TRANSMISSION

The power developed by the engine is to be transmitted to the driving

wheels. For this some device capable of changing speed and power to meet the frequent changes in the requirements demanded on the engine is needed in order to propel the automotive vehicle. The devices are generally called transmissions. These include all those components placed between the engine and the driving wheels, for transmission of engine power. These components are clutches, gearbox, couplings, propeller shaft, axels and differential.

Transmission placed in the vehicles,

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION: The transmission may be classified into 1. Manual Transmission 2. Automatic Transmission

MANUAL TRASMISSION: The first transmission invented was the manual transmission system. A manual transmission, also known as a manual gearbox or standard transmission (informally, a "manual", "stick shift", "straight shift", or "straight drive") is a type of transmission used in motor vehicle applications. It generally uses a driver-operated clutch, typically operated by a pedal or lever, for regulating torque transfer from the internal combustion engine to the transmission, and a gear-shift, either operated by hand (as in a car) or by foot (as on a motorcycle).
In manual transmission the driver needs to disengage the clutch to

disconnect the power from the engine first, select the target gear, and engage the clutch again to perform the gear change. WORKING OF MANUAL TRANSMISSION:

When the gear selector fork is shifted into first gear, the collar engages the blue gear on the right:

In this picture, the green shaft from the engine turns the layshaft, which turns the blue gear on the right. This gear transmits its energy through the collar to drive the yellow drive shaft. Meanwhile, the blue gear on the left is turning, but it is freewheeling on its bearing so it has no effect on the yellow shaft. COMPONENTS OF MANUAL TRANSMISSION: The diagram below shows a very simple two-speed transmission in neutral: The green shaft comes from the engine through the clutch. The green shaft and green gear are connected as a single unit. (The clutch is a device that lets you connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission. When you push in the clutch pedal, the engine and the transmission are disconnected so the engine can run even if the car is standing still. When you release the clutch pedal, the engine and the green shaft are directly connected to one another. The green shaft and gear turn at the same rpm as the engine.) The red shaft and gears are called the layshaft. These are also connected as a single piece, so all of the gears on the layshaft and the layshaft itself spin as one unit. The green shaft and the red shaft are directly connected through their meshed gears so that if the green shaft is spinning, so is the red shaft. In this way, the layshaft receives its power directly from the engine whenever the clutch is engaged.
The yellow shaft is a splined shaft that connects directly to the drive

shaft through thedifferential to the drive wheels of the car. If the wheels are spinning, the yellow shaft is spinning.

The blue gears ride on bearings, so they spin on the yellow shaft. If the engine is off but the car is coasting, the yellow shaft can turn inside the blue gears while the blue gears and the layshaft are motionless. The purpose of the collar is to connect one of the two blue gears to the yellow drive shaft. The collar is connected, through the splines, directly to the yellow shaft and spins with the yellow shaft. However, the collar can slide left or right along the yellow shaft to engage either of the blue gears. Teeth on the collar, called dog teeth, fit into holes on the sides of the blue gears to engage them.

The manual transmissions are conventionally called gear boxes. Their

mechanical efficiency in direct drive is about 98%, where as in reduction gears; it is slightly greater than 90%. As most of the time the driving is done in direct drive, friction losses in manual transmission are

very small. That coupled with simplicity and lower initial cost, is the reason these are still popular particularly in fuel-efficient automobiles. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION: The concept of an automatic transmission is new in India. An automatic transmission is a motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears. In this transmission system the gears are never physically moved and are always engaged to the same gears. Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems, hydraulic systems, electrical systems and computer controls, all working together in perfect harmony manually. Main Components of an Automatic Transmission1. 2. 3. 4. Planetary Gear Sets Clutches and Bands Torque Converter Valve Body

REQUIREMENTS OF AUTOMOTIVE TRANSMISSION:

To disconnect the engine from the drive wheels. To connect the engine smoothly and without shock to the driving

wheels. To vary the leverage between the engine and the driving wheels. To reduce the speed of the engine in proper ratio according to the performance of the vehicle. To turn the drive round through 90*. To drive the wheels at different speeds, while taking a curve. To allow a relative movement between the engine and the driving wheels because of the flexibility and contour of the road.