OSTA notes Neck part 1 http://www.cram.com/flashcards/necropsy-summer-1747742 anatomy http://www.cram.

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Fig . 6.1. NIKOLAEV Neck area and triangles : I a - suprahyoid part of the anterior region ; submandibular triangle ; I b - suprahyoid part of the anterior region ; submental triangle ; II a - subhyoid of the front area; sleepy triangle ; II b - subhyoid of the front area; scapulartracheal triangle ; III - clavisternomastoid region ; IV a - lateral region ; scapular- trapezoidal triangle ; IV b lateral region ; scapuloclavicular triangle ; 1 - the lower edge of the mandible , 2 - anterior belly of the digastric muscle , 3 - posterior belly of the digastric muscle 4 - hyoid 5 sternocleidomastoid muscle; 6 - upper abdomen scapular- hyoid muscles , 7 - trapezius , 8 lower abdomen scapular- hyoid muscles , 9 - collarbone

. 12.3. : Fig. 12.3. Superficial nerves of the neck:

1 - cervical branch of the facial nerve, 2 - greater occipital nerve, 3 - small occipital nerve, 4 - Rear auricular nerve, 5 - transverse nerve neck 6 - Front supraclavicular nerve 7 - middle supraclavicular nerve, 8 - Rear supraclavicular nerve

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. 6.2. Fig. 6.2. Fascia of the neck on the horizontal section:

Nikolaev 1 - fascia superficialis (yellow); II - lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriae (red); III - lamina profunda fasciae colli propriae (green); IV - lamina visceralis fasciae endocervicalis (blue dotted line), lamina parietalis fasciae endocervicalis (vagina carotica (blue); V - fascia prevertebralis (brown), 1 - m. trapezius; 2 - the deep muscles of the neck, 3 - oesophagus; 4 - mm. scaleni; 5 - a. carotis communis, v. jugularis interna et n. vagus; 6 - m. omohyoideus; 7 - m. sternocleidomastoideus; 8 - platysma; 9 - trachea; 10 - spatium previscerale; 11 - gl. thyroidea

. 6.4. NIKOLAEV (): Fig. 6.4. Fascias and cellular spaces of the neck on the sagittal section (diagram): 1 - os hyoideum; 2 - fascia superficialis (1st fascia ) 3 - lamina superficialis fasciae cervicalis propriae (2nd fascia ) 4 - lamina profunda fasciae cervicalis propriae (3rd fascia), 5 - parietal layer

fasciae endocervicalis (4 - I), 6 - leaf visceral fasciae endocervicalis (4th) and the isthmus gl. thyroidea; 7 - arcus venosus juguli; 8 - spatium interaponeuroticum; 9 - spatium suprasternale; 10 - manubrium sterni; 11 - spatium previscerale; 12 - a. et v. brachiocephalicae; 13 - spatium prevertebrale; 14 - spatium retroviscerale; 15 - trachea; 16 - oesophagus; 17 - cartilago cricoidea; 18 - rima glottica; 19 - epiglottis; 20 - fascia prevertebralis (5th fascia )

NIKOLAEV Cellular spaces of the neck ( ) Located between the fascia of the neck are important in practical terms cellular spaces .

Submandibular cellular spaces , spatium submandibulare. This space is located between two sheets 2nd fascia of the neck, forming a bed of submandibular salivary gland. Third is the lower wall surface of the lower jaw. Fiber surrounding the gland, in the course of the ductless glands associated with the oral cavity . Therefore an infection of the oral cavity can penetrate into this space , whereby there phlegmon submandibular cellular spaces . However, it is sufficiently insulated , and further spread of infection to neighboring spaces is only possible along the vessels passing within this space.

Episternal mezhfastsialnoe space , spatium suprasternale interfasciale, located between two sheets 2nd fascia, sessile on the front and rear of the handle of the sternum. Cellulose this small narrow space sometimes abscesses after accesses mediastinum through the sternum ( sternotomy ) .

