iold 2omputerI @the ma2hine on whi2h the 1iles and settin0s are 2urrently storedA9 "lthou0h you 2an be0in the pro2ess 1rom either 2omputer. it ma5es more sense to start o11 1rom the old 2omputer @unless the old 2omputer is not runnin0 Windows XPA9 %1 you 2hoose IOld 3omputer.I the ne>t step is a 2hoi2e between the 1ollowin0: Direct ca*le " dire2t 2able 2onne2tion uses a 2able. 2ommonly 5nown as a null modem 2able or 6ap6in5 2able. to 2onne2t two 2omputers 1or the purpose o1 the trans1er o1 data9 "lthou0h it's mu2h 2heaper to set up than a networ5. the speed is 0la2ial by 2omparison9 Bome or small office network This option uses a Mi2roso1t Windows peer(to(peer networ5 to trans1er data between the two ma2hines9 Note that this 2hoi2e may be disabled i1 another Windows XP system is not 1ound on the networ5 or i1 the networ5 does not have all the re;uired proto2ols installed9 %1 this option is unavailable. you 2an still utili4e your networ5 usin0 IOther.I below9 ?loppy dri.e or other remo.a*le media %1 you have a 4ip drive. writable 3D drive. writable DBD drive. removable hard dis5. or some other removable 2artrid0e drive. the wi4ard will pla2e the ne2essary 1iles on the media 1or later use on the new ma2hine9 Note that either the tar0et @newA 2omputer must also have the same drive or you'll need to trans1er the drive to the new system9 9ther :se this option to simply spe2i1y a path in whi2h to pla2e the 1iles9 This 2an be a networ5 path. a path to a removable drive. or a 1older on your hard dis59 %1 you 2hoose INew 3omputer.I the ne>t step is a 2hoi2e between the 1ollowin0: I want to create a WiAard Disk &ele2t this option to use your 1loppy drive to trans1er the wi4ard pro0ram to the old 2omputer. whi2h is use1ul i1 the old 2omputer is runnin0 earlier version o1 Windows9 The wi4ard wor5s on Windows *)?*=?Me. Windows NT ,9$. Windows #$$$. and Windows XP9 I already ha.e a WiAard disk This option simply ;uits the wi4ard and instru2ts you to use the wi4ard dis5 you already have on the old 2omputer9 I ll use the wiAard from the Windows XP CD This option also ;uits the wi4ard and instru2ts you how to use the wi4ard lo2ated on the Windows XP installation 3D on the old 2omputer9 I don t need the WiAard disk This is the only option o1 the 1our on this pa0e that is used i1 you've already run the wi4ard on the old 2omputer. as it will simply prompt you to lo2ate the 1iles and settin0s that have been pa25a0ed by the wi4ard9 On2e you've 2hosen an option. 1ollow the prompts on the s2reen to 2omplete the pro2ess9

Notes
Naturally. you 2an simply use !>plorer and an a2tive networ5 2onne2tion or removable drive to trans1er the 1iles manually9 urthermore. usin0 2are1ully sele2ted re0istry pat2hes. you 2an trans1er many Windows settin0s and 1iles 1rom one ma2hine to another9 While this wi4ard will ma5e the mi0ration o1 do2uments. and espe2ially settin0s. pretty easy. it may not end up bein0 as 1le>ible or 2omplete as a manual mi0ration9 "nother option is to use 'a25up @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA to trans1er some or all o1 your 1iles 1rom one system to another9

Finger

\windows\system54\finger)e"e

Display in1ormation about a user a22ount9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

finBer

Usage
%in"er 01l2 0user20(host2

8escription
The in0er 2lient uses a standard proto2ol to retrieve publi2ly available in1ormation 1rom any networ5ed 2omputer9 6et's say you want to 1ind out about a username IWoodrowI on your own systemN you would simply type: %in"er woodrow in0er a22epts the 1ollowin0 options: user The username you wish to ;uery9 Omit to list all the users 2urrently lo00ed in on the spe2i1ied host9 Jhost The tar0et ma2hine 2ontainin0 the user a22ount@sA you wish to ;uery9 Omit to ;uery the lo2al ma2hine @lo2alhostA9 0l Displays in1ormation in a lon0 list 1ormat The 1in0er proto2ol has been around 1or lon0 time and is supported by all versions o1 Windows NT. Windows #$$$. Windows XP. :ni>. &olaris. and other plat1orms9 The output 1rom a in0er re;uest varies widely @i1 you 0et a response at allAN it depends on the operatin0 system runnin0 on the spe2i1ied host and the spe2i1i2 settin0s imposed by that ma2hine's administrator9 in0er. when it wor5s. 2ommonly retrieves a report that loo5s somethin0 li5e this: Jo"in/ woodrow Name/ Aordie .owe Dire#tory/ 5usr5lo#al5home5woodrow ;hell/ 5bin5#sh Never lo""ed in. New mail re#eived !on O#t * ,F/F: ,--* 6PDT7 ]nread sin#e Wed Nov ,- **/:= *EE? 6PDT7 No Plan. "lthou0h most the in1ormation in2luded in this simple report is sel1(evident. the last line ma5es mention o1 a plan9 The plan is a te>t 1ile to be shown when one's a22ount is 1in0ered9 %t mi0ht 2ontain 2onta2t in1ormation. o11i2e hours. personal statisti2s. or anythin0 else the user wants9 My plan 1ile. 1or e>ample. has several o1 my 1avorite ;uotes. in2ludin0 my 1avorite poem by Robert 3reeley. I% Know a Man9I

Notes
The in0er daemon is the servi2e responsible 1or respondin0 to 1in0er re;uests9 This servi2e is disabled by de1ault. but 2an be enabled or otherwise 2on1i0ured usin0 the servi2es 2omponent o1 the Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole9 Note that enablin0 the servi2e on your 2omputer may pose a

se2urity ha4ard. allowin0 outsiders to 0ain some in1ormation about one or more users on your system9 "s more users and administrators be2ome se2urity savvy. you'll 1ind 1ewer o22asions when a 1in0er re;uest a2tually 0ets a response9 Typi2ally. you'll re2eive a I2onne2tion re1usedI messa0e9

Folder Options

3ontrol the way 1olders appear in !>plorer and 2on1i0ure 1ile type asso2iations9

To Open
3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK Windows !>plorer Tools older Options 3ommand Prompt control folders older Options

8escription
The older Options window has 1our tabs: 7eneral O1 the three settin0s on this pa0e. the one that may not be entirely sel1( e>planatory is the Tas5s se2tion @see i0ure ,(//A9 Mi2roso1t has removed the hi0hly 2riti2i4ed Web Biew 1ound in earlier versions o1 Windows and added an optional 1eature 2alled 3ommon Tas5s9 When enabled. a 2ommon tas5s pane appears alon0 the le1t side o1 1older listin0s in !>plorer and sin0le(1older windows. whi2h 2ontains in1ormation and lin5s related to the 2urrently sele2ted 1older9 Those new to Windows mi0ht appre2iate the e>tra in1ormation. althou0h advan2ed users will probably pre1er to turn o11 3ommon Tas5s to redu2e s2reen 2lutter9 9ig&re 7-22+ 'mong other things3 the Henera( ta: (ets o& t&rn off the common tasks pane sho#n in man sing(e fo(der #indo#s

O1 note in the 3ommon Tas5s pane is the 1eature to turn on or o11 the 2ate0ory view in 3ontrol Panel @2overed earlier in this 2hapterA. an otherwise unavailable settin09 9ig&re 7-27+ 0an settings that affect the disp(a of fo(ders and fi(es are (ocated in the 9o(der Options- Vie# ta:

/iew

"1ter you've sele2ted all your pre1eren2es in the Deneral and Biew tabs. as well as !>plorer's Biew menu. 2li25 "pply to "ll olders to ma5e your settin0s the de1ault9 Otherwise. all your settin0s will be lost as soon as you swit2h to a di11erent 1older @see i0ure ,(/,A9 The "dvan2ed settin0s here are a2tually ;uite important. as many o1 their de1ault values 2an a2tually end up ma5in0 Windows more di11i2ult to use9 Many o1 these settin0s are sel1(e>planatoryN some o1 the more interestin0 ones are as 1ollows: Display the simple folder .iew in !"plorer s ?olders list This rather oddly named option simply shows or hides the dotted lines shown in the 2ollapsible 1older tree @see Trees in 3hapter /A in Windows !>plorer9 The de1ault is on. but i1 turned o11. the tree appears more li5e it did in earlier versions o1 Windows9 %n my opinion. the lines ma5e the tree a little 2learer and easier to use. so % re2ommend turnin0 this option o119 Display the contents of system folders Turn this option on to eliminate the warnin0 that appears when you attempt to view the 2ontents o1 2ertain 1olders. su2h as C+\ and \Windows9 The de1ault is o119 Display the full path in the Address %ar C title*ar 'y de1ault. both o1 these settin0s are disabled. whi2h. to me. is utterly ba11lin09 or e>ample. when viewin0 the 1older. c+\Documents and Settings\%u**a\Documents\Stuff in Windows !>plorer. only I&tu11I will appear in the titlebar and "ddress 'ar9 This 2an be e>tremely 2on1usin0. espe2ially when you also have a d+\Additional ?iles\Fatest\Stuff 1older9 % stron0ly re2ommend enablin0 both I1ull pathI options9 Bidden files and folders Windows does not show hidden 1iles by de1ault in !>plorer9 3han0e this option i1 you need to a22ess hidden 1ilesN see "ttrib. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or details on hidden 1iles9 Bide e"tensions for known file types %n one o1 Mi2roso1t's bi00est blunders. this option has been turned on. by de1ault. sin2e Windows *)9 &ee the dis2ussion o1 the ile Types tab. below. 1or why it should be turned o119 Faunch folder windows in a separate process Turn on this option to start a new instan2e o1 the Windows !>plorer appli2ation every time you open a new 1older window9 "lthou0h this ta5es sli0htly more memory. it means that i1 one !>plorer window 2rashes. they won't all 2rash9 $emem*er each folder s .iew settings %1 this option is enabled and you use !>plorer's Biew menu to alter the display o1 a parti2ular 1older. those settin0s will be saved with that 1older 1or the ne>t time it's opened9 %1 you're loo5in0 1or a way to save your Biew settin0s as the de1ault 1or all 1olders. this option won't do it M instead. use the "pply to "ll olders button @see i0ure ,(/,A9 -se Simple ?ile Sharing Despite the IRe2ommendedI note here. it is stron0ly re2ommended that this option be disabled 1or se2urity purposes9 &ee 3hapter < 1or more in1ormation on sharin0 resour2es over a networ59 ?ile ,ypes The term file types des2ribes the 2olle2tion o1 asso2iations between do2uments and the appli2ations that use them @see i0ure ,(/)A9 or e>ample. Windows 5nows to run Notepad when you double(2li25 on a 1ile with the )t"t e>tension9 6aun2hin0 the 2orre2t pro0ram 1or a parti2ular 1ile be0ins with 1ile e>tensions. the letters @usually threeA that 1ollow the period in most 1ilenames9 or e>ample. the e>tension o1 the 1ile $eadme)t"t is )t"t. si0ni1yin0 a plain te>t 1ileN the e>tension o1 $esume)wpd is )wpd. si0ni1yin0 a

do2ument 2reated in WordPer1e2t9 'y de1ault. Windows hides the e>tensions o1 re0istered 1ile types in !>plorer and on the Des5top. but it's best to have them displayed @turn o11 the I7ide e>tensions 1or 5nown 1ile typesI option under the Biew tabA9 ile e>tensions allow you to easily determine what 5ind o1 1ile you're dealin0 with @be2ause i2ons are almost never des2riptive enou0hA9 They also allow you to 2han0e Windows' per2eption o1 the type o1 a 1ile by simply renamin0 the e>tension9 Note that 2han0in0 a 1ile's e>tension doesn't a2tually 2han0e the 2ontents or the 1ormat o1 the 1ile. only how Windows intera2ts with it9 'y hidin0 1ile e>tensions. Mi2roso1t hoped to ma5e Windows easier to use M a plan that ba251ired 1or several reasons9 'e2ause only the e>tensions o1 re0istered 1iles are hidden. the e>tensions o1 1iles that aren't yet in the ile Types database are still shown9 What's even more 2on1usin0 is that. when an appli2ation 1inally 2laims a 2ertain 1ile type. it 2an appear to the ine>perien2ed user as thou0h all o1 the old 1iles o1 that type have been renamed9 %t also 2reates a I5nowled0e 0apI between those who understand 1ile types and those who don't9 @Try tellin0 someone whose 2omputer still has hidden e>tensions to 1ind $eadme)t"t in a dire2tory 1ull o1 1iles9A Other problems have arisen. su2h as tryin0 to di11erentiate !"cel)e"e and !"cel)"ls in !>plorer when the e>tensions are hiddenN one 1ile is an appli2ation and the other is a do2ument. but they may have the same i2on9 9ig&re 7-2=+ The 9i(e T pes ta: (ets o& change the associations :et#een doc&ments and the programs that open them

%n the ile Types window. all re0istered 1ile e>tensions and their des2riptions are shown in the list9 7ere's how to 2ustomi4e a 1ile type: -9 &ele2t the desired 1ile type 1rom the list and 2li25 "dvan2ed9 @The 3han0e button only displays the limited Open With dialo0 bo>9A 8ou 2an sort the entries by 1ilename e>tension or 1ile type des2ription to ma5e any 0iven 1ile type easier to 1ind9 #9 Keep in mind that some 1ile types may be 2laimin0 more than one e>tension9 or e>ample. the )htm and )html e>tensions are most li5ely asso2iated with the same 1ile type9 %1 you are editin0 su2h a 1ile type. it won't matter whi2h e>tension you sele2t9

/9 The "2tions list bo> 2ontains a list o1 the 2ustomi4able 2onte>t menu items9 !a2h one has a name and a 2ommand line @the appli2ation 1ilename 1ollowed by 2ommand(line parameters. i1 appli2ableA9 " typi2al 2ommand line @the one 1or the )t"t 1ile typeA mi0ht loo5 li5e this: notepad /p SA"S9 This line tells Windows to laun2h Notepad with the /p parameter @see Notepad. later in this 2hapterA when you double(2li25 on a )t"t 1ile9 The A" is where you want Windows to insert the name o1 the 2li25ed 1ile. and is a2tually optional9 7owever. the ;uotation mar5s. whi2h ensure 2ompatibilty with any spa2es in the 1ilenames. are not used by de1ault in WindowsN i1 you want to be able to double(2li25 on any 1ile with a spa2e in its 1ilename. add SA"S to the end o1 the 2ommand line here9 %1 you double(2li25ed on a 1ile 2alled stuff)t"t. lo2ated in the 1older. e+\things. this 1ile type a2tion would result in the 1ollowin0 2ommand bein0 e>e2uted: notepad /p Se/,thinBs,stuff.t#tS9

=. &ome a2tions have dynami2 data e>2han0e @DD!A 2ommands. whi2h

are used only by 2ertain appli2ations M you probably won't have to bother with this settin09 8ou 2an also 2han0e the i2on 1or all the 1iles o1 a parti2ular type by 2li25in0 3han0e i2on9 &ee %2ons in 3hapter / 1or more in1ormation9 )9 The bold item is the de1ault a2tion. also shown in bold at the top o1 the 2onte>t menu9 %1 there's no bold item. and there1ore no de1ault. double(2li25in0 a 1ile o1 that type will do nothin09 To ma5e Ino a2tionI the de1ault. you'll have to delete the 2urrent de1ault @boldA a2tion9 %1 you don't want to remove any a2tions. Gust add a new. temporary a2tion. ma5e it the de1ault. and then delete it9 +9 3li25 OK when you're done9 The 2han0es should ta5e e11e2t immediatelyN your Des5top and any open !>plorer or sin0le(1older windows will automati2ally re1resh within a 1ew se2onds9 9ffline ?iles &ee &yn2hroni4ation Mana0er. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on O11line iles9

Notes
"ll o1 the settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel. Windows !>plorer

Font /iewer

\windows\system54\font.iew)e"e

Display a preview and summary o1 any supported 1ont 1ile9

To Open

3ontrol Panel

onts

Double(2li25 any 1ont 1ile

Usage
%ontview 05p2 filename

8escription
ont Biewer is most easily used by double(2li25in0 on a 1ont 1ile @see i0ure ,(/+A9 8ou 2an view any 1ont 1ormats normally supported by Windows XP. in2ludin0 TrueType 1onts @)ttfA. bitmap 1onts @)fonA. and Type - 1onts @)pfmA9 %n addition to the 1ont name and summary in1ormation displayed at the top o1 the report. a preview o1 the 1ont is shown with the 1ull alphabet in upper( and lower2ase. the 1ull set o1 numbers. a 1ew symbols. and the phrase Ithe ;ui25 brown 1o> Gumps over the la4y do09 -#/,)+<=*$I in several di11erent si4es9 9ig&re 7-2>+ 8o&:(e-c(ick an font fi(e to vie# a previe# (ike this

To run ont Biewer 1rom the 2ommand line. you must spe2i1y the 1ull path and 1ilename o1 the 1ont 1ile. in2ludin0 its e>tension @su2h as )fon or )ttf A9 To send the report to the printer. use the /p option @whi2h is the same as 2li25in0 the print button in the ont Biewer windowA9

Notes
Windows XP typi2ally 5eeps its installed 1ont 1iles in \Windows\?onts. whi2h is most easily a22essible by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel onts9 ile Biewer 2an also be used to view 1onts be1ore they're installed. simply by double(2li25in0 them in !>plorer9 "lthou0h "dobe Type - 1onts are a2tually stored in the 1ont binaries @)pf*A. ont Biewer wor5s only with the1ont metri2s @)pfmA9 ont Biewer does not display every 2hara2ter in the 1ont. only the prede1ined subset des2ribed above9 To display every 2hara2ter in the 1ont. use 3hara2ter Map9 @7owever. 3hara2ter Map only wor5s on installed 1onts9A

See '(so
onts older. 3hara2ter Map

Fonts Folder

Displays all the installed 1onts9

To Open
3ontrol Panel
J,K

ontsJ,K

&ee 3ontrol Panel. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or in1ormation on 1indin0 1onts usin0 the 3ontrol Panel in 3ate0ory Biew9

3ommand Prompt 3ommand Prompt

control fonts

e#plorer ,windows,fonts

8escription
The onts 1older is merely a 1older on your hard dis5 @spe2i1i2ally. \Windows\fontsA9 7owever. when viewed in !>plorer. it's 2on1i0ured to display a list o1 installed 1onts instead o1 a list o1 the 2ontents o1 the 1older9 @The two aren't ne2essarily the same thin09A &ele2t Biew Details 1or more the most use1ul listin0. whi2h. amon0 other thin0s. allows you to mat2h up a 1ont name with the 1ile in whi2h it's stored @see i0ure ,(/<A9 9ig&re 7-2@+ The 8etai(s vie# of the 9onts fo(der sho#s the re(ationships :et#een o&r font names and font fi(enames

Ri0ht(2li25 a 1ont 1ile and sele2t Properties to see bun2h o1 additional in1ormation pertainin0 to the 1ont. su2h as hintin0 and 1ont smoothin0 properties. 2opyri0ht in1ormation. 1ont vendor in1ormation. and whether su2h 1onts 2an be embedded9

To view a preview o1 an installed 1ont. Gust double(2li25 its nameN see ont Biewer. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation9 To delete a 1ont. delete it as you'd delete any 1ile @press the Del 5ey or dra0(drop it into the Re2y2le 'inA9 To install a 1ont @as lon0 as it's one o1 the supported typesA. Gust dra0(drop it into the ?onts 1older9 &upported type1a2e 1ormats in2lude TrueType @)ttfA. "dobe Type @)pfm and )pf*A. OpenType @also 5nown as TrueType v#A. and u0ly old raster 1onts @)fonA used in early versions o1 Windows9

Notes
%1 a 1ont 1ile i2on has a short2ut arrow @see &hort2uts in 3hapter /A. it means the 1ont is installed. but not a2tually stored in the \Windows\?onts 1older9 :nli5e some earlier versions o1 Windows. Windows XP 2omes with built(in support 1or "dobe Type - 1onts. so a produ2t li5e "dobe Type Mana0er is no lon0er needed9 The Biew 6ist onts by &imilarity 1eature. while a 0ood idea in prin2iple. rarely provides any use1ul in1ormation9 %1 you're sharin0 do2uments with other users. you may need to send them 2opies o1 the 1ont 1iles you've used as well9 %1 you dra0(drop the desired 1iles 1rom the 1onts 1older onto. say. your Des5top. ma5e sure to hold the 3trl 5ey @or dra0 with the ri0ht mouse button and sele2t 3opy 7ereA so the 1ont 1ile is 2opied and not moved @whi2h would uninstall itA9 Keep in mind that some 1onts are 2ommer2ial produ2ts and 2opyin0 them 2onstitutes so1tware pira2y and 2opyri0ht violation9 :se a pro0ram li5e "dobe "2robat @not the 1ree reader appli2ation. but the 1ull version available at http:??www9adobe92om?A to share do2uments without havin0 to share the 1onts used9 %1 the onts 1older appears to be displayin0 an ordinary list o1 1iles rather than the spe2iali4ed 1ont listin0. it 2an be 1i>ed with Twea5:% @see "ppendi> DA9 "ny non(1ont 1iles. that. 1or whatever reason. have been stored in the onts 1older. will not show up at all. nor will they appear in any sear2h results9 To display a normal listin0 o1 the 1iles in the onts 1older. use the dir 2ommand in the 3ommand Prompt @&ee 3hapter +9A Thousands o1 1reeware 1onts are available 1or download on the %nternet. 1rom su2h sites as http:??www9p21onts92om? and http:??www9mi2roso1t92om?typo0raphy?9 8ou 2an also 2reate your own 1onts with an appli2ation li5e onto0rapher @http:??www9ma2romedia92om?A9 onts 1or i2ons. menus. and other s2reen elements are sele2ted by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK Display "ppearan2e tab9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

ForceDO

\windows\system54\forcedos)e"e

or2e a misbehavin0DO& appli2ation to run in M&(DO& mode9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

forcedos

Usage
%or#edos 05d dire#tory2 %ilename 0parameters2

8escription
:se the or2eDO& utility when Windows XP 1ails to re2o0ni4e a DO& pro0ram and is unable to start or run it reliably9 or2eDO& a22epts the 1ollowin0 options: 1ilename The 1ilename o1 the e>e2utable to laun2hN in2lude the 1ull path i1 ne2essary9 ?d director$ :se the /d option to spe2i1y the wor5in0 dire2tory. ne2essary 1or many DO& pro0rams that a22ess 1iles9 <arameters &pe2i1y any parameters here to be passed on to the laun2hed pro0ram9

Format

\windows\system54\format)com

Prepare1loppy dis5ettes. hard dis5s. and some removable media 1or use9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

format.com

Usage
%ormat volume 05&2 05#2 05C2 05v/label2 05%s/%ile1system2 05a/siDe2

8escription
'e1ore data 2an be stored on a 1loppy dis5. hard dis5. or many removable media dis5s @li5e Fip dis5sA. the dis5 must be 1ormatted9 This pro2ess 2reates various low( level data stru2tures on the dis5. su2h as the 1ilesystem @ "T. "T/#. NT &. et29A9 %t also tests the dis5 sur1a2e 1or errors and stores bad se2tors in a table that will 5eep them 1rom bein0 used9 %1 there's any data on the dis5. it will be erased9 The options 1or ormat are: volume The drive letter. 1ollowed by a 2olon. 2ontainin0 the media to be 1ormatted9 or e>ample. to 1ormat the 1loppy in drive A+. type: %ormat a/ %1 the spe2i1ied drive is a hard dis5. you'll be prompted to veri1y that you a2tually want to erase the dis59

?; Per1orms a I;ui25I 1ormat. a pro2ess that only wipes out the 1ile table. resultin0 in an empty dis59 This option does not 2he25 1or bad se2tors. nor does it rewrite the 1ilesystem9 "lso. it does not write over data on the dis5. meanin0 that 1iles 2ould potentially be re2overed or Iundeleted9I The advanta0e o1 the /C option is that you 2an erase a dis5 in a 1ew se2onds9 ?2 ?> iles 2reated on the new volume are 2ompressed by de1ault @NT & volumes onlyA9

or2es the volume to dismount 1irst. i1 ne2essary9 "ll opened handles to the volume would no lon0er be valid9 This e11e2tively dis2onne2ts the drive 1rom !>plorer and all other pro0rams. 2losin0 any open 1iles stored on the drive. be1ore any 2han0es are made9 ?v: la el &pe2i1ies the volume label. an arbitrary title you assi0n to any dis59 %t 2an be up to -- 2hara2ters and 2an in2lude spa2es9 The volume label will show up ne>t to the drive i2ons in !>plorer @hard dis5s onlyA and at the top o1 dir listin0s @see "ppendi> 3A9 &ee 6abel. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation9 %1 the /v option is omitted. or the label isn't spe2i1ied. a prompt 1or a volume label is displayed a1ter the 1ormattin0 is 2ompleted9 %1 a label is spe2i1ied with /v and more than one dis5 is 1ormatted in a session. all dis5s will be 0iven the same volume label9 ?1: si5e &pe2i1ies the si4e o1 the 1loppy dis5 to 1ormat @su2h as -+$. -=$. /#$. /+$. <#$. -9#. -9,,. #9==A9 format si4e @spe2i1ied with the /f optionA must be e;ual to or less than the 2apa2ity o1 the dis5 drive 2ontainin0 the dis5 to be 1ormatted9 or e>ample. a -9,,M' 2apa2ity drive will 1ormat a <#$K dis5. but a <#$K drive will not 1ormat a -9,,M' dis59 ?1s: files$stem &pe2i1ies the type o1 the 1ilesystemN 2an be fat. fat67. or ntfs9 ?a: si5e Overrides the de1ault allo2ation unit si4e. whi2h. when multiplied by the number o1 2lusters. e;uals the 1inal 2apa2ity o1 the dis59 "llowed values 1or si5e depend on the 1ilesystem: NT & supports )-#. -$#,. #$,=. ,$*+. =-*#. -+K. /#K. and +,K9 "T and "T/# supports )-#. -$#,. #$,=. ,$*+. =-*#. -+K. /#K. +,K. @and -#=K and #)+K 1or se2tor si4e W )-# bytesA9 Note that the "T and "T/# 1ilesystems impose the 1ollowin0 restri2tions on the number o1 2lusters on a volume: o o "T: Number o1 2lusters XU +).)#+ "T/#: +).)#+ X Number o1 2lusters X ,.-<<.*-=

NT & 2ompression is not supported 1or allo2ation unit si4es above ,$*+9

Notes
The /f. /t. and /n parameters are also available 1or use with ormat. but are essentially obsolete9 Type format /? 1or more in1ormation9

%1 1ormattin0 an ordinary /9)I 1loppy dis5ette. the dis5 will always be 1ormatted to a 2apa2ity o1 -9,,M'9 The DM dis5ette 1ormat. whi2h s;uee4es about -9<M' on a standard 1loppy. is not dire2tly supported by ormat9 %1 1ormattin0 a pre(1ormatted DM dis5ette. use the /C parameter to preserve the 1ormat and only erase the 1iles9 To 2reate new DM dis5ettes. you'll need the Win%ma0e utility @Bersion #9# or laterA. whi2h 2an be downloaded 1rom http:??www9annoyan2es9or09 The easiest way to 1ormat a dis5 is to ri0ht(2li25 on the drive i2on in !>plorer or My 3omputer and sele2t ormat9 7owever. usin0 ormat 1rom the 2ommand line is more 1le>ible. and in some 2ases. 1aster9

See '(so
"T to NT & 3onversion :tility. 6abel

FreeCell

\windows\system54\freecell)e"e

" solitaire 2ard 0ame. 2onsidered by many users to the more addi2tive than traditional &olitaire @Klondi5eA9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt Dames ree3ell

freecell

8escription
ree3ell is a solitaire 2ard 0ame @see i0ure ,(/=A. but is played di11erently 1rom the traditional Klondi5e 0ame @see &olitaire. later in this 2hapterA9 The obGe2t o1 the 0ame is to move all the 2ards to the home 2ells9 9ig&re 7-2A+ Some peop(e :& their comp&ters F&st to get the 9reeCe(( game

6i5e Klondi5e. 2ards are rearran0ed by pla2in0 2ards o1 des2endin0 value and alternatin0 2olor @the , o1 2lubs 2an be pla2ed on the ) o1 hearts or the ) o1

diamondsA9 3li25 a 2ard to hi0hli0ht it and 2li25 another 2ard to move the hi0hli0hted 2ard9 Multiple 2ards 2an be moved. but only those that are arran0ed a22ordin0ly9 3ards 2an also be moved to one o1 the 1our I1ree 2ells.I temporary stora0e slots that 1ill up 1ast9 ree3ell is somewhat li5e a 2ross between Klondi5e and the Towers o1 7anoi pu44le9

Notes
%n ree3ell. 2ards are not dealt randomly9 Rather. there are /#.$$$ distin2t numbered 0ames. ea2h representin0 a di11erent predetermined deal o1 the 2ards9 "22ordin0 to the help. I%t is believed @althou0h not provenA that every 0ame is winnable9I %n 1a2t. it has been proven that 0ame V--*=# is indeed not winnable9

See a(so
&olitaire. &pider &olitaire

F(&

\windows\system54\ftp)e"e

ile Trans1er Proto2olN trans1er 1iles between two 2omputers. typi2ally a2ross the %nternet9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

ftp

Usage
%tp url %tp 01v2 01d2 01i2 01n2 01"2 01s/%ilename2 01a2 01A2 01w/siDe2 0host2

8escription
TP is used to trans1er 1iles to and 1rom a remote 2omputer. typi2ally on the %nternet9 6i5e many %nternet appli2ations. TP is a 2lient appli2ation that re;uires a 2orrespondin0 TP server to wor59 When you start TP. you are 2onne2tin0 to a remote host and then issuin0 2ommands to instru2t the host to send or re2eive 1iles. display dire2tory listin0s. and so on9 "lthou0h ea2h TP session re;uires a username and password. there's a very 2ommon wor5around that allows anonymous 2onne2tions9 Typi2ally. one enters anon$mous as the username and an email address @or. 1ran5ly. any bo0us te>tA as the password to lo0 in @assumin0 anonymous a22ess is allowed on the server at allA9 On2e you've lo00ed in. 2ommands are issued by typin0 in the promptN the 2omplete list o1 TP 2ommands is do2umented later in this se2tion9 The e>2eption is when TP is run in nonintera2tive mode usin0 the url option9 3ommand(line parameters 1or TP are as 1ollows: url " web(style address @ :R6A to a spe2i1i2 1ile lo2ated on an anonymous TP server. whi2h loo5s somethin0 li5e this: %tp/55server.#om5path5%ile

host

%1 you spe2i1y a 2omplete :R6. TP will download the 1ile and then ;uit automati2ally. rather than 0oin0 into intera2tive mode9 &pe2i1y the hostname or %P address o1 the remotehost @serverA to whi2h to 2onne2t9 %1 omitted. it 2an be entered on2e TP has started by usin0 the open 2ommand9 !>ample: %tp %tp.mi#roso%t.#om Note the 2ommon ftp. pre1i>. while not mandatory with TP. is merely a hostname that si0ni1ies a spe2i1i2 ma2hine. o1ten solely devoted to servin0 TP re;uests9 &uppress the display o1 remote server responses to 2ommands M use1ul i1 you're runnin0 TP 1rom a s2ript9 &uppress auto(lo0in upon initial 2onne2tion9 To 2onne2t. you'll need to use the user 2ommand on2e TP is runnin09 Turn o11 intera2tive promptin0 durin0 multiple 1ile trans1ers when usin0 the mBet and mput TP 2ommands9 !nable debu00in0. displayin0 all TP 2ommands passed between the 2lient and server @1or troubleshootin0 purposesA9

(v (n

(i

(d (0

(s:

(a ("

Disable 1ilename 0lobbin0. whi2h permits the use o1 wild2ard 2hara2ters in lo2al 1ile( and pathnames9 @&ee the TP Blo 2ommand9A filename &pe2i1y an TP s2ript. a plain te>t 1ile 2ontainin0 se;uential TP 2ommands. one per line9 The 2ommands are issued as thou0h they were typed at the 5eyboard9 :se any lo2al inter1a2e when establishin0 a 2onne2tion9

