Kinematics of a Particle

Curvilinear Motion

Prepared by Hui Kar Hoou

Curvilinear Motion

Gravel Falling Path

Normal & Tangential Acceleration

Curvilinear Motion
Particle move along a curved path Position, r
Position of a particle on a space curve =

Curvilinear Motion
Displacement,
Change in the particles position =

Curvilinear Motion
Velocity, v
=

Direction of v is tangent to the curve

Speed, v
Magnitude of v =

Curvilinear Motion
Acceleration, a
=

Direction of a is tangent to the hodograph

Rectangular Components
Position, r
= + +
= 2 + 2 + 2

Rectangular Components
Velocity, v
= + +
=
= = = = = 2 2 2 + +

Rectangular Components
Acceleration, a
= + +
= = = =

= = =

2 2 2 + +

Example 1

For a short time, the path of the plane in Fig. is described by = (0.001 2 ) . If the plane is rising with a constant velocity of 10 / , determine the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the plane when it is at = 100 . (Ans. = 18.7 /, = 0.791 / 2 )

Hints: Example 1
Velocity
=
2 2 +

Acceleration
=
2 2 +

Normal & Tangential Components

Tangent to the curve +ve in direction of increasing s

Perpendicular to tangent axis +ve in direction of toward the centre of curvature

Normal & Tangential Components

Velocity, v
= =

Normal & Tangential Components

Acceleration, a
= + =
=
2 ,

=
=

3/2 1+ 2

2 2
2 2 +

Example 2

When the skier reaches point A along the parabolic path in Fig., he has a speed of 6 / which is increasing at 2 / 2 . Determine the direction of his velocity and the direction and magnitude of his acceleration at this instant. Neglect the size of the skier in the calculation. (Ans. = 6 /, 45 ; = 2.37 / 2 , 12.5 )

Hints: Example 2

Acceleration
=
=
3/2 1+ 2

2 2 2

2 2 +

Cylindrical Components
Radial coordinate, r
Extends outward from fixed origin O

Transverse coordinate,
Counterclockwise angle between fixed reference line and the r axis

Cylindrical Components
Position, r
=

Cylindrical Components
Velocity, v
= + = = =
2 2

Cylindrical Components
Acceleration, a
= +
= 2 = + 2
2 2

+ + 2

Example 3

The rod OA in Fig. rotates in the horizontal plane such that = 3 . At the same time, the collar B is sliding outward along OA so that = 100 2 . If in both cases t is in seconds, determine the velocity and acceleration of the collar when = 1 . (Ans. = 361 /, = 114 ; = 1930 / 2 , = 169)

Hints: Example 3
Velocity
= + =
2 2

Acceleration
= 2 + + 2 = 2
2 2

+ + 2

THANK YOU