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Bussmann
National Electrical Code® and N.E.C.® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Inc., Quincy, MA
02269. This bulletin does not reflect the official position of the NFPA.
Great care has been taken to assure the recommendations herein are in accordance with the N.E.C® and sound engineering principles. Bussmann
cannot take responsibility for errors or omissions that may exist. The responsibility for compliance with the regulatory standards lies with the user.
110-3(b) Covers Requirements for Proper Installation of Listed and Labeled Equipment
812H
8 RY4 6 1M3-A FOR OUTDOOR USE
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
VAC PH CYC LRA Violates N.E.C. & Listing Requirements
230 - 60 140
COMPRESSOR —
FAN MOTOR 230 - 60
—
* C O M P R E S S O R R AT E D I N R L A
FUSED
FEEDER BRANCH
CIRCUIT CIRCUIT
MINIMUM CIRCUIT AMPACITY 37 FACTORY CHARGED WITH REFRIGERATOR
SEE CONTROL PANEL COVER FOR A FUSED
MAXIMUM FUSE SIZE AMPS 60 OF SYSTEM REFRIGERANT DISCONNECT
MINIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE
207
AIR CONDITIONER
Typical Nameplate of a Central Air Conditioning Unit. MARKED WITH
"MAX" FUSE
Fuse protection in the branch circuit is mandatory to meet the
requirements of the U.L. Listings and the National Electrical Code.
Note that the U.L. Orange Book “Electrical Appliance and
Utilization Equipment Directory,” April 1995, requires the following
for central cooling, air conditioners: “Such multimotor and
combination load equipment is to be connected only to a circuit Conforms to N.E.C. & Listing Requirements
protected by fuses or a circuit breaker with a rating which does not
exceed the value marked on the data plate. This marked protective FUSED
device rating is the maximum for which the equipment has been BRANCH
CIRCUIT NON-FUSED
investigated and found acceptable. Where the marking specified DISCONNECT
fuses, or “HACR Type” circuit breakers, the circuit is intended to
be protected only by the type of protective device specified.” U.L.
Standard 1995 also covers this subject.
AIR CONDITIONER
MARKED WITH
What about a motor starter heater table (such as that shown below) "MAX" FUSE
which specifies Maximum Fuse?
4
110-3(b) Covers Requirements for Proper Installation of Listed and Labeled Equipment
What violation exists when a “series-rated” panelboard with a “42/10” Can a series-rated system recognized by a testing laboratory be used in a
system rating has the potential to see a fault current less than 4 ft. from facility with motors on the load side of the main circuit breaker?
the loadside circuit breaker?
AS TESTED VIOLATION COMPLIANCE
200A
42KA
A.I.R.
#12 Cu
WIRE
Branch Circuit Series Rated
10KA.I.R. Recognized
20A CB's CB-CB System M M
Fault <4' from Branch
Circuit Breaker Series Rated Recognized Fully-Rated System
CB-CB with Short-Circuit
200A Panelboard Current from more than
one source
U.L. 489 Series Rating tests allow a maximum of 4 ft. of rated wire
to be connected to the branch circuit breaker. Whenever the No, this would be a violation of 110-3b, since the series-rated
potential for a fault exists closer than 4 ft. from the circuit breaker, system is tested only with a short-circuit source on the line side of
i.e., where the #12 wire leaves the enclosure, or a maintenance the main circuit breaker. Should motors be used on the load side
man is working on the equipment “hot”, a violation of 110-3b of the main circuit breaker, the main circuit breaker will not “see”
exists, as does a potentially hazardous condition. In this situation, this contribution, but the branch circuit breaker will, thus changing
the interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker does not equal its the opening characteristics of the combination, and violating the
marked interrupting rating! recognition.
The recommended solution would be to specify a fully-rated
system, with all devices meeting the requirements of Section
110-9.
110-9 Covers the Requirements for Proper Interrupting Rating of Overcurrent Protective Devices
What is the importance of Section 110-9? The following definition of Interrupting Capacity is paraphrased
Equipment designed to break fault or operating currents must from the IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic
have a rating sufficient to withstand such currents. This article Terms:
emphasizes the difference between clearing fault level currents Interrupting Capacity (CB): Actual test Ip and IRMS the circuit
and clearing operating currents. Protective devices such as fuses breaker sees during the U.L. tests for standard circuit breaker
and circuit breakers are designed to clear fault currents and, applications. This value should not be exceeded.
therefore, must have short-circuit interrupting ratings sufficient for
fault levels. Equipment such as contactors and switches have What happens if a fault current exceeds the interrupting rating of a fuse
interrupting ratings for currents at other than fault levels. Thus, the or the interrupting capacity of a circuit breaker?
interrupting rating of electrical equipment is now divided into two It can be damaged or destroyed. Severe equipment damage and
parts. Current at fault (short-circuit) levels and current at operating personnel injury can result.
levels.
In this circuit, what interrupting rating must the fuse have?
Most people are familiar with the normal current carrying
ampere rating of a fuse or circuit breaker; however, what is a Available fault current–50,000 amperes
short-circuit interrupting rating?
It is the maximum short-circuit current that an overcurrent
protective device can safely interrupt under specified test
conditions.
