PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGA TRABAJO DE GRADO I TALLER No.

1. Lea con detenimiento el siguiente resumen, identifique las variables dependientes e independientes del estudio y clasifquelas segn su escala de medicin en el cuadro al final de la lectura. Background: In recent decades low-income countries experienced an increasing trend in dental caries among children, particularly recorded in 12-year olds, which is the principal WHO indicator age group for children. This increases the risks of negative affects on children's life. Some data exist on the oral health status of children in low-income countries of Southeast Asia. However, information on how oral health is associated with socio-behavioural factors is almost not available. The aims of this study were to: assess the level of oral health of Lao 12-year-olds in urban and semiurban settings; study the impact of poor oral health on quality of life; analyse the associationbetween oral health and socio-behavioural factors; investigate the relation between obesity and oral health. Methods: A cross sectional study of 12-year old schoolchildren chosen by multistage randomsampling in Vientiane, Lao P.D.R (hereafter Laos). The final study population comprised 621 children. The study consisted of: clinical registration of caries and periodontal status, and scores for dental trauma according to WHO; structured questionnaire; measurement of anthropometric data. Frequency distributions for bi-variate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were used for assessment of statistical association between variables. Results: Mean DMFT was 1.8 (SEM = 0.09) while caries prevalence was 56% (CI95 = 52-60).Prevalence of gingival bleeding was 99% (CI95 = 98-100) with 47% (CI95 = 45-49) of present teeth affected. Trauma was observed in 7% (CI95 = 5-9) of the children. High decay was seen in children with dental visits and frequent consumption of sweet drinks. Missed school classes, tooth ache and several impairments of daily life activities were associated with a high dD-component. No associations were found between Body Mass Index (BMI) and oral health or common risk factors. The multivariate analyses revealed high risk for caries for children with low or moderate attitude towards health, a history of dental visits and a preference for drinking sugary drinks during school hours. Low risk was found for children with good or average perception of own oral health. High risk for gingival bleeding was seen in semi-urban children and boys. Conclusion: Although the caries level is low it causes considerable negative impact on daily life.School based health promotion should be implemented focussing on skills based learning and attitudes towards health.(Jrgensen & Petersen, 2009). VARIABLE dental caries 12 years old children socio-behavior factors caries status periodontal status dental trauma BMI oral health common risks factors low or moderate attitude towards health history of dental visits preference for drinking sugary drinks during school hours 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NOMINAL 1 1 ORDINAL INTERVALO RAZON

2. Realice el anlisis y la interpretacin del siguiente cuadro a partir del clculo de proporciones por cada una de las variables del estudio.

Sexo Hombres Mujeres Frecuencia de cepillado Al menos una vez al da Menos de 7 veces/semana Inicio de uso de pasta dental < 4 aos 4 aos Actitud de la madre Positiva Negativa Defectos del esmalte Sin defecto Con defecto 651 61 529 184 641 72 346 367

Fuente: (Vallejos , Medina, Cassanova , & Maupom, 2007). Total poblacin del estudio n=713 personas.

223 490

Sexo: proporcin hombres ( hombres + mujeres) 346/ 346+367 = 0.48* 100= 48% proporcin mujeres/ (hombres + mujeres) 367/ 346+367= 0.51*100= 51% el 48% de individuos en una poblacin determinada son hombres el 51% de individuos en una poblacin determinada son mujeres. Frecuencia de cepillado: al menos una vez al da/ menos de 7 veces/ semana 641/641+72= 0.89 72/641+72= 0.10 El 89 % de la poblacin se cepilla al menos una vez al da El 10% de la poblacin se cepilla menos de 7 veces a la semana Inicio de uso de pasta dental: <4 aos/ (<4 aos+ 4 aos) 223/ 223+490= 0.31 490/223+ 490 =0.68 El 31% de la poblacin inicio el uso de pasta dental cuando era menor de 4 aos El 68% de la poblacin inicio el uso de pasta dental cuando era mayor de 4 aos de edad

Actitud de la madre: positiva / (positiva + negativa) 529/529+ 184= 0.74 negativa: 184/529 + 184= 0.26 74% de las madres en una poblacin tienen una actitud positiva 26% de las madres en una poblacin tiene una actitud negativa

Defectos del esmalte= sin defecto / (sin defectos+ con defecto) 651/ 651+ 61)= 0.91 con defecto 61/651+61= 0.0867 91% de la poblacin tiene defectos del esmalte 8.7% de la poblacin tiene defectos en el esmalte

3. En una poblacin de 213.456 personas, se desarroll un estudio con el fin de determinar la incidencia y la prevalencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal. Despus de un seguimiento de 5 aos a la misma poblacin se detect un total de 256 casos de caries y 367 casos de enfermedad periodontal. Con los datos expuestos anteriormente calcule los siguientes indicadores: a. Tasa de incidencia para caries y para enfermedad periodontal. (utilice 100.000 como constante). b. Incidencia acumulada para caries y enfermedad periodontal. (utilice 1.000 como constante). b. Prevalencia de caries y de enfermedad periodontal al final del estudio. Desarrollo. a. TI= x/(x+y*t*k) TI (Tasa de incidencia Caries) = 256/ (213.456+256*5*100.000) TI (Tasa de incidencia Caries) = 2.399 *10-9 TI (Tasa de incidencia enf. Periodontal)= 367/ (213.456+367*5*100.000) TI (Tasa de incidencia enf. Periodontal)= 3.433 * 10- 9 b. IA= x/(x+y) *k IA (incidencia Acu. Caries)= 256/ (213.456+256*1.000) IA (Incidencia Acu. Caries)=1,1978738*10-6 IA (Incidencia Acu. E Periodontal)= 367/ (213.456+3679* 1.000) IA (Incidencia Acu. E periodontal)= 1,7163729 *10-6 c. P= (# de casos) / (total de poblacin )* 10n P (prevalencia de caries) = (256/ 213.456) *10 P(prevalencia de caries) =0.011993104 P( prevalencia E. Periodontal) = (367/213.456)*10 P(prevalencia E. Periodontal) = 0.017193239

Trabajos citados
Jrgensen, N., & Petersen, P. (2009). Oral health and the impact of social-behavioural factors in a cross sectional survey of 12 year old school children in Laos. BMC Oral Health, 9(29). Vallejos , A., Medina, C., Cassanova , J., & Maupom, G. (2007). Defectos del esmalte, caries en denticion primaria, fuentes de fluoruro y su relacin con caries en dientes permanentes. Gaceta Sanitaria, 21(3), 227 - 234.