6o0in as anonymous @note 2apital "A9 This is the same as lo00in0 in normally and manually typin0 in anon$mous as the username and an email address as the password9 (w: si5e Override the de1ault trans1er bu11er si4e o1 ,$*+9 3han0e only i1 you en2ounter per1orman2e problems9 Note that you 2an start TP without any 2ommand(line parameters to enter intera2tive mode. but you won't be able to use most o1 the 2ommands until you lo0 in with the open 2ommand @see belowA9

9TP commands
The 1ollowin0 list shows the 2ommands available on2e TP is runnin09 Most re;uire that a 2onne2tion has been established and not all will wor5 with every TP server9 The most important 2ommands to 5now are put. Bet. mput. mBet. cd. lcd. dir. and $e9 %1 you are trans1errin0 binary 1iles a2ross plat1orms @1rom a :ni> host to a Windows(based 2lient. 1or e>ampleA. be sure to use the inar$ 2ommand 1irst. or the 1iles may be 2orrupted in transit9 O J commandK Run the spe2i1ied 2ommand @e909. cdA on the lo2al 2omputer. as thou0h you temporarily Gumped out o1 TP. ran a 2ommand. and then Gumped ba25 in M all without dis2onne2tin09 Naturally. you 2ould Gust open a se2ond 2ommand prompt window. but some 2onte>tual 2ommands. su2h as cd @see "ppendi>

3A re;uire the use o1 the Q 2ommand to be e11e2tive9 Type Q by itsel1 to start a mini(DO& session in whi2h you 2an type multiple 2ommandsN type EII+ to return to the a2tive TP session9 H J commandK &ame as help9 append "ppend a lo2al 1ile to a 1ile on the remote 2omputer9 as2ii &et the 1ile trans1er type to "&3%% @plain te>tA. the de1ault @e>2ept in nonintera2tive modeA9 "&3%% mode is the de1ault and is use1ul i1 you're trans1errin0 plain te>t 1iles between :ni> and Windows systems. as minor translation must be per1ormed on these types o1 1iles9 Note that this translation 2an 2orrupt binary 1iles. so you should use the inar$ 2ommand i1 you're not trans1errin0 "&3%% 1iles9 bell Turn on or o11 the beep a1ter ea2h 1ile trans1er 2ommand is 2ompleted9 'y de1ault. the bell is o119 binary &et the 1ile trans1er type to binary. a 2ru2ial step 1or trans1errin0 nonte>t 1iles @su2h as )Aip. )gif. and )docA between :ni> and Windows(based ma2hines9 "lthou0h it's not ne2essary i1 the server is also a Windows system. it's a 0ood idea to 0et into the habit o1 typin0 inar$ @or simply inA every time you use TP9 Note that binary is the de1ault in nonintera2tive mode. when used with the url 2ommand(line parameter9 &ee also ascii9 bye !nd the TP session. and i1 ne2essary. dis2onne2t 1rom the remote 2omputer9 The standard DO& e"it and Huit 2ommands won't wor5 here9 2d J director$K 3han0e the wor5in0 dire2tory on the remote 2omputer @to cd on the lo2al ma2hine. use Q cd or lcdA9 2lose Dis2onne2t 1rom the remote 2omputer without e>itin0 TP9 :se open to 2onne2t to a di11erent TP server or $e to e>it TP9 debu0 To00le debu00in09 When debu00in0 is on. ea2h internal 2ommand sent to the remote 2omputer is displayed. pre2eded by the strin0 ---L9 'y de1ault. debu00in0 is o119 delete remote(file Delete a 1ile on the remote 2omputer9 Only a sin0le 1ile 2an be deleted at a time with delete @no wild2ards are allowedAN use mdelete to delete multiple 1iles at on2e9 dir Display a list o1 the 2ontents o1 the wor5in0 dire2tory on the remote 2omputer. with details9 :se ls 1or a simple listin09 O22asionally. dire2tory listin0s 1or anonymous users may be disabled. in whi2h 2ase dir will not wor5N i1 you wish to download. you'll need to 5now the parti2ular 1ilename@sA be1orehand9 dis2onne2t &ame as close9 0et remote(file J local(fileK Trans1er remote(file 1rom the server to the lo2al ma2hine9 %1 local(file is not spe2i1ied. the lo2al 1ile will be 0iven the same name as the ori0inal9 The 1ile will be pla2ed in the lo2al wor5in0 dire2toryN to 2hoose a di11erent destination. use lcd9 Only a sin0le 1ile 2an be downloaded at a

time with Bet @no wild2ards are allowedAN use mBet to delete multiple 1iles at on2e9 %1 trans1errin0 binary @nonte>tA 1iles. use the inar$ 2ommand 1irst9 0lob To00le 1ilename I0lobbin09I Dlobbin0 permits use o1 wild2ard 2hara2ters in lo2al 1ile or pathnames9 'y de1ault. 0lobbin0 is on9 Dlobbin0 2an also be disabled with the -B 2ommand(line parameter9

hash

Turn on or o11 TP's 2rude pro0ress bar 1or 1ile trans1ers9 " hashmar5 @VA 2hara2ter is displayed 1or ea2h #5 o1 data trans1erred. so lar0e 1iles will have lon0er pro0ress bars than small 1iles9 'y de1ault. hashmar5 printin0 is o119 help J commandK Display all the available 2ommands9 %n2lude command to 0et help with a sin0le 2ommand @e909. help BetA9 &ame as ?9 l2d J director$K 3han0e the wor5in0 dire2tory on the lo2al 2omputer9 !nter a 1ull path as dire2tory @e909. c+\downloadsA to e11e2tively instru2t TP to pla2e downloaded 1iles there9 Omit dire2tory to simply display the 2urrent wor5in0 dire2tory9 'y de1ault. the wor5in0 dire2tory is in use when TP is started is usedN i1 TP is opened 1rom &tart Run. the wor5in0 dire2tory is c+\documents and settings\DusernameE9 literal command(line &end so(2alled IarbitraryI 2ommands to the remote TP server @su2h as retr. stor. pasv. and portA9 " sin0le TP reply 2ode is e>pe2ted in return9 Typi2al use o1 TP does not involve usin0 literal. but it 2an provide a22ess to some advan2ed 1un2tionsN amon0 the more interestin0 is the ability to trans1er 1iles between two remote 2omputers without havin0 to 1irst trans1er them to the lo2al ma2hine9 ls Display an abbreviated list o1 a remote dire2tory's 1iles and subdire2tories9 This is use1ul when a dire2tory 2ontains a lot o1 1iles9 Type ls -" @or use dirA to show the Ilon0I listin0. in2ludin0 1ile details9 O22asionally. dire2tory listin0s 1or anonymous users may be disabled. in whi2h 2ase ls will not wor5N i1 you wish to download. you'll need to 5now the parti2ular 1ilename@sA be1orehand9 mdelete J filesK Delete multiple 1iles on remote 2omputers9 :nli5e delete. wild2ards 2an be used @e909. -.t#t 1or all )t"t 1ilesA9 mdir remote(files local(file &tore a listin0 o1 the remote wor5in0 dire2tory's 2ontents @with detailsA into a 1ileN both parameters are re;uired9 The remote(files parameter is used to modi1y the listin0. either by spe2i1yin0 a wild2ard @use - to list all 1ilesA or by spe2i1yin0 the name o1 another dire2tory9 local(file is the tar0et 1ilename in whi2h the dire2tory listin0 is stored9 m0et remote(files Trans1er one or more remote 1iles to the lo2al 2omputer9 :nli5e Bet. wild2ards 2an be used @e909. -.t#t 1or all )t"t 1ilesA9 8ou will be as5ed to 2on1irm ea2h trans1er unless you turn o11 promptin0 with the prompt 2ommand9 6o2al 1iles will be 0iven the same names as their remote 2ounterparts9 %1 trans1errin0 binary @nonte>tA 1iles. use the inar$ 2ommand 1irst9 m5dir director$ 3reate a remote dire2tory9 Note that anonymous users are usually not permitted to 2reate dire2tories on remote systems9 mls remote(dir local(file

&ame as mdir. e>2ept that a short listin0 @no detailsA is stored9 local(files Trans1er one or more lo2al 1iles to the remote 2omputer9 :nli5e put. wild2ards 2an be used @e909. -.t#t 1or all )t"t 1ilesA9 8ou will be as5ed to 2on1irm ea2h trans1er unless you turn o11 promptin0 with the prompt 2ommand9 Remote 1iles will be 0iven the same names as their lo2al 2ounterparts9 %1 trans1errin0 binary @nonte>tA 1iles. use the inar$ 2ommand 1irst9 open hostname or I< address 3onne2t to the spe2i1ied TP server9 This is the same as spe2i1yin0 a server in the TP 2ommand lineN use open i1 you omitted the host parameter9 Open 2an be used whenever there's no 2urrent 2onne2tion. either i1 you dis2onne2ted usin0 disconnect or close or i1 the initial 2onne2tion attempt was unsu22ess1ul9 prompt Turn on or o11 promptin0 1or multiple 1ile trans1ers9 When you use the mput or mBet 2ommands. TP will prompt you be1ore trans1errin0 ea2h 1ile9 'y de1ault. prompt is turned onN type prompt be1ore usin0 mput or mBet to trans1er multiple 1iles without bein0 prompted9 put local(file J remote(fileW Trans1ers local(file 1rom the server to the lo2al ma2hine9 %1 remote(file is not spe2i1ied. the remote 1ile will be 0iven the same name as the ori0inal9 The 1ile will be pla2ed in the remote wor5in0 dire2toryN to 2hoose a di11erent destination. use cd9 Only a sin0le 1ile 2an be uploaded at a time with put @no wild2ards are allowedAN use mput to delete multiple 1iles at on2e9 %1 trans1errin0 binary @nonte>tA 1iles. use the inar$ 2ommand 1irst9 pwd Print Wor5in0 Dire2tory @PWDA displays the remote wor5in0 dire2toryN use cd to 2han0e to a di11erent remote dire2tory9 ;uit !nd the ftp session with the remote 2omputer and e>it ftp9 ;uote J command(lineK &ame as literal9 re2v remote(file J local(fileK &ame as Bet9 remotehelp J commandK Display help 1or remote 2ommands supported by the server9 This is probably similar to the 2ommands available on the 2lient. but may not be identi2al9 "s with ? and help. supplyin0 no ar0uments returns a list o1 2ommand names9 :se remotehelp command to 0et more in1o on ea2h 2ommand9 rename from(name to(name Rename a remote 1ile9 Note that anonymous users are usually not permitted to rename 1iles on remote systems9 rmdir remote(director$ Delete a remote dire2tory9 Note that anonymous users are usually not permitted to delete dire2tories on remote systems9 send local(file J remote(fileK &ame as put9 status Display the 2urrent status o1 the 2onne2tion and the 2urrent settin0s o1 options li5e prompt. ver ose. and asciiT inar$9 tra2e mput

Turn on or o11 pa25et tra2in0. whi2h displays the route o1 ea2h pa25et when e>e2utin0 an TP 2ommand9 'y de1ault. trace is o119 type J t$peK Display whether trans1ers are per1ormed in inar$ or ascii mode9 :se t$pe inar$ @or Gust inar$A to trans1er binary 1iles9 user username J passwordK &pe2i1y the username on the remote 2omputerN i1 no password is spe2i1ied. you will be prompted 1or one9 Typi2ally. TP prompts 1or the username and password when a 2onne2tion is 1irst establishedN however. i1 you type an in2orre2t username and password. you 2an try a0ain with the user 2ommand without havin0 to re2onne2t9 verbose Turn on or o11 verbose mode9 %1 ver ose is on @the de1aultA. all TP responses are displayed. su2h as when a 1ile trans1er 2ompletes and any statisti2s re0ardin0 the e11i2ien2y o1 the trans1er9

6!amp(es
To 2opy the 1ile preface)doc 1rom the dire2tory Cpu*Cnutshell on a remote 2omputer to \temp\docs on your lo2al 2omputer. on2e you're lo00ed on to a server. you would per1orm the 1ollowin0 1rom the DO& prompt @note that cd within ftp is 1or the remote 2omputerA: 9/KQcd temp docs 9/KtempKdo#sQftp remote_computer username password %tpQbinar! %tpQcd 'pub'nutshell %tpQ2et preface.doc Run a s2ript 2ontainin0 ftp 2ommands: 9/KQftp -s"m!file.scr This will load ftp and run myfile)scr. e>e2utin0 any ftp 2ommands in the 1ile9

Notes
Most web browsers support the ftp+CC proto2ol. whi2h provides limited TP 1un2tionality without havin0 to use an TP 2lient9 or e>ample. you 2an retrieve a sin0le 1ile 1rom an anonymous TP server by openin0 this address in any web browser: ftp+CCser.er)comCpathCfilename)e"t9 urthermore. you 2an spe2i1y a username and @optionallyA a password. li5e this: ftp+CCusername+passwordJser.er)comCpathCfilename)e"t9 &ome browsers will even let you upload 1iles when 2onne2ted to an TP server @assumin0 the server permits you to do soA9 %n Nets2ape ,9>. sele2t I:pload ileI 1rom the ile menu9 %n %nternet !>plorer. you 2an simply dra0( drop 1iles into an TP window as thou0h it were a 1older on your hard dis59 "ll ftp 2ommand names 2an be abbreviated to the 1irst 1our lettersN sometimes 1ewer9 %1 any nonoptional ar0uments are omitted 1rom most TP 2ommands. you'll be prompted 1or them9 When usin0 the Bet or mBet 2ommands. trans1erred 1iles will be pla2ed in whatever dire2tory was the wor5in0 dire2tory when you laun2hed TP9 On2e

an TP session has be0un. you 2an 2han0e the wor5in0 dire2tory with the lcd 2ommand: to swit2h 1rom the lo2al C+\ to the A+\ drive. 1or e>ample. you would type: 9/KQlcd a"' %n TP. to maintain 2onsisten2y with its :ni> herita0e. you must use the 1orward slash @?A instead o1 the ba25slash @RA when spe2i1yin0 pathnames9 urthermore. dire2tory and 1ilenames are 2ase sensitive when 2onne2tin0 to a :ni> TP serverN readme)t"t is a di11erent 1ile than $eadme),X,9 Many TP servers impose an Iidle timeoutI on TP 2onne2tionsN that is. i1 you open an TP 2onne2tion and let it sit 1or several minutes without typin0 any 2ommands. the TP server will dis2onne2t you9

4ame Controllers

3on1i0ure any Goysti25s. steerin0 wheels. and 0ame pads atta2hed to your system9

To Open
3ontrol Panel JPrinters and Other 7ardwareK 3ommand Prompt control To$.cpl Dame 3ontrollers

8escription
'e1ore a Goysti25 or other 0ame 2ontroller 2an be used with Windows(based 0ames. its driver must be installed here9 %1 your 0ame 2ontroller doesn't appear in this list. 2li25 "dd @see i0ure ,(/*A9 %1 your devi2e doesn't show up on the list and the manu1a2turer doesn't provide native Windows XP drivers. try 3ustom to set up a rudimentary 2on1i0uration 1or the devi2e9 9ig&re 7-2.+ "indo#s s&pports man t pes of Fo sticks3 gamepads3 steering #hee(s3 and f(ight okes for o&r games

Notes
Not all 0ame 2ontrollers have settin0s that 2an be 2han0ed. so the Properties button may be 0rayed out9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

4roup &olic$ 'e#resh +tilit$

\windows\system54\gpupdate)e"e

Re1resh 0roup poli2ies and settin0s9 @Droup Poli2y Re1resh :tility is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
3ommand Prompt

Bpupdate

Usage
"pupdate 05tar"et2 05%or#e2 05wait2 05lo"o%%2 05boot2 05syn#2

8escription
Type Bpupdate at the 2ommand prompt to re1resh 0roup poli2y settin0s9 The Droup Poli2y Re1resh :tility a22epts the 1ollowin0 options: ?tar0et:2omputer or ?tar0et:user Re1resh only user or only computer poli2y settin0sN by de1ault. both are re1reshed9 ?1or2e

Reapply all poli2y settin0s M by de1ault. only poli2y settin0s that have 2han0ed sin2e the last re1resh are applied9 ?wait: value Wait a spe2i1ied number o1 se2onds 1or poli2y pro2essin0 to 1inish be1ore bein0 returned to the 2ommand prompt9 The de1ault is +$$ se2ondsN spe2i1y ; @4eroA not to wait at all. or " @oneA to wait inde1initely9 ?lo0o11 6o0 o11 the 2urrent user a1ter the Droup Poli2y settin0s have been re1reshed9 ?boot Restart Windows a1ter the Droup Poli2y settin0s have been re1reshed9 ?syn2 3ause the ne>t 1ore0round poli2y appli2ation @o22urrin0 at 2omputer startup and user lo0onA to be done syn2hronously9 %1 /s$nc is spe2i1ied. /force and /wait parameters will be i0nored9

,earts

\windows\system54\mshearts)e"e

" 2ard 0ame played with three opponents9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt Dames 7earts

mshearts

8escription
7earts is a tri25(based 0ame. li5e &pades or Wi4ardTM. but the obGe2t is to have the lowest s2ore at the end o1 ea2h hand9 The online help tells you how to play the 0ame and provides strate0y and tips @see i0ure ,(,$A9 9ig&re 7-71+ 5earts (ets o& p(a the c(assic card game against artificia( opponents or other peop(e on o&r net#ork

Notes
Normally. the obGe2t o1 7earts is to sti25 your opponents with as many points @heartsA as possible9 7owever. i1 one player ta5es all the points in a hand. it's 2alled Ishootin0 the moonI: that player 0ets 4ero points and everyone else 0ets #+ points9 %n previous versions o1 Windows. 7earts was a networ5 0ame that allowed you to play a0ainst other players on a networ59 This 1un2tionality has been removed 1rom the Windows XP(version o1 7eartsN however. a new version o1 the 0ame. %nternet 7earts. has been added9

,elp and upport Center

\windows\pchealth\helpctr\*inaries\helpctr)e"e

The primary online do2umentation 1or Windows XP9

To Open
&tart 7elp and &upport 3ommand Prompt helpctr

8escription
Rather than a standard help 1ile. 7elp and &upport 3enter is more li5e a web site. providin0 do2umentation 1or some o1 the 2omponents in2luded in Windows XP. a

2olle2tion o1 tips and tri25s. some troubleshootin0 in1ormation. and rudimentary wal5(throu0hs 1or su2h tas5s as 5eepin0 your 2omputer up to date and addin0 hardware and so1tware @see i0ure ,(,-A9 9ig&re 7-7*+ The search too( in the 5e(p and S&pport Center sho#s the most re(evant information in the inc(&ded doc&mentation and in 0icrosoft-s on(ine kno#(edge :ase

While 7elp and &upport 3enter does have some minimal troubleshootin0 2ontent. it's mostly simple solutions to 2ommon problems @i9e9. i1 you 2an't print. 2he25 to see i1 your printer is turned on and is loaded with paperA9 7owever. i1 you're 2onne2ted to the %nternet. the &ear2h tool at the top o1 the window will also sear2h the Mi2roso1t Knowled0e 'ase. an immense database o1 troubleshootin0 in1ormation. 1re;uently as5ed ;uestions. bu0 reports. 2ompatibility lists. and other te2hni2al support issues9 %n 1a2t. sin2e % a22ess the Mi2roso1t K' 1re;uently. % 1ind this built(in inter1a2e to be 1aster and more 2onvenient then usin0 the sear2h 1un2tion on Mi2roso1t's web siteO To view the results 1rom sear2hes other than the standard help 2ontent. 2li25 the 0ray bar above or below the displayed results @in the 2ase o1 the K'. you would simply 2li25 Mi2roso1t Knowled0e 'aseA9 This is a terri1i2 1eature and 2an even be 2ustomi4ed by 0oin0 to Options &et sear2h optionsN you may want to in2rease the de1ault o1 -) results per provider @the Mi2roso1t K' 2ounts as a providerA9

Notes
%1 your Gob des2ription involves supportin0 other 2omputers. in2ludin0 those runnin0 other versions o1 Windows. the 7elp and &upport 3enter 2an be au0mented with do2umentation 1rom other editions o1 Windows XP by 0oin0 to Options %nstall and share Windows 7elp9 urthermore. you 2an share your help 2ontent with others 1or pre2isely the same reason9 rom time to time. you'll 1ind an espe2ially use1ul pa0e in the 7elp and &upport 3enter window. either part o1 Windows' built(in do2umentation or a pa0e on Mi2roso1t's support web site9 When available. 2li25 the "dd to avorites button to boo5mar5 the pa0e you're viewin0N then. open avorites @not the same as your main avorites 1olderA and 2li25 the boo5mar5 at any time to return to that pa0e9

%1 you need help with a spe2i1i2 Windows 2omponent. su2h as WordPad or !>plorer. use that appli2ation's 7elp menu. rather than the more 0eneral 7elp and &upport 3enter9

,$per(erminal

\Program ?iles\windows nt\hypertrm)e"e

Terminal a22ess to remote 2omputers. typi2ally via a modemN also a substitute 1orTelnet9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories 3ommuni2ations 7yperTerminal

h$pertrm

8escription
With 7yperTerminal and a modem. you 2an 2onne2t to a remote 2omputer that supports terminal a22ess. sends and re2eives 1iles. and so on9 7yperTerminal is use1ul 1or 2onne2tin0 to 2omputer bulletin boards @popular in the -*<$s and '=$sAN however. this type o1 terminal a22ess has lar0ely been repla2ed by the %nternet9 When 7yperTerminal is 1irst started @or when you use ile NewA. it prompts you to name your 2onne2tion and 2hoose an i2on. the 1irst o1 two steps ne2essary to initiate a 2onne2tion9 The name is arbitrary and 2an be anythin0N it's really use1ul only i1 you intend to save your 2onne2tion settin0s 1or use at a later time. but you have to enter somethin0 to pro2eed9 Ne>t 2omes the 3onne2t To dialo09 The 1irst option you should set is ironi2ally the last one: in the 3onne2t usin0 list. 2hoose either T3P?%P @Winso25A to initiate a session over your %nternet 2onne2tion. or 2hoose a 3OM port @usually 3OM-A to use your modem @i1 installedA9 %1 you 2hoose T3P?%P. 7yperTerminal will be used as a Telnet 2lient @see Telnet. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormationA. and you'll be as5ed 1or a 7ost address @server name or %P addressA and a Port number @use 76 1or normal Telnet a22essA9 %1 you 2hoose a 3OM port. you will be prompted 1or an area 2ode and phone number used to pla2e the subse;uent phone 2all9 %1 the Phone number 1ield is disabled. the sele2ted 3OM port either doesn't have a modem atta2hed to it or your modem is not properly set up9 On2e you've established a 2onne2tion. 7yperTerminal is merely a portal throu0h whi2h you 2an type 2ommands and view in1ormation9 The spe2i1i2 2ommands and in1ormation depend on the type o1 2onne2tion you're usin0 and what the host 2omputer supports9 "ll the options in 7yperTerminal deal with mana0in0 2onne2tion pro1iles @saved as )ht 1ilesA and 2on1i0urin0 the display @e909. 2hoosin0 1onts. 2olors. et29A9 The trans1er menu is used to help trans1er 1iles with the remote 2omputer and is used only with terminal a22ess9 To trans1er 1iles with 2omputers a22essed with Telnet. use TP9

Notes
or support and up0rades to 7yperTerminal. 0o to http:??www9hil0raeve92om?9

"0xpress

\windows\system54\ie"press)e"e

3reate a sel1(e>tra2tin0?sel1(installin0 pa25a0e. used to distribute 1iles and install appli2ations9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

ie#press

Usage
ieCpress.eCe 05n 05&2 05m22 file 05o/overide file,section2

8escription
" sel1(e>tra2tin0?sel1(installin0 pa25a0e is a2tually an appli2ation. 2ommonly 5nown as an installer or setup pro0ram. that is used to install one or more 1iles onto a Windows system and. optionally. to e>e2ute a setup s2ript9 %!>press is an intera2tive pro0ram that helps you 2reate these pa25a0es. ma5in0 it easy to. amon0 other thin0s. distribute 1iles to other 2omputers @see i0ure ,(,#A9 9ig&re 7-7,+ The I6!press "izard (ets o& package &p a co((ection of fi(es for eas distri:&tion

&ay you wish to put to0ether a 2olle2tion o1 do2uments that 2an be sent to another user. either via email. or by usin0 a 1loppy dis5 or 3D9 Rather than simply sendin0 the 1iles separately or 2ompressin0 them into a )Aip 1ile. both o1 whi2h would re;uire additional instru2tions. not to mention a reasonably 5nowled0eable and patient re2ipient. you 2an ma5e a 1ull(1eatured. pro1essional(loo5in0 installer with %!>press9 When you start %!>press. the %!>press Wi4ard 0uides you throu0h the steps to 2reatin0 a sel1(e>tra2tin0 pa25a0e9 The 1irst step prompts 1or a &el1 !>tra2tion Dire2tive @)sedA 1ile. a 1ile that 2ontains all the options and 1iles to in2lude9 %1 you don't have one. sele2t I3reate new &el1 !>tra2tion Dire2tive 1ileI and 2li25 Ne>t9 The ne>t pa0e. IPa25a0e purpose.I as5s what you want the installer to do with the 1iles on the tar0et 2omputer when the pa25a0e is opened by its re2ipient9 %1 you sele2t the 1irst option. I!>tra2t 1iles and run an installation 2ommand.I the 1iles will be 2opied to a temporary 1older and a separate installer pro0ram that you provide will be laun2hed9 %1 you don't have a separate installation pro0ram. 2hoose I!>tra2t

1iles onlyI and 2li25 Ne>t9 The last option. I3reate 2ompressed 1iles only.I is used by appli2ation developers to assist in the distribution o1 appli2ation 2omponents and is o1 little use to most users9 The subse;uent steps allow you to spe2i1y a pa25a0e title. type wel2ome and I1inishedI messa0es. and even in2lude a li2ense a0reement9 When you rea2h the IPa25a0ed 1ilesI pa0e. use the "dd button to sele2t one or more 1iles to be in2luded in the pa25a0eN you 2an 2hoose as many 1iles as you li5e. and they 2an be any 1ormat9 %n 1a2t. %!>press will 2ompress the 1iles so that they ta5e up less spa2e @li5e )Aip 1ilesA9 Then. %!>press will as5 you to spe2i1y a pa25a0e name. whi2h is the path and 1ilename o1 the pa25a0e @)e"eA to be 2reated9 %!>press will also optionally save your 2hoi2es into a &el1 !>tra2tion Dire2tive @)sedA 1ile. ma5in0 it easy to re2reate this pa25a0e without havin0 to answer all the above prompts a0ain9 When the pro2ess is 2omplete. you'll end up with a new )e"e 1ile that 2an then be run on any Windows system9 This pa25a0e 2an now be emailed. TP'd. distributed on a 3D a 1loppy. or even posted on a web siteN the re2ipient won't need any spe2ial tools or elaborate instru2tions to e>tra2t the 1iles 1rom the pa25a0e9 %!>press also has an automated. nonintera2tive mode 1or advan2ed users who wish to s5ip the somewhat 2umbersome wi4ard inter1a2e and instead. 2reate a pa25a0e usin0 the 1ollowin0 2ommand line parameters: file The 1ull path and 1ilename o1 a &el1 !>tra2tion Dire2tive @)sedA 1ile9 %1 you don't have a )sed 1ile. you'll have to use the wi4ard inter1a2e to 2reate one9 ?n 'uild pa25a0e now @file must be spe2i1iedA9 %1 you omit /n. %!>press will open in the intera2tive wi4ard inter1a2e9 ?; Cuiet mode @no promptsAN used only with /n9 ?m :se minimi4ed windowsN used only with /n9 ?o Override9 %1 you've already 2reated a )sed 1ile @say. c+\stuff\thing)sedO. and you wish to 0enerate the 2orrespondin0 pa25a0e without wal5in0 throu0h the wi4ard or bein0 bothered with any prompts. type the 1ollowin0 at a 2ommand prompt: ieCpress 5n 5& #/Kstu%%Kthin".sed The 1ilename o1 the resultin0 pa25a0e will be as spe2i1ied in the )sed 1ile9

Notes
&el1 !>tra2tion Dire2tive @)sedA 1iles are Gust plain te>t 1iles. similar in 1ormat to 3on1i0uration iles @)iniA. and 2an be edited with a plain te>t editor. su2h as Notepad9 The easiest way to 0et started with )sed 1iles is to use the %!>press Wi4ard to 2reate one and then edit @i1 ne2essaryA to suit your needs9

See '(so
3abinet @3"'A Ma5er

"nternet Backgammon

\program files\msn gaming Aone\windows\*ckgAm)e"e

&ee M&N Damin0 Fone9

"nternet Checkers

\program files\msn gaming Aone\windows\chkrAm)e"e

&ee M&N Damin0 Fone9

"nternet 0xplorer

\program files\internet e"plorer\ie"plore)e"e

" web browser used to view web 2ontent9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams %nternet !>plorer :se the %nternet !>plorer i2on on the Des5top or on the Cui256aun2h Toolbar 3ommand Prompt ie#plore

Usage
ieCplore 01nohome2 0url2

8escription
%nternet !>plorer @%!A is a 1ull(1eatured web browser that 2an be used to navi0ate the web. as well as view web 2ontent on your lo2al networ5 or hard drive9 Web 2ontent is typi2ally in the 1orm o1 web pa0es @)htmlA. but 2an also be ima0es @)gif and )>pgA. TP sites. or even streamin0 video or audio @via the Windows Media PlayerA @see i0ure ,(,/A9 9ig&re 7-72+ Internet 6!p(orer >+1 is the defa&(t #e: :ro#ser in "indo#s $P

Navi0ation in %! is a22omplished by 2li25in0 hyperlin5s in web pa0es or by typin0 addresses in %!'s "ddress 'ar9 re;uently visited sites 2an be Iboo5mar5edI by 2reatin0 %nternet &hort2uts @similar to Windows &hort2utsA. stored in your avorites 1older. your Des5top. or anywhere else on your hard dis59 :se the 'a25 and Ne>t buttons @"lt(le1t arrow and "lt(ri0ht arrow. respe2tivelyA to navi0ate throu0h the history. whi2h is empty in ea2h new %! window that is opened9 :se the &top button @or press !&3A to stop the loadin0 o1 a pa0e. and use the Re1resh button @or press )A to reload the pa0e. displayin0 any 2han0es that mi0ht have been made or displayin0 an updated version o1 a dynami2ally 0enerated pa0e9 The 7ome button loads the 2urrently 2on1i0ured home page into the browser window9 The home pa0e is merely a short2ut to a sin0le web site and 2an be 2han0ed by 0oin0 to Tools %nternet Options9 inally. the Media button opens the Media !>plorer bar. a pane on the le1t side o1 the window that displays advertisin0 and entertainment 1rom Mi2roso1t's WindowsMedia92om site9 %1 you start %! 1rom the 2ommand line. you 2an use either o1 the 1ollowin0 options: (nohome &tart %! without loadin0 the home pa0e @blan5A9 8ou 2an also 2on1i0ure %nternet !>plorer to use a blan5 pa0e @about:blan5A as its homepa0e. e11e2tively 2ausin0 %nternet !>plorer to always start without loadin0 a home pa0e9 url The :ni1orm Resour2e 6o2ator M the address o1 a pa0e to load9 %1 you omit url. %! will display the home pa0e9 7ere are des2riptions o1 some o1 the 1eatures o1 %nternet !>plorer: Windows -pdate :pdates to %nternet !>plorer are 1re;uently made available on the Windows :pdate site9 The initial release o1 Windows XP 2omes with %nternet !>plorer +. but subse;uent versions will add support 1or new standards. new 1eatures. bu0 1i>es. and probably a 1ew new bu0s9 %1 up0radin0 to a new version. always ta5e advanta0e o1 the 1eature that saves the old system 1iles. allowin0 the new version to be uninstalled in 2ase you run into a problem or in2ompatibility9 AutoComplete %! has an auto2ompletion 1eature. whi2h en2ompasses several 1eatures to help redu2e typin09 While you're typin0 web addresses. %! 2he25s your browser history 1or any mat2hes and displays them below the "ddress 'ar9 The more 2hara2ters you type in the "ddress 'ar. the narrower the list o1 su00estions will be. until the list disappears9 To 2hoose a :R6 1rom the list.

