Printing Methods

Screen Printing:
What skills and knowledge are needed to use it? Cost? Active Listening Critical Thinking Judgment and Decision Making Time Management Operation Monitoring Quality Control Analysis Operation and Control Reading Comprehension Monitoring

Taken from: http://www.rglpromotions.com/Screen_Printing_Prices/screen_printing_prices.html This print process is most suited for medium to high volume. Prices are per print. Screen charges are free for 1 colour prints and 20 per colour thereafter when printing on our supplied garments. Customer's own garments will be printed at the same price but are liable for a screen charge of 20 per colour, no matter how many colours printed. Garment Quantity 5-9 10-20 21-50 51-100 101-200 201-500 500-1,000 1,001-2,000 2,001-5,000 5,001+ Equipment: Price per Print based on Number of Colours 1 4.50 2.50 1.80 1.15 0.80 0.62 0.50 0.40 0.35 0.31 2 N/A 3.50 2.50 1.55 1.05 0.79 0.60 0.50 0.43 0.37 3 N/A N/A 2.95 1.95 1.30 0.96 0.70 0.60 0.51 0.43 4 N/A N/A 3.55 2.35 1.55 1.13 0.80 0.70 0.59 0.45

How many can you make? Screen Printing is generally used for small illustrations and t-shirts, so it is most recommended to do it via batch production. Method:

1. Mesh is stapled to a wooden or metal frame 2. Masking tape stuck around underside of the screen 3. Stencil design cut 4. Stencil placed under frame but above paper 5. Line of ink placed at one end of screen 6. Use squeegee to draw ink across screen, pressing firmly 7. Carefully lift screen 8. Evaluate and repeat

Laser Printing:
Laser printing is a technique which uses lasers to colour in a material Advantages: Affordable Fast Good colour Can last for years

Disadvantages: Not everyone can get them More money paid out for better quality in colour and features Can easily break

Where can it be used? Magazines Posters Brochures Fanzines

Who has used it? Charlotte Hodes http://www.uwe.ac.uk/sca/research/cfpr/research/lasers/Artists/C_Hodes.html

What skills/ knowledge are needed to use it? Experience with electrical printing equipment For special printers Engineering/ Resistant Material Degree These are for printers designed to cut wood etc.

Cost: The amount is very flexible, as you can buy a decent colour printer for around 200, however for a much better quality print you will have to pay much more. Equipment: The specialised printer The surface you want it to print on An electrical output

Speed of process:

The speed of process is usually very fast on the majority of laser printers, however you will have to pay more for a faster printer, as the chip will have to cope with more How many can you make? Laser printing is a very simple, efficient technique for printing, so you can do as many or little as you want since there is no limit except the amount of ink and material. Laser Printing overall would be great for batch or mass production. Step-by-Step Guide: 1. 2. 3. 4. Turn it on Find what you want to print Use a programme (Word, powerpoint, photoshop) to print it Done and printed

Photocopying
A photocopier is practically a scanner witch acts like a camera by taking what is on a physical material in high lighting and scanning it to create an image on a computer. Advantages: Anything with a flat surface can be easily copied

Disadvantages: Can support the creation of fraudulent documents (fake information)

Where is it used? It is mainly used in offices as a way to efficiently decrease wasted time on the movement of documents by easily copying them for likely multiple employees. It can be used for things like posters and magazines, but the quality would be poor, however this method can be used in newspaper copying. Who has used it? Not too sure if this can be used to create artwork.. What skills and knowledge are needed? The knowledge of pressing a button Cost? I found this on: http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/ITHelp/printing/118100.htm which gives an idea on average how much it is to print in the working environment.

Double sided Print type A4 Black and White A4 Colour A3 Black and white A3 Colour Cost / page 4p 14p 8p 30p Equivalent cost /side 2p 7p 4p 15p

Single Sided
Print type A4 Black and White A4 Colour A3 Black and white A3 Colour Cost / page 3p 10p 6p 15p Equivalent cost /side 3p 10p 6p 15p

Equipment: Photocopier

Electronic output Computer with link cable for photocopier

Speed of Process: The speed of process depends on the age of the printer, however looking at the majority of the other printing processes; it is phenomenally fast for how compact they usually are, especially for ones in a household. Equipment: Scanner Computer Lead

Step-by-Step Guide: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Turn outlet Turn on photocopier Place document/photo face down on top of the scanning light Set the scale of copies Press Print Done!

