Advanced Applications in Naval Architecture Beyond the Prescriptions in Class Society Rules

CAE Naval 2013, 13/06/2013 Sergio Mello Norman Neumann

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Advanced Applications in Naval Architecture Introduction

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Bureau Veritas
Created in 1828 after the severe winter of 1821, which caused some

2,000 shipwrecks, 20,000 deaths and the bankrupt of most of insurance companies.

Mission: keep underwriters up to date with the various premiums in

use at different commercial centers and provide necessary information for determining the level of confidence in ships and equipment
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Bureau Veritas
1829: First Register published with more than 10,000 ships

"Nothing either in France or overseas can be compared to this manual (the Bureau Veritas Register) in any industrial branch, so absolutely necessary to the insurer and so useful to the maritime commerce in general. We do not understand how this institution does not benefit from the governments protection and solicitude for we consider it, beyond its usefulness, as being mainly of public interest."
Underwriters' magazine "Revue des Assurances", 1830

Since then the role of the Class Societies has expanded and their

contribution to the safety of navigation and operations in the sea is essential. Accidents may still occur, but we are convinced that we have avoided many others.

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Bureau Veritas: The Rules

Usually the Class Society verifies the conformity of ships

design and maintenance state against Rules internally developed incorporate:

The Rules are updated or new Rules are developed to

New concept or significant change on operation mode is made; Results of research and development projects; Feedback of users (internal and clients); Accidents
Research and development Improvement of state-of-the-art

New concept or phenomenon

Standardization

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The Numerical Simulations inside Bureau Veritas

Numerical Simulations are carried out normally as part of the

independent verification process for classification or certification

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The Numerical Simulations inside Bureau Veritas

Some applications present particular issues sometimes not completely

solved and therefore not covered properly in Rules, as for example:

Behavior of water colunm inside moonpool or in confined area (gap between structures)

Some applications are quite recent

Monocolunm platform
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Side-by-side offloading for LNG

Ultra-large vessels
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Advanced Applications in Naval Architecture Ultra large vessels

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The issue with ultra large vessels

The hydro-structure problem is extremely complex

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The classical approach

The classical approach:
Operation conditions Sea states

RULES
Linear hydrodynamic Problem Motions and accelerations Pressures Global loads

Linear Structural model Stresses

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The issue with ultra large vessels

Ultra large ships are more flexible and the ship may suffer dynamic

deformations due to the action of the waves

o Whipping: transient vibration due to wave impact

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The issue with ultra large vessels

o Springing: resonant vibration of the structure when the natural modes

match the encounter waves frequencies

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The issue with ultra large vessels

Our solution

FE Model

SPRINGING

WHIPPING
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The issue with ultra large vessels

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The issue with ultra large vessels

In case of whipping the local impact problem is solved and the non-

linear loads are included in a time domain scheme

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The issue with ultra large vessels

To validate our tools and methods we use model tests and full scale

measurements

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Advanced Applications in Naval Architecture Sloshing assessment

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Sloshing
Sloshing is probably the most complex hydro-elastic problem observed

in the naval & offshore sector (Mark III type tank)

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Sloshing assessment: our approach

Our approach
HYDRO-ELASTIC NUMERICAL METHODS
HYDRO-ELASTIC IMPACT TESTS HYDRO-ELASTIC NUMERICAL MODELS

OPERATION & NAVIGATION CONDITIONS

NUMERICAL SLOSHING SIMULATION IMPACT CONDITIONS & WAVE KINEMATICS SMALL-SCALE SLOSHING MODEL TESTS

HYDRO-ELASTIC STRUCTURAL RESPONSE

CCS: FAILURE MODES, ULTIMATE STRENGTH

CCS + INNER HULL: STRENGTH ASSESSMENT, ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA, SAFETY FACTOR

HydroSTAR
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Advanced Applications in Naval Architecture Water column behavior in confined areas

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The water column behavior in confined areas

A number of applications present confined water column

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The water column behavior in confined areas

The wave kinematics in confined area is very complex and at specific

frequencies there may be a resonant phenomenon

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The water column behavior in confined areas

The resonance is a realistic phenomenon. However, the waves

amplitudes at the resonance are not realistic since potential theory does not account for viscous dissipation.
H F

BV method (HydroStar) includes artificial dissipation in potential theory

Linear dissipation Expression for the velocity potential

Integral equation extended to a part of the free surface

Classical on body hull Need to remove irr. Freq. New over the damping zone
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The water column behavior in confined areas

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The water colunm behavior in confined areas

However the dissipation in potential theory is artificial. The question is

how to calibrate it:

Model Tests

CFD

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Advanced Applications in Naval Architecture The ship energy efficiency

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The ship energy efficiency

Today there is a strong focus in improving energy efficiency of ships

due to environmental (IMO requirements) and economical (price of bunker) concerns

This improvement may be reached in several ways: o Improving hydrodynamic performance: o Hull form; o Saving devices; o Propeller optimization; o Operation conditions o Changing the type of fuel (ex. lng); o Optimizing the power generators

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The ship energy efficiency

Bureau Veritas has established a partnership with the

French specialized firm HydrOcean in order to perform hydrodynamic optimization:

Of the hull forms (optimization on 10 to 30 hull forms) Of the propeller design (CFD) Of the overall efficiency of the hull with rotating propeller behind and rudder in the wake of the propeller (CFD)

Example of bulb deformations generated with OPTNAVc

Of various types of energy saving devices (special designs of propellers, podded propellers, contrarotating propellers, fins, aft bulbs, ducts)

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The ship energy efficiency: the optimization loop

Automatic and efficient optimisation loop allowing evaluation of hundreds of hulls in few days
Hull Modeling OPTNAV Automatic meshing Solvers : ICARE, ISIS, StarCCM+...

Inputs Hull parameters Constraints Objectives

Outputs Total drag, stability ...

Dedicated post-processing tools allowing simple visualisation and analysis by the client

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The ship energy efficiency: bare hull optimization

Description : CFD with free surface simulations of the hull Outputs of the simulations :

Ship drag issued from initial hull Sinkage and trim Wave field, nominal wake

Example of applications :

Hull drag reduction and form optimisation Wave field reduction

Initial

Optimised
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The ship energy efficiency: self propulsion simulations

Description : unsteady CFD simulations of hull and appendages, including rotating

propeller

Outputs of the simulations :

Propulsive performances of the ship Evaluation of hull / propeller / appendages interactions Cavitation onset risk, pressure pulses

Example of applications :

Hull power optimization Appendages alignment (twisted rudder and shaft brackets ) Evaluation of several propellers performances

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The ship energy efficiency: open water simulations

Description : unsteady CFD simulations of a rotating propeller Outputs of the simulations :

Kt, Kq and efficiency of the propeller in open water Estimation of cavitation onset risks

Example of applications :

Evaluation of propeller performances Evaluation Energy Saving Devices close to propeller

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The ship energy efficiency: saving devices evaluation

Description : unsteady CFD simulations with or without rotating propeller Outputs of the simulations :

Kt, Kq and efficiency of the propeller with or without ESD Ship drag with or without ESD

Example of applications :

Evaluation of hull or propeller with and without ESD Evaluation of hydrodynamic loads for structural design

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The ship energy efficiency: SEECAT

All the results can be integrated in our SEECAT tool in order to simulate, through

holistic approach, the energy flow of the ship

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Conclusions
In naval and offshore Industry we are always at the edge of technology We have shown few examples of complex applications. There are a lot

more...

Our advice to the clients:

WE WILL BE WITH YOU!

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