Gust use the arrow 5eys on your 5eyboard and press !nter. or use your mouse9 8ou 2an also type an address without the http+CC pre1i>. the )com e>tension. and even www @i1 appli2ableA in your addresses. and the site will still be 1ound and loaded. as lon0 as the site is in the )com. 9edu. or 9org domain9 To add new domains to be in2luded in "uto3omplete. use the Re0istry !ditor to add them to %&E'()OC*)(0*C%I1E,SOF+2*RE,0icrosoft,Internet E#plorer,0ain,=rl+emplate @see 3hapter <A9 "uto3omplete 0oes 1urther to remember usernames. passwords. and even some 1orm data9 'e 2are1ul when havin0 %! IrememberI sensitive data. as others will be able to a22ess it as well9 or e>ample. don't store your ban5 P%N or 2redit 2ard number i1 others have a22ess to your 2omputer9 The "uto3omplete options 2an be 2on1i0ured by 0oin0 to Tools %nternet Options 3ontent "uto3omplete9 The "uto&ear2h 1eature e>tends "uto3omplete by allowin0 you to initiate web sear2hes @usin0 your 1avorite sear2h en0ineA 1rom the "ddress 'ar9 To use "uto&ear2h. start by typin0 a 5eyword into the "ddress 'ar @su2h as o5oA. and when &ear2h 1or Ibo4oI appears in the "uto3omplete bo>. 2li25 it9 To 2on1i0ure or disable "uto&ear2h. 0o to Tools %nternet Options "dvan2ed and 2hoose Desired Option 1rom the &ear2h rom the "ddress 'ar se2tion9 8ou may wish to e>periment with these settin0s until you 1ind one you 2an live with9 :nli5e Nets2ape + or Mo4illa. %! doesn't allow you to 2hoose the sear2h en0ine used to per1orm these sear2hesN %! 2an only use M&N sear2h @http:??sear2h9msn92omA9 9ffline ?iles 8ou 2an ma5e any entry in your avorites menu available o11line @when you're not 2onne2ted to the %nternetA by ri0ht(2li25in0 it and sele2tin0 the IMa5e available o11lineI option9 This laun2hes a wi4ard that wal5s you throu0h the 1ollowin0 options: -9 Ma5e other lin5ed pa0es available o11line9 %1 yes. 2hoose between and / lin5s deep. but be 2are1ul be2ause this 2an ta5e up a lot o1 dis5 spa2e9 #9 &ele2t syn2hroni4ation options9 The de1ault option allows syn2hroni4ation only when 2hosen 1rom the Tools menu9 8ou 2an 2reate your own s2hedule. whi2h will ta5e you to a dialo0 where you 2an set the syn2hroni4ation between - and ** days. set the time. and be 0iven the option to automati2ally 2onne2t i1 you aren't 2onne2ted to the %nternet9 /9 &et a password 1or syn2hroni4ation9 8ou 2an re;uire a password to be 0iven be1ore the site 2an be viewed o11line by enterin0 a username and password9 When you're ready to wor5 o11line @a 1ormal step that must be ta5en re0ardless o1 the status o1 your %nternet 2onne2tionA. sele2t ile Wor5 O11line9 8ou 2an then view any o1 your o11line pa0es 1rom the avorites 1older @they have the red dot on the 2orner o1 the i2onA9 To wor5 online a0ain. Gust sele2t ile Wor5 O11line a0ain9 &ee &yn2hroni4ation Mana0er later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation9 Cookies 3oo5ies. 1irst introdu2ed by Nets2ape. allow a web site to store spe2i1i2 in1ormation on your hard dis59 or e>ample. i1 you visit an online store that has a shoppin0 2art. that web site will be able to 5eep tra25 o1 who you are by storin0 one or more 2oo5ies on your 2omputer9 This allows thousands o1 people to simultaneously a22ess a site. yet have a separate and distin2t shoppin0 2art 1or ea2h user9 3oo5ies are o1ten the tar0et o1 priva2y

advo2ates. sin2e it's possible 1or web site administrators to use 2oo5ies to tra25 whi2h pa0es 2ertain visitors view at their site9 7owever. 2oo5ies are only available to the sites that assi0n them @a 2oo5ie de1ined at "ma4on92om 2annot be read by any other web siteA. so the a2tual ris5 is minimal9 8ou 2an adGust how %nternet !>plorer handles 2oo5ies by 0oin0 to Tools %nternet Options Priva2y tab9

Notes
%1 %! is the de1ault browser. you 2an also 0o to &tart Run and type any web address to open the pa0es that addressed in %!9 7owever. any browser 2an be set as the de1ault9 Typi2ally. durin0 installation o1 another browser. su2h as Nets2ape @http:??www9nets2ape92om?A. Mo4illa @http:??www9mo4illa9or0?A. or Opera @http:??www9opera92om?A. there will be an option to ma5e that browser the de1ault9 On2e one o1 these other browsers is installed. the pro2edure to ma5e them the de1ault varies9 %n %nternet !>plorer. 0o to Tools %nternet Options Pro0rams tab. and turn on the I%nternet !>plorer should 2he25 to see whether it is the de1ault browserI option9 Then. a1ter 2losin0 all open %nternet !>plorer Windows. open a new %nternet !>plorer windowN when prompted. veri1y that you try to ma5e %nternet !>plorer the de1ault9 Do to Tools %nternet Options @see %nternet Options. later in this 2hapterA to set the various options relatin0 to the display o1 web pa0es. se2urity on the %nternet. related %nternet appli2ations. and other. more te2hni2al %nternet(related settin0s9 "ll settin0s are 1ully do2umented in 3hapter )9 The orward and 'a25 buttons have a drop(down list 1eature @see i0ure ,( ,,A that lets you ;ui25ly Gump several sites 1orward or ba25ward. s5ippin0 over sites you don't want to load9

9ig&re 7-77+ The (ast fe# pages vie#ed can :e <&ick( accessed #ith the Back :&tton-s drop-do#n (ist

The 1iles that ma5e up web pa0es. )html 1iles. are simply plain te>t 1iles. and 2an be viewed or modi1ied with a plain te>t editor. su2h as Notepad9 %n 1a2t. i1 you sele2t Biew &our2e. %! will display the 2ode 1or the 2urrent pa0e in a new Notepad window97owever. i1 you're not 1amiliar with 7yperTe>t Mar5up 6an0ua0e @7TM6A 2ode. you 2an use any modern word pro2essor to 2reate and modi1y web pa0es9 Most %nternet &ervi2e Providers will even host your pa0es 1or you. e11e2tively 0ivin0 you your own web site9

When you type the name o1 a 1older on your hard dis5 into %!'s "ddress 'ar. the %! window will be repla2ed with a standard 1older window and the 2ontents o1 the 1older will be displayed9 6i5ewise. i1 you type an %nternet address into the "ddress 'ar o1 an !>plorer window or a sin0le 1older window. the window will be repla2ed with %! and the pa0e will load9 rom any web pa0e. you 2an sele2t the Tools &how Related 6in5s option. whi2h will open the &ear2h pane and 1ill it with a list lin5s 2ompiled by a 2entrali4ed database at http:??www9ale>a92om?9 %1 you 1ind the te>t si4e on any pa0e to be too small. 0o to Biew &i4e and enlar0e @or shrin5A the te>t si4e to your li5in09 Te>t

rom time to time. and dependin0 on the %nternet !>plorer 1eatures you use and the web sites you visit. you may be prompted to si0n up 1or a Mi2roso1t 9N!T Passport a22ount9 :n1ortunately. this has 2aused some 2on1usion amon0 many users9 " Passport a22ount is absolutely not re;uired 1or any 1eature o1 Windows. with the e>2eption o1 the M&N !>plorer and Windows Messen0er 2omponents9 Passport is an optional servi2e @and Mi2roso1t has been widely 2riti2i4ed 1or ma5in0 it appear otherwiseA9 :nless you wish to use M&N. Messen0er. or the 7otmail servi2e. you'll most li5ely have no use 1or a Passport a22ount9

See '(so
%nternet Options. Networ5 3onne2tions. Windows !>plorer

"nternet ,earts

\program files\msn gaming Aone\windows\hrtAAm)e"e

&ee M&N Damin0 Fone9

"nternet 'e!ersi

\program files\msn gaming Aone\windows\r.seAm)e"e

&ee M&N Damin0 Fone9

"nternet Options

3han0e the settin0s that a11e2t %nternet !>plorer and your dial(up %nternet 3onne2tion9

To Open

3ontrol Panel JNetwor5 and %nternet 3onne2tionsK 3ommand Prompt control inetcpl.cpl %nternet !>plorer Tools %nternet Options

%nternet Options

8escription
The %nternet Options dialo0 is a densely pa25ed dialo0 with about every 2on2eivable option 1or %nternet !>plorer9 &ettin0s are divided into the 1ollowin0 tabs: 7eneral The 7ome pa0e se2tion allows you to 2hoose the pa0e that loads automati2ally whenever an %nternet !>plorer window is opened. as well as the pa0e lin5ed to the 7ome button on the toolbar9 Temporary %nternet 1iles. also 5nown as your browser 2a2he. is a 1older on your hard dis5 that stores 2opies o1 re2ently visited web pa0es 1or ;ui25er a22ess the ne>t time they're visited9 The Temporary %nternet iles 1older is lo2ated at \Documents and Settings\DusernameE\Focal Settings\,emporary Internet ?iles by de1ault9 3oo5ies. a 1eature unrelated to Temporary %nternet 1iles. are pie2es o1 in1ormation stored on your 2omputer to allow 2ertain web sites to remember your identity or pre1eren2esN 2li25 Delete3oo5ies to 2lear all 2oo5ies stored on your 2omputer9 To sele2tively remove 2oo5ies. open the \Documents and Settings\DusernameE\Cookies 1older in Windows !>plorer9 &ee the Priva2y tab 1or more 3oo5ie settin0s9 %nternet !>plorer 5eeps tra25 o1 pa0es you've visited and displays lin5s to those pa0es in a di11erent 2olor @purple. by de1ault. as opposed to the standard blue 1or lin5s to pa0es you haven't yet visitedA9 %tems in your 7istory are also a22essed with the "uto3omplete 1eature dis2ussed in %nternet !>plorer. earlier in this 2hapter9 The 7istory se2tion 2ontrols how lon0 be1ore pa0es are removed 1rom %nternet !>plorer's history @see i0ure ,(,)A9 9ig&re 7-7=+ Internet Options- Henera( ta: (ets o& choose a defa&(t home page3 manage cookies3 and c(ear o&t o&r :ro#ser histor

The remainin0 buttons allow you to 2ontrol the de1ault 2olors. 1onts. and lan0ua0es with whi2h pa0es are shown9 The "22essibility button essentially limits the 2ontrol web pa0es have over their appearan2e9 Security 6ets you spe2i1y the se2urity settin0s 1or di11erent prede1ined 4ones o1 %nternet 2ontent9 There are 1our basi2 4ones: %nternet. %ntranet. Trusted. and Restri2ted9 'y de1ault. all sites are pla2ed into one o1 the 1irst two 4ones9 "ll sites 1ound on your lo2al networ5 are pla2ed into the %ntranet 4one9 "ll other sites are pla2ed into the %nternet Fone9 8ou 2an manually add sites to the Trusted and Restri2ted 4ones9 &e2urity settin0s 1or ea2h 4one are preset. but you 2an 2han0e these settin0s i1 you wish9 or ea2h 4one. you 2an spe2i1y 7i0h. Medium. 6ow. or 3ustom se2urity settin0s9 &e2urity settin0s 0overn su2h thin0s as whether "2tiveX 2ontrols. Eava applets. and Eava&2ript pro0rams are used. how 1iles are downloaded. and how user authenti2ation ta5es pla2e9 Pri.acy The Priva2y tab essentially 2ontrols when and how %nternet !>plorer a22epts 2oo5ies9 Play around with the slider to 2hoose between si> di11erent pre2on1i0ured priva2y poli2ies. or 2li25 "dvan2ed to 2hoose your own settin0s9 The Medium or 6ow poli2ies should be suitable 1or most users9 8ou 2an also 2li25 !dit in the Web &ites se2tion to sele2tively 2hoose whi2h web sites 2an store and retrieve 2oo5ies. and whi2h 2an not9 8ou 2an view the 2oo5ies 2urrently stored on your hard dis5 by openin0 the \Documents and Settings\DusernameE\Cookies 1older in Windows !>plorer9 Content The 3ontent tab 2ontains a number o1 1un2tions that allow you to 2ontrol what 2an and 2an't be viewed by %!9 Many o1 the 1eatures here are not widely used and still have a 1ew 5in5s to be wor5ed out9 Content Ad.isor 6ets you use an %nternet ratin0s servi2e to s2reen out potentially o11ensive 2ontent9 The 1irst time you use this 1un2tion. you will be as5ed to de1ine a supervisor(level password that will later be used to 2han0e any o1 the 2ontent ratin0s9 'y de1ault. the only 2ontent advisor installed is the Re2reational &o1tware "dvisory 3oun2il %nternet advisor @R&"3iA9 R&"3i depends on voluntary ratin0s by sites as to the amount o1 violen2e. nudity. se>. and pro1anity they 2ontain9 While this may seem silly. sites with potentially obGe2tionable 2ontent @su2h as porn sitesA are embra2in0 su2h Isel1(re0ulationI to 1orestall more strin0ent 0overnment re0ulation9 The ratin0 system is 1airly sel1(e>planatory M you 2hoose one o1 1our levels 1or ea2h o1 1our types o1 IobGe2tionableI 2ontent @6an0ua0e. Nudity. &e>. or Biolen2eAN by de1ault. every slider is set to the lowest level9 One problem with this system is that the browser e>pe2ts a ratin0 1rom every site and re;uires a password to a22ess sites with no ratin0s9 &in2e 1ew sites have R&"3i ratin0s. this 2an be2ome ;uite a hassle9 Ratin0s servi2es publish their ratin0s in 1iles o1 type )rat9 " sour2e 1or additional ratin0 servi2e 1iles is http:??www92lassi1y9or0?pi2s9htm9 Download the )rat 1ile 1or a 0iven servi2e. save it in \Windows\System. then 0o to the "dvan2ed tab Ratin0s &ystems button to add the ratin0s 1ile to the 3ontent "dvisor Ratin0s tab9 Certificates %t's 1airly easy 1or one site to mas;uerade as another9 Di0ital 2erti1i2ates. whi2h use 2rypto0raphy to 2reate uni;ue identi1iers that 2an't be 1or0ed. 2an be used by sites that want to prove their identity to you9 7ere. you 2an identi1y whi2h 2erti1i2ate authorities @2erti1i2ate issuersA you want to trust9 %1 %! re2eives a 2erti1i2ate by an authority it doesn't 5now about. it will either display a warnin0 or will not display the asso2iated web pa0e at all.

dependin0 on your settin0s here9 3ompanies sometimes sel1(2erti1y their pa0es. espe2ially in an %ntranet 2onte>t9 Personal Information Mi2roso1t Pro1ile "ssistant is used to store personal in1ormation. su2h as your name and email address. that is o1ten re;uired by 1orms on web sites9 Web sites that support the use o1 the Pro1ile "ssistant 2an automati2ally draw this in1ormation 1rom the assistant9 Ri0ht now. very 1ew sites ma5e 1ull use o1 the 1un2tionality provided by the Pro1ile "ssistant9 This may 2han0e in the 1uture. but 1or now. these tools 2an still be use1ul as Gust a 2onvenient lo2ation to store these types o1 in1ormation9 Due to priva2y 2on2erns. however. you may understandably not 1eel 2om1ortable doin0 this9 &ee %nternet !>plorer. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on the "uto3omplete 1eature9 Connections The 3onne2tions tab allows you to 2hoose to have your dial(up 2onne2tion dialed automati2ally9 %1 you're not usin0 a dial(up 2onne2tion. but rather usin0 D&6. 2able. or a dire2t 6"N 2onne2tion. most o1 this pa0e will be o1 no use to you9 The e>2eption is the 6"N &ettin0s dialo0. whi2h lets you 2on1i0ure your pro>y @i1 you have oneA9 %1 you have one or more dial(up 2onne2tions. they will be listed here9 %1 you have two or more 2onne2tions and you want to use the "uto Dial 1eature. 2hoose one and 2li25 &et De1ault9 Then. 2li25 either IDial whenever a networ5 2onne2tion is not presentI or I"lways dial my de1ault 2onne2tion.I whi2hever you pre1er9 &ele2t a 2onne2tion and then 2li25 &ettin0s "dvan2ed to 2hoose how many times Windows will dial be1ore 0ivin0 up and whether it should dis2onne2t automati2ally i1 it dete2ts that the 2onne2tion is no lon0er needed9 The &etup button starts the New 3onne2tion Wi4ard. dis2ussed later in this 2hapter9 &ee 3hapter < 1or more in1ormation on settin0 up new %nternet 2onne2tions9

%t's a bit dan0erous to use the automati2 idle dis2onne2t 1eature i1 you are usin0 %nternet appli2ations other than %!. sin2e %! doesn't re2o0ni4e a2tivity in other appli2ations @su2h as TelnetA9 This 2an 2ause 2onne2tions to 2lose une>pe2tedly9
Programs The settin0s in the Pro0rams tab let you 2hoose the de1ault pro0rams to use 1or sendin0 mail. readin0 %nternet news. pla2in0 %nternet 2alls. viewin0 2alendar s2hedulin0. and viewin0 2onta2t in1ormation @see i0ure ,(,+A9 or e>ample. i1 you 2li25 a ImailtoI lin5 in a web pa0e. %nternet !>plorer will a2tivate the email pro0ram spe2i1ied here9 %1 your 1avorite appli2ations don't appear in these lists. you may have to reinstall them or obtain updates 1rom the respe2tive manu1a2turers9 9ig&re 7-7>+ Choose the defa&(t emai( app(ication and #e: page editor #ith the Programs ta:

%1 the I%nternet !>plorer should 2he25 to see whether it is the de1ault browserI bo> is 2he25ed. any time you start up %! @as lon0 as it isn't already your de1ault browserA. it will as5 you whether you want to ma5e it your de1ault browser9 Thus. this settin0 is really Gust a short2ut to 2han0e 1ile?pro0ram asso2iationsN see 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK older Options ile Types tab9 :nless you're 1ond o1 what has 2ome to be 2alled Ina0ware.I % re2ommend leavin0 this bo> un2he25ed9 Ad.anced "dvan2ed 2ontains additional se2urity settin0s in a hierar2hi2al tree @see i0ure ,(,<A9 Many o1 these settin0s are rarely used and most are sel1( e>planatory9 :se1ul settin0s in2lude: 9ig&re 7-7@+ The 'dvanced ta: contains man settings that affect a(( aspects of #e: :ro#sing #ith Internet 6!p(orer

Notify when downloads complete Normally. a messa0e pops up when a download is 2omplete. interruptin0 whatever you are doin09 Disablin0 this 1eature is parti2ularly help1ul when you per1orm multiple downloads at on2e9 -se Smooth Scrolling &pe2i1ies whether a pa0e slides 0radually when you 2li25 the s2rollbar. a 1eature than 2an be espe2ially distra2tin09 -nderline Finks &pe2i1ies whether lin5s on pa0es should be underlined always. never. or only when you hover your mouse pointer over them9 #ultimedia Multimedia 2an be a 0reat part o1 the Web e>perien2e. but it 2an also slow down the delivery o1 web pa0es9 The multimedia se2tion lets you 2ontrol whether 2ertain multimedia elements. su2h as pi2tures. videos. and sounds. are downloaded 1or display9 Than51ully. all those aw1ul sounds in web pa0es 2an be silen2ed 1or 0oodO Printing !nables or disables the printin0 o1 ba250round 2olors and ima0es when you print a web pa0e9 Print speed 2an be in2reased 2onsiderably with this option disabled9 The settin0s that 2ontrol Eava. Eava&2ript @1ound under the "dvan2ed tab in some earlier versions o1 WindowsA. 2an be 1ound in &e2urity 3ustom 6evel9

Notes
"ll o1 the settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9 Only the settin0s in the 3onne2tions tab a11e2t your dial(up %nternet 3onne2tion @i1 you have oneA. whi2h a11e2ts all your %nternet appli2ations9 "ll the other tabs a11e2t only the %nternet !>plorer appli2ation9 &ettin0s that 2ontrol the se2urity and priva2y 1eatures o1 other browsers. su2h as Nets2ape orMo4illa. 2an be 1ound in those appli2ations' options windows9

See '(so

3ontrol Panel. %nternet !>plorer

"nternet pades

\program files\msn gaming Aone\windows\sh.lAm)e"e

&ee M&N Damin0 Fone9

5a!a CommandLine Loader

\windows\system54\>.iew)e"eI w>.iew)e"e

Run Eava pro0rams without usin0 a web browser9

To Open
3ommand Prompt 3ommand Prompt Tview

wTview

Usage
Nview 0options2 filename 0ar"uments2 wNview 0options2 filename 0ar"uments2

8escription
Eava is a pro0rammin0 lan0ua0e that allows developers to 2reate pro0rams that 2an run on any plat1orm. in2ludin0 Windows. :ni>. and Ma2O&9 &in2e Eava appli2ations @)class 1ilesA aren't 1ormal Windows pro0rams. they 2an't be opened by themselvesN rather. you must use the Eava 3ommand(6ine 6oader to run them9 The e>2eptions are so(2alled Eava applets. whi2h are Eava pro0rams in2luded in web pa0es and run internally by your web browser9 Windows XP 2omes with two Eava 2ommand(line loaders. >.iew)e"e and w>.iew)e"e9 'oth versions do the same thin0 and a22ept e>a2tly the same parameters @see belowA9 The di11eren2e is that >.iew)e"e is a 2ommand(line(based pro0ram and w>.iew)e"e is a Windows(based pro0ram9 The Eava 3ommand(6ine 6oader ta5es the 1ollowin0 options: classname The 1ull path and 1ilename o1 the )class 1ile to be e>e2uted9 ?a !>e2utes "ppletBiewer9 ?d:X nameWUX valueW De1ines a system variable to be used by the Eava pro0ram9 ?n X namespaceW The namespa2e in whi2h to run9 ?p Pauses be1ore terminatin0 i1 an error o22urs9 ?v Beri1ies the Eava pro0ram be1ore e>e2utin0 it9

arBuments The 2ommand(line ar0uments to be passed onto the Eava pro0ram9 ?vst Prints verbose sta25 tra2es @re;uires debu0 2lassesA9 ?2p classpath &ets the 2lass path9 ?2p:a path "ppends path to the 2lass path9 ?2p:p path Prepends path to the 2lass path9

Notes
The Eava 3ommand(6ine 6oader uses Mi2roso1t's version o1 the Eava Birtual Ma2hine @EBMA. whi2h is very 1ast. sin2e it uses Eust(%n(Time 2ompiler te2hnolo0y9 :n1ortunately. there is not an option or Re0istry settin0 that enables Eava lo00in09 7owever. you 2an redire2t the output @see "ppendi> 3A when invo5in0 an appli2ation. as in the 1ollowin0 e>ample: 9/KQ9*iew main : 9a*alo2.t&t When you run a Eava appli2ation usin0 the Eava 3ommand(6ine 6oader 1rom within the Mi2roso1t Developer &tudio %D!. the 2ommand prompt window 2loses immediately a1ter the Eava appli2ation terminates9 To prevent the M&( DO& window 1rom 2losin0 immediately. you 2an have an input statement as the last statement in your Eava appli2ation9 or e>ample: system.in.read6 7Y " se2ond option is to run your Eava appli2ation e>ternally @outside the Developer &tudio environmentA9 or the Mi2roso1t &DK 2ontainin0 the latest Eava 2ompiler and Birtual Ma2hine 1or usin0 Eava with the W%N/# "P% only. 0o to http:??www9mi2roso1t92om?Gava?download9htm9

6e$board &roperties

3han0e the 5eyboard repeat rate and te>t 2ursor blin5 rate9

To Open
3ontrol Panel JPrinters and Other 7ardwareK Keyboard 3ommand Prompt control main.cpl &e$ oard 3ommand Prompt control ?e$ oard

8escription

The Keyboard Properties dialo0 2ontrols the way 2hara2ters are repeated when 5eys are held down. as well as how ;ui25ly the te>t 2ursor @insertion pointA blin5s9 Tip: move the Repeat rate slider all the way to the ri0ht @towards astA and your 2omputer will a2tually seem 1aster @see i0ure ,(,=A9 9ig&re 7-7A+ 0ove :oth s(iders a(( the #a to the right in ?e :oard Properties to make o&r comp&ter seem faster

The 7ardware tab simply provides a22ess to the Properties sheet 1or your 5eyboard @the same one you'll 0et in Devi2e Mana0er. dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9

Notes
"ll settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9 "dditional 1eatures that a11e2t the 5eyboard repeat rate and te>t 2ursor 2an be 1ound in "22essibility Options. dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapter9 &ome 5eyboards. espe2ially those with additional 1un2tion buttons @su2h as web lin5s and 3D player 2ontrolsA. 2ome with their own so1tware9 &ome o1 this so1tware in2ludes hardware drivers and is absolutely ne2essary 1or operation. while other so1tware is purely optional. addin0 only trivial 1eatures9 Diven the potential 2ompatibility problems with Windows XP. it's best only to install su2h so1tware i1 it's ne2essary or i1 it provides 1eatures you 2an't live without9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

Label

\windows\system54\la*el)e"e

3han0e the label o1 any hard dis5. 1loppy dis5. or removable media9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

la el

Usage
label 0drive/2 0label2

8escription
!very dis5 has a label. the name shown in !>plorer ne>t to the drive letter @e>2ept 1or 1loppiesA9 To 2han0e the label 1or any dis5. ri0ht(2li25 on its i2on in !>plorer @or the My 3omputer windowA. sele2t Properties. and type a new name in the unlabeled 1ield at the top o1 the properties window9 The 6abel tool dupli2ates this 1un2tionality 1rom the 2ommand line9 or e>ample. to 2han0e the label o1 drive c+ to Ishoebo>.I type: label #/ shoeboC %1 you omit la el. you will be prompted to enter a new label9 %1 you omit drive. label will use the 2urrent drive9

Notes
" dis5's label has no e11e2t on the operation o1 the dis5N 1or hard dis5s. it's purely de2orative9 or 3Ds and other removable media. it's used to ;ui25ly identi1y what's in the drive9

Local

ecurit$ &olic$

\windows\system54\secpol)msc

&ee Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole9

Logo##

\windows\system54\logoff)e"e

6o0 out the 2urrent user @or another userA9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

loBoff

Usage
lo"o%% 0session Z id2 05server/name2 05v2

8escription
"mon0 other thin0s. 6o0o11 is the ;ui25est way to lo0 o11 the 2urrent user. rather than sele2tin0 I&hut Down 1rom the &tart Menu.I 2hoosin0 I6o0 o11I 1rom the list.

and 2li25in0 OK9 %n 1a2t. you 2an 2reate a short2ut to 6o0o11 on your Des5top and simply double(2li25 it to enter 2urrent session9 6o0o11 2an also be used to end the session o1 a remotely 2onne2ted user. either throu0h terminal servi2es or throu0h the Telnet daemon9 or e>ample. i1 someone has 2onne2ted to a Windows XP 2omputer usin0 Telnet. you 2an dis2onne2t them. either 1rom another Telnet session or 1rom the 2ommand prompt. by usin0 6o0o11 and the 1ollowin0 options: session The name o1 the session to endN use either session or id to end a session. but not both9 id The %D o1 the session to endN use either session or id to end a session. but not both9 ?server: name &pe2i1ies the terminal server 2ontainin0 the session to endN the de1ault is 2urrent9 ?v Displays additional in1ormation about the a2tions bein0 per1ormed9

See '(so
&hutdown. &hut Down in 3hapter /

Microso#t Chat

\windows\system54\winchat)e"e

3 ondu2t a te>t(based 2hat session with another user over a networ59

To Open
3ommand Prompt

winchat

8escription
Mi2roso1t 3hat is a simple 2hat pro0ram that allows two users to have a te>t(based 2onversation usin0 two 2omputers 2onne2ted over a networ5 @see i0ure ,(,*A9 %t's similar to the :ni> tal? 2ommand. where the s2reen is split in two panes and ea2h user types and wat2hes as the other types9 'oth s2reens are updated in real time. so you 2an see letters as they are typed by your partner9 9ig&re 7-7.+ The Chat too( is &sed to faci(itate te!t conversations :et#een t#o &sers on a net#ork

To initiate a 2hat session. 2li25 the Dial button on the toolbar or sele2t Dial 1rom the 3onversation menu. sele2t the tar0et 2omputer 1rom the list @other 2omputers in your wor50roup will be shown hereA. and 2li25 OK9 Then the user o1 the 2omputer that has been dialed will see a 3hat button in their Tas5barN that user must 2li25 the button to IanswerI the 2all9

Notes
%1 you're loo5in0 1or the 2omi2(strip style 0raphi2al %R3 2hat 2lient in2luded with some earlier versions o1 Windows @cchat)e"eA. this appli2ation is not in2luded with Windows XP9 7owever. there are several third(party alternatives that 2an be obtained 1rom the %nternet. su2h as 6ea13hat @http:??www9lea1di0ital92om?A and m%R3 @http:??www9mir29or0?A9 To re2eive a Mi2roso1t 3hat 2all. you'll either need to have 3hat runnin0 or have the Networ5 DD! servi2e started @see Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole 1or more in1ormation on servi2esA9

See '(so
Mi2roso1t NetMeetin0. Ms0. DD! &hare

Microso#t Magni#ier

\windows\system54\magnify)e"e

&how an enlar0ed version o1 the area o1 the s2reen near the mouse 2ursor9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories "22essibility Ma0ni1ier

maBnif$

8escription
The Mi2roso1t Ma0ni1ier is used to assist those with the visual impairments by ma0ni1yin0 a portion o1 the s2reen9 When you start Ma0ni1ier. the top -) per2ent o1 the s2reen turns into an automati2 ma0ni1yin0 0lass. whi2h 1ollows the mouse 2ursor around s2reen9 %1 you have trouble seein0 somethin0 on the s2reen. Gust 1loat the 2ursor over it to ma0ni1y it @see i0ure ,()$A9 9ig&re 7-=1+ The 0agnifier too( can fo((o# o&r mo&se c&rsor3 en(arging an portion of the screen o& point to

The Ma0ni1ier 2an be resi4ed or moved with the mouse9 urthermore. when Ma0ni1ier is 1irst opened. the Ma0ni1ier settin0s window appears. allowin0 you to 2han0e ma0ni1i2ation level and 2hoose whether or not Ma0ni1ier 1ollows the mouse 2ursor. 5eyboard 1o2us. or the te>t 2ursor9 To hide the settin0s window. Gust minimi4e itN i1 you 2lose it. Ma0ni1ier will 2lose9

Notes
Ma0ni1ier 2an also be very handy 1or appli2ation developers and web site authors. who may need to see pi>el detail in their wor59

See '(so
Narrator. On(&2reen Keyboard. :tility Mana0er

Microso#t Management Console

\windows\system54\mmc)e"e

" sin0le inter1a2e 1or do4ens o1 administrative tools in Windows XP9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "dministrative Tools 3omputer Mana0ement

mmc

Usage
mm# filename 05a2 05?=2 05F,2

8escription
The Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole @MM3A is a host 1or most o1 the administrative tools that 2ome with Windows XP @see i0ure ,()-A9 !a2h o1 the tools that wor5s with MM3 is 2alled a Snap0inN &everal &nap(ins 2an be shown in MM3 at any 0iven time and appear as entries in the !>plorer(style tree in the le1t pane9

9ig&re 7-=*+ The 0icrosoft 0anagement Conso(e ho&ses man important tro&:(eshooting and s stem-maintenance too(s

" 2olle2tion o1 one or more &nap(ins 2an be saved into a 3onsole @)mscA 1ile. whi2h is a small 1ile that simply lists &nap(ins to display in the 3onsole window9 Double( 2li25 any )msc 1ile to open it in MM39 Windows XP ships with more than a do4en prede1ined 3onsole 1iles. and you 2an modi1y them @or even 2reate your ownA by addin0 or removin0 snap(ins or 2reatin0 2ustom Tas5pad Biews M pa0es with lists o1 short2uts to pro0rams or other snap(ins9 There are about two do4en &nap(ins in2luded in Windows XP9 To add a &nap(in to the 2urrent 3onsole 1ile @sele2t ile New to start a new 3onsoleA. 0o to ile "dd?Remove &nap(in. and 2li25 "dd @see i0ure ,()#A9 Then. 2hoose one o1 the available &nap(ins @note that not all &nap(ins des2ribed here are available in all versions o1 Windows XPA. and 2li25 "dd to add it to the list in the previous Window9 " wi4ard or other dialo0 may appear when 2ertain items are added. used to 2on1i0ure this instan2e o1 the &nap(in bein0 addedN any pre1eren2es set here are saved into the 3onsole 1ile9 8ou 2an 2ontinue to add additional items as neededN when you're done. 2li25 3lose9 Note that it's possible to add the same &nap(in more than on2e. so you may want to position the Windows side(by(side so you 2an see what has been installed9 9ig&re 7-=,+ 'dd too(s to the c&rrent vie# : insta((ing Snap-ins