Suprasternal space , spatium suprasternale, located between 2nd and 3rd fascia of the neck above the upper edge of the sternum and partially behind her. His height - 2-3 cm above both the fascia , as already noted, are fused . Laterally episternal space is limited coalescence third fascia with 2nd behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle at its outer edge. Here emit so -called blind bags Gruber . In the suprasternal space is arcus venosus juguli, jugular veins connecting the front and flows into the external jugular vein ( Fig. 6.4). Predvistseralnoe ( predtrahealnoe ) or previsceral space, the space located between the parietal and visceral sheets 4th fascia anterior to the neck organs . It extends to the top of the hyoid bone , below the transition is limited space in the parietal leaflet visceral level presternum . On the sides of the space is limited predvistseralnoe major neurovascular bundle of the neck surrounded vagina carotica, parietal layer formed 4th fascia. In tissue spatium previscerale located unpaired thyroid venous plexus , plexus thyroideus impar, from which the blood drains into the inferior thyroid vein. In some cases, passes through the cellular spaces inferior thyroid artery , a. thyroidea ima, extending from the brachiocephalic trunk .

Pozadivistseralnoe space , spatium retroviscerale, located between the visceral and parietal layer 4th fascia ; parietal layer is fused with the 5th fascia. Above this space is associated with peripharyngeal space, and along the bottom of the esophagus and periesophageal tissue communicates with the upper and posterior mediastinum and extends from the base of the skull to the diaphragm. Kletchatochnyh gap sleepy vagina , vagina carotica, parietal layer formed 4th fascia. Also carotid artery internal jugular vein and vagus nerve , sleepy vagina contains cellulose chain and deep lymph nodes , which are located along the wall of the internal jugular vein . Downstream of the common carotid artery tissue associated with the upper mediastinum .

Kletchatochnyh gap around m. sternocleidomastoideus located between muscle and fascia 2nd forming for her isolated case.

Prevertebral space , spatium prevertebrale, located between the prevertebral ( 5th) fascia and the front surface of the cervical vertebrae .

Cellular spaces of the lateral area of the neck is located between the 2nd and 5th fascia . In addition to adipose tissue in the cervical outer space contains blood and lymph vessels , nerves, lymph nodes.

Deep cellular spaces under the 5th fascia in the lateral neck surrounds subclavian artery and brachial plexus and over the course of the neurovascular bundle with fiber reported armpit .

Fig . 12.2 KAGAN . Topography of the neck on the horizontal sawing : 1 - superficial fascia of the neck , 2 - superficial fascia own piece neck , 3 - piece own deep fascia of the neck , 4 - parietal layer vnutrisheynoy fascia , 5 - piece vnutrisheynoy visceral fascia , 6 - thyroid capsule , 7 - the thyroid gland , 8 - trachea 9 - the esophagus , 10 - the neurovascular bundle of the medial triangle of the neck 11 - retrovistseralnoe cellular spaces , 12 - prevertebral fascia , 13 - spurs second fascia of the neck , 14 - superficial muscles of neck 15 - sternohyoid and sterno - thyroid muscles ; 16 - breast noklyuchichno - mastoid muscle; 17 - scapular- hyoid muscle; 18 - internal jugular Vienna , 19 - common carotid artery , 20 - the vagus nerve ; 21 - Edge sympathetic trunk , 22 - scalene muscles ; 23 cucullaris

http://www.cea1.com/category/anatomy-sistems/ https://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_8/chapter_53.html

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-glottis.htm The glottis is the term used to describe the part of the larynx that contains the vocal cords. It also includes the vocal folds as well as the spaces found between them. The glottis is instrumental in the development and creation of speech in humans.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_plexus

The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment in the neck. They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral (m. scalenus, m. levator scapulae, m. splenius cervicis) from lateral side. There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to sternocleidomastoid. Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innervate the back of the head, as well as some neck muscles. The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.

The cervical plexus has two types of branches: cutaneous and muscular.