At least 50,000 amperes. (Class R, J, T, L and CC fuses have an
What is a circuit breaker’s interrupting capacity? Interrupting Rating of at least 200,000 amperes. The interrupting
It is the highest short-circuit current at rated voltage that the device rating of a fuse and switch combination may also be 200,000
can safely interrupt. amperes. . .well above the available short-circuit current of 50,000
amperes. The interrupting rating of Class G fuses is 100,000
Note: Several proposals were submitted to add a definition for amperes; K1 and K5 fuses can be 50,000, 100,000, or 200,000
interrupting capacity to the 1993 Code. These proposals were amperes.)
rejected. However, the industry is beginning to understand when
there is a difference between a circuit breaker's interrupting rating In this circuit, what interrupting rating must the circuit breaker have?
and it's interrupting capacity. This difference is due, in large part,
to the industry standards that allow added wire impedance during Available fault current–50,000 amperes
the interrupting rating tests.
An AdHoc Committee will be appointed to investigate this
issue.
5
110-9 Covers the Requirements for Proper Interrupting Rating of Overcurrent Protective Devices
Some value greater than or equal to 50,000 amperes. See Given the full-load transformer secondary amperage and percent
discussion on circuit breaker interrupting rating in Section 110-10 impedance of a transformer, how can you compute the level of short-
for a further evaluation. (Faults within four feet of the breaker could circuit amperes that can be delivered at the secondary terminals
cause complete destruction of the breaker if it is applied where the (Assuming an infinite, unlimited, short-circuit current at the primary)?
available fault current approaches the tested interrupting capacity
of the breaker.) ISCA = (F.L.A.) x 100
There is an addition to 110-9 that requires the overcurrent %Z x .9††
device to have a sufficient interrupting rating for phase voltage and
phase-to-ground voltage. Given: 1.3% impedance from nameplate of 500 KVA transformer
with a 480V secondary
What is the significance of this addition? 601 Full-Load Amperes (from Table below)
Certain molded case circuit breakers have lower single-pole 601 x 100 =
interrupting ratings than their multi-pole A.I.R. For example, a ISCA = 51,368 Amperes
1.3 x .9
circuit breaker marked 65,000 A.I.R. may have a single-pole
interrupting rating of 8,600 amperes. Engineers must be aware of COOPER
the lower line-ground (L-G) ratings and the available L-G fault
Power Systems Division
THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER
current at the point of application. 65°C
60 HERTZ
KVA 500 RISE SER.
Does an overcurrent protective device with a high interrupting rating VOLTAGE12470GRD. Y/7200
of a motor, a switch and motor starter must also be capable of and Load Impedance †† Circuit
handling its locked rotor current. If the switch or motor starter has a Phase Amperes (Name plate) Amperes
horsepower rating at least as great as that of the motor, they will 25 104 1.58 11,574
adequately disconnect even the locked rotor current of the motor. 371/2 156 1.56 17,351
120/240 50 209 1.54 23,122
It is necessary to calculate available short-circuit currents at various 1 ph.* 75 313 1.6 32,637
points in a system to determine whether the equipment meets the 100 417 1.6 42,478
requirements of Sections 110-9 and 110-10. How does one calculate the 167 695 1.8 60,255
values of short-circuit currents at various points throughout a distribution 150 416 1.07 43,198
system? 225 625 1.12 62,004
There are any number of methods. Some give approximate values; 300 833 1.11 83,383
some require extensive computations and are quite exacting. A 500 1388 1.24 124,373
simple, usually adequate method is the Buss Point-To-Point 120/208 750 2082 3.5 66,095
procedure presented in Buss Bulletin SPD, Selecting Protective 3 ph. 1000 2776 3.5 88,127
Devices. The point-to-point method is based on computation of the 1500 4164 3.5 132,190
two main circuit impedance parameters: those of transformers and 2000 5552 5.0 123,377
cables. Of these two components, the transformer is generally the 2500 6950 5.0 154,444
major short-circuit current factor for faults near the service 1121/2 135 1.0 15,000
entrance. The percent impedance of the transformer can vary 150 181 1.2 16,759
considerably. Thus, the transformer specification should always be 225 271 1.2 25,082
checked. As shown in the illustration of a typical transformer 300 361 1.2 33,426
nameplate, “%” impedance is specifically designated. Bussmann's 277/480 500 601 1.3 51,368
TRON® Software includes BUSSPOWER™, which calculates three- 3 ph. 750 902 3.5 28,410
phase short-circuit currents. 1000 1203 3.5 38,180
1500 1804 3.5 57,261
2000 2406 5.0 53,461
2500 3007 5.0 66,822
† Three-phase short-circuit currents based on "infinite" primary.
* Single-phase values are L-N values at transformer terminals. These figures are based
on change in turns ratio between primary and secondary, 100,000 KVA primary, zero
feet from terminals of transformer, 1.2 (%X) and 1.5 (%R) multipliers for L-N vs. L-L
reactance and resistance values, and transformer X/R ratio = 3.
†† U.L. listed transformers 25KVA or greater have a ±10% impedance tolerance. “Short-
Circuit Amperes” reflect a worst case scenario.
+ Fluctuations in system voltage will affect the available short-circuit current. For
example, a 10% increase in system voltage will result in a 10% increase in the
available short-circuit currents shown in the table.
6
110-10 Covers the Proper Protection of System Components from Short-Circuits
What is the importance of Section 110-10? In this circuit, what type of protective device must be used?
