Part B Paper 1 General Ship Knowledge (3 hrs, 50% pass)

Function (1) : Controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons on board at the operational level Competence : Maintain seaworthiness of the ship Criteria : Actions to ensure and maintain the watertight integrity of the ship are in accordance with accepted practice. tability conditions comply with the !M" intact stability criteria under all conditions of loading. Ship Construction 1. General knowledge of the principal structural members of a ship and the proper name for the various parts.

1. Brac et s!pport the girder, etc ". B!l heads a #ertical partition $etween co%part%ents 3. &enter girder 'n lie! o( longit!dinal, pro#ide longit!dinal strength i. )ongit!dinal (ra%ing in *B +. ,loor - #ertical athwartships %e%$er in wa. o( the do!$le/$otto%. 't will r!n (ro% the center girder o!t to the %argin plate on either side o( the #essel. 5. ,ra%e 'nternal s!pport %e%$er (or the shell plating. 0essel %a. $e (ra%ed longit!dinall. or trans#ersel.. 1. G!sset triang!lar plate (or 2oining angle $ar to a plate 3. 'ntercostals Side girder - side girder in the (ore and a(t line sited either side o( the eel. 'ntegral connection with the tan top and the ship4s $otto% plating and rigidl. connected $. (loors 5. Keels center line plate (ro% ste% to the stern (ra%e. i. ,lat plate eels Generall. !sed eel. &enter girder is attached to the eel and inner $otto% plating $. contin!o!s welding and no scallops per%itted ii. *!ct eels a (or% o( (lat plate eel with tow center girder. 6(ten (itted $etween collision $!l head and (orward engine roo% $!l head to pro#ide t!nnel (or pipes and additional $!o.anc.. 7. )ightening holes holes c!t into (loors or intercostals to red!ce weight and to pro#ide access to tan areas 10. )ongit!dinal - (ore and a(t strength %e%$er connecting the athwartships (loors. 't %!st $e contin!o!s (or ship 8 "15%. -dditional longit!dinal are to $e (o!nd in po!nding area 11. 9argin plate a (ore and a(t plate sited at the t!rn o( the $ilge. :he !pper edge is nor%all. (langed to allow connection to the tan top plating, while the opposite

end is sec!red to the inside o( the shell plate $. an angle/$ar connection. 't pro#ides an end seal to the do!$le $otto% tan s, ha#ing all the (loors 2oining at right angles, !p to the collision $!l head. 1". Panting $ea%s athwartships %e%$ers in the (orepart introd!ced to red!ce the in ; o!t tendenc. o( the shell plating, ca!sed $. #ar.ing water press!re on the $ow. 13. Panting stringers internal hori<ontal plates sec!red to the shell plating and $raced athwartships $. the panting $ea%s. 1+. Scantlings !sed to indicate the thic ness o( plates, angles and (langes. 15. Sheer stra e the contin!o!s row o( shell plates on a le#el with the !pper%ost contin!o!s dec . 9e%$ers co%pensating stress
=ac ing >ea#. ?ater )ocal >og ; S, B9 *r./ doc ing Po!nding Panting weight press!re Stress Sag Bea% nee Bea%s B!l heads *ec s ,loors ,ra%es

)ong@ girders Pillars Shell plating

2.

Basic ship types. Ship propulsion systems.

3.

Hull nomenclature main dimensions and tonnages on!board plans and drawings. -. Plans and drawings to show the %ain details o( o!tline and constr!ction i. general arrange%ent / general la.o!t o( the ship ii. capacit. plan hold and tan di%ension and capacit. iii. *a%age control plan ship s!$/di#ision la.o!t to assess the s!r#i#a$ilit. o( the ship in case o( e%ergenc.. i#. Shell eApansion plan ill!strate $oth the side and $otto% plating as a contin!o!s whole and shows the n!%$ering o( plates and lettering o(

#. #i. #ii. #iii. iA. A. Ai.

plate stra es (or re(erence p!rposes. stowage plan cargo stowage arrange%ent $allast s.ste% plan $allast s.ste% and piping arrange%ent $ilge s.ste% plan / $ilge s.ste% and piping arrange%ent )S- and ,,- plan / show the arrange%ent o( )S- and ,,B, (ire control plan shall $e endorsed and appro#ed $. classi(ication societ. sta$ilit. $oo let ship4s sta$ilit. in(or%ation cargo sec!ring %an!al, Sheer plan an ele#ation which shows the (ore and a(t o!tline o( the ship, the conto!r o( ste% and stern., the sheer o( the dec s, the arrange%ent o( s!perstr!ct!res, etc