Letter Pressing:
Letter Pressing is a printing technique, which involves locking movable type into the press and inking it. Advantages: Straightforward process Hand-made, Sharp Images Unique paper compatibility

Disadvantages: Slow Speed Slow ink dry Modern uses take time Printing images is a pain

Where is it used? Letter Pressing can be used for large printing such as this ( I could not find much information on the usage of letter pressing):

It can be also used for business cards Who has used it? Sarah Bryant An artists who does a letter pressing course http://www.londonprintstudio.org.uk/courses/letterpress/

What skills and knowledge are needed to use it? 1. Place each metal letter or symbol you want to use onto your composing stone and arrange them backwards 2. Add the ink to the letterpress and press the stone onto a test paper. Allow time for the stone to imprint the paper and set the ink, and then remove it. 3. Make adjustments to your stone based on the production of paper. Check if you need to create space between lines or letters, replace metal lettering if broken 4. Continue tweaking with the arrangements on the composing stone until you are satisfied with the product. Insert your stationery or paper onto the stone and begin producing copies. Cost: At: http://www.letterpressdesign.co.uk/letterpress-business-card-pricing/ these are the prices they were going with

Equipment: From: http://letterpressworks.co.uk/?page_id=4

Line casting equipment

Intertype C4 Ludlow Typograph Type casting equipment

Super Caster Composition Caster Our Printing Presses Gietz 60 18x12 Powered Hand Fed Platen Stephenson Blake 225 powered Proof Press (24 1/2 x2 1 1/2)


>Bindery:

Frontex AII Auto Stop Cylinder (17 1/4 x 12 1/2)

Ideal Guillotine Hand Round Corner machine Marshall 5 Hot Foil Blocking press Hand Eyeletter Hand Creaser Small saddle stitcher >Miscellaneous: Funditor SuperSaw Gas smelter and various ingot moulds

Speed of Process: The time is takes to setup and prepare for printing is the longest out of all of the discussed printing processes. Step-by-Step Guide: 1. Place each metal letter or symbol you want to use onto your composing stone and arrange them backwards 2. Add the ink to the letterpress and press the stone onto a test paper. Allow time for the stone to imprint the paper and set the ink, and then remove it. 3. Make adjustments to your stone based on the production of paper. Check if you need to create space between lines or letters, replace metal lettering if broken 4. Continue tweaking with the arrangements on the composing stone until you are satisfied with the product. Insert your stationery or paper onto the stone and begin producing copies.

Stencil
Stencil printing is a print which has been brushed or sprayed on via a sheeted material with the pattern template overlaid

Advantages:
Straightforward Inexpensive equipment Can produce thousands with one template

Disadvantages:
Takes time to dry Can rip, break template; which also takes time to make Difficult to mix colours

Where is it used?
Effect: Magazines Effect: Brochures Effect: Cards One-off prints

Who has used it? Posterchild (street artist) Will St Leger (Street Artist) Banksy (Graffiti Artist)

Skills and knowledge of using it: Cost?

There was very little information on this subject so I all I can do is present an average on the cost based on the work I did for it: Card x24 = 3 Spray Paint (can do 100 papers on average) = 14 Scalpel = 3 Paper (premier x 500 sheets) = 5 So a guess of the amount per 10 sheets with stenciling is (75/50 plus tax and 10% profit) (70)

Good in line work Good with understanding colours Quick Understanding the material needed for size variation of stencil

Speed of Process:
With printing, you have to take into account the time it takes to not only spray one sheet but for it to dry, factories can make this process more efficient, however we will be looking at the speed of process manually, so it takes a rough 3 minutes to spray one sheet , as you have to do it with little squirts, then wait again for it to dry, which varies depending on the temperate it is related with. Overall, it takes longer than the advanced printing techniques, which uses actual computer printers.

How many can you make:

Overall, looking at its ability to do things, I would say that it can be a small batched production or one-off, as the speed of process and manual labor have to come into play; furthermore the fact that this is one of the most artistic printing processes.

Equipment:
Scalpel Card Spray paint/ paint and something to dab it with Light Pencil

Step-by-step Guide:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Draw it Cut it Place it Dab it with colour Remove cut out; done

Linocutting: A linocut is a type of relief printing, this type of printing acts like a stamp. Advantages:
A very simple print method Can be used for artistic designs Cheap

Disadvantages:
Cannot undo a mistake Little tedious Can be very delicate

Where is it used?
With this type of printing, it honestly is not purposed for anywhere; what I mean by that it is not intended for things like magazines and brochures, but more for artistic experiments or finalized work by artists: the linocut printing method is more for creative purposes.

Who has used it?

Ian J http://www.reliefprint.co.uk/ Millie McCallum http://www.grapefruitgallery.co.uk/collections/linocut-prints/products/superpenguin Jane Bristowe http://www.grapefruitgallery.co.uk/collections/linocut-prints/products/bear Angela Newberry http://www.angela-newberry.co.uk/

Skills and knowledge of using it:

Good art skills Steady hand Good vision Understanding of how the print will come out

Cost:
Overall, the cost of a linocut can vary tremendously, as one can cost 8 while another by a much more popular artist can cost in the 100s. However, if you looking at the equipment side of the process, you are looking around 50 which is likely the cheapest and smallest stuff.

Speed of process:
With this method, I can recon that the average time to make a linocut will be in the hours, depending on the scale and detail.

How many can you make?

By analyzing the speed of process I can recon again that it would most likely be a one-off production, as it does take hours to make an excellent quality one.

Equipment:
Linoleum Assorted Blades Piece of glass Brayer Paper Ink Dark magic Marker Pencil Idea! Roller

Step-by-step Guide:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Come up with the design (in pencil) Put design on linoleum sheet Cut away Ink up the linocut with the roller Place linocut face down on paper and print