The design of a system must be such that short-circuit currents
cannot exceed the withstand ratings of the components selected 12,000A #12 Cu
as part of the system. Given specific system components and level available
fault current
of “available” short-circuit currents which could occur, overcurrent PROTECTIVE Short-Circuit
protective devices (mainly fuses and/or circuit breakers) must be DEVICE
used which will limit the energy let-thru of fault currents to levels
within the withstand ratings of the system components. (Current- It must be current-limiting. When the available short-circuit current
limitation is treated under 240-11 of this Bulletin). exceeds the withstand rating of the wire, a protective device such
as a current-limiting fuse, properly selected, will limit fault current to
What is component short-circuit withstand rating? a level lower than the wire withstand rating (3,800 amperes for 1/ 2
It is a current rating given to conductors, switches, circuit breakers cycle). (See Section 240-1.) For instance, a LOW-PEAK YELLOW™
and other electrical components, which, if exceeded by fault LPN-RK20SP fuse will limit the 12,000 amperes available short-
currents, will result in “extensive” damage to the component. The circuit to less than 1000 amperes and clear in less than 1/ 2 cycle.
rating is expressed in terms of time intervals and/or current values.
Short-circuit damage can be heat generated or the the result of Protection of Motor Controllers, Contacts and Relays
electro-mechanical force of high-intensity, magnetic fields. (For
further details, see Buss Bulletin EDP-3, Engineering Dependable In this circuit, what kind of fuse must be used to provide adequate
Protection). protection of the starter?
7
110-10 Covers the Proper Protection of System Components from Short-Circuits
Protection of Transfer Switches† Standard interrupting rating tests will allow for a maximum 4 ft.
rated wire on the line side, and 10 in. rated wire on the load side of
In this circuit, what protection must the fuse give the 100 ampere transfer the circuit breaker. Performing a short-circuit analysis of this test
switch and what kind of fuse must be used? (Test standards require 100 circuit results in the following short-circuit parameters, as seen by
ampere transfer switches to be tested at a minimum of 5000 amperes). the circuit breaker.
• Actual short-circuit RMS current = 9900 amperes
10,000A LPS-RK100SP RMS symmetrical
available
fault current • Actual short-circuit power factor = 88%
at 480V • Actual short-circuit peak current = 14,001 amperes
100A TRANSFER SW.
Following is an example of a partial table showing the actual IP and
The fuse must limit fault currents to less than 5000 amperes. It IRMS values to which the circuit breaker is tested.
must be a current-limiting fuse such as Buss LIMITRON KTS-R100
or LOW-PEAK YELLOW LPS-RK100SP or LPJ100SP. 240V–2-Pole MCCB INTERRUPTING CAPACITIES (KA)
† Transfer switch withstand is also addressed in NFPA Publication 110 "Emergency and CB 10KA 14KA 18KA 22KA
Standby Power Systems". Section 4-2.2 requires that the transfer switch be capable of RATING Ip Irms Ip Irms Ip Irms Ip Irms
withstanding the effects of available fault circuits.
15A 7.2 5.1 8.7 6.1 9.3 6.6 9.9 7.0
Protection of Circuit Breakers 20A 8.9 6.3 11.4 8.1 12.6 8.9 14.0 9.9
25A 10.7 7.5 14.2 10.1 16.5 11.7 19.9 13.5
There are several key concepts about the protection of circuit 30A 10.7 7.5 14.2 10.1 16.5 11.7 19.9 13.5
breakers that need to be understood. 40A 11.7 8.3 16.0 11.3 19.2 13.6 22.7 16.1
1. The user should be aware of the potential problems 50A 11.7 8.3 16.0 11.3 19.2 13.6 22.7 16.1
associated with series-rated circuit breakers. The engineer 60A 12.5 8.8 17.3 12.2 21.3 15.1 25.6 18.1
can not always "engineer" the installation as before 70A 13.0 9.2 18.1 12.8 22.6 16.0 27.4 19.4
because, 80A 13.0 9.2 18.1 12.8 22.6 16.0 27.4 19.4
2. A molded case circuit breaker's interrupting capacity may 90A 13.2 9.3 18.3 12.9 23.0 16.3 27.9 19.7
be substantially less than its interrupting rating, and 100A 13.2 9.3 18.3 12.9 23.0 16.3 27.9 19.7
3. Some molded case circuit breakers exhibit "dynamic"
operation that begins in less than 1/ 2 cycle. This makes These values are known as the circuit breaker’s interrupting
them more difficult to protect than other static electrical capacities.
circuit components.
The most practical and reliable solution is to specify a fully- Protection of Bus Structures
rated fusible system.
In the circuit below, what must be the busway short-circuit bracing?
Molded Case Circuit Breakers—U.L. 489 and CSA5 Test Procedures 100,000A 1600A BUSWAY
U.L. 489 requires a unique test set-up for testing circuit breaker available
interrupting ratings. Figure F illustrates a typical calibrated test fault current
circuit waveform for a 20 ampere, 240 volt, 2-pole molded case NON-CURRENT-
circuit breaker, with a marked interrupting rating of 22,000 LIMITING DEVICE
amperes, RMS symmetrical.
100,000 amperes, because the overcurrent device is not current-
Ip = 48,026A limiting.
In this circuit, what would the busway short-circuit bracing have to be?