7ere are the &nap(ins in2luded with Windows XPN most o1 the 1ollowin0 are do2umented 1urther in the Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole online help9 Note that all 3onsole @)mscA 1iles mentioned are in the \windows\system54 1older unless otherwise mentioned9 Acti.eX Control :se this &nap(in to add an "2tiveX 2ontrol to your 2onsole 1ile9 "lthou0h Windows XP ships with many "2tiveX 2ontrols. most o1 them aren't appropriate 1or MM39 More advan2ed users may wish to use this 1eature to 2reate 2ustom &nap(ins9 Most users are li5ely to 1ind the &ystem Monitor 3ontrol to be the only use1ul "2tiveX &nap(in in2luded with Windows XP9 Certificates %nstalled by de1ault in certmgr)msc9 'rowse all the se2urity 2erti1i2ates used by %nternet !>plorer and %%&. the web server in2luded with Windows XP @Pro1essional onlyA9 Component Ser.ices %nstalled by de1ault in \windows\system54\com\come"p)msc9 Mana0e installed 2omponent obGe2t model @3OMA 2omponents9 Computer #anagement %nstalled by de1ault in compmgmt)msc9 3omputer Mana0ement doesn't have any 1un2tionality by itsel1N rather. it is a 2olle2tion o1 the 1ollowin0 thirteen &nap(ins: !vent Biewer. &hared olders. 6o2al :sers and Droups. Per1orman2e 6o0s and "lerts. Devi2e Mana0er. Removable &tora0e. Dis5 De1ra0menter. Dis5 Mana0ement. &ervi2es. WM% 3ontrol. %nde>in0 &ervi2e. Messa0e Cueuin0. and %nternet %n1ormation &ervi2es9 De.ice #anager %nstalled by de1ault in de.mgmt)msc and compmgmt)msc9 &ee Devi2e Mana0er. earlier in this 2hapter9 Disk Defragmenter %nstalled by de1ault in drfg)msc and compmgmt)msc9 &ee Dis5 De1ra0menter. earlier in this 2hapter9 Disk #anagement

%nstalled by de1ault in diskmgmt)msc and compmgmt)msc9 The Dis5 Mana0ement &nap(in lists all the installed drives. in2ludin0 hard dis5s. 3D drives. and other removable stora0e devi2es @1loppies are not in2ludedA9 Ri0ht(2li25 on any drive @e>2ept the one on whi2h Windows is installedA to 2han0e its drive letter9 Do to Biew Top and Biew 'ottom to 2hoose whether drives are viewed as dis5s @physi2al devi2esA. volumes @lo2al drives. in2ludin0 partitionsA. and dis5s usin0 a 0raphi2al view9 Dis5 Mana0ement also has the ability to 2reate and delete partitions @see also Dis5Part. earlier in this 2hapterA. but 2annot ma5e any modi1i2ations that a11e2t the volume on whi2h Windows is installed9 PartitionMa0i2 @http:??www9power;uest92om?A allows more 2omplete 2ontrol over the 2reation and modi1i2ation o1 partitions9 "mon0 the 1eatures o1 the Dis5 Mana0ement 2onsole is the ability to 2han0e drive letters o1 your 3D or DBD drive. removable 2artrid0e drive. and even hard dis5 partitions9 Eust ri0ht(2li25 a volume in the upper pane @1or hard dis5 partitionsA or one o1 the lar0e buttons on the le1t side o1 the lower pane @1or 3D drives and the li5eA and sele2t 3han0e Drive 6etter and Paths9 Then. 2li25 3han0e to 2hoose a new drive letter9 %1 there's a drive letter 2on1li2t. you may have to 2li25 Remove 1irst. resolve the 2on1li2t. and then return to the 3han0e Drive 6etter and Paths dialo0 and 2li25 "dd to 2hoose a drive letter9 !.ent /iewer %nstalled by de1ault in e.ent.wr)msc and compmgmt)msc9 Biews the three system event lo0s: "ppli2ation. &e2urity. and &ystem9 The "ppli2ation lo0 lists every appli2ation 2rash. status reports and warnin0s 0enerated by servi2es @see &ervi2es belowA. and other events lo00ed by some appli2ations9 The &e2urity lo0 re2ords events su2h as valid and invalid lo0on attempts. as well as events related to the use o1 shared resour2es9 The system lo0 2ontains events lo00ed by Windows XP system 2omponents. su2h as driver 1ailures and system startup errors9 " 2omputer runnin0 Windows 2on1i0ured as a domain 2ontroller re2ords events in two additional lo0s. Dire2tory servi2e and ile Repli2ation servi2e9 " 2omputer runnin0 Windows 2on1i0ured as a Domain Name &ystem @DN&A server re2ords events in an additional lo0. DN& server9 !vent Biewer lo0s 2ontain 1ive types o1 events: !rrors @driver and servi2e 1ailuresA. Warnin0s @indi2ations o1 possible 1uture problemsA. %n1ormation entries @the su22ess1ul operation o1 an appli2ation. driver. or servi2eA. and &u22ess "udits and ailure "udits @audited se2urity a22ess attempts that su22eed and 1ail. respe2tivelyA9 ?older " 1older is used to or0ani4e &nap(ins in the tree display9 To use a 1older. 1irst add it usin0 the pro2edure e>plained above9 Then. 2lose the "dd &tandalone &nap(in dialo0. sele2t the new 1older 1rom the I&nap(ins added toI list. and 2li25 "dd a0ainN this time. added items will appear in the new 1older9 :n1ortunately. you 2an't dra0(drop items 1rom one 1older to another. so the only way to move an item is to remove it 1rom one 1older and then add it to another9 olders 2an be renamed only 1rom the main MM3 window9 ?rontPage Ser.er !"tensions This &nap(in is used to mana0e the various rontPa0e &erver e>tensions and their settin0s9 7roup Policy 1also known as Focal Computer Policy3 %nstalled by de1ault in gpedit)msc9 " 2olle2tion o1 poli2y settin0s. 2ontrollin0 startup and shutdown s2ripts. se2urity settin0s 1or %nternet !>plorer. and user a22ount poli2ies9 Droup Poli2y repla2es the &ystem Poli2y !ditor 1ound in earlier versions o1 Windows9 &ee 3hapter / 1or do2umentation on the settin0s in this &nap(in9 Inde"ing Ser.ice

%nstalled by de1ault in ciad.)msc and compmgmt)msc9 The %nde>in0 &ervi2e 2olle2ts in1ormation 1rom the do2uments on your hard dis5 and 2ompiles a database used to enhan2e sear2hes9 The %nde>in0 &ervi2e inde>es )html 1iles. )t"t 1iles. Mi2roso1t O11i2e do2uments. %nternet mail and news. and any other do2ument 1or whi2h a do2ument 1ilter is available9 The %nde>in0 &ervi2e &nap(in allows you to mana0e the dire2tories that are routinely s2anned and ;uery the database 2atalo09 Internet Information Ser.ices %nstalled by de1ault in compmgmt)msc and \windows\system54\inetsr.\iis)msc 9 %%& is the Web? TP?&MTP server built into Windows XP. and the %nternet %n1ormation &ervi2es &nap(in allows you to administer the various 1un2tions asso2iated with the server servi2e9 or e>ample. you 2an 2on1i0ure how 3D% s2ripts are runnin0 1rom web pa0es posted on the server9 IP Security #onitor Monitor the %P &e2urity statusN see %P &e2urity Poli2y Mana0ement. below. 1or more in1ormation9 IP Security Policy #anagement Mana0e %nternet Proto2ol &e2urity @%P&e2A poli2ies 1or se2ure 2ommuni2ation with other 2omputers9 %P&e2 2an be thou0ht o1 as a minimalisti2 1irewall. allowin0 and disallowin0 2ertain 2ommuni2ation over an %nternet 2onne2tion9 Fink to We* Address The 6in5 to Web "ddress &nap(in allows you to insert. not surprisin0ly. the web site as an entry in the tree9 or e>ample. you may wish to in2lude a lin5 to a so1tware downloads site. an 7TTP(based administration pa0e 1or a web site. or another troubleshootin0 web site. su2h as http:??www9annoyan2es9or0?9 Focal Computer Policy &ee IDroup Poli2y @also 5nown as 6o2al 3omputer Poli2yAI. above9 Focal -sers and 7roups %nstalled by de1ault in lusrmgr)msc and compmgmt)msc9 This plu0(in provides more advan2ed settin0s. usin0 a simpler and more dire2t inter1a2e. then 3ontrol Panel :ser "22ounts9 7ere. you 2an set pre1eren2es relatin0 to the e>piration o1 passwords. the assi0nment o1 2ertain users to 0roups. lo0on s2ripts. lo2ation o1 a user's home 1older. and other advan2ed options9 Performance Fogs and Alerts %nstalled by de1ault in perfmon)msc and compmgmt)msc9 Per1orman2e 6o0s and "lerts allow you to 2olle2t per1orman2e data automati2ally 1rom 2ertain appli2ations. and then 2reate lo0s that 2an be e>ported then analy4ed9 The appli2ations. desi0ned to 0enerate per1orman2e lo0s. are typi2ally asso2iated with web servers when an administrator would need to 5now e>a2tly how the system resour2es are bein0 utili4ed at any 0iven time9 &ee 7elp 1or more in1ormation on settin0 up per1orman2e data9 $emo.a*le Storage #anagement %nstalled by de1ault in ntmsmgr)msc and compmgmt)msc9 The Removable &tora0e Mana0ement &nap(in enables you to the view all the devi2es that support removable media. su2h as 3D and DBD drives. 3D and DBD writers. tape drives. Fip drives. 1lash memory readers. and other similar devi2es9 Removable &tora0e labels. 2atalo0s. and tra25s media and stores this in1ormation into libraries9 Media Pools. 2olle2tions o1 removable media to have the same mana0ement poli2ies. are used to or0ani4e these libraries9 or e>ample. the 2atalo0s in the 'a25up 2omponent rely on Removable &tora0e Mana0ement9 $esultant Set of Policy %nstalled by de1ault in rsop)msc9

This &nap(in allows you to view and 2han0e the poli2y settin0s 1or a parti2ular user9 &ee IDroup Poli2y @also 5nown as 6o2al 3omputer Poli2yAI. above. 1or more in1ormation9 Security Configuration and Analysis This &nap(in is used to view and mana0e se2urity databases 1or 2omputers usin0 &e2urity Templates @see belowA and is espe2ially help1ul 1or tra25in0 2han0es to se2urity9 Security ,emplates %nstalled by de1ault in secpol)msc9 &e2urity Templates are used to 2reate a se2urity poli2y 1or 2omputers9 They are used mostly by administrators 1or Windows XP(based servers9 &ee 7elp 1or detailed in1ormation9 Ser.ices %nstalled by de1ault in ser.ices)msc and compmgmt)msc9 " servi2e is a pro0ram that runs invisibly in the ba250round. usually started when Windows starts9 8ou 2an set up any pro0ram to run automati2ally when Windows starts by pla2in0 a short2ut in your &tartup 1older. but su2h a pro0ram would only be run when you lo0 in9 " servi2e is run when Windows starts and is already runnin0 when the lo0in prompt is shown9 Windows XP 2omes with nearly =$ preinstalled servi2es. some o1 whi2h are a2tive by de1ault @2alled I&tartedI in the &ervi2es windowA. and some o1 whi2h are not9 Double(2li25 any servi2e in the list to view its properties. su2h as its status @&tarted or &toppedA. whether or not it's started automati2ally. under whi2h user a22ounts it is enabled. what a2tions to ta5e i1 the servi2e en2ounters a problem. and whi2h other 2omponents the servi2e depends on @i1 anyA9 3ommon servi2es in2lude the plu0(and(play mana0er. the tas5 s2heduler. the print spooler. automati2 updates. an TP server. a web server. a mail server. and many other pro0rams responsible 1or 5eepin0 Windows XP runnin09 8ou 2an start or stop any servi2e by ri0ht(2li25in0 on it and sele2tin0 &tart or &top. respe2tively9 &toppin0 unne2essary servi2es will not only in2rease system per1orman2e. but will 2lose potential se2urity Iba25doorsI that 2ould be used to brea5 into a 2omputer9 Naturally. you should use 2aution when disablin0 any enabled servi2e. but most home users won't need the Imail serverI servi2e to be runnin0 all the time9 &ee "ppendi> D 1or a list o1 the de1ault servi2es in Windows XP. their 2orrespondin0 1ilenames. and their des2riptions9 Shared ?olders %nstalled by de1ault in fsmmgmt)msc and compmgmt)msc9 "s des2ribed in 3hapter <. any 1older or drive 2an be shared. allowin0 a22ess to it 1rom another 2omputer on the networ59 The &hared olders &nap(in lists all o1 the shared resour2es in one pla2e. as well as any open 2onne2tions to those resour2es 1rom other 2omputers9 Rather than Isharin0 and 1or0ettin0.I this tool allows you to 5eep a more a2tive wat2h on how shared resour2es are bein0 used9 One thin0 to note is the e>isten2e o1 administrative shares. those items listed in the &hares portion o1 the &hared olders &nap(in. denoted by a dollar si0n @YA at the end o1 the share name9 "dministrator shares 2annot be disabled. and when used in 2onGun2tion with 3reate &hared older @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA. 2an even be a se2urity ris5. in whi2h someone else with your username and password 2an a22ess to any 1ile or 1older on your 2omputer without ever sittin0 in 1ront o1 it9 &u11i2e it to say. i1 you're on a networ5. or even an %nternet 2onne2tion. you should investi0ate the se2urity settin0s in your 2omputer and try to 2lose as many ba25 doors as you 2an without disablin0 1un2tions that you still need9 %1 you're 2on2erned about se2urity. you may wish to use Windows XP's built(in 1irewall @see 3hapter <A or invest in third(party 1irewall so1tware @su2h as Norton

Personal irewall @http:??www9symante292om?A. ea2h o1 whi2h a2tively helps prevent unauthori4ed a22ess your 2omputer9 W#I Control %nstalled by de1ault in wmimgmt)msc and compmgmt)msc9 WM% @Windows Mana0ement %nstrumentationA is set o1 standards 1or a22essin0 and sharin0 mana0ement in1ormation over an enterprise networ59 WM% will be o1 little use to most usersN 1or more in1ormation. see 7elp9 One o1 the most interestin0 1eatures o1 the Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole is its ability to a22ess most o1 these tools remotely9 or e>ample. you 2an use it to run Devi2e Mana0er on a ma2hine other than the one you're usin09 Naturally. this would be most use1ul to an administrator. who 2an now 2on1i0ure and maintain a whole 0roup o1 2omputers 1rom a sin0le ma2hine9 7owever. as home networ5s be2ome more 2ommon. ordinary users are bein0 turned into administrators9 or instan2e. i1 you were responsible 1or settin0 up a networ5 between the two or three 2omputers used by the members o1 your 1amily. you'd be able to run Dis5 De1ra0menter on all the ma2hines without havin0 to Gump around between them9 Nevertheless. it provides more power than is normally available via My Networ5 Pla2es9 3onne2tin0 to another 2omputer with MM3 depends on the parti2ular &nap(in you're usin09 Most &nap(ins that support remote administration will prompt you when you 1irst add them. as5in0 whether the &nap(in should be used with the 2urrent 2omputer or with another on the networ59 %n the 2ase o1 3omputer Mana0ement @compmgmt)mscA. Gust ri0ht(2li25 on the 3omputer Mana0ement root entry o1 the tree. sele2t I3onne2t to another 2omputer.I and type the name o1 the 2omputer in the bo> that appears9 When 2onne2ted to another 2omputer. the root entry will be named Computer 0anaBement NcomputernameO9 The Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole also has a 1ew 2ommand(line options: ?a &ome 3onsole @)mscA 1iles have been 2on1i0ured so that the &nap(in tree normally shown is not only hidden. but ina22essible9 urthermore. you may not have a22ess to the standard MM3 menus. meanin0 that you will not be able to add or remove &nap(ins as desired9 The /a option opens MM3 in IauthorI mode. allowin0 you to treat any saved 3onsole 1ile as thou0h you 2reated it. 0ivin0 you power to modi1y the 3onsole by addin0 or removin0 &nap(ins9 Cs The /s parameter is in2luded with some short2uts to )msc 1iles in the &tart menu. but it does not appear to have any e11e2t9 ?/# or ?+, Run MM3 in /#(bit or +,(bit mode. respe2tivelyN it is only available on +,(bit systems9

Notes
!ventually. you'll probably want to 2reate your own 3onsole 1ile with the &nap(ins you use most9 While it 2an 2reate a new 3onsole 1ile 1rom s2rat2h. it may be easier to modi1y one o1 the supplied )msc 1iles and then save it with a new name9 To modi1y a saved 3onsole 1ile. start MM3 with the /a swit2h. as des2ribed above9 Pro0rammers who wish to learn how to 2reate 2ustom &nap(ins 2an 1ind more in1ormation at http:??msdn9mi2roso1t92om?9

Microso#t %etMeeting

\program files\netmeeting\conf)e"e

Boi2e and video 2on1eren2e appli2ation9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories 3ommuni2ations NetMeetin0

conf

8escription
NetMeetin0 allows video2on1eren2in0 @videophoneA andvoi2e 2on1eren2in0 @net phoneA over a networ5 or %nternet 2onne2tion @see i0ure ,()/A9 The 2onne2tion is made via either a 2entral dire2tory servi2e @Mi2roso1t provides severalA or dire2tly to another user's %P address9 "ll you need to initiate a voi2e 2on1eren2e @audio onlyA is an %nternet 2onne2tion and a sound 2ard. spea5ers. and a mi2rophone on ea2h end9 or video 2on1eren2in0. all you need in addition are two video2on1eren2in0 2ameras @:&' 2ameras are surprisin0ly 2heapA9 "s you mi0ht e>pe2t. video2on1eren2in0 re;uires more bandwidth than voi2e 2on1eren2in0 alone9 Ma5e sure your %nternet 2onne2tion and all your sound and video hardware are properly installed be1ore you try to use them with NetMeetin09 9ig&re 7-=2+ Net0eeting faci(itates voice and video conferencing over an Internet or L'N connection

The 1irst time you start NetMeetin0. you'll be as5ed several ;uestions about your identity9 %1 priva2y is a 2on2ern. you don't have to 1ill out all the 1ields. but the email address will help others 1ind you i1 they don't have your %P address @usin0 a dire2tory serverA9 The ne>t pa0e in the setup wi4ard allows you to 2hoose how you'll use dire2tory servi2es9 or NetMeetin0 to establish a 2onne2tion between two 2omputers. one user must 2all anotherN and in order 1or that to happen. the 2aller must either 5now the re2ipient's %P address or must spe2i1y the re2ipient's email address9 &in2e a user's %P address 2an 2han0e every time that user 2onne2ts to the %nternet @only

with dynami2 %P assi0nmentA. a dire2tory server 2an be used to automati2ally loo5 up a user's %P address by supplyin0 only the user's email address9 %1 you 2hoose to I6o0 onto a dire2tory server when NetMeetin0 starts.I NetMeetin0 will update the dire2tory server with your 2urrent %P address every time you start a sessionN turn this option o11 i1 you have a stati2 @un2han0in0A %P address or i1 you wish to manually in1orm prospe2tive 2allers o1 your %P address every time you need to use NetMeetin09 %1 you 2hoose to use a dire2tory server. you 2an use Mi2roso1t's de1ault @Mi2roso1t's %nternet Dire2toryA or spe2i1y your own server @see NotesA9 :nless you wish to have stran0ers 2allin0 you. you'll probably want to pla2e a 2he25mar5 ne>t to the IDo not list my name in the dire2toryI option9 "1ter that. you will be as5ed to spe2i1y the speed o1 your 2onne2tion and whether or not you what to 2reate a Des5top i2on9 Ne>t. you'll be wal5ed throu0h the "udio Tunin0 Wi4ard. the tool that will help you adGust the levels o1 your mi2rophone and spea5ers so that NetMeetin0 will wor5 properly9 %1 you ma5e any 2han0es to your sound hardware. you 2an run the "udio Tunin0 Wi4ard a0ain by 0oin0 to Tools "udio Tunin0 Wi4ard9 :sin0 NetMeetin0 is not hard9 To start a 2on1eren2e. one user must 2all anotherN i1 you're the 2aller. type the re2ipient's email address or %P address into the te>t 1ield at the top o1 the window and press enter or 2li25 the little telephone button9 The re2ipient must also be runnin0 NetMeetin0N when a 2all is pla2ed. the re2ipient's 2opy o1 NetMeetin0 will Irin0I and the re2ipient will be 0iven the 2han2e to a22ept or i0nore the in2omin0 2all9 7an0 up any 2all by 2li25in0 the 7an0 :p button or by sele2tin0 7an0 :p 1rom the 3all menu9 The IWindows NetMeetin0I bo> in the middle o1 the NetMeetin0 window is 1or the video o1 the other person in the 2onversation and 2an be turned o11 with Biew Data Only9 The Play?Pause button underneath is used to start and stop the video portion o1 the 2on1eren2e9 %1 you are video2on1eren2in0. you'll probably want to sele2t My Bideo 1rom the Biew menu to see what your partner is seein09 %n addition to 1a2ilitatin0 a person(to(person 2on1eren2e. NetMeetin0 allows you to set up a meetin0 in whi2h any number o1 users 2an Goin and video or voi2e 2on1eren2e9 Rather than pla2in0 2alls. however. the meetin0 is initiated when one user de2ides to host a meetin0 @3all 7ost Meetin0A9 urthermore. several 2ollaboration tools are made available with meetin0s: Sharing "lso 2alled IRemote Des5top &harin0.I this 1eature is a basi2 remote 2ontrol pro0ram. in whi2h you 2an see another user's Des5top and 2ontrol it as thou0h you were sittin0 in 1ront o1 it9 "lternatives to Remote Des5top &harin0 in2ludep2"nywhere @2ommer2ial so1tware. http:??www9symante292om?A. BN3 @1reeware. http:??www9u59resear2h9att92om?vn2?A. and Remote Des5top 3onne2tion @in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional and dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA9 White*oard The NetMeetin0 Whiteboard is not unli5e a real whiteboard: it allows users to 2ollaborate by usin0 drawin0 tools on blan5 white pa0e9 "ll members o1 the meetin0 see the same whiteboard and 2an wat2h as others draw9 Chat 6i5e Mi2roso1t 3hat. the 3hat 1eature in NetMeetin0 allows users to 2ommuni2ate by typin09 While it may seem ar2hai2. it's really an easy way to share short pie2es o1 te>t. su2h as web addresses. phone numbers. or e>2erpts 1rom do2uments9 ?ile ,ransfer What 2ommuni2ation tool would be 2omplete without a way to share 1ilesH NetMeetin0 allows you to send and re2eive 1iles with those who have Goined your meetin0 by 0oin0 to Tools ile Trans1er &end ile9 8ou 2an also send a 1ile to all members by simply dra00in0 the 1ile into the 2all windowN on2e a 1ile is sent. re2ipients 2an individually a22ept or de2line the trans1er9 Note that. unless you have an e>2eptionally 1ast 2onne2tion. the trans1er o1

1iles durin0 a meetin0 will si0ni1i2antly slow down your 2onne2tion and the ;uality o1 the video and sound will 0o down9 Naturally. you 2an also send and re2eive 1iles via email or TP9 To Goin the meetin0 in pro0ress. pla2e a 2all to the user hostin0 the meetin0 as you would when initiatin0 a one(on(one 2on1eren2e. as des2ribed above9

Notes
To use a video2amera or other video sour2e with NetMeetin0. the driver must be 2ompatible with either the 79#+- or 79#+/ 2ompression?de2ompression @2ode2A proto2ols9 %1 you don't wish to use the dire2tory servi2e. you 2an have others 2onne2t to you by providin0 your %P address9 To 1ind out what your %P address is. sele2t "bout 1rom NetMeetin0's 7elp menu or use the Windows %P 3on1i0uration. des2ribed later in this 2hapter9 %1 you have a dynami2 %P address. you 2an use a servi2e li5e Dyn%P @http:??www9dynip92omA or 7ome%P @http:??www9homeip9netA to asso2iate a domain with your %P address. a lin5 that is updated every time you 2onne2t to the %nternet9 There are 2ir2umstan2es when others will not be able to 2onne2t to you. usually be2ause o1 a problem with your %P address or be2ause o1 a 1irewall9 or e>ample. i1 you're usin0 2omputer 2onne2ted to the %nternet throu0h %nternet 3onne2tion &harin0 @see 3hapter +A. you may not have a valid %P address9 6i5ewise. a 1irewall. whi2h is desi0ned to prevent 2ertain types o1 networ5 2ommuni2ation. 2an easily inter1ere with NetMeetin09 The solution. i1 you en2ounter one o1 these problems. is 1or you to pla2e the 2all and 1or your partner to answer9 While NetMeetin0 is desi0ned to 1a2ilitate 2on1eren2in0 over the %nternet. it also supports lo2al area networ5s9 %1 you wish to 2all another NetMeetin0 user on your lo2al networ5. simply type that user's 2omputer name instead o1 the %P address or email address9 Mi2roso1t %nternet Dire2tory is a dedi2ated dire2tory server that allows users to host meetin0s and allows other users to view a dire2tory o1 all users on the server. similar to the way a 2hat server wor5s9 8ou 2an browse the dire2tory o1 users and Goin any meetin0s they are hostin09 %6& #9$ is part o1 Mi2roso1t &ite &erver and is also available 1or 1ree download 1rom http:??www9mi2roso1t92om?. i1 you are interested in runnin0 your own server on the %nternet or a lo2al networ59 When you 1irst run NetMeetin0. you 2an 2hoose 1rom a list o1 popular %6&s to whi2h to 2onne2t @most are run by Mi2roso1tA9 On2e 2onne2ted. the NetMeetin0 dire2tory view lists users that are hostin0 meetin0s on the server9 %1 you want NetMeetin0 to run automati2ally when you start Windows. sele2t Tools Options Deneral Run when Windows starts9 This will also set NetMeetin0 to alert you o1 in2omin0 2alls9 The other thin0 you may wish to do is set NetMeetin0 to automati2ally lo0 onto a dire2tory server by 0oin0 to Tools Options and turnin0 on the I6o0 onto dire2tory server when NetMeetin0 startsI option9 This turns NetMeetin0 into a Imessen0erI or Ibuddy listI appli2ation9 When usin0 Netmeetin0. you may be prompted to si0n up 1or a Mi2roso1t 9N!T Passport a22ount9 :n1ortunately. this has 2aused some 2on1usion amon0 many users9 " Passport a22ount is absolutely not re;uired 1or any

1eatures o1 Windows. with the e>2eption o1 the M&N !>plorer and Windows Messen0er 2omponents9 Passport is a totally optional servi2e @and Mi2roso1t has been widely 2riti2i4ed 1or ma5in0 it appear otherwiseA. and unless you wish to use M&N. Messen0er. or the 7otmail servi2e. you'll most li5ely have no use 1or a Passport a22ount9

See '(so
Mi2roso1t 3hat. Ms0. Phone Dialer

Minesweeper

\windows\system54\winmine)e"e

" silly little 0ame relyin0 on the pro2ess o1 elimination9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams Dames "ddress winmine Minesweeper

8escription
The obGe2t o1 Minesweeper is to un2over Isa1eI areas on a playin0 1ield without hittin0 on any landmines9 &tart by 2li25in0 a s;uare with the le1t mouse button to un2over itN i1 it's a mine. the 0ame is over9 Otherwise you'll either see a number. 2orrespondin0 to the number o1 mines immediately adGa2ent to the 2li25ed s;uare. or the s;uare will be blan5. meanin0 that there are no adGa2ent mines9 %1 you 2li25 a s;uare with no adGa2ent mines. all the 2onne2tin0 s;uares are automati2ally un2overed until a numbered s;uare is rea2hed9 :se the numbers as hints to where the mines are lo2atedN use the pro2ess o1 elimination to un2over all the s;uares that aren't mines9 :se the ri0ht mouse button to mar5 un2ertain s;uares. whi2h has the added bene1it o1 preventin0 them 1rom bein0 2li25ed a22identally @see i0ure ,( ),A9 9ig&re 7-=7+ Tr to c(ear the mine fie(d #itho&t &psetting the (itt(e smi(e g&

Notes

The be0inner 0ame uses an = > = 0rid with -$ minesN intermediate uses a -+ > -+ 0rid with ,$ minesN e>pert uses a /$ > -+ 0rid with ** mines9 8ou 2an also 2reate 2ustom 0ames. su2h as an easy /$ > /$ 0rid with only -$ mines. or a di11i2ult = > = 0rid with +$ mines9 %1 a number appears on a s;uare. it spe2i1ies how many mines are in the ei0ht s;uares that surround the numbered s;uare9

Mouse &roperties

3han0e settin0s that a11e2t the behavior o1 your pointin0 devi2e and the appearan2e o1 the mouse 2ursor9

To Open
3ontrol Panel JPrinters and Other 7ardwareK 3ommand Prompt control main.cpl 3ommand Prompt control mouse Mouse

8escription
The Mouse Properties dialo0 2ontrols the buttons and motion o1 your pointin0 devi2e and the appearan2e o1 the various mouse 2ursors. su2h as the arrow and hour0lass9 &ettin0s are distributed into the 1ollowin0 se2tions: %uttons The three settin0s on this pa0e allow you to swit2h the le1t and ri0ht mouse buttons @use1ul 1or southpaws or those with unusual pointin0 devi2esA. 2han0e the speed at whi2h items respond to double(2li25s. and 2ontrol the 3li256o25 1eature @whi2h enables dra00in0 without havin0 to hold down any buttonsA9 Pointers The Pointers tab lets you 2hoose how your mouse pointer loo5s9 This a11e2ts not only the standard arrow 2ursor. but the hour0lass. the arrow?hour0lass 2ombination. all o1 the resi4e arrows. and even the hand 2ursor used in %nternet !>plorer9 3ursors that ship with Windows are stored in the \Windows\Cursors 1older and additional 2ursors are available on the %nternet 1rom su2h web sites as http:??www9ani2ursor92om?9 8ou 2an also 0et a 2ursor editor. allowin0 you to 2reate your own stati2 and animated mouse pointers @try "X(3ursors. at http:??www9a>ialis92om?a>2ursors?. or Mi2roan0elo. at http:??www9impa2tso1tware92omA@see i0ure ,())A9 9ig&re 7-==+ Choosing c&stom mo&se pointers can go a (ong #a to improving o&r sanit #hen sitting in front of a comp&ter

The pointer shadow is a2tually 5ind o1 2ool. but it isn't 2ompatible with all display drivers9 Pointer 9ptions These settin0s are used to adGust how the mouse pointer responds to the physi2al motion o1 your pointin0 devi2e9 " 1ast pointer speed ma5es the 2ursor more sensitive9 The !nhan2e pointer pre2ision option enables minor mouse a22eleration and de2eleration. whi2h moves the pointer more slowly when you move only a short distan2e9 Wheel The mouse wheel. present on some mi2e and tra25balls. is intended to aid s2rollin09 Eust roll the wheel to s2roll up or down in a listbo>. do2ument. or web pa0e instead o1 2ontrollin0 the s2rollbar dire2tly with the mouse pointer9 %1 your pointin0 devi2e doesn't have a wheel. these settin0s are i0nored9 Bardware inally. the 7ardware tab simply lists the pointin0 devi2es atta2hed to the system9 Note that the Properties pa0e is the same one you'll 0et in Devi2e Mana0er @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9 The Troubleshoot button simply opens up a 7elp and &upport 3enter window with a step(by(step troubleshootin0 tutorial9

Notes
"ll settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9 Many pointin0 devi2es 2ome with their own so1tware9 &ome o1 this so1tware in2ludes hardware drivers and is absolutely ne2essary 1or operation. while other so1tware is purely optional. addin0 only trivial 1eatures9 Diven the potential 2ompatibility problems with Windows XP. it's best to install su2h so1tware only i1 it's ne2essary or i1 it provides 1eatures you 2an't live without9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