Cutaneous (4 branches): o Lesser occipital nerve - innervates lateral part of occipital region (C2 ONLY) o Great auricular nerve - innervates skin near concha auricle (outer ear) and external acoustic meatus (ear canal) (C2&C3) o Transverse cervical nerve - innervates anterior region of neck (C2&C3) o Supraclavicular nerves - innervate region of supraspinatus, shoulder, and upper thoracic region (C3,C4) Muscular o Ansa cervicalis (loop formed from C1-C3), etc. (geniohyoid (C1 only), thyrohyoid (C1 only), sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid) o Phrenic (C3-C5 (primarily C4))-innervates diaphragm and the pericardium o Segmental branches (C1-C4)- innervates anterior and middle scalenes

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http://quizlet.com/3237857/triangles-of-the-neck-1-54-flashcards/ neck anatomy quizlet questions

quizlet neck anatomy nerves muscles http://quizlet.com/18653655/neck-flash-cards/

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. 12.13. : Fig. 12.13. Branches of the subclavian artery: 1 - internal thoracic artery, 2 - vertebral artery; 3 - schitosheyny trunk, 4 - ascending cervical artery; 5 - inferior thyroid artery; 6 - inferior laryngeal artery, 7 - suprascapular artery; 8 rebernosheyny trunk; 9 - deep cervical artery; 10 - supreme intercostal artery; 11 - transverse cervical artery 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 - ; 8 - ; 9 - ; 10 - ; 11 -

Schitosheyny trunk (truncus thyrocervicalis) departs from the subclavian artery at the medial edge of the anterior scalene muscle and gives four branches: the inferior thyroid (a. thyroidea inferior), neck upward (a. cervicalis ascendens), suprascapular (a. suprascapularis) and transverse cervical artery (a. transversa colli). = (truncus thyrocervicalis)

4 : (a. thyroidea inferior), (a. cervicalis ascendens), (a. suprascapularis) (a. transversa colli).

KAGAN : Schitosheyny or thyrocervical trunk (truncus thyrocervicalis) departs from the subclavian artery at the medial edge of the anterior scalene muscle and gives four branches: the inferior thyroid (a. thyroidea inferior), neck upward (a. cervicalis ascendens), suprascapular (a. suprascapularis) and transverse cervical artery ( a. transversa colli). A. thyroidea inferior, rising upwards, forms an arc at the transverse process of the cervical vertebra VI crossing lies behind the vertebral artery and passing in front of the common carotid artery . Nizhnemedialnoy from the arc inferior thyroid artery branches depart to all the organs of the neck : rr. pharyngei, oesophagei, tracheales. The walls of the thyroid gland and thicker these branches anastomose with branches of other arteries of the neck and the lower branches opposite and superior thyroid artery . A. cervicalis ascendens goes up to the front surface of the m. scalenus anterior, parallel to n. phrenicus, medially from him. A. suprascapularis sent to the lateral side, then with the same name is located vein behind the clavicle and the upper edge with the lower abdomen m. omohyoideus reaches transverse cutting blade. A. transversa colli may depart from both the truncus thyrocervicalis, and from the subclavian artery. Deep branch of the transverse artery of the neck, or the dorsal artery of the blade lies in the interval cellulate back at the medial border of the scapula .

http://www.betterhealthbodywork.com/2014/01/13/muscle-monday-scalenes/

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/8221/22185/ http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0100/0122.shtml http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/immune-lymphatic/thoracic-duct-left-lymphatic-duct#fulldescription

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_duct

In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel of the lymphatic system. It is also known as the left lymphatic duct, alimentary duct, chyliferous duct, and Van Hoorne's canal. In adults, the thoracic duct is typically 38-45cm in length and an average diameter of about 5mm. The vessel usually starts from the level of the second lumbar vertebra and extends to the root of the neck. It drains into the systemic (blood) circulation at the left subclavian vein. It also collects most of the lymph in the body other than from the right side which is drained by the right lymphatic duct.
The lymph duct originates in the abdomen from the confluence of the right and left lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk, forming a significant pathway upward called the cisterna chyli. It traverses the diaphragm at the aortic aperture and ascends the superior and posterior mediastinum between the descending thoracic aorta (to its left) and the azygos vein (to its right). The duct extends vertically in the chest and curves posteriorly to the left carotid artery and left internal jugular vein at the C7 vertebral level to empty into the junction of the left subclavian vein and left jugular vein, below the clavicle, near the shoulders.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_angle Venous angle (Pirogoff's angle, Latin: angulus venosus) is the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins at both sides of the neck. The external and the anterior jugular and the vertebral veins converge toward it. The left venous angle is where the thoracic duct returns lymph to the circulatory system.