P.F. = 20%
IRMS = 22,000 Amps 100,000A 1600A BUSWAY
IRMS = 22,000A available
fault current
KRP-C1600SP FUSE
Amps
(Current-limiting)
Figure F
XS
SOURCE: 4' Rated Wire (#12 Cu) 10" Rated Wire (#12 Cu)
Figure G
8
110-10 Covers the Proper Protection of 210-22(c) Covers Ratings of Overcurrent
System Components from Short-Circuits Devices on Branch Circuits Serving
Continuous and Non-Continuous Loads
Minimum Bracing Required for Bus Structures at 480V.
(Amperes RMS Symmetrical) What is the importance of this Section?
Rating* The overcurrent protective device provided for branch circuits,
Busway Fuse Available Short-Circuit Amperes RMS Sym. such as store lighting and restaurants, must not be less than the
25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 200,000 total non-continuous load, plus 125% of the continuous load
100 100 3,400 4,200 4,800 5,200 6,500 (defined as a load that continues for 3 hours or more).
225 225 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 12,000
400 400 9,200 11,00 13,000 14,000 17,000 Rating not less than = [(10A) x 1.0] + [(8A) x 1.25]
600 600 12,000 15,000 17,000 19,000 24,000 = 20A
601 601 11,000 14,500 17,000 18,000 24,000 EXAMPLE
800 800 14,200 17,500 20,000 23,000 29,000
1200 1200 16,000 22,500 26,000 28,000 39,000
20A Rating
1600 1600 22,500 28,500 33,000 36,000 46,000
2000 2000 25,000 32,000 37,000 40,000 52,000
3000 3000 25,000 43,000 50,000 58,000 73,000
4000 4000 25,000 48,000 58,000 68,000 94,000
*Fuses are: 100-600 Ampere—LOW-PEAK YELLOW Dual-Element Fuses—LPS-RK_SP Non-Continuous Continuous Load
(Class RK1) or LPJ_SP (Class J); 800-4000 Ampere—LOW-PEAK YELLOW 10A 8A
Time-Delay Fuses—KRP-C_SP (Class L). (LOW-PEAK YELLOW fuses are
current-limiting fuses.)
The branch circuit rating shall not be less than 20 amperes.
Feeder
Provided
High Voltage w/G.F.P.
Service 4160V
COMPLIANCE
1000A
480Y/277V or Greater
G.F.P.
9
230-65 Covers the Short-Circuit Rating of Service Entrance Equipment
What does the Section mean? Can cable limiters protect service entrance equipment from short-circuit
Service equipment must be able to withstand available short- currents?
circuit currents. More specifically, the service switchboard,
panelboard, etc., and the protective devices which they
incorporate must have a short-circuit rating equal to or greater
than the short-circuit current available at the line side of the
equipment.
100,000A METER
available
fault current
CABLE LIMITER
10,000A.I.C. METERS
breakers
METERS
200 ampere service entrance panel
must have a short circuit rating
equal to or greater than 100,000
amperes
10
230-82 Covers Equipment Allowed to be Connected on the Line Side of the
Service Disconnect
What are the advantages of using cable limiters on the supply side of the RESIDENTIAL SERVICE ENTRANCE
service disconnect. (Single cable per phase)
Typical cable installations are shown in the illustration below. The
benefits of cable limiters are several: #1
1. The isolation of a faulted cable permits the convenient
scheduling of repair service. #2
2. Continuity of service is sustained even though one of more RESIDENCES
#3
cables are faulted.
3. The possibility of severe equipment damage or burn down as a #4
result of a fault is greatly reduced. (Typically, without cable limiters
the circuit from the transformer to the service equipment is Open
Faulted cable isolated; the other
afforded little or no protection.). services continue in operation
4. Their current-limiting feature can be used to provide protection without being disturbed
against high short-circuit currents for utility meters and provide
compliance with Section 110-10. What do exceptions 7 and 8 mean?
The control circuit for power operable service disconnecting
COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL SERVICE ENTRANCE means and ground fault protection must have a means for
(Multiple cables per phase) disconnection and adequate overcurrent protection–interrupting
capacity and component protection.
Service
Disconnect
(Open) (Open)
Faulted cable isolated; only the cable
limiters in faulted cable open; others
remain in operation
What is the importance of this section? Current limitation under short-circuit conditions and high-level
This section means that 480Y/277 volt, solidly grounded “wye” only ground-faults.
connected service disconnects, 1000 amperes and larger, must
have ground fault protection in addition to conventional over- In this circuit, is protection provided against high magnitude ground-
current protection. Ground fault protection, however, is not faults as well as low level faults?
required on a fire pump or a service disconnect for a continuous
process where its opening will increase hazards. All delta Ground fault
protection
connected services are not required to have ground fault
required
protection. The maximum setting for the ground fault relay (or SWBD
sensor) must be set to pick up ground-faults which are 1200
amperes or more and actuate the main switch or circuit breaker to
disconnect all phase conductors. A ground fault relay with a 480Y/277
deliberate time delay characteristic of up to 3000 amperes for 1 3Ø, 4W 1000 ampere
second can be used. (The use of such a relay greatly enhances Service circuit breaker
system coordination and minimizes power outages). or larger
Under short-circuit conditions, unlike current-limiting fuses, No, it is not. There is no current-limitation.
ground fault protection in itself will not limit the line-to-ground or
phase-to-phase short-circuit current. When mechanical protective Is G.F.P. required on all services?
devices such as conventional circuit breakers are used with No. The following do not require G.F.P.:
G.F.P., all of the available short-circuit current will flow to the point 1. Continuous industrial process where non-orderly shutdown
of fault limited only by circuit impedance. Therefore, it is would increase hazard.
recommended that current-limiting overcurrent protective devices 2. All services where disconnect is less than 1000 amperes.
be used in conjunction with G.F.P. relays. 3. All 120/208 volts, 3Ø, 4W (wye) services.
