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Abstract This paper presents a method to operate a grid connected hybrid system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-ow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a exible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efciency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operatio n, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes.
A combined protection and control strategy to enhance the LVRT capability of a wind turbine driven by DFIG
Abstract In order to enhance the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) this paper proposes a combined protection and control strategy including the Active Crowbar and Battery Energy Storage System. The conventional crowbar is activated to protect the rotor side converter during the fault interval, premature removal the crowbar will not achieve good purpose of protection for the converter, too late removal will make the motor absorption the reactive power too much from the grid. This problem can be improved by using a
control scheme which is auto-switching the crowbar according to the size of rotor current .Furthermore, under fault condition the voltage will ripple in the DC link side, a battery energy storage system (BESS) connected to the DC bus is proposed which is controlled to attenuate the DC voltage ripple via absorbing the redundant power stored in the DC link capacitor. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this combined protection and control strategy.
Effects of Common-Mode Active Filtering in Induction Motor Drives for Electric Vehicles
Abstract This paper deals with the active common-mode (CM) voltage compensation in an induction motor drive where the inverter is supplied by a dc source, which is typical of vehicle applications. The CM
voltage at motor terminals, creating a shaft voltage through the motor air gap with possible rise in bearing current, can endanger motor reliability and reduce its lifetime. Therefore, CM voltage l tering is desirable. On the other hand, the operation of an active lter has an impact on drive efciency due to its specic losses and can affect the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions that are generated by the drive. Such effects are investigated in this paper. A detailed description of a CM active lter (CMAF) is presented. An analysis of the CM voltage and current on the motor ground connection before and after the introduction of the CMAF is performed. The power losses due to the CMAF operation are analyzed and experimentally evaluated. Furthermore, the EMI toward the vehicle dc power supply line is investigated. All phenomena are studied by simulation and experimentally. The simulated results are obtained developing a high-frequency circuit model of the drive system, including the CMAF, which is implemented using the PSpice software. To accurately perform the experimental tests, a new dedicated high voltage dual dc line impedance stabilization network (LISN) is designed and set up on purpose. The CMAF is found to be an effective solution for the increase in motor reliability and drive electromagnetic compatibility, and its operation does not significantly reduce drive efciency. Moreover, the CMAF does not worsen the EMI toward the dc supply line. Therefore, its presence does not imply the need for additional lters with respect to the case where no CMAF is used. Simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones, conrming the validity of the proposed modeling of the drive system.
Proof-of-Concept of a Smart Fault Current Controller With a Superconducting Coil for the Smart Grid
Abstract The power grid, especially distribution grid, has been more complicated due to distributed generations (DGs) with renewable energy sources and the smart grid. The complexity changes two things in terms of a fault; higher prospective fault current and the temporal variation of sources and loads. To correspond to those remarkable changes, we propose a fault current controller (FCC) named smart FCC. The smart FCC consists of a superconducting coil with a freewheeling diode if necessary, four thyristors, and a control unit. Smart FCC can not only limit but also control the current when a fault
occurs. The smart grid technology can provide so enough information that it is possible to estimate which level of limited current should be the best in the real-time situation of the grid. Based on a realtime calculation of optimal fault current using the smart grid monitoring technologies, this new device is always ready to adjust the fault current. In this paper, we introduce a concept of the smart FCC and prove the concept. Various topologies have been proposed and simulated. Finally, a case study on a distribution class of 22.9 kV smart FCC has been conducted based on a conceptional system design.