Msg

\windows\system54\msg)e"e

&end a te>t messa0e to one or all lo2al users9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

msB

Usage
ms" recipient 05server/name2 05time/sec2 05v2 05w2 0messaBe2

8escription
Ms0 is used to send a te>t messa0e to a user 2urrently lo00ed onto the lo2al 2omputerN it 2an also be used to send a messa0e simultaneously to all lo00ed(in users9 Note that Ms0 is not intended to send messa0es to other 2omputers. but to users remotely lo00ed onto your 2omputer9 The e>2eption is a user on another ma2hine 2urrently lo00ed into your ma2hine @or the ma2hine spe2i1ied by /serverA. assumin0 that ma2hine is set up as a Terminal &erver9 To send a messa0e to another 2omputer. use Mi2roso1t 3hat @or Gust send an emailA9 Ms0 a22epts the 1ollowin0 options: messaBe The te>t messa0e to send9 %1 omitted. Ms0 prompts 1or it9 "lso 2an read 1rom stdinN see "ppendi> 39 recipient Recipient 2an be a username. a session name. a session %D. or a 1ilename @pointin0 to a 1ile 2ontainin0 a list o1 usernames. session names. or session %DsA9 Or. spe2i1y an asteris5 @-A to send a messa0e to all sessions on the spe2i1ied server9 ?server: name &pe2i1ies /server/name to send the messa0e to users on another ma2hine. where name is the name o1 a Terminal &erver @see &ervi2es in Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole earlier in this 2hapterA9 ?time: sec %ndi2ates the amount o1 time. in se2onds. to wait 1or the re2ipient to a25nowled0e the messa0e bein0 sent9 ?v Berbose modeN displays additional in1ormation about the a2tions bein0 per1ormed9 ?w Waits 1or a response 1rom the re2ipient. use1ul with /v9

See '(so
Mi2roso1t 3hat. Mi2roso1t NetMeetin0

M % 0xplorer

\program files\msn\msncorefiles\msn8)e"e

The 0raphi2al inter1a2e to the M&N online servi2e9

To Open
6ittle butter1ly i2on in the ;ui25laun2h toolbar 3ommand Prompt msn9

8escription
The M&N online servi2e. in addition to providin0 basi2 %nternet a22ess. supplies online 2ontent. somewhat li5e"meri2an Online @"O6A9 The M&N !>plorer is an inte0rated web browser. email pro0ram. and messen0er @Ibuddy listIA 1or use with the M&N servi2e @see i0ure ,()+A9 9ig&re 7-=>+ The 0SN on(ine service #orks (ike Internet 6!p(orer3 :&t has more :right( co(ored icons and is (inked &p #ith 0icrosoft-s Passport service

8ou don't have to be a subs2riber to M&N to use M&N !>plorer. but you to have to 2omplete the initial si0nup wi4ard9 "lthou0h it's 1ree. it does re;uire several pie2es o1 personal in1ormation. su2h as your 0eo0raphi2 lo2ation. birthdate. and o22upation9 On2e you 2omplete the si0n(in pro2ess. the M&N !>plorer window resembles the %nternet !>plorer web browser. e>2ept the menu is 0one. the toolbar is simpli1ied. and an additional tas5 pane is shown on the le1t9

Notes
The M&N !>plorer o11ers very little 1un2tionality above and beyond %nternet !>plorer9 %t is merely a 1riendlier. less intimidatin0 inter1a2e desi0ned to appeal to novi2es and 2hildren9 One potential advanta0e is the total la25 o1 5nowled0e re;uired to 0et up and runnin0 with M&N !>plorerN 1or e>ample. most 1eatures on the toolbar are automati2ally 2on1i0ured 1or the 2urrently lo00ed(in user. so all one needs to do is 2li25 the buttons9 The toolbar buttons. ima0es. and de1ault pa0es are all rather lar0e9 The minimum re2ommended resolution to use M&N !>plorer is =$$ > +$$. and that's only appropriate i1 the window is ma>imi4ed9 The !mail button is essentially a short2ut to 7otmail. Mi2roso1t's 1ree web( based email 2lient9 6i5ewise. the Online 'uddies. the People L 3hat. and the

Money buttons all are short2uts to 2orrespondin0 web sites at http:??www9msn92om?9 When you 2lose M&N !>plorer. it remains in memory9 To si0n out o1 M&N and shut down the M&N !>plorer 2ompletely. ri0ht(2li25 on the M&N i2on in the Tray @ne>t to the 2lo25A and sele2t !>it M&N !>plorer9 %n order to use M&N !>plorer or Windows Messen0er. you'll need to set up a Mi2roso1t 9N!T Passport a22ount9 There has been some 2on1usion re0ardin0 Passport amon0 many users. however9 " Passport a22ount is absolutely not re;uired 1or any other 1eatures o1 WindowsN in 1a2t. Mi2roso1t has been widely 2riti2i4ed 1or ma5in0 it appear otherwise9

See '(so
%nternet !>plorer. Outloo5 !>press. M&N Damin0 Fone

M % 4aming 7one

" 2olle2tion o1 0ames that 2an be played with other users over the %nternet9

To Open
&tart &tart &tart &tart &tart Pro0rams Pro0rams Pro0rams Pro0rams Pro0rams Dames Dames Dames Dames Dames %nternet %nternet %nternet %nternet %nternet 'a250ammon 3he25ers 7earts Reversi &pades

8escription
Windows XP ships with eleven 0ames. 1ive o1 whi2h are part o1 the M&N Damin0 Fone and support play with other users over the %nternet9 "ll 1ive 0ames. while di11erent in 0ameplay. wor5 similarly9 When you 1irst start one o1 the 0ames. you are automati2ally 2onne2ted to a 0amin0 server provided by Mi2roso1t that is desi0ned to post the 2ommuni2ation between all o1 the di11erent users9 %n addition to allowin0 2ollaborative play. a simple 2hat session is initiated in whi2h the players 2an type te>t messa0es to 2ommuni2ate9 3onsult 7elp in any 0ame window 1or playin0 tips9

Notes
The M&N Damin0 Fone randomly assi0ns players to 0ames. so you never 5now who you're up a0ainst9 'y de1ault. the sele2ted s5ill level is be0inner. whi2h un1ortunately pits you a0ainst other users who're most li5ely Gust 0oo1in0 around. probably tryin0 these 0ames 1or the 1irst time9 8our best bet to 1ind a more serious opponents is to sele2t an %ntermediate or "dvan2ed s5ill level by 0oin0 to Dame &5ill 6evel9 %1 the 0amin0 server 2an't 1ind a human opponent at any 0iven time. one or more 2omputer opponents will be used9 7owever. there is no way to spe2i1y a 2omputer opponent9 Whether you've been assi0ned a 2omputer or a

person as an opponent. you 2an have a new one assi0ned to you by 0oin0 to Dame ind New Opponent9 None o1 the M&N Damin0 Fone 0ames 2an be played without an %nternet 2onne2tion. so i1 you don't wish to play a0ainst a human opponent. you'll need to obtain a non(networ5 version o1 the parti2ular 0ame9 @7undreds o1 downloadable. sin0le(player 0ames are available on the %nternet9A

See '(so
M&N !>plorer. 7earts. Mi2roso1t 3hat

M$ Computer

&ee Windows !>plorer9

M$ %etwork &laces

&ee Windows !>plorer9

%arrator

\windows\system54\narrator)e"e

" te>t(to(spee2h pro0ram intended 1or use by visually impaired users9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories "22essibility Ma0ni1ier

narrator

8escription
The Narrator is used to assist those with the visual impairments by usin0 a voi2e synthesi4er and your 2omputer's sound hardware to read aloud te>t and the titles o1 s2reen elements @see i0ure ,()<A9 Narrator reads the 1ollowin0 types o1 te>t: !.ents on screen 3he25 the I"nnoun2ed events on s2reenI option to have Narrator spea5 messa0es that appear. the titles o1 Windows when they are a2tivated. and the 2aptions o1 many types o1 s2reen elements9 ,yped characters Narrator 2an optionally spea5 ea2h letter and number as its 2orrespondin0 5ey is pressed on the 5eyboard9

9ig&re 7-=@+ The Narrator &ses speech to read the captions of vario&s screen e(ements over o&r speakers

%n addition to these 1un2tions. the 1ollowin0 5eyboard short2uts 2an be used to read additional items: To read an entire window. 2li25 the window and then press 3trl(&hi1t( &pa2ebar9 To read the 2aption o1 the 2ontrol with the 1o2us. or to read the 2ontents o1 a te>t 1ield. press 3trl(&hi1t(!nter9 To 0et a more detailed des2ription o1 an item. press 3trl(&hi1t(%nsert9 To read the titlebar o1 a window. press "lt(7ome9 To read the status bar o1 a window. press "lt(!nd9 To silen2e the spee2h. press the 3trl 5ey by itsel19

Notes
Narrator is supported only in the !n0lish version o1 Windows XP9 " 1ar more impressive. related te2hnolo0y is that used in spee2h re2o0nition so1tware. in whi2h the 2omputer will ta5e di2tation. translatin0 anythin0 spo5en into a mi2rophone into te>t on the s2reen9 "lthou0h initially developed 1or physi2ally 2hallen0ed users. spee2h re2o0nition has be2ome very popular amon0 all types o1 users. partly be2ause o1 the novelty. partly be2ause o1 the speed @some 2an type up to -+$ words per minuteA. and partly to help redu2e repetitive stress inGuries9 %n 1a2t. some o1 this boo5 was di2tated with the assistan2e o1 Dra0on Naturally&pea5in0 @http:??www9dra0onsys92om?A9 Mi2roso1t O11i2e XP also 2omes with a new voi2e re2o0nition 1eature. althou0h it's not nearly as sophisti2ated as Naturally&pea5in0 or %'M's BiaBoi2e @http:??www9ibm92om?spee2hA9

See '(so
Mi2roso1t Ma0ni1ier. On(&2reen Keyboard. :tility Mana0er

%et

\windows\system54\net)e"e

Display. modi1y. and troubleshoot your 2urrent wor50roup settin0s9

To Open
3ommand Prompt net

Usage
net command 0parameters2

8escription
Net is a 0eneral purpose dia0nosti2 tool used to 2on1i0ure. 2ontrol. and troubleshoot the networ5in0 settin0s on a Windows XP system9 The Net tool is lar0ely obsolete. althou0h it may appeal to more advan2ed users or those who need to 2ontrol networ5 settin0s 1rom the 2ommand line9 To use Net. you must spe2i1y one o1 the 1ollowin0 ## 2ommands. 1ollowed by any o1 the appli2able parameters9 To 0et more in1ormation about any o1 these 2ommands. use the help 2ommand. li5e this: net help command 7ere are the 2ommands used with Net: a22ounts :se net accounts to update the user a22ounts database and modi1y password and lo0on re;uirements 1or all a22ounts9 %1 used without parameters. the 2urrent settin0s 1or password. lo0on limitations. and domain in1ormation are displayed9 2omputer :se net computer to add or delete 2omputers 1rom a domain databaseN only available on Windows XP &erver and "dvan2ed &erver9 2on1i0 The net confiB 2ommand displays 2on1i0uration in1ormation about the wor?station or server servi2e9 &ee !>amples. below9 2ontinue Type net continue to rea2tivate a Windows servi2e that has been suspended by net pause9 1ile 3loses a shared 1ile and removes any 1ile lo25s9 When used without options. net file lists the open 1iles on a server @see Open iles. later in this 2hapterA9 The listin0 in2ludes the %D number. lo2ation. number o1 lo25s. and the user 2urrently a22essin0 the 1ile9 0roup "dds. displays. or modi1ies 0lobal 0roups on servers9 When used without options. net Broup displays a list o1 the 0roups on the server9 help Displays more in1ormation about any 2ommand9 When used without options. net help displays all the available 2ommands9 helpms0 The net helpmsB 2ommand displays in1ormation about error. warnin0. and alert messa0es relatin0 to a Windows networ59 or e>ample. type net helpmsB 7":" to display an e>planation o1 error V#-=- and any possible remedies9 lo2al0roup Modi1ies lo2al 0roups on 2omputers9 When used without options. net localBroup displays a list o1 the 0roups on the server9 name

pause

The net name 2ommand adds or deletes a messa0in0 name. an alias to whi2h messa0es are sent @via net sendA9 When used without options. a list o1 names a22eptin0 messa0es at the 2omputer is displayed9 :se net pause to temporarily suspend a Windows servi2e or resour2e and use net continue to rea2tivate it when you're ready9

print The send

net print 2ommand displays print Gobs and shared printer ;ueues9

&ends messa0es to other users. 2omputers. or messa0in0 names @see net nameA on the networ59 8ou 2an use net send to send a messa0e only to a name that is a2tive on the networ5N i1 the messa0e is sent to a username. that user must be lo00ed on and runnin0 the Messen0er servi2e to re2eive the messa0e9 session 1et session lists or dis2onne2ts sessions between the 2omputer and other 2omputers on the networ59 share The net share 2ommand ma5es a server's resour2es available to networ5 users9 When used without options. it lists in1ormation about all resour2es bein0 shared9 &ee also 3reate &hared older. earlier in this 2hapter9 start :se net start to start a servi2e9 When used without options. it lists servi2es that have already been started9 statisti2s Displays the statisti2s lo0 1or the lo2al wor?station or server servi2e9 :sed without parameters. net statistics displays the servi2es 1or whi2h statisti2s are available9 stop :se net stop to stop a servi2e that has been started with net start9 Note that stoppin0 some servi2es will 2ause others to be stopped. and some servi2es 2annot be stopped at all9 time Probably the most interestin0 2ommand in the bun2h. net time is used to syn2hroni4e the 2omputer's 2lo25 with that o1 another 2omputer or domain9 8ou 2an also use net time to set the NTP timeserver 1or the 2omputer9 use The net use 2ommand 2onne2ts @or dis2onne2tsA a 2omputer to a shared resour2e @shared with net shareA9 When used without options. it lists the 2omputer's a2tive 2onne2tions9 user 3reates and modi1ies user a22ounts9 When used without options. net user lists the user a22ounts 1or the 2omputer9 The user a22ount in1ormation is stored in the same user a22ounts database used by 3ontrol Panel :ser "22ountsN see :ser "22ounts. later in this 2hapter9 view 1et view displays a list o1 resour2es bein0 shared on a remote 2omputer9 When used without options. it displays a list o1 2omputers in the 2urrent domain or networ59

6!amp(es
To display your 2omputer's 2urrent wor50roup settin0s: 9/KQnet confi2 9omputer name KKW.$;TJG

<ull 9omputer name whistler ]ser name Administrator Wor'station a#tive on Netbios;mb 6------------7 NetLTIT#pipI3:-*,@?E+1*-+E1=9-<1AE?E1E?L+==@:?D=@4 6--*-:A*G:*-+7 ;o%tware version Windows ,--, Wor'station domain WO KA O]P Wor'station Domain DN; Name 6null7 Jo"on domain W.$;TJG 9O! Open Timeout 6se#7 9O! ;end 9ount 6byte7 *? 9O! ;end Timeout 6mse#7 ,:The #ommand #ompleted su##ess%ully.

See '(so
Networ5 3onne2tions. 3hapter <

%etstat

&ee "2tive 3onne2tions :tility9

%etwork Connections

\windows\system\ncpa)cpl

Mana0e 2onne2tions to varyin0 networ5 resour2es9

To La&nch
3ontrol Panel JNetwor5 and %nternet 3onne2tionsK &tart &ettin0s Networ5 3onne2tionsJ)K
J)K

Networ5 3onne2tions

This only appears when you're usin0 the 3lassi2 &tart menu. and then only sometimes9

Ri0ht(2li25 the My Networ5 Pla2es i2on Properties 3ommand Prompt n2pa92pl 3ommand Prompt 2ontrol net2onne2tions

8escription
The Networ5 3onne2tions 1older is used to 2onne2t your 2omputer to the %nternet. to another 2omputer on a lo2al area networ5. and to many other types o1 networ5 resour2es @see i0ure ,()=A9 &ee 3hapter < 1or a 2omprehensive dis2ussion o1 the Networ5 3onne2tions window and the networ5in0 1eatures built into Windows XP9 9ig&re 7-=A+ The Net#ork Connections #indo# a((o#s o& to connect o&r comp&ter to a (oca( net#ork or to the Internet

%etwork

etup )i*ard

"utomati2ally 2on1i0ure your %nternet 2onne2tion and lo2al networ5 settin0s based on one o1 several prede1ined s2enarios9

To Open
My Networ5 Pla2es Networ5 &etup Wi4ard &tart Pro0rams "22essories 3ommuni2ations 3ontrol Panel JNetwor5 and %nternet 3onne2tionsK Networ5 &etup Wi4ardJ+K
J+K

Networ5 &etup Wi4ard Networ5 3onne2tions

%1 you have the I&how 2ommon tas5s in 1oldersI option turned on @see older OptionsA. 2li25 the I&et up a home or small o11i2e networ5I lin5 to start the Networ5 &etup Wi4ard9

3ommand Prompt

rundll67 hnetwi5.dll.%ome1et2i5ardRunDll

8escription
The Networ5 &etup Wi4ard wal5s you throu0h some basi2 networ5in0 settin0s and is intended to ma5e it easy to set up Windows to wor5 with your %nternet 2onne2tion or to 0ain a22ess to other 2omputers on your networ5 @see i0ure ,()*A9 9ig&re 7-=.+ The Net#ork Set&p "izard asks o& a fe# net#orking <&estions and config&res o&r net#ork settings according(

The 1irst pa0e o1 the Networ5 &etup Wi4ard implies that the wi4ard will set up a networ5 1or you. help you set up %nternet 2onne2tion sharin0. install a 1irewall. and share 1iles and printers9 %n 1a2t. it will do none o1 these thin0sN rather. it will simply ensure that some o1 the ne2essary proto2ols are installed and properly 2on1i0ured 1or the type o1 networ5 to whi2h you plan on atta2hin0 your 2omputer9 'e1ore you use the Networ5 &etup Wi4ard. you'll need to ma5e sure all o1 your networ5in0 hardware is properly installed. as des2ribed in 3hapter <9 The I&ele2t a 2onne2tion methodI pa0e as5s you to de1ine a role 1or the 2omputer. in so mu2h as how the 2omputer is to be 2onne2ted to the %nternet9 Note that i1 you 2hoose the se2ond option. whi2h spe2i1ies that the 2omputer is to 2onne2t to the %nternet throu0h another 2omputer or a 0ateway. you still have to set up that other 2omputer or 0ateway to provide the %nternet 2onne2tion9 %1 neither o1 the 1irst two options presented applies to your system. 2hoose Other to display three other s2enarios9 One o1 the ni2e thin0s about the Networ5 &etup Wi4ard is that it 2ontrols settin0s that relate both to your %nternet 2onne2tion and to your 2onne2tion to your lo2al networ5 @i1 appli2ableA9 While it 2an't re2o0ni4e and set up every possible 2on1i0uration. it is pro0rammed to re2o0ni4e when your sele2tions are not 2ompatible with the hardware it dete2ts9 3ontinue to answer ;uestions until the summary pa0e is displayed. and i1 you have no obGe2tions. 2li25 inish to apply the settin0s9 Naturally. you 2an always run the wi4ard a0ain or modi1y the settin0s manually to 0et it to wor59

Notes
%1 the Networ5 &etup Wi4ard prompts you to 2reate a setup dis5 1or use on other 2omputers. answer IEust 1inish the wi4ard.I as the dis5 is o1 little use9 The Networ5 &etup Wi4ard won't help you set up an %nternet 2onne2tion. but the New 3onne2tion Wi4ard @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA will9 The Networ5 &etup Wi4ard repla2es the 7ome Networ5in0 Wi4ard 1ound in Windows Me9

See '(so
3hapter <

%ew Connection

\Program ?iles\Internet

)i*ard

!"plorer\Connection WiAard\icwconn2)e"e

&et up a new networ5 2onne2tion9

To Open
3ontrol Panel JNetwor5 and %nternet 3onne2tionsK New 3onne2tion Wi4ardJ<K
J<K

Networ5 3onne2tions

%1 you have the I&how 2ommon tas5s in 1oldersI option turned on @see older OptionsA. 2li25 the I3reate a new 2onne2tionI lin5 to start the New 3onne2tion Wi4ard9

&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt

"22essories

3ommuni2ations

3onne2tion Wi4ard

icwconn"

8escription
Windows XP handles networ5 and %nternet a22ess with distin2t I2onne2tions.I listed in the Networ5 3onne2tions window @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9 The New 3onne2tion Wi4ard will 0uide you throu0h the pro2ess o1 settin0 up a new 2onne2tionN the 1ollowin0 1our types. presented on the 1irst pa0e o1 the wi4ard. are available: Connect to the Internet :se this option to set up a new %nternet 2onne2tion @see i0ure ,(+$A9 The ne>t pa0e shows three options9 Most users want to pi25 the se2ond. I&et up my 2onne2tion manually.I as it will set up a basi2 2onne2tion. 2ompatible with most %nternet servi2e providers9 The 1irst option. I3hoose 1rom a list999.I is used only i1 you wish to si0n up 1or M&N @Mi2roso1t's online servi2eA or i1 you want to 2ruise Mi2roso1t's list o1 servi2e providers @see NotesA9 The third option. I:se the 3D % 0ot 1rom an %&P.I merely starts the setup pro0ram on whatever 3D is inserted in the drive9 9ig&re 7->1+ 'dd an Internet connection #ith the Ne# Connection "izard

Connect to the network at my workplace This option helps set up a remote 2onne2tion to a business networ5. either throu0h a dialup 2onne2tion or throu0h Birtual Private Networ5in0 @BPNA9 Note that your business networ5 must be set up to a22ept su2h 2onne2tionsN 2onta2t your administrator 1or spe2i1i2 instru2tions9 Set up a home or small office network 3hoose this option to 2lose the New 3onne2tion Wi4ard and run the Networ5 &etup Wi4ard @e>plained earlier in this 2hapterA9 Set up an ad.anced connection The last option on this pa0e lets you set up other types o1 2onne2tions. su2h as those that use a sin0le serial or parallel 2able @2alled IDire2t 3able 3onne2tionI in previous versions o1 WindowsA or those that 2ommuni2ate wirelessly with an in1rared port9 While these types o1 2onne2tions aren't stri2tly networ5 2onne2tions. Windows XP treats them as su2h M not only in this wi4ard. but in !>plorer @a1ter they've been set upA as well9 There is one tan0ible di11eren2e with this type o1 2onne2tion. at least 2on2ernin0 this wi4ard: one 2omputer must be 1irst set up to Ia22ept in2omin0 2onne2tionsI be1ore another 2omputer 2an be 2onne2ted to it9 8ou may noti2e that there's no way to add a standard !thernet 2onne2tion9 This is be2ause a new 2onne2tion i2on is automati2ally added 1or ea2h networ5 inter1a2e 2ard installed in your 2omputerN install two networ5 2ards. and you'll see two 2onne2tion i2ons here9 The 1irst thin0 you may wish to do a1ter 2reatin0 a new 2onne2tion is to rename it so that it is easier to identi1y later on and easier to distin0uish 1rom the other 2onne2tions9 To ma5e any other 2han0es to the new 2onne2tion. ri0ht(2li25 on it and sele2t Properties9 &ee 3hapter < 1or more in1ormation on the various proto2ols and settin0s in these properties sheets ne2essary 1or settin0 up a networ59

Notes
"ll the 2hoi2es made in this wi4ard result in the 2reation o1 a new 2onne2tion i2on in the Networ5 3onne2tions windowN no 2han0es to any other 2onne2tions are made @e>2ept where new hardware has been addedA9 This means that. even a1ter 2ompletin0 this wi4ard. you 2an undo your 2han0es simply by deletin0 the new 2onne2tion9 The New 3onne2tion Wi4ard is desi0ned to 2reate a new 2onne2tion. not to modi1y an e>istin0 one9 &ee Networ5 &etup Wi4ard. dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapter. i1 you're havin0 trouble 2on1i0urin0 your networ5 or %nternet 2onne2tion. or i1 you 2an't 0et %nternet 3onne2tion &harin0 to wor59

The New 3onne2tion Wi4ard repla2es the %nternet 3onne2tion Wi4ard 1ound in earlier versions o1 Windows9

See '(so
3hapter <

%otepad

\windows\notepad)e"e

" rudimentary plain te>t editor9

To Open
&tart Pro0ram 3ommand Prompt "22essories Notepad

notepad

Usage
notepad 05p2 0filename2

8escription
Notepad is one o1 the simplest. yet use1ul tools in2luded with Windows XP9 Those 1amiliar with word pro2essors may 1ind Notepad to be lau0hably limited at 1irst 0lan2e. as it has no support 1or even the simplest 1ormattin09 7owever. the 1a2t that it supports only te>t in the do2uments that it 2reates is an absolute ne2essity 1or many o1 the tas5s 1or whi2h it is used on a daily basis @see i0ure ,(+-A9 9ig&re 7->*+ Use Notepad to edit te!t fi(es #itho&t the :other of a #ord processor

"mon0 the 1ile types Notepad 2an edit are )t"t 1iles @plain te>t 1ilesA. )reg 1iles @see re0istry pat2h 1iles in 3hapter <A. )*at 1iles @see bat2h 1iles in "ppendi> 3A. )ini 1iles @2on1i0uration 1ilesA. )html 1iles @web pa0esA. and any other "&3%% te>t(based 1ile type9 Notepad is the de1ault appli2ation 1or )t"t and )log 1iles and is set up as the !dit 2onte>t menu a2tion 1or )*at. )inf. and )reg 1iles. amon0 others9 urthermore. via the /p 2ommand(line parameter. Notepad is used to print most te>t(based 1ile types via the Print 2onte>t menu a2tion9

Notes

%n some previous versions o1 Windows. Notepad had a limit as to the si4e o1 do2uments it 2ould open9 The Windows XP version o1 Notepad has no su2h limit. and 2an be used to open a 1ile o1 any si4e9 Notepad has no intrinsi2 1ormattin0 o1 its own. so any 1ile that is opened in Notepad is displayed e>a2tly as it is stored on the hard dis5. with the proviso that only visible 2hara2ters will be shown9 This means that you 2an open any 1ile. te>t(based or otherwise. in NotepadN i1 you try to open a binary 1ile. however. you'll see mostly 0ibberish9 There are times. thou0h. when this 2an be use1ulN i1 you suspe2t that an ima0e 1ile or a movie 1ile has the wron0 e>tension. you 2an open it in Notepad to veri1y its 2ontents9 @Naturally. some e>perien2e is re;uired to 2orre2tly identi1y di11erent types o1 1iles9A The Word Wrap 1eature @!dit Word WrapA will brea5 apart lon0 lines o1 te>t so that they are visible in the Notepad window without hori4ontal s2rollin09 7owever. no permanent 2han0es will be made to the 1ile. so you 2an use the Word Wrap 1eature without 1ear o1 dama0in0 the inte0rity o1 the do2ument9 %1 you type the te>t. .)OM @in upper2ase and in2ludin0 the periodA as the 1irst line in a te>t 1ile. Notepad will automati2ally pla2e the time and date at the end o1 the 1ile @with the 2ursor ri0ht below itA every time you open it. 1ormin0 a simple lo0 1ile9 urthermore. you 2an use the ) 5ey to manually pla2e a date?time stamp at the 2urrent 2ursor lo2ation while editin0 any 1ile9 Notepad is a simple pro0ram. but by no means a 1ull(1eatured te>t editor9 :ltra!dit @http:??www9ultraedit92om?A is a mu2h more sophisti2ated te>t editor. and 2an also be used as a he> @binaryA editor9

See '(so
WordPad

% Lookup

\windows\system54\nslookup)e"e

Per1orm a Domain Name &erver @DN&A loo5up. used to 2onvert domain names to %P addresses. and vi2e(versa9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

nsloo?up

Usage
nsloo'up address

8escription
When you type a web address into a browser's address bar and press !nter. Windows loo5s up the server name to determine the 2orrespondin0 %P address9 Then the %P address is used to initiate 2ommuni2ation with the server9 %1 the loo5up 1ails. either be2ause the name servers @the ma2hines 2ontainin0 the DN& loo5up

tablesA are down or be2ause the spe2i1ied domain does not e>ist. the 2onne2tion attempt will 1ail as well9 N&6oo5up is a simple tool that allows you to loo5 up the %P address o1 any domain name or server name. as well as 1ind the server name asso2iated with any parti2ular %P address9 To use N&6oo5up. Gust spe2i1y the domain name at the prompt. li5e this: #/KQ nsloo'up annoyan#es.or" Name/ annoyan#es.or" Address/ ,-E.*FF.:F.*F6i5ewise. you 2an spe2i1y an %P address and N&6oo5up will report the asso2iated domain @2alled a reverse loo5upA: #/KQ nsloo'up ,-E.,-=.*=?.,, Name/ www.oreilly.#om Address/ ,-E.,-=.*=?.,,

Notes
!very time you initiate 2ommuni2ation with a server. there will be a delay while Windows per1orms an N&6oo5up9 To eliminate the delay. use N&6oo5up to determine the %P address and then repla2e the re1eren2e with the %P address9 This is espe2ially use1ul with appli2ations that 1re;uently a22ess the same serverN 1or e>ample. use an %P address as the mail server in your email pro0ram @or as the server name in your web browser homepa0eA 1or the best per1orman2e9 Most %nternet servi2e providers employ at least two name servers. whi2h are used 1or loo5ups 1or all o1 their 2ustomers9 %1 one 0oes down. the other ta5es up the sla259 7owever. i1 both name servers are down 1or some reason. or even Gust per1ormin0 poorly. it 2an disable most %nternet 2ommuni2ation9 %1. however. you use %P addresses as des2ribed in the previous note. you eliminate your sus2eptibility to this problem9 &in2e N&6oo5up. as well as the automati2 loo5ups per1ormed behind the s2enes. all depend on your %&P's name servers. they are sus2eptible to re2eivin0 outdated in1ormation9 %1 you're havin0 trouble a22essin0 a parti2ular server. you 2an use an N&6oo5up 0ateway to double 2he25 your 1indin0s9 "n N&6oo5up 0ateway is simply a web(enabled version o1 N&6oo5up9 %t 2an also be used to per1orm loo5upsN however. i1 the 0ateway site is outside your %nternet servi2e provider. it will use its own name servers and there1ore may provide more up(to(date in1ormation9 To 1ind su2h a site. per1orm a web sear2h 1or I1S)oo?up Batewa$9I N&6oo5up also per1orms a loo5up o1 the %P address o1 your lo2al 2omputer and displays it be1ore per1ormin0 the re;uested loo5 up9 %n many 2ases. thou0h. it will 1ail. whi2h means that you may see an error messa0e every time you run N&6oo5up @su2h as I3an't 1ind server name999IA9 7owever. this won't inter1ere with N&6oo5up's primary 1un2tion9 Windows 2a2hes some loo5ups. whi2h means that you may see outdated in1ormation9 To 1lush the 2a2he. type ipconfiB /flushdns at the 2ommand prompt9 &ee Windows %P 3on1i0uration. later in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation9

See '(so
Pin0. Tra2ert. Windows %P 3on1i0uration

%(F Compression +tilit$

\windows\system54\compact)e"e

Biew or 2on1i0ure the automati2 1ile 2ompression on NT & drives9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

compact

Usage
#ompa#t 05# Z 5u2 05s0/dir22 05a2 05i2 05%2 05&2 0filename2

8escription
One o1 the 1eatures o1 the NT & 1ilesystem @see "T to NT & 3onversion :tility. earlier in this 2hapterA is its support 1or automati2 2ompression o1 individual 1ilesN older 1iles 2an be optionally 2ompressed to ta5e up less dis5 spa2e at the e>pense o1 speed to a22ess them9 Ri0ht(2li25 on any 1ile or 1older. sele2t Properties. and then 2li25 the "dvan2ed button9 The I3ompress 2ontents to save dis5 spa2eI option is used to instru2t Windows to 2ompress the sele2ted item9 %1 a 1older is sele2ted. all o1 its 2ontents will be 2ompressed @you'll be prompted about any sub1oldersAN 1urthermore any 1iles added to that 1older will be automati2ally 2ompressed as well9 The NT & 3ompression :tility is the 2ommand(line e;uivalent o1 this settin0. use1ul 1or automatin0 the 2ompression or de2ompression o1 several 1iles with the help o1 a W&7 s2ript or bat2h 1ile9 The NT & 3ompression :tility ta5es the 1ollowin0 options: filename &pe2i1ies a 1ile. 1older. or 0roup o1 1iles @usin0 wild2ardsA to 2ompress or un2ompress9 ?2 3ompresses the spe2i1ied 1ile@sA9 %1 a 1older is spe2i1ied 1or filename. the 1older will be mar5ed so that subse;uent 1iles added to the 1older will be 2ompressed automati2ally9 %n2lude the /s parameter to 2ompress 1iles already in the 1older9 ?u :n2ompresses the spe2i1ied 1ile@sA9 %1 a 1older is spe2i1ied 1or filename. the 1older will be mar5ed so that subse;uent 1iles added to the 1older will not be 2ompressed automati2ally9 %n2lude the /s parameter to un2ompress 1iles already in the 1older9 ?s %1 a 1older is spe2i1ied 1or filename. the /c and /u parameters will a2t only on new 1iles added to the 1older9 %n2lude the /s parameter as well to 2ompress or un2ompress 1iles already in the 1older9 %1 filename is omitted. use the /s option to a2t on all 1iles in the 2urrent 1older9 ?a %n2ludes 1iles with hidden or system attributes setN otherwise. i0nored by compact)e"e9 ?i