4. All single-phase services including 120/240 volt, 1Ø, 3W.
In this circuit, what protection does the fuse provide in addition to that 5. High or medium voltage services. (See N.E.C. Sections 240-13
provided by the ground fault equipment? and 215-10 for equipment and feeder requirements.)
Ground fault 6. All services on delta systems (grounded or ungrounded) such
protection as: 240 volt, 3Ø, 3W Delta, 480 volt, 3Ø, 3W Delta, or 240 volt, 3Ø,
required 4W Delta with midpoint tap.
SWBD 7. Service with 6 disconnects or less (Section 230-71) where each
disconnect is less than 1000 amperes. A 4000 ampere service
could be split into five 800 ampere switches.
480Y/277 8. Resistance or impedance grounded systems.
3Ø, 4W 1000 ampere
Service switch & fuse
or larger
11
230-95 Covers Ground Fault Protection for Services
What are some of the problems associated with G.F.P.? fuses in order to avoid outages. (Section 230-95 permits an inverse
Incorrect settings, false tripping and, eventually, disconnection. time-delay relay with a delay of up to 1 second at 3000 amperes.)
(The knocking-out of the total building service or large feeders as a Conventional mechanical tripping overcurrent protective
result of minor faults or nuisance tripping cannot be tolerated in devices often do not permit a selectively coordinated system* and
many facilities). Unnecessary plant down time is often more BLACKOUTS can occur. For ground faults (and short-circuit
critical, or even more dangerous, than a minor ground fault. current as well) of current magnitude above the instantaneous trip
setting on the main circuit breaker’s overcurrent element, the main
Note: G.F.P. without current limitation may not protect system will nuisance trip (open) causing a blackout even though the fault
components. See Section 110-10 and 250-1 FPN. is on a feeder or branch circuit. Appropriate selection of current-
limiting fuses with proper G.F.P. settings can provide the highest
How can ground faults be minimized? degree of coordination and prevent blackouts.
1. To prevent blackouts, make sure that all overcurrent protective * A system wherein only the protective device nearest the fault operates and
devices throughout the overall system are selectively coordinated. none of the other protective devices in the system are disturbed.
When maximum continuity of electrical service is necessary,
ground fault protective equipment should be incorporated in 300
feeders and branch circuits. [Per Section 230-95 (FPN No. 2).] 200
2. Insulating bus structures can greatly minimize the possibility of
faults. The hazard of personnel exposure to energized electrical 100
80
equipment is also reduced with insulated bus structures. 60
3. Specify switchboards and other equipment with adequate 50 KRP-C1600SP
40
clearance between phase conductors and ground. Ground faults 30
are rare on 120/208 volt systems because equipment manufactur- GFP
20
ers provide ample spacing for this voltage. Insist on greater KTS-R set KRP-C
125 at 1600SP
spacing for 277/480 volt equipment and the likelihood of ground 10 1200 AMPS
faults will be greatly reduced. 8
TIME IN SECONDS
6
PICK UP &
4. Avoid unusually large services; split the service whenever 5 0.5 SEC.
possible. 4
3
5. Adequately bond all metallic parts of the system to enhance
ground fault current flow. Then, if a ground fault does occur, it is 2
more likely to be sensed by fuses or circuit breakers. KTS-R250
1
.8
To respond properly to a line-to-ground type fault, what should be the .6
.5
setting of a ground fault relay located on the main disconnect? .4
The setting should allow the feeder circuit (or preferably the .3
branch) overcurrent protective devices to function without .2
disturbing the G.F.P. relay. KTS-R
250
.1
How is a G.F.P. setting determined? .08
.06 KTS-R125
By making a coordination study. Such a study requires the plotting .05
of the time-current curves of the protective devices. .04
.03
A simple solution to the problem of coordinating ground fault
.02
relays with overcurrent protective devices is shown in the system
represented in the graph at right. The G.F.P. relay coordinates with
.01
the feeder fuses KTS-R 250. The G.F.P. relay with a degree of
6,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
8,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
600
100
200
300
400
500
800
What is the importance of this Section? Why, in the circuit below, is the #10 wire protected even though the
The basic purpose of overcurrent protection is to open a circuit available short-circuit current exceeds the wire withstand? The #10
before conductors or conductor insulation are damaged when an conductor can withstand 4300 amperes for one cycle and 6020 amperes
overcurrent condition exists. An overcurrent condition can be the for one-half cycle.**
result of an overload or a short-circuit. It must be removed before
the damage point of conductor insulation is reached. Conductor **Footnote—From ICEA tables and formula.
insulation damage points can be established from available
engineering information, i.e., Publication P-32-382, “Short-Circuit #10 THW COPPER WIRE
40,000A
Characteristics of Cable”, ICEA, (Insulated Cable Engineers available
Association, Inc.) 30A Short-Circuit
Low-Peak Yellow
When selecting an overcurrent protective device to protect a conductor, Class RK1 Dual-Element
is it adequate to simply match the ampere rating of the device to the Fuse
ampacity of the conductor? Under short-circuits, the LOW-PEAK YELLOW Dual-Element fuse
No. Although conductors do have maximum allowable ampacity (30 ampere) is fast acting. It will clear and limit (cut off) short-circuit
ratings, they also have maximum allowable short-circuit current current before it can build up to a level higher than the wire
withstand rating. Damage ranging from slight degradation of withstand. The opening time of the fuse is less than one-half cycle
insulation to violent vaporization of the conductor metal can result (less than 0.008 seconds). In this particular example, the
if the short-circuit withstand is exceeded. (See Section 110-10.) prospective current let-thru by the fuse is less than 1850 amperes.
