Biology (Code-A)

Sample Question Paper for Class XII

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER

Biology (Theory) - Class XII (Code-A)
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory. (ii) Questions number 1 to 8 are very short answer questions and carry 1 marks each. (iii) Questions number 9 to 18 are short answer type questions and carry 2 mark each. (iv) Questions number 19 to 27 are also short answer type questions and carry 3 marks each. (v) Questions number 28 to 30 are long answer type questions and carry 5 marks each.

(vi) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of 2 marks, one question of 3 marks and all three questions of 5 marks each. You have to attempt only one of the given choices in such questions. (vii) Use log tables if necessary, use of calculator is not allowed.

SECTION-A
Very Short Answer Type Questions : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Name the anther wall layer which nourishes the developing pollen grains. What is spermiogenesis? What is a Punnett square? What do you mean by Adaptive radiation? Name the linkage between nitrogenous base and pentose sugar in a nucleic acid. Name of the pathogen which causes amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery). What is meant by flocs? Name an organism that produces cry proteins. [8 1 = 8] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]

SECTION-B
Short Answer Type Questions : 9. 10. Draw a labelled diagram of the mature embryo sac. (a) What do you mean by spermiation? (b) What is the importance of sertoli cells in the process of spermatogenesis? 11. What are the factors that affect the primary productivity of a natural ecosystem? (1) [2] [10 2 = 20] [2] [2]

Sample Question Paper for Class XII

Biology (Code-A)

12.

(a) When did India initiate the family planning programmes? (b) Do you think that statutory ban on amniocentesis is justified, if so how? (c) What is the contribution of CDRI, Lucknow in the field of reproductive health?

[2]

13. 14.

Name the microbes that are the source for bioactive molecule cyclosporin A and statin respectively. (a) What is Lippes loop known for? (b) What does the term Panspermia stand for?

[2] [2]

15.

What do you mean by convergent evolution? OR Define biofortification. Name a wheat variety with high protein content.

[2]

16. 17. 18.

Why do we consider present day mammals more closely related to present day turtles & lizards? Discuss briefly eutrophication. (a) What are interferons? (b) What do you mean by passive immunisation?

[2] [2] [2]

SECTION-C
Short Answer Type Questions : 19. 20. 21. 22. Explain Chargaffs rule for a double stranded DNA. What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis. What is predation and its role in a biotic community? Expand the following (a) IVF (b) ICSI (c) GIFT (d) ZIFT (e) AI (f) IUI 23. 24. 25. Write briefly about genetic diversity. Draw a well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule. What is apomixis and its importance? OR Write down the chromosomal constitution and one important symptom of following syndromes. (a) Downs syndrome (b) Klinefelters syndrome (c) Turners syndrome (2) [3] [3] [3] [9 3 = 27] [3] [3] [3] [3]

Biology (Code-A)

Sample Question Paper for Class XII

26.

You overheard your mother telling an expecting mother to avoid breastfeeding the newly born for first two three days after birth as the yellowish fluid secreted by the mother is a waste fluid and should be discarded. Will you support your mothers opinion? [3] Explain PCR with suitable diagram [3]

27.

SECTION-D
Long Answer Type Questions : 28. Describe the various methods of outbreeding devices giving suitable examples. OR Describe in brief (a) Co-dominance (b) Pleiotropy (c) Sickle cell anaemia 29. Explain the mode of entry of AIDS virus into host cell and its release from it. Support your answer with a neat and labelled diagram [5] OR (a) What do you mean by metastasis? How is loss of contact inhibition and loss of adhesiveness related to cancerous cells? (b) Mention the genes that are associated with development of cancer. (c) How is cancer detected? 30. Give salient features of Human Genome Project (HGP). OR Describe Verhulst- Pearl logistic growth. [5] [5 3 = 15] [5]

(3)

Biology (Code-A)

Solutions of Sample Question Paper for Class XII

Biology (Theory) - Class XII (Code-A) SOLUTIONS

SECTION-A
1. Tapetum 2. Transformation of spermatids into sperm is called spermiogenesis. 3. Graphical representation to calculate the probability of all possible genotypes of progenies in a genetic cross. 4. Evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation 5. N-glycosidic linkage 6. Entamoeba histolytica 7. Flocs : Masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures in STP. 8. Bacillus thuringiensis

SECTION-B
9.
Chalazal end Antipodals

Polar nuclei Central cell Egg

Synergids Filiform apparatus Micropylar end

(c)

10. (a) Spermiation : After spermiogenesis, sperm head become embedded in sertoli cells and are finally released from seminiferous tubules by the process called spermiation. (b) Sertoli cells secrete androgen-binding protein that helps in maintaining high concentration of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules required for normal spermatogenesis. It also provides nutrition to germ cells. (1)

Solutions of Sample Question Paper for Class XII

Biology (Code-A)