?1 ?;

%0nores errorsN otherwise. compact)e"e will stop when the 1irst errors are en2ountered9 or2es 2ompression on all spe2i1ied 1ilesN otherwise. 1iles that are already 2ompressed will be s5ipped9

Cuiet modeN use this option to report only the most essential in1ormation9 %1 you run the NT & 3ompression :tility without any options. it will display the 2ompression settin0s 1or the 2urrent dire2tory and all o1 its 2ontents9

Notes
This type o1 1ile 2ompression is supported on NT & drives only9 %1 you wish to 2ompress 1iles on a non(NT & drive. you 2an either up0rade to NT & or use a third(party 2ompression utility @su2h as WinFipA9 Do to 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK older Options Biew tab and turn on the I&how en2rypted or 2ompressed NT & 1iles in 2olorI option to visually di11erentiate su2h 1iles 1rom unen2rypted. un2ompressed 1iles9 or tan0ible proo1 that a 0iven 1older or 1ile is a2tually 2ompressed. ri0ht( 2li25 on it in !>plorer and sele2t Properties9 %1 the I&i4e on dis5I value is less than the I&i4eI value. then the item is 2ompressed9

See '(so
"T to NT & 3onversion :tility. I3ompress old 1ilesI in Dis5 3leanup. NT & !n2ryption :tility

%(F

0ncr$ption +tilit$

\windows\system54\cipher)e"e

Biew or 2on1i0ure the automati2 1ile en2ryption on NT & drives9 @NT & !n2ryption :tility is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
3ommand Prompt

cipher

Usage
#ipher 05eZ5d2 05s2 05a2 05i2 05%2 05&2 05h2 0filename2 #ipher 5' #ipher 5' #ipher 5r/efs(file #ipher 5' #ipher 5r/efs(file #ipher 5w/dir #ipher 5' #ipher 5r/efs(file #ipher 5w/dir #ipher 5u 05n2

8escription
!n2ryption is used to prevent unauthori4ed a22ess to your data. and one o1 the 1eatures o1 the NT & 1ilesystem @see "T to NT & 3onversion :tility. earlier in this 2hapterA is its built(in support 1or automati2 en2ryption o1 1iles and 1olders usin0 Ipubli2 5ey 2rypto0raphy9I NT & en2ryption is invisible and en2rypted 1iles are opened as easily as de2rypted 1iles9 The di11eren2e is that other users. either those who a22ess your 2omputer remotely @via My Networ5 Pla2es. Telnet. or TPA or those who also lo0 into your 2omputer under a di11erent user a22ount. will not be able to open or read en2rypted 1iles on your system9 Ri0ht(2li25 on any 1ile or 1older. sele2t Properties. and then 2li25 the "dvan2ed button9 The I!n2rypt 2ontents to se2ure dataI option is used to instru2t Windows to en2rypt the sele2ted item9 %1 a 1older is sele2ted. all o1 its 2ontents will be en2rypted @you'll be prompted about any sub1oldersAN 1urthermore. any 1iles added to that 1older will be automati2ally en2rypted as well9 The NT & !n2ryption :tility is the 2ommand(line e;uivalent o1 this settin0. but it adds several power1ul 1eatures not normally available throu0h !>plorer9 %t's also use1ul 1or automatin0 the en2ryption or de2ryption o1 several 1iles with the help o1 a W&7 s2ript or bat2h 1ile9 The NT & !n2ryption :tility ta5es the 1ollowin0 options: filename &pe2i1ies a 1ile. 1older. or 0roup o1 1iles @usin0 wild2ardsA to 2ompress or un2ompress9 Omit filename to a2t on the 2urrent dire2tory9 ?e !n2rypts the spe2i1ied 1ile@sA9 %1 a 1older is spe2i1ied 1or filename. the 1older will be mar5ed so that subse;uent 1iles added to the 1older will be en2rypted automati2ally9 %n2lude the /a parameter to en2rypt 1iles already in the 1older and the /s parameter to a2t on subdire2tories as well9 ?d De2rypts the spe2i1ied 1ile@sA9 %1 a 1older is spe2i1ied 1or filename. the 1older will be mar5ed so that subse;uent 1iles added to the 1older will be de2rypted automati2ally9 %n2lude the /a parameter to de2rypt 1iles already in the 1older and the /s parameter to a2t on subdire2tories as well9 ?s 'y de1ault. i1 filename is a dire2tory. the /e or /d options a2t on the spe2i1ied dire2tory. but not on any subdire2tories9 %n2lude /s to in2lude all subdire2tories as well9 :se the ?a option to en2rypt the 1iles stored in these dire2tories9 ?a Operates on 1iles as well as 1olders9 %1 1olders and 1iles are not *oth mar5ed to be en2rypted. it's possible 1or an en2rypted 1ile to be2ome de2rypted when it is modi1ied i1 its parent 1older is not en2rypted ?i %0nores errorsN otherwise. cipher)e"e will stop when the 1irst errors are en2ountered9 ?1 or2es en2ryption on all spe2i1ied 1ilesN otherwise. 1iles that are already en2rypted will be s5ipped9 ?; Cuiet modeN use this option to report only the most essential in1ormation9 ?h %n2ludes 1iles with hidden or system attributes setN otherwise. i0nored by cipher)e"e9 ?5 Denerates and displays a new 1ile en2ryption 5ey @2erti1i2ate thumbprintA 1or the 2urrent user9 The /? option 2annot be used with any other options9 ?r: efs(file

?w:

?u

Denerates an !n2ryptin0 ile &ystem @! &A re2overy a0ent 5ey and 2erti1i2ate. and then writes them to efs(file)pf" @2ontainin0 the 2erti1i2ate and private 5eyA and efs(file)cer 1ile @2ontainin0 only the 2erti1i2ateA9 &in2e the /r option will automati2ally add the appropriate 1ile e>tensions. all you need to spe2i1y is the path and 1ile pre1i> 1or efs(file9 &ee Notes 1or more in1ormation9 dir IWipesI the drive 2ontainin0 dire2tory dir9 When a 1ile is deleted in Windows. only that 1ile's entry in the 1ilesystem table is deletedN the a2tual data 2ontained in the 1ile remains on the hard dis5 until it is overwritten with another 1ile9 Wipin0 a drive writes over all unused portions o1 the dis5. possibly 2ontainin0 deleted 1iles so that previously deleted data 2annot be re2overed9 The /w option does not harm e>istin0 data. nor does it a11e2t any 1iles 2urrently stored in the Re2y2le 'in9 This is an e>treme 1orm o1 data se2urity and should be used on a re0ular basis i1 se2urity is a bi0 2on2ern9 :pdates all en2rypted 1iles on all lo2al drives9 /u is used to ensure that your 1ile en2ryption 5ey or re2overy a0ent 5ey are 2urrent9 The /u option 2annot be used with any other options. e>2ept 1or /n9

?n

Modi1ies ?u so that en2rypted 1iles are only listed. not updated9 Type cipher /u /n to list all the en2rypted 1iles on your system9 The /n option 2an only be used in 2onGun2tion with /u9 %1 you run the NT & !n2ryption :tility without any options. it will display the en2ryption settin0s 1or the 2urrent dire2tory and all o1 its 2ontents9

Notes
Windows supports pla2in0 en2rypted 1iles in nonen2rypted 1olders. but you'll be warned. by de1ault. i1 you try to do so9 The reason 1or this is that. when modi1yin0 a 1ile. some appli2ations delete the 1ile and then re(2reate it. and i1 the 1older is not mar5ed to en2rypt new 1iles. the on2e(en2rypted 1ile will be2ome de2rypted without warnin09 %1 you en2rypt some or all o1 the 1iles on your drive and your hard dis5 2rashes. or you en2ounter some other pro0ram that re;uires Windows to be reinstalled. you may not be able to a22ess your previously en2rypted 1iles @assumin0 they're still inta2tA9 8ou 2an avoid this by usin0 the /r parameter to 0enerate a Ire2overy a0ent 5ey.I a 2rypto0raphi2 5ey that 2an be used to unlo25 1iles in the event o1 an emer0en2y9 8ou should be able to use this 5ey to subse;uently 0ain a22ess to your en2rypted 1iles when ne2essary9 or more in1ormation. 0o to &tart 7elp and &upport and sear2h 1or I2rypto0raphy9I The /w option. used to wipe unused data on a drive. isn't stri2tly a 1orm o1 en2ryption and 2an be used whether or not you employ Windows XP's built( in en2ryption9 NT & drives support both en2ryption and 2ompression. but a 0iven 1ile 2annot be 2ompressed and en2rypted at the same time9 %1 you attempt to en2rypt a 2ompressed 1ile. Windows will 1irst un2ompress the 1ile9 This type o1 1ile en2ryption is supported on NT & drives only9 %1 you wish to en2rypt 1iles on a non(NT & drive. you 2an either up0rade to NT & or use a third(party 1ile en2ryption utility @su2h as!n2ryption Plus olders. a 1reeware pro0ram available at http:??www9p20uardian92om?A9

Do to 3ontrol Panel J"ppearan2e and ThemesK older Options Biew tab and turn on the I&how en2rypted or 2ompressed NT & 1iles in 2olorI option to visually di11erentiate su2h 1iles 1rom unen2rypted . un2ompressed 1iles9

See '(so
"T to NT & 3onversion :tility. NT & 3ompression :tility

Ob8ect &ackager

\windows\system54\packager)e"e

3reate Ipa25a0esI 1or insertion into do2uments9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

pac?aBer

8escription
Many lar0er appli2ations support the dra00in0 and droppin0 o1 data 1rom one pro0ram to another9 or e>ample. you 2an hi0hli0ht a do4en 2ells in Mi2roso1t !>2el. dra0 them into a Mi2roso1t Word do2ument. and Word will insert the dropped data as a new table9 urthermore. under 2ertain 2ir2umstan2es. there will be an a2tive lin5 between the two appli2ations so that you 2ould ma5e a 2han0e to one o1 the spreadsheet 2ells and the 2han0e would be re1le2ted in the Word do2ument immediately9 "s you mi0ht e>pe2t. there's more 0oin0 on behind the s2enes to ma5e all this possible than mi0ht be immediately apparent9 %ndeed. Windows 2reates a Ipa25a0eI 2ontainin0 the sele2ted data and then inserts that pa25a0e into the tar0et do2ument9 Mi2roso1t has 0iven many names to this te2hnolo0y. but their 1irst. ObGe2t 6in5in0 and !mbeddin0 @O6!A. is the one that has stu25 in many users' minds ObGe2t Pa25a0er is a tool used to 2reate su2h a pa25a0e manually. use1ul i1 you need more 1le>ibility than is a2hieved with dra0(and(drop9 The ObGe2t Pa25a0er window has two panes: the "ppearan2e pane displays the i2on that will represent the pa25a0e and the 3ontent pane displays the name o1 the 1ile that 2ontains the in1ormation you want to pa25a0e9 To 2hoose an i2on. 2li25 the %nsert %2on button9 To 2hoose a 1ile. 0o to ile %mport9 When you're done. 0o to !dit 3opy Pa25a0e to prepare the pa25a0e9 The last step is to swit2h to the tar0et appli2ation and paste the newly prepared pa25a0e into your do2ument9 On2e the pa25a0e i2on appears in the tar0et do2ument. you 2an a2tivate the pa25a0e by double(2li25in0 it. whi2h will open the pa25a0ed 1ile a22ordin0 to your iles Types settin0s9 or e>ample. i1 the pa25a0ed 1ile is a bitmap. a2tivatin0 the pa25a0e will open that bitmap in Paint @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA9 This preservation o1 the ori0inal 1ile's 1ormat. and its asso2iated appli2ation. is the whole point o1 ObGe2t Pa25a0er9 Otherwise. pastin0 a bitmap into a do2ument would be a one(way pro2edureN i1 you needed to update the bitmap at a later time. you would most li5ely need to delete the bitmap 1rom the tar0et do2ument and then repaste it9 "nother advanta0e o1 ObGe2t Pa25a0er is its ability to override the de1ault asso2iation 1or the inserted 1ile9 Do to !dit 3ommand 6ine to enter any new

appli2ation 1ilename or other 2ommand to be e>e2uted when the pa25a0e is a2tivated9

ODBC Data ource Administrator

\windows\system54\od*cad54)e"e

"dd. remove. or 2on1i0ure sour2es o1 database mana0ement system data9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "dministrative Tools Data &our2es @OD'3A

od cad67

8escription
Open Database 3onne2tivity @OD'3A is a system that 2onne2ts OD'3(enabled appli2ations to the database mana0ement systems that provide the data9 The OD'3 Data &our2e "dministrator is used to 2on1i0ure your appli2ations so that they 2an 0et data 1rom a variety o1 database mana0ement systems9 or e>ample. i1 you're usin0 an appli2ation that a22esses data in an &C6 database. the OD'3 Data &our2es "dministrator lets you 2onne2t that appli2ation to a di11erent data sour2e. su2h as a Mi2roso1t !>2el spreadsheet or a Parado> database9 %n the OD'3 Data &our2e "dministrator. the di11erent sour2es o1 data are 2alled Idata providers9I To add a new provider. 2li25 "dd under the :ser D&N. the &ystem D&N. or the ile D&N tab9 " list o1 the available drivers is listed under the Drivers tabN new drivers 2an be installed separately9 The Tra2in0 allows you to lo0 the 2ommuni2ation between appli2ations and the OD'3 data sour2es they use9 The 3onne2tion Poolin0 tab is used to improve per1orman2e with OD'3 servers9 inally. the "bout tab is used to 2he25 the versions o1 the installed OD'3 2omponents9

On- creen 6e$board

\windows\system54\osk)e"e

" 1ull. ons2reen 5eyboard 2ontrolled by the pointin0 devi2e9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories "22essibility On(&2reen Keyboard

os?

8escription
"mon0 the tools provided with Windows XP to assist those with physi2al disabilities is the On(&2reen Keyboard9 %ntended to be used by those who are unable to 2om1ortably use a 5eyboard. the On(&2reen Keyboard allows any 5ey normally available on the 5eyboard to be pressed with 2li25 o1 the mouse. or whatever pointin0 devi2e is 2urrently bein0 used @see i0ure ,(+#A9 What ma5es the On(&2reen Keyboard espe2ially appropriate as a primary input devi2e is that you 2an 2li25 5eys when another appli2ation has the 1o2us9 or

e>ample. open the On(&2reen Keyboard. and then open your word pro2essorN the 5eyboard will 1loat above the word pro2essor. allowin0 you to 2li25 any 5ey to ItypeI it into your do2ument9 3on1i0urin0 the On(&2reen Keyboard is strai0ht1orward9 :se the Keyboard menu to 2han0e the layout o1 the 5eys. or &ettin0s ont to 2han0e the 1ont o1 the 5ey labels9 Do to &ettin0s Typin0 Mode to 2hoose how 5eys are pressedN by de1ault. ea2h 5ey must be 2li25ed. but you 2an set it up so that you 2an hover over 5eys to sele2t them. or even use a Goysti25 to 2ontrol the 5eyboard9 9ig&re 7->,+ The On-Screen ?e :oard (ets o& t pe : pointing and c(icking

Notes
"lso in2luded with Windows XP is the 3hara2ter Map @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA. whi2h allows a22ess to symbols and other 2hara2ters not normally available on a standard 5eyboard9 7owever. only the On(&2reen Keyboard is desi0ned to be a primary input devi2e9

See '(so
Mi2roso1t Ma0ni1ier. Narrator. :tility Mana0er. 3hara2ter Map

OpenFiles

\windows\system54\openfiles)e"e

6ist all 2urrently open 1iles. either shared and a22essed by other users on a networ5 or @optionallyA opened lo2ally9 @Open iles is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
3ommand Prompt

openfiles

Usage
open%iles 5lo#al 0 on Z o%% 2 open%iles 5&uery 05s system 05u user 05p 0pass2222 open%iles 5&uery 05s system 05u user 05p 0pass2222 05%o %ormat2 05nh2 05v2 open%iles 5&uery 05s system 05u user 05p 0pass2222 05%o %ormat2 05nh2 05v2 open%iles 5dis#onne#t 05s system 05u user 05p 0pass2222 open%iles 5&uery 05s system 05u user 05p 0pass2222 05%o %ormat2 05nh2 05v2

open%iles 5dis#onne#t 05s system 05u user 05p 0pass2222 305id id2 05a a##essedby2 05o openmode24 05op open%ile2

8escription
The Open iles tool lets you view a list o1 all the shared 1iles that are 2urrently open a2ross the networ5 and. optionally. 1iles that are opened lo2ally9 This prevents. say. one user deletin0 a do2ument that another user is wor5in0 on9 Type openfiles without any options to display a report li5e this: <iles Opened emotely via lo#al share points/ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 $D A##essed Ly Type Open <ile 6PathKeCe#utable7 OOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO E+ JO] Windows 9/K;tu%% to GatK%rittatas.tCt *-* GDD$G Windows 9/K;tu%% to Drin'Kmil'sha'es.tCt *-@ 9JAN9H Windows 9/K;tu%% to GatKpor' #hops.tCt Open iles a22epts one o1 three primary 2ommands. ea2h o1 whi2h has a ran0e o1 parameters: ?lo2al J parametersK Turn on or o11 the in2lusion o1 lo2al 1iles in reports9 Type: open%iles 5lo#al on to turn on the 'maintain obGe2ts list' 0lobal 1la0N this settin0 is turned o11 by de1ault and re;uires Windows to be restarted when 2han0ed9 Note that turnin0 on this settin0 may sli0htly redu2e per1orman2e9 ?;uery J parametersK Display a list o1 opened 1iles and 1oldersN spe2i1y /Cuer$ 1or more 1le>ibility than usin0 openfiles without any options. su2h as the ability to 2onne2t to a di11erent ma2hine9 Type openfiles /Cuer$ /? 1or more in1ormation on the available parameters9 ?dis2onne2t J parametersK &ele2tively dis2onne2t 1iles and 1olders that have been opened remotely9 When viewin0 the list o1 open 1iles. ea2h entry has an %DN that %D 2an be used to 2lose open 1iles9 Type openfiles /disconnect /? 1or more in1ormation on the available parameters9

Notes
Open iles is available only to a user with administrator privile0es9

See '(so
Net

Outlook 0xpress

\program files\outlook e"press\msimn)e"e

"n %nternet email 2lient and news0roup reader9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams Outloo5 !>press

Double(2li25 the Outloo5 !>press i2on on the Des5top Cui25 6aun2h 'ar I6aun2h Outloo5 !>pressI 3ommand Prompt msimn

8escription
Outloo5 !>press is the email 2lient in2luded with Windows XP @see i0ure ,(+/A9 Outloo5 !>press uses a 1amiliar !>plorer(li5e tree inter1a2e to mana0e the 1olders into whi2h email messa0es are or0ani4ed9 7i0hli0ht any 1older name to display its messa0esN the 2urrently hi0hli0hted messa0e is then shown in the preview pane9 Double(2li25 the messa0e to open it in a new window 1or easier readin0 and other options9 9ig&re 7->2+ O&t(ook 6!press is the r&dimentar emai( app(ication that comes #ith "indo#s

Newly re2eived messa0es are stored in the %nbo> 1older9 iles ;ueued to be sent are stored in the Outbo> 1older. and are then moved to the &ent %tems 1older when they have been sent9 The Deleted %tems 1older is li5e the Re2y2le 'in be2ause it stores deleted messa0es until it is emptied manually9 The Dra1ts 1older stores messa0es as they're bein0 2omposed9 To add a new 1older. sele2t 6o2al olders in the tree and 0o to ile New older9 Messa0es 2an be moved 1rom 1older to 1older by dra00in0 and droppin09 The 1irst time you open Outloo5 !>press. a wi4ard wal5s you throu0h settin0 up your 1irst a22ount9 "n a22ount in Outloo5 !>press is not a2tually an email a22ount. but rather an entry in the Tools "22ounts Mail tab that 2orresponds to an e>istin0 email a22ount9 Outloo5 !>press uses either the Post O11i2e Proto2ol / @POP/A or the %nternet Messa0e "22ess Proto2ol , @%M"P,A %nternet mail proto2ols to re2eive mail and the &imple Mail Trans1er Proto2ol @&MTPA to send mail9 Nearly all %nternet &ervi2e Providers and many online servi2es @li5e "O6 and M&NA use POP/ and &MTP 1or mail trans1er9 %n addition to mail a22ounts. you 2an set up Dire2tory &ervi2e a22ounts. whi2h allow you to loo5 up 2onta2t in1ormation usin0 any o1 several online 0lobal 2onta2t lists9 Outloo5 !>press also 1un2tions as a newsreader 1or parti2ipatin0 in %nternet

news0roupsN you'll need to add a News "22ount to Outloo5 !>press be1ore you 2an read any news0roups @2onta2t your %&P 1or detailsA9 Mu2h o1 Outloo5 !>press is 1airly intuitive. and 0iven that it would re;uire more spa2e than we have here to 2over Outloo5 !>press in its entirety. the 1ollowin0 se2tions hi0hli0ht only some o1 the most use1ul and interestin0 aspe2ts o1 the pro0ram9 "22ounts @Tools "22ountsA "s stated above. the "22ounts window stores in1ormation about all o1 your email. news. and Dire2tory &ervi2e a22ounts9 3hoose the "ll tab to list them all to0ether9 8ou 2an modi1y any a22ount entry by double(2li25in0 it9 To add a new a22ount entry. 2li25 "dd and 2hoose the a22ount type9 :n1ortunately. the only way to set up an a22ount entry is to use the 2umbersome wi4ardN there's no way to s5ip ahead and use the Properties window to enter in1ormation9 When you're done with the wi4ard. you'll probably have to use the Properties window anyway to set some o1 the more advan2ed options. su2h as whether or not to automati2ally 2he25 mail 1rom this a22ount. whether to leave 2opies o1 your mail on the server. or whether to use a di11erent email address when replyin0 to messa0es sent to this a22ount9

Most problems en2ountered when sendin0 or re2eivin0 email are 2aused by improper settin0s in this window9
%1 you have more than one mail a22ount. you 2an 2hoose the de1ault by hi0hli0htin0 it and 2li25in0 &et as De1ault9 Therea1ter. that a22ount will be used as your return address when sendin0 out0oin0 email @unless you 2han0e it on a per(messa0e basisA9 The &et Order button. whi2h lets you 2hoose the sear2h order when loo5in0 up 2onta2ts in your Dire2tory &ervi2es. may be a little 2on1usin0 at 1irst9 &in2e only an entry is shown. there's nothin0 to rearran0eN to in2lude more entries in &et Order. double(2li25 ea2h entry and turn on the I3he25 names a0ainst this server when sendin0 mailI option @see i0ure ,(+,A9 9ig&re 7->7+ Config&re m&(tip(e emai( acco&nts #ith the Internet 'cco&nts dia(og

"ddress 'oo5 @Tools "ddress 'oo5A The "ddress 'oo5 is used to store names and 2onta2t in1ormation 1or people to whom you send email on a re0ular basis9 &ee "ddress 'oo5. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation9 Options @Tools OptionsA

&pe2i1y options that 0overn the behavior o1 Outloo5 !>press and apply to all mail and news a22ounts9 This is where you 2ontrol thin0s li5e how o1ten Outloo5 !>press 2he25s 1or mail when it's runnin0 and whether it is the de1ault email pro0ram9 The Dial :p tab lets you spe2i1y whether a 2onne2tion is dialed automati2ally when you start Outloo5 !>press. whether it should han0 up a1ter 0ettin0 your messa0es. and whether it should dial automati2ally when you do a &end and Re2eive9 %dentity Mana0ement @ ile %dentities Mana0e %dentitiesA %n addition to its support o1 multiple email a22ounts. Outloo5 !>press supports multiple identities. a 1eature that lets more than one person use Outloo5 !>press on the same ma2hine9 !a2h identity has its own set o1 a22ounts. settin0s. and mail9 The pre1erred approa2h is to 1or0et the %dentities 1eature. and instead set up multiple users in Windows XP @3ontrol Panel :ser "22ountsA. wherein ea2h user would have his?her own Des5top. &tart menu. and !>plorer settin0s. as well as separate a22ounts and mail in Outloo5 !>press9 The %dentity 1eature in Outloo5 !>press is 1or people who don't want to 0o to the trouble o1 dealin0 with multiple Windows users. whi2h would re;uire a se2ond user to lo0 out and then lo0 ba25 in in order to 2he25 your mail @see i0ure ,(+)A9 9ig&re 7->=+ If more than one person needs to access their emai( on the same machine3 &se the 0anage Identities dia(og to s#itch :et#een them

%t's temptin0 to use %dentities i1 you want to send out mail usin0 more than one personaN but this really isn't what the 1eature is desi0ned 1or9 %nstead. you should set up multiple a22ounts. one 1or ea2h IpersonaI you wish to assume9 &ay you have three di11erent email addresses M one 1or wor5. one 1or personal email. and one le1t over 1rom a previous Gob M all o1 whi2h are still bein0 used to re2eive email9 8ou'd li5e to retrieve all your mail at on2e and store it all in the same pla2e9 %n

addition. you want to preserve both your wor5 and personal email addresses. so when you respond to messa0es sent to either address. the return address and Ireal nameI are set appropriately9 %n this 2ase. you would set up three a22ounts in Outloo5 !>press. but only one %dentity9
To add a new identity. 0o to ile %dentities "dd New %dentity9 8ou 2an then enter the name o1 the new user and sele2t a password. i1 needed9 To swit2h identities at any time. sele2t ile &wit2h %dentity9 Note that the 1irst time you use a new identity. Outloo5 !>press will a2t as thou0h it's the 1irst time you've started the pro0ram. promptin0 you 1or personal 2onta2t in1ormation and a22ount settin0s9 The identity in use at any 0iven time will be shown in the titlebar o1 the main Outloo5 !>press window9 To share 2onta2ts in your "ddress 'oo5 between identities. open the "ddress 'oo5 and sele2t Biew olders and 0roups9 3onta2ts. by de1ault. are only made available to the user that 2reated them. but they 2an be shared by movin0 @or 2opyin0A them into the &hared 3onta2ts 1older9 Messa0e Rules @Tools Messa0e RulesA Outloo5 !>press 2an be set up to automati2ally handle in2omin0 mail in a number o1 di11erent ways9 or e>ample. you 2an set up rules instru2tin0 Outloo5 !>press to store all email retrieved 1rom your business a22ount in a 2ertain 1older. all email retrieved 1rom your personal a22ount in a di11erent 1older. and all Gun5 mail @spamA in the trash9 urthermore. you 2an have Outloo5 !>press automati2ally respond to 2ertain messa0es and mar5 some messa0es as ur0ent and others as potentially annoyin09 Do to Tools Messa0e Rules Mail to view the mail rules 2urrently in e11e2t9 %1 you haven't yet set up any rules. you would be prompted to do so nowN otherwise. 2li25 New to 2reate a new rule9 !a2h rule is set up as 1ollows: -9 Select the conditions for your rule) 3hoose one or more 2onditions that. when met. will instru2t Outloo5 !>press to ta5e the desired a2tion9 or e>ample. to 2reate a rule that applies to all email 1rom Drandma. Pla2e a 2he25mar5 ne>t to IWhere the rom line 2ontains people9I #9 Select the actions for your rule) "1ter you've 2hosen one or more 2onditions @aboveA. these options allow you to de2ide what to do with messa0es that meet those 2onditions9 or e>ample. you may wish to pla2e all o1 Drandma's email in a 2ertain 1older. in whi2h 2ase you would pla2e a 2he25mar5 ne>t to IMove it to the spe2i1ied 1older9I On the other hand. i1 Drandma drives you nuts. you may wish to pla2e a 2he25mar5 ne>t to IDelete it9I /9 $ule description) The third bo> displays a summary o1 the 2onditions and a2tions you've 2hosen. and allows you to input the spe2i1i2s9 or e>ample. i1 you've 2hosen to move all o1 Drandma's email into a 2ertain 1older. the phrase I2ontains peopleI will be underlined and hyperlin5ed. as will the word Ispe2i1ied9I 'e1ore you 2an 2omplete this rule. you must 2li25 ea2h o1 these lin5sN in the 2ase o1 I2ontains people.I you would type Drandma's email address9 6i5ewise. in the 2ase o1 Ispe2i1ied.I you would sele2t the ima0e o1 the 1older in whi2h to store Drandma's email9

,9 Name of the rule) inally. 2hoose a label 1or the ruleN althou0h the name ma5es no di11eren2e. it will allow you to easily identi1y and di11erentiate the rules9 Don't e>pe2t to 0et all your rules ri0ht the 1irst time9 or e>ample. a1ter settin0 up several rules to delete spam. you may 1ind that some le0itimate messa0es are bein0 inadvertently deleted as well9 "1ter 2reatin0 a new rule. s2rutini4e its per1orman2e as new mail is retrieved9 8ou 2an also 2reate new rules on the 1ly. usin0 some o1 the 2onte>t( based tools in Outloo5 !>press9 &tart by openin0 a messa0e. and then 0o to Messa0e 3reate Rule 1rom Messa0e9 7ere. the 1amiliar rule dialo0 bo> is shown. but some 1ields have been 1illed in with in1ormation 1rom the sele2ted messa0e9 6i5ewise. you 2an 0o to Messa0e 'lo25 &ender to pla2e the sender on the 'lo25ed &ender 6ist @Tools Messa0e Rules 'lo25ed &ender 6istA. whi2h 2auses subse;uent email 1rom the sender to be deleted automati2ally9 While not te2hni2ally a new rule. the 'lo25ed &ender 6ist does have a similar e11e2t and is easier to implement and mana0e9

