ARDUINO

The Arduino Environment

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Board Selection

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Serial Port/Com Port

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The Environment
SKETCH NAME

SAVE OPEN NEW UPLOAD VERIFY

SERIAL MONITOR

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Setup() and Loop()

SETUP:

The setup function is a default function type of the arduino environment It is mandatory to include this function. It runs only once at the start of the program. It is used for initialization of the different features of the controller, e.g. serial, pins direction etc.

LOOP:

The loop function is also a mandatory function. It contains the body of your code. It repeats itself over and over. (Analogous to a while(1) in the body of main() )
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Setup() and Loop()

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PINS

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PINS

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PINS

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PINS

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PINS

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PINS

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Digital Pin Control in Arduino

pinMode (pinnumber, state);

pinnumber State State

: Number of the digital pin : Output or Input : High or Low

digitalwrite(pinnumber, state);

Int x = digitalRead(pinnumber);

Int x : user defined variable to store value of the pin state

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Digital Pin Control in Arduino

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Delay

Unsigned long millis();

Returns the number of milli seconds since the current program has been running Pauses the program for the amount of milliseconds mentioned. Pauses the program for the amount of microseconds mentioned.

delay(ms);

delaymicroseconds(us);

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Delay

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Analog Functions

Int x = analogread(pinanalog);

Pinanalog : Number assigned to the analog pins of the arduino This function uses the adc of the avr to convert the analog inputs. It returns a 10-bit(0 - 1023) integer value. This functions utilizes the pwm generation capability of the avr. Pinnumber is the number of the pin that can be used for pwm. Value ranges from 0 255. It is representation of the duty cycle of the output wave.

analogwrite(pinnumber, value);

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Analog Functions

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Analog Functions

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External Interrupts

attachinterrupt(interrupt, function, mode);

Interrupt : The number of the interrupt, i-e, 0,1, 2 etc Function : user defined to be called when the interrupt occurs Mode : The state at which interrupt should occur, e.g. LOW, CHANGE, RISING, FALLING

detachinterrupt(interrupt); The interrupts in the arduinomega2560 are on the following pins, with the interrupt number in the brackets:

2 (interrupt 4), 3 (interrupt 5), 18 (interrupt 3), 19 (interrupt 2), 20 (interrupt 1), and 21(interrupt 0).

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External Interrupts
int pin = 13; volatile int state = LOW; void setup() { pinMode(pin, OUTPUT); attachInterrupt(0, blink, CHANGE); } void loop() { digitalWrite(pin, state); } void blink() { state = !state; }
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Serial

Serial.begin(baudrate);

Initializes the serial hardware for communication at the baud rate mentioned
Transmits the data. Serial.println adds a carriage return (\r\n) to the data. Reads the data received. Returns a value that indicates how many unread bytes are there.

Serial.print(data); and serial.println(data);

Int Serial.read();

Int serial.available();

Serial.flush();

Clears the buffer registers.

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Serial

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