http://www.bartleby.com/107/176.html thoracic duct

2. The Thoractic Duct

The thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus) (Fig. 599) conveys the greater part of the lymph and chyle into the blood. It is the common trunk of all the lymphatic vessels of the body, excepting those on the right side of the head, neck, and thorax, and right upper extremity, the right lung, right side of the heart, and the convex surface of the liver. In the adult it varies in length from 38 to 45 cm. and extends from the second lumbar vertebra to the root of the neck. It begins in the abdomen by a triangular dilatation, the cisterna chyli, which is situated on the front of the body of the second lumbar vertebra, to the right side of and behind the aorta, by the side of the right crus of the diaphragm. It enters the thorax through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, and ascends through the posterior mediastinal cavity between the aorta and azygos vein. Behind it in this region are the vertebral column, the right intercostal arteries, and the hemiazygos veins as they cross to open into the azygos vein; in front of it are the diaphragm, esophagus, and pericardium, the last being separated from it by a recess of the right pleural cavity. Opposite the fifth thoracic vertebra, it inclines toward the left side, enters the superior mediastinal cavity, and ascends behind the aortic arch and the thoracic part of the left subclavian artery and between the left side of the esophagus and the left pleura, to the upper orifice of the thorax. Passing into the neck it forms an arch which rises about 3 or 4 cm. above the clavicle and crosses anterior to the subclavian artery, the vertebral artery and vein, and the thyrocervical trunk or its branches. It also passes in front of the phrenic nerve and the medial border of the Scalenus anterior, but is separated from these two structures by the prevertebral fascia. In front of it are the left common carotid artery, vagus nerve, and internal jugular vein; it ends by opening into the angle of junction of the left subclavian vein with the left internal jugular vein. The thoracic duct, at its commencement, is about equal in diameter to a goose-quill, but it diminishes considerably in caliber in the middle of the thorax, and is again dilated just before its termination. It is generally flexuous, and constricted at intervals so as to present a varicose appearance. Not infrequently it divides in the middle of its course into two vessels of unequal size which soon reunite, or into

several branches which form a plexiform interlacement. It occasionally divides at its upper part into two branches, right and left; the left ending in the usual manner, while the right opens into the right subclavian vein, in connection with the right lymphatic duct. The thoracic duct has several valves; at its termination it is provided with a pair, the free borders of which are turned toward the vein, so as to prevent the passage of venous blood into the duct. The cisterna chyli (receptaculum chyli) (Fig. 600) receives the two lumbar lymphatic trunks, right and left, and the intestinal lymphatic trunk. The lumbar trunks are formed by the union of the efferent vessels from the lateral aortic lymph glands. They receive the lymph from the lower limbs, from the walls and viscera of the pelvis, from the kidneys and suprarenal glands and the deep lymphatics of the greater part of the abdominal wall. The intestinal trunk receives the lymph from the stomach and intestine, from the pancreas and spleen, and from the lower and front part of the liver.
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Tributaries.Opening into the commencement of the thoracic duct, on either side, is a descending trunk from the posterior intercostal lymph glands of the lower six or seven intercostal spaces. In the thorax the duct is joined, on either side, by a trunk which drains the upper lumbar lymph glands and pierces the crus of the diaphragm. It also receives the efferents from the posterior mediastinal lymph glands and from the posterior intercostal lymph glands of the upper six left spaces. In the neck it is joined by the left jugular and left subclavian trunks, and sometimes by the left bronchomediastinal trunk; the last-named, however, usually opens independently into the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.

The right lymphatic duct (ductus lymphaticus dexter) (Fig. 601), about 1.25 cm. in length, courses along the medial border of the Scalenus anterior at the root of the neck and ends in the right subclavian vein, at its angle of junction with the right internal jugular vein. Its orifice is guarded by two semilunar valves, which prevent the passage of venous blood into the duct.

Tributaries.The right lymphatic duct receives the lymph from the right side of the head and neck through the right jugular trunk; from the right upper extremity through the right subclavian trunk; from the right side of the thorax, right lung, right side of the heart, and part of the convex surface of the liver, through the right bronchomediastinal trunk. These three collecting trunks frequently open separately in the angle of union of the two veins.