Thus, opening time and current let-thru of the fuse is far lower than
12
240-1 Covers the Scope of Article 240 on Overcurrent Protection
the wire withstand. (Conductor protection is not a problem when Copper—Thermoplastic Aluminum—Thermoplastic
the conductor is protected by current-limiting fuses which have an Conductor Insulation Conductor Insulation
ampere rating that is the same as the conductor. In the case of
short-circuit protection only, fuses can often be sized many times I 2 T2 + 234 I 2 T2 + 228
higher than the wire current rating, depending upon the current- A t = 0.0297 log T1 + 234 A t = 0.0125 log T1 + 228
limiting characteristics of the fuse.)
Does the circuit below represent a misapplication? (#10 THW insulated Where:
copper wire can withstand 4300 amperes for one cycle and 6020 I = Short-Circuit Current—Amperes
amperes for one-half cycle). A = Conductor Area—Circular Mils
t = Time of Short-Circuit—Seconds
30A MECHANICAL OVERCURRENT T1 = Maximum Operating Temperature—75°C
PROTECTIVE DEVICE T2 = Maximum Short-Circuit Temperature—150°C
(Clearing time 1 cycle; #10 COPPER WIRE
not current-limiting) (THW insulated) Note: ICEA (Insulated Cable Engineers Association) is the most widely accepted authority
40,000A on conductor short-circuit withstand ratings. Their publication, P-32-382, is referenced in
available IEEE Buff, Red, Gray, and White Books and also by the Canadian Electrical Code.
Conductor must Short-Circuit
be protected for 100
its entire length 80
D
30
N
O
There are two possible solutions:
D
C
N
SE
O
1. Use a larger size conductor (i.e., 1/0), one with a withstand
D
20
N
7
SE
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT – THOUSANDS OF AMPERES
O
16
SE CO ND
greater than the short-circuit for one cycle (see chart below). 4,300
C
.0
SE
3
O
33
-0
N D
2. Use an overcurrent protective device which is current-limiting Amps - 1
N
7
.0
SE
LE
C ON D
66
such as that shown in the previous question. Cycle
-0
.0
YC
0 SE
N D
33
LE
-0
C
10
.1
7
YC
D
LE
1
66
-0
SE EC
The following table is based on Insulated Cable Engineers 8
O
YC
.2
00
LE
S
2
-0
Association, Inc. (ICEA) insulated cable damage charts in
.5
66 00
YC
LE
-0
4
0
Publication 32-382. This table assumes that the conductor is 6
7
C
.0
YC
LE
-1
8
5
.6
preloaded to its ampacity before a short-circuit is incurred. The
C
YC
LE
-1
16
C
formulas that are used to develop the ICEA Damage Charts are
YC
4
LE
30
C
YC
given following the table. These formulas can be used to
60
3
C
extrapolate withstand data for wire sizes or time durations not
0
furnished in the ICEA Publication 32-382 charts. A sample chart is 10
2
shown at right.
The mechanical overcurrent protective device opening time Conductor-Copper
Insulation-Thermoplastic
and any impedance (choking) effect should be known along with Curves Based on Formula
the available short-circuit current and cable withstand data to 1
determine the proper conductor that must be used. I 2 T2 + 234
.8 t = .0297 log
A T1 + 234
Insulated Cable Damage Table (60Hz)† .6 Where
Wire Size Maximum Short-Circuit Withstand Current Amperes) .5 I = Short-Circuit Current - Amperes
(THW Cu) at Various Withstand Times .4 A = Conductor Area - Circular Mils
1 Cycle 1/2 Cycle 1/4 Cycle 1/8 Cycle t = Time of Short-Circuit - Seconds
#14 1,700* 2,400* 3,400* 4,800* .3 T1 = Maximum Operating Temperature -
#12 2,700* 3,800* 5,400* 7,600* 75°C
#10 4,300 6,020* 8,500* 12,000* .2 T2 = Maximum Short-Circuit Temperature -
#8 6,800 9,600* 13,500* 19,200* 150°C
#6 10,800 15,200* 21,500* 30,400*
#4 17,100 24,200* 34,200* 48,400*
† See Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc., “Short-Circuit Characteristics of .1
10
2
1
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
AWG
250MCM
500
1000
Cable”, Pub. P-32-382, and circuit breaker manufactures’ published opening times for
various types of circuit breakers.
CONDUCTOR SIZE
240-3 Covers the Protection of Conductors Other Than Flexible Cords and
Fixture Wires
What is the meaning of 240-3(b) and 240-3(c)? and three phase, delta-delta connected transformers with three-
Where the ampacity of a conductor does not correspond with a wire (single-voltage) secondaries can be considered protected by
standard rating (240-6) of a fuse, the next standard rating may be the primary side fuses if the transformer is properly protected in
used as long as the fuse is not above 800 amps and the accordance with Section 450-3. The primary fuse must be less
conductors are not part of a multi-outlet branch circuit supplying than or equal to the secondary conductor ampacity times the
receptacles for cord and plug-connected portable loads. secondary-to-primary transformer voltage ratio.