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#ast e$am %uestions

1. &escribe the circumstances which cause panting and pounding stresses. '1((1 1((") i. Panting stresses is an in and o!t %otion o( the plating in the $ows o( a ship and is ca!sed $. !neC!al water press!re as the $ow passes thro!gh s!ccessi#e wa#es. ii. Po!nding stresses is eAist when ships is pitching. Ship4s $ows li(t clear o( the water and co%e down hea#il.. 't ca!ses da%age to the $otto% and girder at the $ow. ". S etch a transverse section thro!gh the forward part o( a large cargo #essel, showing the structural arrangements which resist the stresses in (1). (1771, 177", 177+) i. Panting stress :iers o( panting $ea%s are (itted (orward o( the collision $!l head $elow the lowest dec . :hese are si%ilar to dec $ea% and are connected to (ra%es $. $ea% nees, $!t are onl. (itted at alternati#e (ra%es. :iers o( $ea%s are spaced " %eters apart #erticall. and s!pported $. wash plates or pillars. Panting stringers, si%ilar to dec stringers, are laid on each tier o( $ea%s. :o sti((en the 2oint $etween each $ea% and the inner edge o( the stringer, the plate edge %a. $e shaped or g!ssets (itted.

ii.

-t inter%ediate (ra%e witho!t $ea%s, the stringer is s!pport $. a $ea% nee o( hal( its depth. -t (ore ends, the stringers are 2oined $. (lat plate called DBreasthoo sE. Po!nding stress is resisted $. strong cell!lar do!$le $otto%. ,or a large cargo #essel, longit!dinall. (ra%ed $otto% is !sed. :he o!ter $otto% plating co#ering the (lat o( the $otto% %!st $e thic ened. :he connections o( the shell and inner $otto% girder/wor are %ade stronger Plate (loors are (itted at alternate (ra%es )ongit!dinal are stronger than nor%al Side girders are no %ore than ".1 %eters apart.

3. S etch a longit!dinal section o( a $!l carrier, showing and na%ing all the %ain co%part%ents. FF BAplain the reasons (or this arrange%ent o( co%part%ents. (1770) i. )arge, clear holds witho!t tween dec to load and discharge cargo C!ic l. ii. )arge hatches with steel co#ers (or sa(et. iii. Bngine place a(t i#. :opside tan ena$le water $allast to $e carried high !p to red!ce G9 #. Sloping side tan s at the $ilge assist in handling $!l cargo since it helps the sel(/tri%%ing o( cargo +. )ist the str!ct!ral %e%$ers o( a ship which are designed to resist the %ain longit!dinal stresses in a ships h!ll. FF State $rie(l. how str!ct!ral contin!it. is %aintained in these %e%$ers to ena$le the% to per(or% their designed (!nction. (1770) i. )ongit!dinal stressG hogging, sagging ii. )ongit!dinal wor in the do!$le $otto%G *ec stringer and sheer/stra e thic en *ec girder and longit!dinal $!l head Special steel (or sheer/stra e and $ilge stra e )ongit!dinal (ra%es and $ea%s in the $otto% and !nder the strengthen dec Stress is greatest a%idships, so strengths o( the parts is %ade greater a%idships iii. >!ll is strengthen at a$o!t the hal(/depth o( the ship to resist the shearing stress

't is !seless to %a e one part #er. strong i( an ad2acent part which has to resist the sa%e stress is wea . >ence, it is i%portant to %aintain str!ct!ral contin!it. ?hen %aterial has to $e c!t awa., co%pensations %!st $e %ade to preser#e contin!it. o( strength. SC!are corners sho!ld $e a#oided as (ar as possi$le since it has $een (o!nd that these are alwa.s a so!rce o( wea ness. Parts which are #er. strong co%pared to the neigh$oring parts sho!ld not $e ended s!ddenl., as there wo!ld $e a tendenc. (or the% to tear awa. where the. end. :he. sho!ld $e grad!all. tapered o(( and %erge into the wea er parts.