'e sure to read the messa0e that pops up ri0ht a1ter you add a sender to the 'lo25ed &enders 6ist9 &ele2tin0 the 8es button will automati2ally move every messa0e in any 1older 1rom this sender into the Deleted %tems 1older9 This is espe2ially dan0erous @i1 you sele2t 8es by mista5eA i1 you've 2he25ed the Tools Options Maintenan2e I!mpty messa0es 1rom the Deleted %tems 1older on e>itI bo>9
Messa0e la0 Messa0e This does e>a2tly what it sounds li5e9 &ele2t one or several messa0es and 2li25 the la0 Messa0e 2ommand to add a little 1la0 in a 2olumn @as lon0 as the 2olumn is a2tivated at Biew 3olumnsA near the messa0e to remind yoursel1 that the messa0e needs a 1ollow(up9 8ou 2an also Gust 2li25 in the 1la0 2olumn to add a 1la0 to a messa0e9 To remove the 1la0. sele2t the messa0e@sA and 2li25 the 2ommand a0ain. or Gust 2li25 on the 1la0 itsel19 8ou 2an sort the messa0es by this 2olumn to 0roup all the 1la00ed messa0es 1or later review9 3onversations @Messa0e Wat2h 3onversation. Messa0e %0nore 3onversationA " 2onversation is a 2ontinuous series o1 email or news0roup messa0es. o1ten 2alled athread9 or e>ample i1 you were to write an email with the subGe2t IPropane !laine.I it mi0ht spar5 a series o1 messa0es between you and the re2ipient. all o1 whi2h would have the subGe2t. IRe: Propane !laine9I This thread o1 messa0es is 2alled a I2onversationI in Outloo5 !>press. and there are tools in2luded 1or dealin0 with 2onversations9 8ou 2an Iwat2hI a 2onversation that is o1 interest to you by hi0hli0htin0 a messa0e and 0oin0 to Messa0e Wat2h 3onversation9 6i5ewise. you 2an Ii0noreI a 2onversation by 0oin0 to Messa0e %0norin0 3onversation9 !ither o1 these will pla2e an i2on in the Wat2h?%0nore 2olumn: sun0lasses or a red 2ir2le with a line throu0h it. respe2tively9 3li25 the i2on to to00le between Wat2h. %0nore. and nothin09

or the most part. this is merely a de2orative settin0N it doesn't a11e2t the way Outloo5 !>press handles these messa0es9 7owever. you 2an 2hoose to hi0hli0ht Wat2hed 2onversations and hide %0nored 2onversations. as 1ollows9 8ou 2an 2ustomi4e the 2olor o1 messa0es in wat2hed 2onversations by 0oin0 to Tools Options Read tab 7i0hli0ht wat2hed messa0es9 To hide all messa0es in a 2onversation mar5ed as %0nored. 0o to Biew 3urrent Biew 7ide Read or %0nored Messa0es9 Then. 0o to Biew 3urrent Biew 3ustomi4e 3urrent Biew. pla2e a 2he25mar5 ne>t to IWhere the messa0es wat2hed or i0nored.I and 2li25 the lin5s @see aboveA so that des2ription reads: IWhere the messa0e is i0nored. 7ide the messa0e9I inally. i1 you sele2t Biew 3urrent Biew Droup Messa0es by 3onversation. messa0es in 2onversations will be 0rouped in e>pandable bran2hes. li5e the 1olders in !>plorer9 Signatures and Stationary " si0nature is a bit o1 te>t that is automati2ally pla2ed at the end o1 every out0oin0 messa0e you write9 Do to Tools Options &i0nature tab @see i0ure ,(++A to 2reate and edit si0natures9 Ma5e sure you turn on the I"dd si0natures to all out0oin0 messa0esI option9 8ou 2an have as many si0natures as you want and you 2an even have a di11erent de1ault si0nature 1or ea2h a22ountN Gust 2li25 "dvan2ed and 2hoose the a22ount with whi2h the 2urrent si0nature should be asso2iated9 To use a si0nature on a per( messa0e basis. 0o to %nsert &i0nature in the messa0e 2omposition window9 9ig&re 7->>+ Use signat&res to add a footer to ever emai( o& send

&tationery is Gust as you e>pe2tN it imposes a visual style on your messa0e. in2ludin0 2olors and even ima0es9 &tationary 1iles are Gust )html 1iles @web pa0esA. stored by de1ault in \Program ?iles\Common ?iles\#icrosoft Shared\Stationary9 They 2an be edited with any web pa0e editor or plain te>t editor9 To 2reate new stationery or to use one o1 the supplied templates. 0o to Tools Options 3ompose tab9 3li25 3reate New to start a wi4ard to build a new stationery 1ile 1or you9 Pla2e to 2he25mar5 ne>t to Mail or News. and then 2li25 &ele2t to 2hoose an )html 1ile to set as the de1ault stationery9 :n1ortunately. you 2an't set de1ault stationery 1or ea2h

a22ount @somethin0 !udora lets you doA. but you 2an 2hoose stationary on a per(messa0e basis by 0oin0 to ormat "pply &tationary in the messa0e 2omposition window9 'oth si0natures and stationery are shown in your messa0e as you write. so you 2an modi1y them as needed without disruptin0 the permanent si0nature or stationary 1ile9 To ma5e a template. use1ul when repeatedly sendin0 messa0es that are similar. open a stationary 1ile in a web pa0e editor @or plain te>t editor. i1 you're 1amiliar with 7TM6A and type whatever te>t 2ontent you need9

Notes
"lternatives to Outloo5 !>press in2lude the popular !udora !mail @http:??www9eudora92omA by Cual2omm. the web(based 7otmail email servi2e @http:??www9hotmail92omA by Mi2roso1t. and P%N! 1or those die(hard :ni> users9 &in2e it is an inte0rated 2omponent o1 Windows. Outloo5 !>press is o1ten the tar0et o1 virus and TroGan horse atta25s9 Many o1 the re2ent widespread virus in1estations have e>ploited the vulnerabilities in Outloo5 !>press to repli2ate themselves. sometimes by sendin0 a virus(in1ested atta2hment to everyone in your 2onta2t list9 The same applies to Outloo5. O!'s bi0 sister. whi2h is in2luded with Mi2roso1t O11i2e9 To prote2t yoursel1. you should 2onsider installin0 antivirus so1tware. or even usin0 a di11erent email pro0ram9 %1 you have more than one a22ount setup in Outloo5 !>press. only one a22ount 2an be the de1ault at any time9 "lthou0h you 2an 2hoose a rom a22ount ea2h time you 2ompose out0oin0 mail. the de1ault a22ount is the one that is used i1 you don't ma5e a 2hoi2e9 :n1ortunately. there's no way to set up a Messa0e Rule @see aboveA to 2han0e the de1ault a22ount used when respondin0 to in2omin0 messa0esN 1or that. you'll need a more 1ull(1eatured email pro0ram li5e !udora9 The 1ilename msimn)e"e 0ives a taste o1 the history o1 this pro0ram9 Ori0inally 2alled Mi2roso1t %nternet Mail and News. it was renamed Outloo5 !>press to position it as the IliteI version o1 Mi2roso1t's Outloo5 appli2ation9 %n 1a2t. the two pro0rams share nothin0 but the name9 'y de1ault. Outloo5 !>press automati2ally 2ompa2ts your mail and news 1iles when it dete2ts that #$ per2ent o1 your stora0e spa2e is bein0 wasted9 8ou 2an adGust this per2enta0e usin0 Tools Options Maintenan2e I3ompa2t 1iles when999I9 8ou 2an also 2li25 3lean :p Now here to per1orm the 2ompression whenever you want9 %1 you want to use Outloo5 !>press when you're not 2onne2ted to the %nternet. 0o to ile Wor5 O11line9 %1 you are usin0 a dial(up 2onne2tion. you may even want to 1urther redu2e online time by 2on1i0urin0 Outloo5 !>press to han0 up a1ter sendin0 and re2eivin0 messa0es9 To do this. 0o to Tools Options 3onne2tion tab and turn on the I7an0 up a1ter sendin0 and re2eivin0I options9 %1 autodial is enabled. Outloo5 !>press will re2onne2t automati2ally when you 0o to Tools &end and Re2eive9 %1 you a22ess the same a22ount 1rom two di11erent 2omputers. you may wish to set up one 2omputer to download messa0es. but not delete them 1rom the server9 &et up your other system to delete messa0es a1ter downloadin0

them9 This way. one system always has a 2omplete set o1 messa0es9 Do this by usin0 Tools "22ounts an$ account Properties "dvan2ed tab 6eave a 2opy o1 messa0es on server9 %1 you have multiple a22ounts set up and do not want one in2luded when you 2li25 &end and Re2eive. 0o to Tools "22ounts an$ account Properties Deneral tab. and desele2t I%n2lude this a22ount when re2eivin0 mail or syn2hroni4in09I To send a 1ile alon0 with an email messa0e. 0o to %nsert ile "tta2hment in the messa0e 2omposition window. or Gust dra0 the 1ile 1rom your Des5top or !>plorer into the body o1 messa0e9 %1 Outloo5 !>press is your de1ault email pro0ram. you 2an also send a 1ile as an email atta2hment by ri0ht( 2li25in0 it and sele2tin0 &end To Mail Re2ipient9 This opens a new. blan5 messa0e with the 1ile atta2hment in2luded9 Outloo5 !>press supports ri2h te>t email. whi2h adds 1onts. 2olor. ima0es. and other 1ormattin0 to otherwise plain te>t(based email9 There is a drawba25. however. in that users o1 older email pro0rams may not be able to read ri2h te>t email. instead seein0 only 0ibberish9 8ou 2an 2on1i0ure or turn o11 the support 1or ri2h te>t email by 0oin0 to Tools Options &end tab9 "lso note when you send an atta2hment with a ri2h(te>t email messa0e. re2ipients who view messa0es in plain te>t will o1ten not re2eive your atta2hments inta2t9 %1 you are have that problem. you 2an either disable Outloo5 !>press's support 1or ri2h te>t email or simply 2han0e the 1ormat 1or an individual messa0e usin0 that messa0e window's ormat menu9 %t 2an be annoyin0 to wade throu0h the thousands o1 messa0es that 2an e>ist in a sin0le news0roup9 3ustom views wor5 li5e Rules @aboveA and let you weed out some o1 the e>traneous messa0es9 or e>ample. you 2an hide messa0es written by 2ertain users @in :senet parlan2e. this is re1erred to as a Ibo4o 1ilterIA. 2ontain 2ertain words in the subGe2t. are over a 2ertain len0th. or are over a 2ertain a0e9 Do to Biew 3urrent Biew 3ustomi4e 3urrent Biew to set your pre1eren2es9

&aint

\windows\system54\mspaint)e"e

" rudimentary ima0e editor. used to 2reate and modi1y )*mp. )>pg. )gif. )tif. and )png ima0e 1iles9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories Paint

mspaint

8escription
Paint is a basi2 ima0e editor @o1ten 2alled a Ipaint pro0ramIA 2apable o1 2reatin0 and modi1yin0 mostWindows 'itmap @)*mpA. Eoint Photo0raphi2 !>perts Droup @)>pgA. 3ompuserve Draphi2s %nter2han0e ormat @)gifA. Ta00ed %ma0e ile ormat

@)tifA. and Portable Networ5 Draphi2s @)pngA ima0e 1iles9 %n essen2e. Paint is to ima0e 1iles as Notepad is to te>t 1iles @see i0ure ,(+<A9 9ig&re 7->@+ The Paint &ti(it provides a fe# r&dimentar too(s for #orking #ith image fi(es

The 1irst time you start Paint. you'll 0et a blan5 @whiteA ima0e. ,$$ > /$$ pi>els in si4e9 Dependin0 on the si4e o1 the Paint window. you may see the entire 2anvas. surrounded by a 0ray border9 To 2han0e the si4e o1 the ima0e. 0o to %ma0e "ttributes. and type new values9 The de1ault units are pi>els. but i1 you 2hoose in2hes or 2entimeters. the si4e o1 the ima0e will be 2al2ulated usin0 the resolution displayed at the top o1 the window9 or e>ample. i1 you spe2i1y an ima0e si4e o1 =I > --I at +, dots per in2h @- dot U - pi>elA. the resultin0 ima0e dimensions will be =S+, > --S+,. or )-# > +,$ pi>els9 The pi>els are the only thin0 that is important i1 the ima0e is to be displayed on the s2reen or in a web pa0eN the dimensions in in2hes or 2entimeters are only important i1 you're printin0 the ima0e9 "t the bottom o1 the window. you'll see a 2olor paletteN the le1tmost bo> shows the 2urrently sele2ted 1ore0round and ba250round 2olors9 3hoose a new 1ore0round 2olor by le1t(2li25in0 on any 2olor in the paletteN 2hoose a new ba250round 2olor by ri0ht(2li25in09 The roles o1 the 1ore0round and ba250round 2olors depend on the 2urrently sele2ted tool @see belowA9 or e>ample. i1 you draw a 1illed(in ellipse @2hoose the ellipse tool and then sele2t the se2ond variationA. the 1ore0round 2olor will appear as the border and the ba250round 2olor will be used to 1ill the ellipse9 8ou 2an mi> your own 2olors by 0oin0 to 3olors !dit 3olors9 To the le1t o1 the do2ument area is a simple toolbo>9 !a2h tool has a di11erent 1un2tion used to manipulate the ima0e in some way9 The 1irst two tools are used to sele2t portions o1 the ima0e: the star sele2ts an irre0ular shape and the re2tan0le sele2ts a re2tan0le9 The eraser tool wor5s li5e a paintbrush. e>2ept that it paints with the ba250round 2olor9 The paint bu25et is used to 1ill a bounded area with a solid 2olor9 The eyedropper is used to set the 1ore0round or ba250round 2olors to an area in the ima0e9 The ma0ni1yin0 0lass 4ooms in and outN le1t(2li25 to 4oom and ri0ht(2li25 to 4oom out9 The pen2il i2on draws sin0le(pi>el(width lines. and the paintbrush draws with a variety o1 brush si4es. 2hosen in the brush palette beneath the toolbo>N the le1t mouse button draws with the 1ore0round 2olor. and the ri0ht mouse button draws with the ba250round 2olor9 The spray 2an draws by splatterin0 random dots9 The " tool is used to add te>t to an ima0e. althou0h on2e te>t has been applied. it be2omes part o1 the ima0e and 2an't be 2han0ed9 The line tool is used to draw a strai0ht line between two pointsN 2hoose the s;ui00ly line tool to

1irst draw a strai0ht line. and then distort the line with a third 2li259 The last 1our tools are shapesN 2hoose the shape. and then 2hoose whether or not it will be 1illed or have a border by usin0 the brush palette below9 %n addition to these basi2 tools. there are some other 0oodies9 Do to ile &et as 'a250round @Tiled or 3enteredA sets the 2urrent ima0e as the Windows Des5top wallpaper @it only wor5s i1 the 1ile has been 1irst saved as a )*mp 1ileA9 :se Biew Biew 'itmap to temporarily 1ill the s2reen with the ima0eN 2li25 or press any 5ey to 0o ba259 !ntries in the %ma0e menu let you per1orm some e>tra 1un2tions. su2h as 1lippin0. rotatin0. and stret2hin0 the ima0e9

Notes
%1 you're 2reatin0 an ima0e 1ile to be used on a web pa0e. that 1ile must be saved usin0 the )>pg or )gif 1ormat. a sele2tion that is made in the ile &ave "s bo>9 )*mp 1iles. while visible in some versions o1 %nternet !>plorer. are not a suitable 1ile 1ormat 1or web pa0es. mostly be2ause most web browsers will not be able to read them9 Note that it is not enou0h to simply rename a 1ile to a di11erent 1ormatN you must open it and save it as the new 1ormat9 %1 you paste an ima0e into M&Paint that is lar0er than the bitmap you 2urrently have open. you are prompted and 2an 2hoose to have the bitmap enlar0ed9 %1 you'd li5e the !>plorer to show miniature previews @i2onsA o1 )*mp 1iles in !>plorer and on your Des5top. ma5e the 1ollowin0 2han0es to your Re0istry:

*. Open the Re0istry !ditor @see 3hapter < 1or detailsA9 ,. Navi0ate to %&E'(C)*SSES(ROO+,<aint.<icture,DefaultIcon 9 F. Double(2li25 the Default value and 2han0e the value data to UA"U
@with the ;uotesA9 ,9 3lose the Re0istry !ditor when you're done9 To 2han0e the i2on to its de1ault. repeat the above steps. instead typin0 mspaint.e#e." 1or the value data in &tep /9 or a more advan2ed ima0e editin0 and ima0e 1ormat 2onversion tool. download the shareware version o1 Paint &hop Pro 1rom http:??www9Gas292om?9

See '(so
Windows Pi2ture and a> Biewer

&entium Bug Checker

\windows\system54\pentnt)e"e

3he25 your pro2essor 1or the loatin0 Point Division Pentium bu09

To Open

3ommand Prompt

pentnt

8escription
'a25 in -**,. a bu0 was dis2overed in a 2ertain number o1 %ntel Pentium pro2essors in whi2h 2ertain mathemati2al operations would yield an in2orre2t result9 The bu0 was 1i>ed in all Pentium pro2essors produ2ed a1ter -**,9 %n the unli5ely event that you're runnin0 Windows XP on a 2omputer that old. open a 2ommand prompt and type pentnt to test your pro2essor 1or the bu09

Notes
or more in1ormation on the D%B bu0. 0o to http:??www9u5ans9edu?2wis?units?%PP'R?pentiumZ1div?pent0rph9html9

&er#ormance Log Manager

\windows\system54\logman)e"e

Mana0e the IPer1orman2e 6o0s and "lertsI servi2e 1or 2reatin0 and mana0in0 !vent Tra2e &ession lo0s and Per1orman2e lo0s9 @Per1orman2e 6o0 Mana0er is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
3ommand Prompt

loBman

Usage
lo"man command collection(name 0options2

8escription
The Per1orman2e 6o0 Mana0er is a 2ommand(line utility used to mana0e Per1orman2e 6o0s and !vent Tra2e &ession lo0s9 3ommands 2an be any o1 the 1ollowin0 @type loBman command /? 1or help with ea2h oneA: 2reate 3reates a new 2olle2tion9 start &tarts an e>istin0 2olle2tion and sets the be0in time to manual9 stop &tops an e>istin0 2olle2tion and sets the end time to manual9 delete Deletes an e>istin0 2olle2tion9 ;uery Cueries 2olle2tion properties9 %1 collection(name is omitted. all 2olle2tions are listed9 update :pdates the properties o1 an e>istin0 2olle2tion9

Notes

The Per1orman2e 6o0 Mana0er is lar0ely repla2ed by the IPer1orman2e 6o0s and "lertsI 3onsole @perfmon)mscAN see Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or details9

&er#ormance Logs and Alerts

\windows\system54\perfmon)msc

&ee Mi2roso1t Mana0ement 3onsole9

&hone and Modem Options

\windows\system\telephon)cpl

3on1i0ure yourmodem and telephony devi2es and 2hoose dialin0 pre1eren2es9

To Open
3ontrol Panel JPrinters and Other 7ardwareK 3ommand Prompt telephon.cpl 3ommand Prompt control telephon$ Phone and Modem Options

8escription
"lthou0h D&6 and 2able %nternet a22ess are rapidly ma5in0 modems obsolete. they're still used by more users than any other type o1 devi2e to 2onne2t to the %nternet and send 2omputer(based 1a>es9 These settin0s a11e2t how Windows uses your modem@sA: Dialing $ules "ssumin0 your modem is properly installed @see the Modems tabA. Windows will use these settin0s to determine how to dial9 3li25 !dit to 2han0e the dialin0 rules 1or the sele2ted lo2ation @see i0ure ,(+=A9 Multiple lo2ations 2an be 2on1i0ured i1 you have a portable 2omputer and need to dial out 1rom within di11erent area 2odes or 1rom varyin0 phone numbers with di11erent dialin0 re;uirements9 9ig&re 7->A+ If o& &se a porta:(e comp&ter3 o& ma config&re m&(tip(e (ocations for dia(ing #ant to

"s you undoubtedly 5now. i1 you dial a phone number in your own area 2ode. you usually don't need to in2lude the area 2ode9 or this reason. Windows needs to 5now whi2h area 2ode it's in. as well as any spe2ial numbers that are re;uired to dial outside lines. pla2e international 2alls. pla2e 2allin0(2ard 2alls. or disable 2all waitin0 @so you won't 0et interrupted by in2omin0 2allsA9 #odems 'e1ore a modem 2an be used with Networ5 3onne2tions @whi2h repla2es Dial(:p Networ5in0. 1ound in earlier versions o1 WindowsA or with Mi2roso1t's 1a> servi2e. it must be 2on1i0ured here9 The items listed here are the same as those listed in the Modems bran2h in Devi2e Mana0er @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA. so i1 Windows has dete2ted your modem throu0h plu0(and( play. 1or e>ample. there's probably nothin0 le1t to do here9 %1 your modem doesn't show up in the list. it's probably not plu0(and(play 2ompliantN 2li25 "dd to start the "dd 7ardware Wi4ard @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA to s2an your system and install the appropriate drivers9 &ele2t your modem 1rom the list and 2li25 Properties to view the devi2e's Properties sheet. whi2h is the same as the one in Devi2e Mana0er9 O1 spe2ial interest here is the Dia0nosti2s tab. whi2h will 2ommuni2ate with your modem and provide troubleshootin0 data. and the "dvan2ed tab. whi2h allows you to spe2i1y a modem initiali4ation strin0 @re1er to your modem's do2umentationA9 Don't waste your time tryin0 to 0et an old modem to wor5 with Windows XPN brand(new plu0(and(play P3% modems are ridi2ulously 2heap and e>tremely easy to install9 Ad.anced The "dvan2ed tab lists the telephony drivers 2urrently installed on your system9 Drivers 2an be added. removed. or 2on1i0ured here9 Note that unless you use a telephony appli2ation. you'll never need to tou2h these settin0s9

Notes
"ll o1 the settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9

See '(so

3ontrol Panel

&hone Dialer

\program files\windows nt\dialer)e"e

Ma5e voi2e 2alls. video 2alls. and 2on1eren2e 2alls usin0 a phone line or %nternet 2onne2tion9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt "22essories 3ommuni2ations Phone Dialer

dialer

8escription
Phone Dialer is a surprisin0ly 2omplete pro0ram. 0iven that most people don't even 5now it e>ists9 The primary Phone Dialer window is essentially a 2onta2t list. whi2h allows you to initiate a 2all or 2on1eren2e with one or more people @see i0ure ,( +*A9 To pla2e a 2all. 2li25 the Dial button or sele2t Phone DialN i1 no 2onta2t is sele2ted @1rom either the &peed Dial 1older or 1rom one o1 the %nternet Dire2tories 1oldersA. you'll be prompted to enter the other party's 2onta2t in1ormation9 "nother Phone Dialer user 2an be 2onta2ted in one o1 the 1ollowin0 ways @spe2i1ied either in the Dial window or when editin0 a &peed Dial entryA: 9ig&re 7->.+ The Phone 8ia(er is not &sed to dia( o&r phone3 :&t to initiate voice and video conferences over a net#ork

Phone Call 3hoose this option to use your modem to 2all another user's modem over standard telephone lines9 Naturally. it's simpler to Gust pi25 up the phone and pla2e an old(1ashioned phone 2allN and while Phone Dialer supports video. 1ew analo0 modems are 1ast enou0h to a22ommodate two(way video 2ommuni2ation9 Internet Call Whether you're 2onne2tin0 over the %nternet or over a lo2al networ5. 2hoose %nternet 3all to initiate a 2all9 %1 you're 2onne2tin0 over the %nternet. enter the other user's %P addressN i1 you're 2onne2tin0 over a lo2al networ5. enter the other user's 2omputer name @without the ,, pre1i>A9 or the 2all to 0o throu0h. the other user must also have Phone Dialer open9 When a 2all is re2eived. the re2ipient 2an a22ept or reGe2t the in2omin0 2all9 " 2on1eren2e. as opposed to 2all. allows you to 2ommuni2ate with several users at on2e9 To start a 2on1eren2e. 2li25 New in the toolbar or 0o to Phone New 3on1eren2e9 Then. other users 2all you to Goin the 2on1eren2e9

Notes
6i5e Mi2roso1t NetMeetin0. dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapter. Phone Dialer lets you use your 2omputer as a telephone. initiatin0 and 2ondu2tin0 voi2e and video 2onversations over an %nternet 2onne2tion @or even usin0 standard phone lines. althou0h % 1ail to see the pointA9 O1 the two. NetMeetin0 has more 1eatures and is easier to use. but Phone Dialer is the only one that wor5s over phone lines9 The hardware re;uirements 1or voi2e and video 2alls with Phone Dialer are the same as those with Mi2roso1t NetMeetin09 7owever. NetMeetin0 and Phone Dialer are not 2ompatible with one anotherN 2alls pla2ed with NetMeetin0 2an't be answered by Phone Dialer. and vi2e versa9 Phone Dialer is nothin0 li5e the utility o1 the same name in2luded in Windows *>?Me. whi2h was only a telephone autodialer9 %t is. however. identi2al to the Phone Dialer in2luded with Windows #$$$9 "lthou0h the main Phone Dialer window loo5s suspi2iously li5e the "ddress 'oo5 @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA. it does not share 2onta2ts or any other in1ormation with the "ddress 'oo59

See '(so
Mi2roso1t NetMeetin0

&inball

\program files\windows nt\pin*all\pin*all)e"e

" I&pa2e 3adet /D PinballI 0ame9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt Dames Pinball

pin all

8escription
The ball is laun2hed by holdin0 the &pa2ebar 1or a se2ond or two to pull ba25 the plun0er and lettin0 0o9 'y de1ault. the le1t and ri0ht 1lippers are 2ontrolled with the F and ? 5eys. respe2tively9 8ou 2an 2han0e the 5eys use play the 0ame by 0oin0 to Options Player 3ontrols @see i0ure ,(<$A9 9ig&re 7-@1+ '(tho&gh it hard( d&p(icates the thri(( of a rea( meta( :a(( :o&ncing in a :o!3 the 28 Pin:a(( game is f&n to (ook at

Notes
%1 the 0ame is paused. none o1 the above 5eys will wor5 until you press / to resume the 0ame9 &ele2t Options ull &2reen or press , to play Pinball in 1ull(s2reen mode9 Press , a0ain to revert ba25 to the normal display9 Note that 1ull(s2reen mode will temporarily 2han0e the resolution o1 your display and may not wor5 on all display adapters9 The IbossI 5ey is !s2N press it to ;ui25ly minimi4e the 0ame in 2ase your boss wal5s by9

&ing

\windows\system54\ping)e"e

Test the Irea2habilityI o1 another 2omputer on the networ5 or a2ross the %nternet9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

pinB

Usage
pin" tarBet 01t2 01a2 01n count2 01l si5e2 01%2 01w timeout2 01r count2 01s count2 01N host(list Z 1' host(list2 01r count2 01s count2 01N host(list Z 1' host(list2 01i ttl2 01v tos2

8escription

The primary 1un2tion o1 Pin0 is to see i1 another 2omputer is IaliveI and rea2hable9 Pin0 wor5s on lo2al networ5s and a2ross %nternet 2onne2tions9 or e>ample. type the 1ollowin0 at a 2ommand prompt: pin" oreilly.#om and you'll 0et a report that loo5s somethin0 li5e this: Pin"in" oreilly.#om 0,-E.,-=.*=?.,,2 with F, bytes o% data/ eply %rom ,-E.,-=.*=?.,,/ bytesOF, timeO@+ms TTJO,F+ eply %rom ,-E.,-=.*=?.,,/ bytesOF, timeOF*ms TTJO,F+ eply %rom ,-E.,-=.*=?.,,/ bytesOF, timeO*:ms TTJO,F+ eply %rom ,-E.,-=.*=?.,,/ bytesOF, timeO@+ms TTJO,F+ Pin" statisti#s %or ,-E.,-=.*=?.,,/ Pa#'ets/ ;ent O =, e#eived O =, Jost O - 6-S loss7, ApproCimate round trip times in milli1se#onds/ !inimum O *:ms, !aCimum O @+ms, Avera"e O :-ms 7ere. Pin0 sent out 1our pin0s @the de1aultA. reported the time it too5 1or them to return @in millise2ondsA. and then displayed various statisti2s about the session9 Pin0 is espe2ially use1ul i1 you're havin0 trouble 2onta2tin0 a server and you want to see i1 the server is alive @runnin0 and a22eptin0 2onne2tionsA9 %1 the server does not reply @meanin0 that it is down or the 2onne2tion has been severedA. you'll see ReCuest timed out9 Pin0 a22epts the 1ollowin0 options: tarBet The ma2hine to pin0N it 2an be the name o1 a 2omputer on your networ5. an %P address @e909. 7;8.7;F."F9.77A. or an %nternet address @e909. oreilly)comA9 (t Normally. Pin0 sends out 1our pin0s and then ;uits9 %n2lude the 0t option to pin0 2ontinually until Pin0 is interrupted by pressin0 3trl(39 Press 3trl('rea5 to display statisti2s without interruptin09 (a Resolve addresses to hostnames9 (n count The number o1 pin0s to sendN the de1ault is 1our9 (l si5e The si4e o1 the pa25ets to send. in bytesN the de1ault is /# bytes9 (1 Turn on the IDon't ra0mentI 1la0 in pa25et9 (w timeout The amount o1 time to wait. in millise2onds. be1ore Pin0 0ives up and displays ReCuest timed outN the de1ault is )$$ millise2onds @-?# se2ondA9 (r count Display the route ta5en to rea2h the server @see Tra2ert. later in this 2hapterA9 The 2ount is the ma>imum number o1 hops to re2ord. and 2an ran0e 1rom - to *9 (s count Display a time stamp 1or count hops9 (G host(list %mpose a IlooseI route @see the -r optionA alon0 whi2h to pin09 (5 host-list %mpose a Istri2tI route @see the -r optionA alon0 whi2h to pin09 (i ttl &pe2i1y the Time To 6ive @TT6AN valid ran0e is 1rom $ to #))9 (v tos &pe2i1y the Type o1 &ervi2e @TO&AN valid ran0e is 1rom $ to #))9

Notes

The name Ipin0I 2omes 1rom submarine lin0o. when sonar was used to dete2t nearby obGe2ts. su2h as ships and other submarines9 Pulses o1 sound were sent throu0h the waterN those that returned indi2ated the e>isten2e o1 an obGe2t o11 whi2h the pulses were re1le2ted9 ping)e"e wor5s very similarly. e>2ept it sends pa25ets instead o1 soni2 pulses9

See '(so
Tra2ert. N&6oo5up

&ower Options

\windows\system\powercfg)cpl

3ontrol Windows' support 1or "dvan2ed Power Mana0ement @"PMA9

To Open
3ontrol Panel JPer1orman2e and Maintenan2eK 3ommand Prompt powercfB.cpl Power Options

8escription
"dvan2ed Power Mana0ement relies on 2ooperation between your 2omputer's '%O& and operatin0 system9 "PM 2overs everythin0 1rom your 2omputer's power swit2h to the power(savin0 1eatures that redu2e power 2onsumption or e>tend the li1e o1 your 2omputer's battery @see i0ure ,(<-A9 9ig&re 7-@*+ The Po#er Options #indo# (ets o& config&re the vario&s po#er-saving feat&res of o&r comp&ter

'e1ore you mess with any settin0s here. ma5e sure that "PM support is enabled in your system '%O&9 or best results. enable the main I"PM supportI option. but disable all "PM options in your '%O&9 Re1er to the do2umentation that 2ame with your 2omputer or motherboard 1or details9 &ettin0s in this window are divided into the 1ollowin0 tabs:

Power Schemes The Power s2hemes listbo> allows you to save your power mana0ement settin0s into one or more s2hemes. mu2h li5e Themes @see Display PropertiesA and &ound &2hemes @see Bi*ernateA9 3li25 &ave "s to 2reate a new s2heme or Delete to remove the 2urrently sele2ted s2heme9 The &ettin0s below allow you set timed power(savin0 1eatures 1or the 2urrently sele2ted s2heme9 Note that not all 2omputers support the &ystem standby and &ystem hibernates 1eaturesN even those that 2laim to may not do it very well9 %1 your 2omputer 2rashes 2omin0 out o1 standby or hibernation mode @see &ounds and "udio Devi2es belowA. or simply doesn't 2ome out at all. 2he25 with your 2omputer or motherboard manu1a2turer 1or a '%O& update9 Ad.anced The settin0s on this pa0e are pretty sel1(e>planatory9 &ee Bi*ernate. below. 1or details on the hibernation 1eature9 Bi*ernate 7ibernation. also 5nown as I%nstant On.I allows you to 2ompletely shut o11 your 2omputer and then turn it ba25 on later @and resume wor5 in se2onds as thou0h it was never shut o11A9 %t does this by savin0 an ima0e o1 your system's memory into a 1ile 2alled hi*erfil)sys. lo2ated in the root dire2tory o1 your windows drive @usually C+\AN when the 2omputer 2omes out o1 hibernation. the 1ile is read ba25 into memory and your previous session is restored. all without havin0 to reload Windows or any o1 your appli2ations9 -PS Windows XP in2ludes built(in support 1or :n(interruptible Power &upplies @:P&sA. whi2h 5eep your 2omputer runnin0 in the event o1 a power outa0e or other disruption9 Dependin0 on the 2apa2ity o1 your :P&. you may have anywhere 1rom a 1ew minutes to a hal1 hour to save your wor5 and shut down your 2omputer 0ra2e1ully9 " :P& is a 0ood investment i1 you live in a stormy 2limate or other area where power interruptions are 1re;uent9 "lthou0h a :P& doesn't really have to intera2t with Windows at all. support 2on1i0ured throu0h this dialo0 enables some advan2ed 1eatures. su2h as monitorin0 tools that alert you when a power outa0e has o22urred and in1orm you o1 how mu2h power is le1t in the :P& battery9

Notes
"ll settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

&rinters and Faxes

Mana0e lo2al and networ5 printers9

To Open
&tart &ettin0s Printers and a>es @3lassi2 &tart menu onlyA 3ontrol Panel JPrinters and Other 7ardwareK Printers and a>es 3ommand Prompt control printers