Also, Section 240-3 was completely rewritten in positive
What does 240-3(i) mean? language to improve comprehension and readability.
Conductors fed from single-phase, 2-wire secondary transformers 13
240-4 Covers Proper Protection of 240-6 Covers Standard Ampere Rating
Fixture Wires and Flexible Cords
adjustable trip from 225 through 400 amperes, the rating of the
breaker would be 400 amperes, and 500 kcmil cable would
What is the importance of this Section? therefore be required, increasing costs significantly. However, if
Flexible cords and extension cords shall have overcurrent protec- this adjusting means is not readily accessible, such as behind a
tion rated at their ampacities. Supplementary fuse protection is an bolted door and reached only by a qualified person, then the rating
acceptable method of protection. For #18 fixture wire 50 feet or can be considered to be equal to the adjusted setting.
over, a 6 ampere fuse would provide necessary protection, and for
#16 100 feet or over, an 8 ampere fuse would provide the Note: Standard ampere ratings for fuses and inverse time circuit
necessary protection. #18 extension cords must be protected by a breakers are 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110,
7 ampere fuse. 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700,
Also, Section 760-12, covering special non-power-limited fire 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000
protective signaling circuits, requires 7 ampere protection for #18 amperes. In addition, standard fuse ratings are 1, 3, 6, 10 and 601.
conductors and 10 ampere protection for #16 conductors.
Violation
(EXTENSION CORD)
240-8 & 380-7 Covers Protective
Devices Used in Parallel
Receptacle
240-9 Covers Thermal Devices
20A 7 Amp #18 Extension Cord What does this Section mean?
Fuse Thermal overload devices generally can neither withstand opening
Branch Circuits
a circuit under short-circuit conditions nor even carry short-circuit
currents of higher magnitudes. When using thermal overload
Violation Compliance protective devices, the use of a complementary current-limiting
(FIXTURE WIRE) (FIXTURE WIRE) fuse will not only protect the circuit against short-circuit current, but
also the thermal overload device.
14
240-11 Covers the Definition of Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Devices
What is the importance of this Section? To further appreciate current-limitation, assume for example,
that the available prospective short-circuit current in a circuit is
Areas within waveform 50,000 amperes. If a 200 ampere LOW-PEAK YELLOW fuse is
loops represent destructive
energy impressed upon
used to protect the circuit, the current let-thru by the fuse will be
circuit components only 6500 amperes instead of 50,000 amperes. Peak current will be
only 15,000 amperes instead of a possible 115,000 amperes. Thus,
in this particular example, currents are limited to only 13% of the
available short-circuit values.
As is true of fuse application in general, the application of
current-limiting fuses in respect to current-limitation and
Normal component protection (110-10) is quite simple. Graphs or tables
load current such as the one shown below permit easy determination of the “let-
thru” currents that a fuse will pass for various levels of prospective
Circuit breaker trips short-circuit currents. For example, the table below shows that the
and opens short-circuit 200 ampere LOW-PEAK YELLOW fuse will let-thru 6500 amperes
Initiation of in about 11/2 cycles when prospective short-circuit current is 50,000 amperes.
short-circuit current
ACTION OF NON-CURRENT-LIMITING CIRCUIT BREAKER 25,000A
available
fault current
Short-Circuit
Size 1 Starter
(Tested with 5000A available)
15
240-12 Covers System Coordination or Selectivity
What is the importance of this Section? 1. The 90 ampere breaker will unlatch (Point A) and free the
Whenever a partial or total building blackout could cause breaker mechanism to start the actual opening process.
hazard(s) to personnel or equipment, the fuses and/or circuit 2. The 400 ampere breaker will unlatch (Point B) and it, too, would
breakers must be coordinated in the short-circuit range. It is begin the opening process. Once a breaker unlatches, it will open.
acceptable for a monitoring system to be used to indicate an The process at the unlatching point is irreversible.
overload condition, if the overcurrent protective devices cannot be 3. At Point C, the contacts of the 90 ampere breaker finally open
coordinated in the overload region. However, in the vast majority of and interrupt the fault current.
cases, both circuit breakers and fuses will be able to be 4. At Point D, the contacts of the 400 ampere breaker open. . .the
coordinated in the overload range, so the monitoring systems will entire feeder is “blacked out”!
seldom be required. Typical installations where selective
coordination would be required include hospitals, industrial plants, Example of Non-Selective System.
office buildings, schools, government buildings, military 1,000
installations, high-rise buildings, or any installation where continuity 800
600
of service is essential.
400
300
VIOLATION
200
1000A 100
Opens
I.T.=10x 80
60
40
30
225A Opens 20 400A
90 AMP 400 AMP
I.T.=8x Circuit Breaker
Circuit
10 Breaker I.T. = 5X
8
6
20A
TIME IN SECONDS
Opens 4
I.T.=8x 3 90A
22,000 Amp
2
Short-Circuit
1
Fault exceeding the instantaneous trip setting of all 3 circuit breakers in series will
open all 3. This will blackout the entire system. .8
.6
COMPLIANCE .4 Short-
.3 Circuit
.2
.1
.08
Not .06
1000A Open .04
POINT D
.03
.02
POINT C
.01
.008
.006 POINT B
Not .004
225A
Open .003 POINT A
.002
.001
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
30,000
100
200
300
400
600
800
CURRENT IN AMPERES
20A Opens
Now, let’s take the case of fuse coordination. When selective
22,000 Amp coordination of current-limiting fuses is desired, the Selectivity
Short-Circuit Ratio Guide (next page) provides the sizing information necessary.