11. Factors affecting primary productivity of a natural ecosystem are (i) Plant species inhabiting the ecosystem (ii) Variety of environmental factors (iii) Availability of nutrients (iv) Photosynthetic capacity of plants. 12. (a) India initiated family planning programmes in 1951. (b) Statutory ban on amniocentesis ; a test based on the study of the chromosomal pattern of the cells present in the amniotic fluid surrounded the developing embryo, since being used by people as a sex-determination test is justified. The ban on this test is aimed at legally checking the female foeticide. (c) Saheli a non-steroidal oral contraceptive for the females was developed by scientists at CDRI, Lucknow. 13. Cyclosporin A Trichoderma polysporum Statin Monascus purpureus 14. (a) Lippes loop is a non-medicated type of IUD. (b) Panspermia is a theory of origin of life on earth that advocates that life on earth and other planets has started from units of life called spores transferred to them from outer space. 15. Evolutionary changes that lead to formation of structures that are different in origin but similar in function in response to common demands from environment is known as convergent evolution. OR Biofortification : Breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals or higher protein and healthier fats. Wheat variety with high protein content is Atlas-66. 16. Present day mammals and Turtles and Lizards have arose from common ancestors i.e., early extinct reptiles 350 mya, hence, the two are more closely related. 17. Eutrophication : It is natural ageing of lake by biological enrichment of water, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus encourage the growth of aquatic organisms. The dead remains of organisms deposit in lake and over years the lake becomes shallower and warmer. Overgrowth of algae causes the algal bloom and finally lake is choked to death. 18. (a) Interferons are glycoproteins that are secreted by virus-infected cell in response to viral infection. As they check viral replication they are said to prevent spread of virus to adjacent cells (non-infected cell). (b) When preformed antibodies are injected into the body of the host in the form of injections it immediately starts defence response in the body of host. This is known as passive immunisation.

SECTION-C
19. Chargaffs rule (i) Molar concentration of purines equals pyrimidines.

(ii) A pairs T and G pairs C. (iii) A+ T/G+C ratio is constant for a species. (iv) Molar concentration of A equals T and that of G equals C. (2)

Biology (Code-A)

Solutions of Sample Question Paper for Class XII

20. The process of formation of mature female gamete is called oogenesis. Oogenesis is initiated during the embryonic development when a couple of million gamete mother cells (oogonia) are formed within each fetal ovary, no more oogonia are formed and added after birth. These cells start division and enter into prophase-1 of the meiotic division and get temporarily arrested at that stage called primary oocyte. Each primary oocyte then gets surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells and is called the primary follicles. A large no. of these follicles degenerate during the phase from birth to puberty. Therefore, at puberty only 60,000-80,000 primary follicles are left in each ovary. The primary follicles get surrounded by more layers of granulose cells and a new theca and are called secondary follicles. The secondary follicle soon transforms into a tertiary follicle which is characterised by a fluid-filled cavity called antrum. The theca layer is organised into an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa. At this stage that the primary oocyte within the tertiary follicle grows in size and completes its first meiotic division and forming large haploid secondary oocyte and tiny first polar body. The tertiary follicle further changes into the mature follicle or Graafian follicle. The secondary oocyte forms a new membrane called zona pellucida. The graafian follicle now ruptures to release the secondary oocyte from the ovary by the process called ovulation. 21. Interspecifc interaction in which one species is benefited (predator) and the other is harmed (prey). Role of predator : (i) Energy transfer to a higher trophic level (ii) Keeps population of prey under control (iii) Maintains species diversity in ecosystem 22. (a) IVF In Vitro Fertilization (b) ICSI Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (c) GIFT Gamete intra fallopian transfer (d) ZIFT Zygote intra fallopian transfer (e) AI Artificial insemination (f) IUI Intra uterine insemination 23. Genetic diversity : A single speceis may have high diversity at gene level over its distributional range. Higher is the genetic diversity more is adaptability in wide range of habitat and hence helps in ecotype formation and speciation. 24.
N N N

(3)

Solutions of Sample Question Paper for Class XII

Biology (Code-A)

25. Apomixis : Formation of seeds without fertilisation is called apomixis. It is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction. It has its importance in hybrid seed industry because segregation of characters is avoided in hybrid seeds if developed apomictically. OR (a) Chromosome constitution : AA + 1 + XX or AA + 1 + XY

Important symptoms : It is due to trisomy in 21st chromosome, may be male or female, short statured, small round head, furrowed tongue and partially opened mouth. (b) Chromosome composition : AA + XXY Important symptom : Males with gynaecomastia (c) Chromosome composition : AA + XO Important symptoms : Sterile females with rudimentary ovaries and lack secondary sexual characters. 26. No, It is wrong to say that yellowish fluid discahrged during first 2-3 days of lactation is waste. It is actually colostrum. It is pale coloured and highly nutritious & most importantly. It has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant which is actually the case of passive immunity. As the immune system of the newly born is not fully developed therefore these maternal antibodies passing via milk will provide protection against the pathogens. 27. The basic requirements of a PCR reaction are the following : (i) DNA Template : One or more target DNA molecules to be amplified can be taken as template.