8escription
The Printers and a>es 1older 2ontains i2ons representin0 your installed printers and 1a> devi2es9 On2e a printer is installed here. you 2an print to it 1rom within your appli2ations. dra0 do2uments to the its i2on to print them. or double(2li25 on the printer i2on to see or 2han0e the status o1 2urrent print Gobs @see i0ure ,(<#A9 9ig&re 7-@,+ Use the Printers and 9a!es fo(der to add3 config&re3 and tro&:(eshoot o&r printers

The "dd Printer wi4ard helps you sele2t the appropriate printer driver 1or a lo2al or networ5 printer9 The2onte>t menu 1or ea2h printer. amon0 other thin0s. allows you to sele2t that printer as the de1ault printer M the one that appears. by de1ault. in all your appli2ations' print dialo0s9 ile Print is the standard way to print 1or most appli2ations9 Ri0ht(2li25in0 on a 1ile then sele2tin0 Print 1rom its 2onte>t menu allows you to send a 1ile to the printer without openin0 it 1irst. althou0h this 2an have mi>ed results9 8ou 2an also 2reate a short2ut to a printer on the Des5top and then dra0(and(drop a 1ile on the printer i2on9

%1 you dra0 more than one 1ile to a printer i2on. the system will open a separate 2opy o1 the appli2ation 1or ea2h 1ile9 This may be OK 1or te>t 1iles and a small appli2ation li5e Notepad. but dra0 a 0roup o1 Word or !>2el 1iles to the printer. and it may brin0 your system to its 5nees9
Double(2li25 on any printer i2on 1or a view o1 the printer's Gob ;ueue9 8ou'll see the do2ument name. status @printin0. paused. and so onA. the owner o1 the Gob. pro0ress @in number o1 pa0es printedA. and when the Gob was started9 8ou 2an dra0 your own Gobs up and down to 2han0e their priority9 :se the Printer menu to pause the printer or pur0e all print Gobs9 :se the Do2ument menu to pause or 2an2el @deleteA any sele2ted do2uments9

Notes
To have more than one 2omputer print to the same printer. Gust 2onne2t the printer dire2tly to one o1 the 2omputers9 "1ter it has been installed. ri0ht( 2li25 its i2on. sele2t &harin0. and 2li25 the &hare this printer option9 On2e a printer has been shared. it 2an be installed as a networ5 printer on all the other 2omputers on the networ5 @see i0ure ,(</A9 &ee 3hapter < 1or more details9

9ig&re 7-@2+ Let others on o&r net#ork print to o&r comp&ter #ith the Sharing ta:

8ou 2an 2hoose whether print spoolin0 @Io11line printin0IA should be enabled 1or any printer9 %1 o11line printin0 is sele2ted. you 2an print to a networ5 printer even when you aren't 2onne2ted. or to a lo2al printer when it is turned o119 When the printer then be2omes available. you will be as5ed whether to print any 1iles in the ;ueue9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

&ri!ate Character 0ditor

\windows\system54\eudcedit)e"e

3reate spe2ial 2hara2ters. su2h as lo0os or symbols. that 2an be inserted into ordinary do2uments9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

eudcedit

8escription
The Private 3hara2ter !ditor is li5e a small(ima0e editor @see Paint. earlier in this 2hapterA. e>2ept that the ima0es 2reated with it are used li5e symbol 1onts. ma5in0 it easy to insert any 2ustom lo0o or symbol into your do2uments9 When you 1irst start the Private 3hara2ter !ditor. you'll be presented with a rather 2on1usin0 &ele2t 3ode window9 This is used to asso2iate the new @or e>istin0A 2hara2ter you'll be editin0 with a parti2ular slot. and is somewhat a5in to the main 3hara2ter Map window9 &ele2t any slot and 2li25 OK to pro2eed9

The main window 2ontains the 2hara2ter editor and a simple set o1 drawin0 tools @li5e those 1ound in Paint. dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9 !a2h 2hara2ter is a )$ > )$ bla25 and white bitmap9 Draw in bla25 with any o1 the available tools and the le1t mouse buttonN draw in white with the ri0ht mouse button9 8ou 2an 2opy and paste bitmap sele2tions between the Private 3hara2ter !ditor and other ima0e editin0 pro0rams. su2h as Paint9 When you're done. save your wor5 into the slot you 2hose in the 1irst s2reen by 0oin0 to !dit &ave 3hara2ter @3trl(&A9 Or. save it into a di11erent slot by 0oin0 to !dit &ave 3hara2ter "s9 "t any time. you 2an 2hoose a di11erent slot to edit with !dit &ele2t 3ode. or with Biew Ne>t 3ode @3trl(NA and Biew Prev 3ode @3trl(PA9 "s you 2hoose slots in whi2h to pla2e your new 2hara2ters. you 2an use another 1ont as a re1eren2e to de2ide the most 2onvenient slots to use9 &ele2t Window Re1eren2e to view the orientation o1 an e>istin0 1ont on your 2omputer9 To use your new 2hara2ter in another appli2ation. open 3hara2ter Map @charmap)e"eA and 2hoose I"ll onts @Private 3hara2tersAI 1rom the top o1 the list9 %1 this entry is not present. you didn't save your wor59 &ee 3hara2ter Map. earlier in this 2hapter. 1or more in1ormation on pastin0 2hara2ters into other appli2ations9

See '(so
3hara2ter Map

&roduct Acti!ation

&ee "2tivate Windows9

&rogram Manager

\windows\system54\progman)e"e

The obsolete Pro0ram Mana0er inter1a2e. 1ound in Windows /9> and Windows NT /9>9

To Open
3ommand Prompt proBman The Pro0ram Mana0er is a simple i2on(based menu system used in Mi2roso1t Windows /9> and Windows NT /9>9 "ll o1 the more modern releases o1 Windows have abandoned Pro0ram Mana0er @with 0ood 2auseA in 1avor o1 the &tart menu and other 1eatures o1 Windows !>plorer9 Pro0ram Mana0er is still in2luded 1or le0a2y purposes9 O1 2ourse. a simple 1older 1illed with Windows &hort2uts serves the same purpose and does a mu2h better Gob o1 it. too9

See '(so
Windows !>plorer

3uer$ &rocess

\windows\system54\"d' process)e"e

Display a list o1 runnin0 pro2esses9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

Cprocess

Usage
&pro#ess 0tarBet2 05server/computer2 05system2

8escription
Cuery Pro2ess is a simple. 2ommand(line utility used to display a list o1 the runnin0 pro2esses9 " pro2ess is essentially any pro0ram runnin0 in the 1ore0round or runnin0 invisibly in the ba250round9 Tas5 Mana0er. dis2ussed later in this 2hapter. does the same thin0. but is mu2h easier to use9 Cuery Pro2ess ta5es the 1ollowin0 parameters: tar0et Tar0et 2an be any o1 the 1ollowin0: &pe2i1y a username to display the pro2esses started by that user9 &pe2i1y a session name or number @via /id/sessionidA to display all the pro2esses started in that session9 &pe2i1y a pro0ram name to display all the pro2esses asso2iated with that pro0ram9 &pe2i1y an asteris5 @-O to list all pro2esses9 inally. omit tarBet to display all the pro2esses started by the 2urrent user9 ?server: computer Cuery a remote 2omputer. where computer is the networ5 name o1 the ma2hine9 Omit to display pro2esses 1or the lo2al 2omputer9 ?system %n2lude system pro2esses9 Type Cprocess - /s$stem to display all the 2urrently runnin0 pro2esses9

See '(so
Tas5 Mana0er. Tas55ill. and Tas5list

'egional and Language Options

\windows\system\intl)cpl

6an0ua0e and lo2ali4ation settin0s a11e2tin0 the display o1 numbers. 2urren2y. times. and dates9

To Open
3ontrol Panel JDate. Time. 6an0ua0e. and Re0ional OptionsK 6an0ua0e Options 3ommand Prompt intl.cpl 3ommand Prompt control international Re0ional and

8escription
Numbers. times. dates. and 2urren2y are displayed di11erently in di11erent parts o1 the world. and the Re0ional and 6an0ua0e Options dialo0 @see i0ure ,(<,A allows you to 2hoose your display pre1eren2es in pain1ul detail9 9ig&re 7-@7+ Choose the #a dates3 times3 and c&rrenc are disp(a ed #ith the %egiona( and Lang&age Options dia(og

This dialo0 has the 1ollowin0 tabs: $egional Settings &ele2t your lan0ua0e 1rom the list and 2li25 3ustomi4e to start 2hoosin0 your pre1eren2es9 The settin0s in this dialo0 are 1airly sel1(e>planatory. althou0h it's important to reali4e that the entries in the lan0ua0e list are not Ithemes9I That is. i1 you 2ustomi4e your settin0s and then 2han0e the lan0ua0e in the list. those 2ustomi4ed settin0s will be lost9 Fanguages 3li25 Details i1 you wish to 2han0e the desired lan0ua0e or to add support 1or additional lan0ua0es9 %1 more than one lan0ua0e is installed. the 6an0ua0e 'ar and Key &ettin0s 1eatures will be available. whi2h 2an be used to easily swit2h between the installed lan0ua0es with a Des5top bar or 5eyboard short2ut. respe2tively9 Ad.anced Most pro0rams should be able to dete2t the pre1erred lan0ua0e. and i1 supported. adGust their inter1a2es a22ordin0ly9 The I6an0ua0e 1or non( :ni2ode pro0ramsI option is used to add support 1or older pro0rams that don't re2o0ni4e the settin0s made in the 6an0ua0es tab9 The 3ode pa0e 2onversion tables. when installed. 2an be a22essed in word pro2essors and web browsers. enablin0 the display o1 1orei0n lan0ua0e 2ontent9 Most users won't have a need to alter these settin0s. althou0h you may need to i1 a parti2ular do2ument or web pa0e isn't bein0 displayed 2orre2tly9

Notes
"ll o1 the settin0s in this dialo0 are also 2overed in 3hapter )9

See '(so
3ontrol Panel

'ec$cle Bin

&ee Windows !>plorer9

'egistr$ Console +tilit$

\windows\system54\reg)e"e

" 2ommand(line utility to a22ess and modi1y portions o1 the Windows Re0istry9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

reB

Usage
re" command 0options2

8escription
The Re0istry 3onsole :tility per1orms all o1 the 1un2tions o1 the Re0istry !ditor. dis2ussed later in 2hapter and in 3hapter =. but 2an be used 1rom the 2ommand line9 %t also does a 1ew thin0s Re0istry !ditor 2an't do. su2h as ma5in0 a dupli2ate o1 a re0istry 5ey @via cop$. belowA9 To use the Re0istry 3onsole :tility. type reB. 1ollowed by one o1 the 1ollowin0 2ommands and any appli2able parameters: ;uery ?e$name J?v valuename T ?veK J?sK Displays the data stored in a Re0istry value. where ?e$name is the 1ull path o1 a re0istry 5ey and valuename is the name o1 the value to ;uery9 Omit /v valuename to display list o1 all the values in ?e$name or spe2i1y /ve to ;uery the NDefaultO value9 %n2lude /s to ;uery all sub5eys and values as well9 Baluename 2an also spe2i1y the remote 2omputer li5e this: Cuer$ computer,?e$name9 add ?e$name J?v valuename T ?veK J?d dataK J?t typK J?s sepK J?1K "dds a new value9 The ?e$name. /v. and /ve options are the same as with Cuer$. above9 The /d option assi0ns data to the new valueN i1 omitted. the new value will be empty9 :se /t to spe2i1y the data type 1or the valueN i1 omitted. a strin0 value @REM(SZA will be added9 :se the ?s option to spe2i1y a separator. used i1 you're 2reatin0 a REM(0=)+I(SZ

value9 %1 the value bein0 added already e>ists. you'll be prompted to overwrite. unless the /f parameter is spe2i1ied9 delete ?e$name J?v valuename T ?ve T ?vaK J?1K Deletes an e>istin0 value9 "ll options are the same as with add. above9 The /va parameter instru2ts the Re0istry 3onsole :tility to delete all values in the spe2i1ied 5ey9 2opy ?e$name" ?e$name7 J?sK J?1K Dupli2ates a 5ey and all its values. where ?e$name" is the 1ull path o1 the sour2e 5ey and ?e$name7 is the 1ull path o1 the new 5ey9 &pe2i1y /s to in2lude all sub5eys and their values and use the /f option to 1or2e the 2opy without 1irst bein0 prompted9 save ?e$name filename &aves a portion o1 the re0istry into a 1ile. where ?e$name is the 1ull path o1 the 5ey to save. and filename is the name o1 the new hive 1ile9 Note that this 2ommand does not 2reate a re0istry pat2h @)regA 1ile. but a binary hive 1ile that 2an only be read with restore. below9 Note also that the root 5ey in ?e$name must be a 1our(letter abbreviation @e909. %&)0. %&C=. %&CR. %&=. or %&CCA9 restore ?e$name filename Reads a hive 1ile @2reated with save. aboveA into the Re0istry9 Note that ?e$name doesn't have to be the same as the 5ey 1rom whi2h the 1ile was ori0inally 2reated9 &ee the notes 1or save 1or details9 Only wor5s on the lo2al ma2hine9 load ?e$name filename %nstalls a hive 1ile @2reated with save. aboveA onto the Re0istry9 )oad is similar to restore. above. e>2ept that any 2han0es to the loaded 5eys or values are stored ba25 into the hive 1ile spe2i1ied by filename9 With restore. on the other hand. the new 5eys are added to a pre(e>istin0 hive9 unload ?e$name :ninstalls a 5ey. ?e$name. that has been installed with load. above9 2ompare ?e$name" ?e$name7 J?v valuename T ?veK J?sK J outputK 3ompares two 5eys or values9 The ?e$name" and ?e$name7 options are the same as with cop$. above9 The /v. /ve. and /s options are the same as with add. above9 The output option 2an be /oa @output all di11eren2es and mat2hesA. /od @output only di11eren2esA. /os @output only mat2hesA. or /on @no outputAN when omitted. /od is assumed9 &ee reB compare /? 1or more in1ormation9 e>port ?e$name filename 3reates a re0istry pat2h @)regA 1ile. filename. 1rom the 5ey at ?e$name9 Re0istry pat2hes 2an be imported with import. below. or by double(2li25in0 in !>plorer @via Re0istry !ditorA9 import filename %mports a re0istry pat2h @)regA 1ile. filename. 2reated either with e#port. above. or with Re0istry !ditor9

Notes
"ll o1 the 2on2epts in terms dis2ussed here are e>plained in 3hapter =9 Many o1 the 1un2tions dis2ussed here 2an only be a22omplished with the Re0istry 3onsole :tility and are not possible with Re0istry !ditor9 "mon0 them are the cop$. save. restore. load. unload. and compare 2ommands9

See '(so
Re0istry !ditor. 3hapter =

'egistr$ 0ditor

\windows\regedit)e"e

Biew and modi1y the 2ontents o1 the Re0istry9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

reBedit

8escription
Re0istry !ditor provides a means to view and modi1y the 2ontents o1 the Windows Re0istry. the master database that stores 2on1i0uration settin0s 1or Windows XP and many o1 the appli2ations on your 2omputer9 7owever. don't 2on1use Re0istry !ditor with the Re0istryN Re0istry !ditor is merely an appli2ation. li5e any other9 &ee 3hapter = 1or more in1ormation on the Re0istry and the use o1 Re0istry !ditor9 &ee 3hapter ) 1or many o1 the settin0s that 2an also be 2han0ed in the Re0istry9

See '(so
Re0istry 3onsole :tility

'emote Assistance

\windows\system54\rciml*y)e"e 0Faunch$A

"llow others to 2onne2t to your 2omputer usin0 Remote Des5top 3onne2tion9

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3ommand Prompt Remote "ssistan2e

rciml $ -)aunchR*

8escription
Remote "ssistan2e is a pa0e in the 7elp and &upport 3enter @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA that wor5s with several other Windows 2omponents to allow another user to 2onne2t to your 2omputer9 The idea is that you would invite a te2hni2al support representative. a 1riend. or 2o(wor5er. to help you with a 2omputer problem by allowin0 them to 2onne2t to your 2omputer as thou0h they were sittin0 in 1ront o1 it @see i0ure ,(<)A9 9ig&re 7-@=+ Use %emote 'ssistance to invite another person to connect to o&r comp&ter #ith %emote 8esktop Sharing

The 1irst step involves invitin0 another user to 2onne2t9 While it may seem li5e an unne2essary 1ormality. it ta5es 2are o1 the very important step o1 transmittin0 your %P address to the other user9 8ou 2an either use Windows Messen0er @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA to send an instant messa0e or Outloo5 !>press @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA to send an email9 On2e the invitation has been re2eived. that user will have enou0h in1ormation to 2onne2t to your 2omputer via Remote Des5top 3onne2tion @dis2ussed later in this 2hapterA9

Notes
'oth users must be runnin0 Windows XP to use Remote "ssistan2e9 Remote "ssistan2e is a very interestin0 use o1 inte0ration. where several seemin0ly disparate 2omponents 2an wor5 to0ether to a22omplish a sin0le tas59 !ither Outloo5 !>press or Windows Messen0er are re;uired to send an invitation. whi2h means that at least one o1 these pro0rams must be set up with your a22ount in1ormation prior to usin0 Remote "ssistan2e9 Note that you 2an s5ip this step i1 you wish to -A transmit your %P address to the other user. and #A set up your 2omputer to a22ept 2onne2tions via Remote Des5top 3onne2tion9 Remote "ssistan2e opens several ba25 doors to your 2omputer. potentially allowin0 unwanted a22ess to your 2omputer and data9 'e sure to ta5e advanta0e o1 the 1eatures in Remote "ssistan2e to help prote2t your 2omputer. su2h as re;uirin0 a password and allowin0 only remote 2onne2tion within the ne>t hour9 When you send an invitation via email. the re2ipient re2eives a lin5 to http:??windows9mi2roso1t92om?Remote"ssistan2e?R"9asp. as well as a 1ile atta2hment @rc%uddy)#s$cIncidentA with your 2onne2tion in1ormation9 The in1ormation stored in the 1ile atta2hment is not easily readableN the re2ipient simply opens the atta2hment to initiate a 2onne2tion9

%1 you 0et the error I8our 2urrent system settin0s prevent you 1rom sendin0 an invitation.I it means that the Remote "ssistan2e 1eature has been disabled 1or se2urity reasons9 8ou 2an re(enable it by 0oin0 to 3ontrol Panel JPer1orman2e and Maintenan2eK &ystem Remote tab and turnin0 on both options on this pa0e9

See '(so
Remote Des5top 3onne2tion

'emote Cop$

\windows\system54\rcp)e"e

3opies 1iles between two remote 2omputers9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

rcp

Usage
r#p 01b2 01h2 01r2 source destination

8escription
Remote 3opy is a little tool you 2an use to 2opy one or more 1iles 1rom one remote 2omputer to another remote 2omputer without 1irst trans1errin0 the 1iles to your own 2omputer9 Remote 3opy ta5es the 1ollowin0 parameters: source. destination The 1ull networ5 path o1 the sour2e 1ile and destination. respe2tively9 &ee the e>amples below 1or synta>9 &pe2i1y a 1older name 1or source to trans1er that 1older and all o1 its 2ontents9 8ou 2an spe2i1y wild2ards here @to trans1er multiple 1iles at on2eA. but only with an es2ape 2hara2ter @e909. apple.be2omes apple.,-A9 (b Trans1ers the 1iles with binary modeN the de1ault is "&3%% mode9 &ee the dis2ussion o1 "&3%% and binary modes in TP. dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapter9 (h %n2lude the (h parameter to trans1er hidden 1iles9 (r When 2opyin0 a 1older. in2lude all the sub1olders and their 2ontents9

6!amp(es
The 1ollowin0 2ommand trans1ers the 1ile. c+\docs\rings)t"t. 1rom the 2omputer 2alled cooder to the c+\stuff 1older in the 2omputer 2alled spud: r#p 1b KK#ooderK#Kdo#sKrin"s.tCt KKspudK The 1ollowin0 2ommand does the same thin0. but usin0 %P addresses @when a22essin0 2omputers on the %nternetA instead o1 on a lo2al networ59 Note how the usernames @mandatory with %P addressesA are spe2i1ied: r#p 1b *E,.*?+.-.*.#ooder/#Kdo#sKrin"s.tCt *E,.*?+.-.*.spud/#Kstu%%

Notes
'oth the sour2e and destination 2omputer must be runnin0 the R3P servi2e9 The username must be spe2i1ied i1 the host @either in the sour2e or destinationA is an %P address9

See '(so
TP

'emote Desktop Connection

\windows\system54\mstsc)e"e

"22ess another 2omputer remotely. as thou0h you were sittin0 in 1ront o1 it9 @Remote Des5top 3onne2tion is in2luded with Windows XP Pro1essional only9A

To Open
&tart Pro0rams 3onne2tion 3ommand Prompt "22essories 3ommuni2ations Remote Des5top

mstsc

8escription
Remote Des5top 3onne2tion allows you to 2onne2t to another 2omputer @or allows someone else to 2onne2t your 2omputerA and use it as thou0h you were sittin0 in 1ront o1 it9 Mu2h more than simply a Telnet 2onne2tion. Remote Des5top 3onne2tion allows you to see a 1ull Des5top. 2omplete with i2ons and the &tart menu. and even run pro0rams on the remote 2omputer @see i0ure ,(<+A9 9ig&re 7-@>+ Use another "indo#s $P comp&ter as tho&gh o& #ere sitting in front of it #ith a %emote 8esktop Connection

To 2on1i0ure a 2omputer to a22ept in2omin0 2onne2tions via Remote Des5top 3onne2tion. 0o to 3ontrol Panel JPer1orman2e and Maintenan2eK &ystem Remote tab. and turn on the I"llow users to 2onne2t remotely to this 2omputerI option9 'y de1ault. the administrator always has a22ess. but you 2an enable a22ess 1or other users as well by 2li25in0 &ele2t Remote :sers9 On2e a 2omputer has been set up. you 2an 2onne2t to it by openin0 Remote Des5top 3onne2tion and typin0 that 2omputer's name @i1 2onne2ted on a lo2al networ5A or that 2omputer's %P address @i1 2onne2ted to the %nternetA9 3li25 Options to spe2i1y a username. password. domain @only 1or Windows NT domainsA. and even to save your 2onne2tion settin0s to a 1ile so you 2an 2onne2t more easily later9 The Display tab lets you 2hoose between 1ull(s2reen mode and windowed mode9 The 6o2al Resour2es tab lets you 2hoose whether sounds 0enerated by the remote 2omputer are played lo2ally @whi2h 2an slow the 2onne2tionA. whether 2ertain 5eystro5e 2ombinations are interpreted lo2ally or sent to the remote 2omputer. and whether to automati2ally 2onne2t you to the remote 2omputer's dis5s. printers. or serial ports9 3hoose the Pro0rams tab to set up a pro0ram to start automati2ally when a 2onne2tion has been established9 inally. the !>perien2e tab allows you to turn on or o11 1eatures that will a11e2t per1orman2eN dependin0 on your 2onne2tion. 1or e>ample. you may wish to enable or disable the remote 2omputer's ba250round wallpaper9 8ou 2an save the 2onne2tion pro1ile 1or a parti2ular 2onne2tion by 2li25in0 &ave "s9 This will 2reate an Remote Des5top Pro1ile @)rdpA 1ile. whi2h 2an then be double( 2li25ed to start the 2onne2tion without havin0 to retype the 2onne2tion in1ormation9 Ri0ht(2li25 any )rdp 1ile and sele2t !dit to return to the Properties dialo0 1or the pro1ile9

Notes
3urrently. both 2omputers involved in a Remote Des5top 3onne2tion must be runnin0 Windows XP. althou0h Mi2roso1t may release Remote Des5top 3onne2tion 2lients 1or other versions o1 Windows in the 1uture9 "lternatives to Remote Des5top 3onne2tion in2lude p2"nywhere @2ommer2ial so1tware. http:??www9symante292om?A. BN3 @1reeware.

http:??www9u59resear2h9att92om?vn2?A. and the Remote Des5top &harin0 1eature o1 Mi2roso1t NetMeetin0 @dis2ussed earlier in this 2hapterA9 :nli5e Remote Des5top 3onne2tion. these alternatives wor5 on all modern versions o1 Windows9 urthermore. BN3 wor5s on :ni> and Ma2intosh systems as well9 Remote Des5top 3onne2tion repla2es the Terminal &ervi2es 2lient 1ound in Windows NT and Windows #$$$9

See '(so
Remote "ssistan2e. Telnet

'oute

\windows\system54\route)e"e

Manipulate the T3P?%P routin0 table 1or the lo2al 2omputer9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

route

Usage
route 01%2 01p2 0command2 0destination2 0Batewa$2 0mas? netmas?2 0metri# metric2 0i% interface2

8escription
Routin0 tables provide in1ormation ne2essary to 2onne2t to other 2omputers on a networ5 or the %nternet9 Route a22epts the 1ollowin0 options: command &pe2i1ies one o1 1our 2ommands: print Prints a route @similar to netstat -rA9 The route print 2ommand is use1ul i1 you are havin0 a problem @e909. I7ost :nrea2hableI or IRe;uest timed outIA with the routes on your 2omputer. sin2e it will display all the di11erent 1ields in the a2tive route @see the e>ampleA9 add "dds a route to the routin0 tableN used until the 2omputer is shut down @unless the -p option is spe2i1iedA9 delete Deletes a route 1rom the routin0 table9 2han0e Modi1ies an e>istin0 route in the routin0 table9 destination The remote 2omputer that is rea2hable via Batewa$9 (1 rees @2learsA the routin0 tables o1 all 0ateway entries9 %1 this is used in 2onGun2tion with one o1 the 2ommands listed above. the tables are 2leared prior to runnin0 the 2ommand9 (p

When used with the add 2ommand. -p ma5es a route persistent a2ross boots o1 the system9 %1 you don't spe2i1y -p. any route you add will be valid only until the 2omputer is restarted9 The -p option has no e11e2t on other 2ommands. as they're all persistent9 Batewa$ The 0ateway 2omputer to be used 1or tra11i2 0oin0 to destination9 %t is possible to use a hostname 1or the 0ateway. but it is sa1er to use an %P address. as a hostname may resolve to multiple %P addresses9 or e>ample. you mi0ht type the 1ollowin0: route add -.-.-.- *-.-.-.,-mas5 netmas? &pe2i1ies the subnet mas5 1or a destination9 %1 not spe2i1ied. a mas5 o1 744.744.744.744 is used @i9e9. a Ihost routeI to a sin0le host. not a networ5A9 metri2 metric &pe2i1ies the metric or Ihop 2ountI 1or this route9 The metri2 indi2ates whi2h route is pre1erred when multiple routes to a destination e>ist and si0ni1ies the number o1 hops or 0ateways between the lo2al 2omputer and the Batewa$9 The route with the lowest metri2 is used unless it is unavailable. in whi2h 2ase the route with the ne>t lowest metri2 ta5es over9 i1 interface &pe2i1ies the inter1a2e number 1or the spe2i1ied route9 %1 you type route print at the 2ommand prompt. you'll 0et somethin0 that loo5s li5e this: A#tive outes/ Networ' Address Netmas' Aateway Address $nter%a#e !etri# -.-.-.- -.-.-.- *@,.*?.+-.: *@,.*?.+-.*:- * *,@.-.-.- ,::.-.-.- *,@.-.-.* *,@.-.-.* * *@,.*?.+-.*- ,::.,::.,::.- *@,.*?.+-.*:- *@,.*?.+-.*:- * *@,.*?.+-.*:- ,::.,::.,::.,:: *,@.-.-.* *,@.-.-.* * *@,.*?.+-.,-- ,::.,::.,::.,:: *@,.*?.+-.*:- *@,.*?.+-.*:- * ,,=.-.-.- ,,=.-.-.- *@,.*?.+-.*:- *@,.*?.+-.*:- * ,::.,::.,::.,:: ,::.,::.,::.,:: *@,.*?.+-.*:- -.-.-.- * The 1ields in this printout are as 1ollows: 7ateway Address The %P address o1 the 0ateway 1or the route9 The 0ateway will 5now what to do with tra11i2 1or the spe2i1ied networ5 address9 Interface The %P address o1 the networ5 inter1a2e that the route will use when leavin0 the lo2al 2omputer9 #etric The hop 2ount or number o1 0ateways between the lo2al 2omputer and the 0ateway9 Netmask The mas5 to be applied to the networ5 address9 %1 all ones @744.744.744.744A. the route is a host route and re1ers to a sin0le ma2hine. not a networ59 Network Address "ny networ5 mat2hed by this address should use this route9 The de1ault route is all 4eros and is used i1 no other route is 1ound9

Notes
%1 the 2ommand is print or delete. wild2ards may be used 1or the destination and 0ateway or the 0ateway ar0ument may be omitted9

See '(so
Tra2ert

'undll9:

\windows\system54\rundll54)e"e

Run a sin0le routine in a D66 1ile 1rom the 2ommand line9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

rundll67

Usage
rundllF, filename,function(name 0functionIarBuments . . . 2

8escription
Rundll/# provides Istrin0 invo2ation.I whi2h lets you e>e2ute a 2ommand buried in a Dynami2 6in5 6ibrary @D66A 1ile9 Rundll/# a22epts the 1ollowin0 options: filename The 1ilename o1 a D66 @)dllA 1ile9 function(name The 2ase(sensitive name o1 a 1un2tion in the D66 1ile9 function(arBuments "ny parameters used by function(nameN re1er to the 1un2tion's do2umentation 1or details9 Note that any strin0 parameters are 2ase sensitive9

6!amp(es
The 1ollowin0 e>ample starts the INetwor5 &etup Wi4ardI @note that no parameters are re;uired 1or this oneA: rundllF,.eCe hnetwiD.dll,.omeNetWiDard unDll This bat2h 1ile allows you to display an IOpen "sI dialo0 bo> 1or un5nown 1ile type )"yA without a2tually havin0 a 1ile o1 type )"yA handy @see "ppendi> 3 1or more in1ormation on bat2h 1ilesA: e#ho blah blah blah Q %oobar.S* rundllF, shellF,.dll,OpenAsI unDJJ %oobar.S* Then type the 1ollowin0 at a 2ommand line: 9/KQopenas &!;

Notes
Rundll/# provides dynami2 lin5in0 to 1un2tions e>ported 1rom /#(bit Dynami2 6in5 6ibraries9 $undll. the -+(bit e;uivalent 1ound in earlier versions o1 Windows. is not in2luded in Windows XP9

'un As

\windows\system54\runas)e"e

Run a pro0ram under a di11erent user's a22ount9

To Open
3ommand Prompt

runas

Usage
runas 05nopro%ile2 05env2 05netonly2 5user/ username proBram runas 05nopro%ile2 05env2 05netonly2 5smart#ard runas 05nopro%ile2 05env2 05netonly2 5smart#ard 05user/username2 proBram

8escription
Windows XP is a multiuser environment9 When you open an appli2ation. Windows runs that pro0ram in a Iuser 2onte>t.I whi2h means that the settin0s and 2apabilities imposed upon an appli2ation are those asso2iated with your user a22ount9 :se Run "s to instru2t Windows to open an appli2ation in another user's 2onte>t9 This is espe2ially use1ul when runnin0 servi2es or other ba250round appli2ations. where you 2an't always assume whi2h user will be lo00ed on at any time. but you want to ma5e sure the settin0s and permissions are 2orre2t9 Run "s ta5es the 1ollowin0 parameters: proBram The 1ull path. 1ilename. and optional 2ommand(line parameters 1or the )e"e 1ile to run9 ?user: username The username under whi2h to run proBramN username should be o1 the 1orm userRdomain or domain,user9 ?nopro1ile &pe2i1ies that the user's pro1ile should not be loaded9 This 2auses the appli2ation to load more ;ui25ly. but 2an 2ause those appli2ations that rely on settin0s stored in the %&E'(C=RRE1+(=SER re0istry 5ey to mal1un2tion9 ?env :ses the 2urrent environment instead o1 username's9 ?netonly &pe2i1ies that the 2redentials spe2i1ied are 1or remote a22ess only9 ?save2red :ses 2redentials previously saved by the user9 This option is not available on Windows XP 7ome !dition and will be i0nored9 Csmartcard &pe2i1ies that the 2redentials are to be supplied 1rom a smart2ard9

Notes
&2heduled Tas5s. dis2ussed later in this 2hapter. also lets you run pro0rams under di11erent user a22ounts9