5. )ist the (!nctions o( G $ilge wells, stern t!$es (1771) i. Stern t!$eG to s!pport the sha(t and to %a e a watertight 2oint where the sha(t enters the h!ll. Steel t!$e. :he (ore end with (lange $olted to a(ter pea $!l head and a large n!t in a(t end 'nside t!$e, a $rass $!sh which has groo#es in it Strips o( lign!% #itae in groo#es act as $earing (or sha(t St!dding $oA to pre#ent water getting into h!ll ii. Bilge wellG when the cell!lar do!$le $otto% eAtends o!t to the ship4s side there are no proper $ilges. 'n this case the holds drain into $ilge well, which are s!n en co%part%ents in the do!$le $otto%. 't is to collect water (ro% rain, cargo sweat, ship sweat, re(rigerated container water, etc

1. S etch a cross section o( a r!dder carrier. (1771,177+) 3. S etch a transverse midship section o( a general cargo ship constr!cted on a combined framing system. )ist the (!nctions o( longitudinal framing. (177") ,!nctions o( longit!dinal (ra%ingG =esist hogging and sagging, water press!re, po!nding, dr./doc ing and shear stresses. 5. *raw a s etch showing the contact $etween a steel hatch cover and the hatch coa%ing indicating how watertightness is achie#ed. (177",1773)

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ii.

:he lower rollers are %o!nted on an eccentric $!sh which ena$les the% to $e raised or lowered. :his ena$les the hatch co#ers to $e raised (or rolling and stowage, or lowered so that the. can $e sec!red and %ade watertight. :he hatches are %ade watertight $. r!$$er 2ointing, $eing p!ll down $. cleats and cross/2oint wedges.

7. S etch a longitudinal section o( a 0)&& showing and na%ing all the main compartments. BAplain the reasons (or this arrange%ent o( co%part%ents. (1773) 10. )ist the (!nctions o( (loors and do!$le $otto%s in a general cargo ship. (1773,177+) ,loorG resist water press!re, dr./doc ing stresses, hea#. weights, local stresses, rac ing, #i$ration and po!nding. *o!$le $otto%G resist po!nding, etc

11. *raw a s etch showing the la.o!t o( the $ilge piping arrange%ent in a general cargo ship with the engine roo% a%idships. FF BAplain the reason (or separate pipelines to each $ilge. (1773,1775) i. Hot pass thro!gh deep tan , do!$le $otto% tan s and oil (!el $!n ers ii. Bilge pipes are (itted with non/ret!rn #al#e to a#oid hold (looding iii. S!ction are !s!all. placed at the a(t end o( each hold since ship nor%all. tri% $. the stern and water can $e collected at the a(t end o( the $ilges i#. Separate pipelines to each $ilge sinceG

12. Sketch a transverse section through a cargo vessel showing and naming the structural members which resist* +acking stresses and ,ater pressure. '1((-) iii. =ac ing =esisted $. tan side $rac ets and $ea% nees. -lso, trans#erse $!l head, we$ (ra%es or cantile#er (ra%es, (loor, shell plating and pillar. ( hip rac#ed by wave action or rolling. tresses come on the corners.)

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?ater press!re =esisted $. $!l heads and $. (ra%es and (loors, also $ea%, dec , longit!dinal girder, pillar and shell plating (water pressure push$in the side and bottom of ship)

13. )ist and $rie(l. descri$e the %ain drawings and plans a#aila$le on $oard ship. (1775) i. See section 3 1+. *raw s etches showing the transverse stresses which can $e eAerted on a ship4s h!ll and na%e the structural members which resist these stresses. (1771) 15. S etch and list o!t the #ario!s part o( a general dr. container. FF *escri$e the #ario!s t.pes o( container, their si<es, and their !sage. FF State the preca!tions that sho!ld $e o$ser#ed on &ontainer Stowage $e(ore and a(ter operations in a cell!lar container ship. (1771) 11. )ist the (!nction o( G longit!dinal $!l heads and longit!dinal (ra%ing (1771) 13. S etch a trans#erse section o( a do!$le $otto% tan in wa. o( a $rac et (loor, na%ing the %ain str!ct!ral %e%$ers. (1771) 15. S etch a transverse midship section o( a general cargo ship constr!cted on a combined framing system. FF )ist the three basic types of ship construction. (1773) i. .ransverse system closel. spaced trans#erse (ra%es to hold the plan s F together so that the sea%s co!ld $e ca!l ed ... . 't pro#ides considera$le trans#erse strength to resist the rac ing stress. 9ostl. (or s%all ship and sailing ships /ongitudinal system has longit!dinal (ra%e at the $otto%, sides and dec s, s!pported $. widel. spaced trans#erse we$. Strong longit!dinal strength resists hogging and sagging stresses (or long ships. 0ombination system longit!dinal (ra%es in the $otto% and strength dec , trans#erse (ra%es on the ship side where longit!dinal stresses are s%aller. Plate (loor and trans#erse $ea%s are (itted at inter#als to gi#e trans#erse strength.

ii.

iii.

17. S etch a trans#erse section o( a do!$le $otto% tan in wa. o( a plate (loor. (1773)