(ii) Primers : These are oligonucleotides, usually 10-18 nucleotides long that hybridize to the target DNA region, one to each strand of the double helix. Two primers are required and these primers are oriented with their ends facing each other allowing synthesis of the DNA towards one another. (iii) Enzyme : DNA polymerase which is stable at high temperature (>90) is required to the synthesis of new DNA. The enzyme generally used in PCR reaction is Taq polymerase isolated from bacteria Thermus aquaticus. Working Mechanism of PCR A single PCR amplification cycle involves three basic steps (i) Denaturation : In denaturation step, the target DNA is heated to a high temperature (usually 94C) for breaking of hydrogen bonds of two strands. (ii) Annealing : In this step, the two primers anneal to each of the single-stranded template DNA since the sequence of the primers is complementary to the 3 ends of the template DNA. (iii) Primer Extenstion (Polymerisation) : The optimum temperature for this polymerization step is 72C. In the presence of Taq DNA polymerase, dNTPs and Mg2+ the primers are extended towards each other so that the DNA segment lying between the two primers is copied. (4)

Biology (Code-A)

Solutions of Sample Question Paper for Class XII

SECTION-D
28. Outbreeding devices (i) Dioecy : If both male and female flowers are present on different plants, they show cross pollination. It prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy e.g., Papaya.

(ii) Dichogamy : Maturity of the stamens and carpels in a bisexual flower is not synchronised i.e., male or female flowers mature at different time e.g., Cotton, Ficus etc. (iii) Self-incompatibility : This is a genetic mechanism in which the germination of pollen on stigma of the same flower is inhibited to avoid fertilisation of ovule. e.g., Tobacco. (iv) Herkogamy : Natural barrier present between two sex organs avoids contact of pollen with stigma of same flowers. e.g., Calotropis. (v) Heterostyly : Length of stamen and carpel (style) are different thus preventing self-pollination e.g., Primula. OR (a) Co-dominance The two alleles of the gene express equally i.e., there is no dominant-recessive relationship. The F1 generation resembles the phenotype of both the parents. e.g., AB blood group in human beings. (b) Pleiotropy A single gene product may produce more than one effect. Both the effects may not be equal. e.g., Gene B in pea controls both starch grain size (incomplete dominance) and shape of the seeds (complete dominance) (c) Sickle cell anaemia An autosomal recessive disorder in which 6th amino acid glutamic acid is replaced by valine due to single nucleotide mutation (Transversion). The RBC becomes sickle-shaped due to polymerisation under low oxygen. (5)

Solutions of Sample Question Paper for Class XII

Biology (Code-A)

29. After getting into the body of host the virus enters into macrophages by binding to their CD4 receptors with the help of GP120 part of its glycoprotein spike. Inside the macrophage its RNA genome replicates to form viral DNA with the help of enzyme reverse transcriptase. This viral DNA gets incorporated into host cells DNA and directs the infected cells to produce virus and in this way acts like an HIV factory. Simultaneously, HIV enters into helper T-lymphocytes, replicates and produces progeny viruses. The progeny viruses released in the blood attack other helper T-lymphocytes. This is repeated leading to a progressive decrease in the number of helper Tlymphocytes in the body of the infected person.

OR (a) Metastasis, the most feared property of cancerous cells, deals with migration of cancerous cells from one body part to another. The cells that lose their ability to stop division on coming in contact with each other are said to have gone cancerous. Similarly cancerous cells lose their ability to remain stuck with cells of their own type. (b) Genes assoicated with cancer are (i) Cellular oncogenes or Proto-oncogenes (ii) Tumour suppressor genes (iii) Genes for programmed cell death or apoptosis. The mutation in any one type of these genes leads to cancer. (c) Cancer is detected by biopsy, MRI, CT scanning or by cancer-specific antibodies. (6)

Biology (Code-A)

Solutions of Sample Question Paper for Class XII

30. Salient Features of HGP (i) Number of nucleotide bases 3164.7 million.

(ii) Average gene consists 3000 bases, but size varies considerably. (iii) Total number of genes estimated is 30,000. (iv) Functions are unknown for over 50% of discovered genes. (v) Less than 2% of genome has coding sequence.

(vi) Repeated sequences make very large portion of human genome. (vii) Chromosome 1 has most genes (2968) and the Y has fewest (231). (viii) 1.4 million locations have SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphism) pronounced as snips. This can throw light on evolution of human. OR Verhulst-Pearl logistic growth Curve. A population growing in habitat of limited resoures show initially a lagging phase, followed by phase of acceleration and deceleration and finally reaches an asymptote, when the populatin density reaches the carrying capacity. A plot of population density (N) in relation to time gives a sigmoid growth curve. It is represented mathematically as

dN K N rN dt K
where N = Population density at time t r = Intrinsic rate of natural increase K = Carrying capacity

Population density (N)

KN dN = rN K dt

Time (t)

(7)