19-B In other words, it is not necessary to draw and compare curves.
Fault opens the nearest upstream fuse, localizing the fault to the equipment
affected. Service to the rest of the system remains energized. Current-limiting fuses can be selectively coordinated by
maintaining at least a minimum ampere rating ratio between the
If the ampere rating of a feeder overcurrent device is larger than the main fuse and feeder fuses and between the feeder fuse and
rating of the branch circuit device, are the two selectively coordinated? branch circuit fuses.
No. A difference in rating does not in itself assure coordination. For These ratios are based on the fact that the smaller downstream
example, a feeder circuit breaker may have a rating of 400 fuses will clear the overcurrent before the larger upstream fuses
amperes and the branch breaker 90 amperes. Under overload melt. An example of ratios of fuse ampere ratings which provide
conditions in the branch circuit, the 90 ampere breaker will open selective coordination is shown in the one-line circuit diagram.
before, and without, the 400 ampere breaker opening. However,
under short-circuit conditions, not only will the 90 ampere device 2:1 (or more)
open, the 400 ampere may also open. In order to determine
whether the two devices will coordinate, it is necessary to plot their LPS-RK90SP
time-current curves as shown at right. For a short-circuit of 4000 LPS-RK400SP
amperes:
Short-Circuit
16
240-12 Covers System Coordination or Selectivity
to Ele- (J) LPJ–SP** – – 2:1 2:1 8:1 – 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
600A ment FUSETRON FRN-R – – 1.5:1 1.5:1 2:1 – 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1
(RK5) FRS-R
601 to LIMITRON KTU 2:1 2.5:1 2:1 2:1 6:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 N/A
6000A (L)
0 to Fast- LIMITRON KTN-R – – 3:1 3:1 8:1 – 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
600A Acting (RK1) KTS-R
0 to T-TRON JJN – – 3:1 3:1 8:1 – 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
1200A (T) JJS
0 to LIMITRON JKS – – 2:1 2:1 8:1 – 3:1 3:1 3:1 4:1
600A (J)
0 to Time- SC SC – – 3:1 3:1 4:1 – 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1
60A Delay (G)
* Note: At some values of fault current, specified ratios may be lowered to permit closer fuse sizing. Plot fuse curves or consult with Bussmann.
General Notes: Ratios given in this Table apply only to Buss fuses. When fuses are within the same case size, consult Bussmann.
** Consult Bussmann for latest LPJ—SP ratios.
.
Building A Service
What does this Section require? High Voltage
Service
G.F.P. Not
Equipment ground fault protection of the type required in Section Required
230-95 is now required for each disconnect rated 1000 amperes or G.F.P. Not 800A
Required 480Y/277V
more in 480Y/277V systems that will serve as a main disconnect
Building B Service
for a separate building or structure. Refer to Sections 215-10 and
230-95. G.F.P.
Required
1000A or Greater
Note: G.F.P. that is not current-limiting may not protect system 480Y/277V
components. See Section 110-10 and 250-1 (FPN).
240-21 Covers Location Requirements for Overcurrent Devices and Tap Conductors
In the previous diagram, the feeder overcurrent devices are length; the secondary conductors terminate in a set of fuses rated
sized per the N.E.C for the load served. at the ampacity of the tap conductors; and it the primary and
All taps to the motors are 10 foot taps. secondary conductors are suitably protected from physical
Three of the motors are smaller motors: damage.
one motor is a 1 HP motor,
one motor is a 5 HP motor, What are the requirements of 240-21(e)?
and one motor is a 71/ 2 HP motor. Fuses are not required at the conductor supply if a feeder tap is
The 1, 5 and 71/ 2 HP motors will require a minimum of #14, #12 not over 25 feet long horizontally and not over 100 feet long, total
and #10 75°C conductors, respectively. For field wiring, these 10 length, in high bay manufacturing buildings where only qualified
foot taps are not permitted since the line side overcurrent device is persons will service such a system. Also, the ampacity of the tap
600 amperes. Section 240-21(b)(5) requires that the maximum conductors is not less than 1/ 3 of the fuse rating from which they
overcurrent protection for field installations shall not exceed are supplied, the size of the tap conductors must be at least No. 6
1000%, or 10 times the ampacity of the tap conductor, for AWG copper or No. 4 AWG aluminum. They may not penetrate
example: walls, floors, or ceilings, and the taps are made no less than 30
#14 conductor, 20 amperes ampacity, maximum line side feet from the floor.
overcurrent protection is 200 amperes.
#12 conductor, 25 amperes ampacity, maximum line side
overcurrent protection is 250 amperes.
150 Amp TRANSFORMER
#10 conductor, 35 amperes ampacity, maximum line side Feeder 2:1 RATIO 100 Amp
overcurrent protection is 350 amperes. Fuse Fuse
To tap the above conductors to a 600 amperes feeder
overcurrent device would be a violation of Section 240-21(b)(5) of 480V
the Code. 150 Amp 100 Amp
50 Amp
The solution is to feed the smaller motors from a branch circuit Rated Rated
Rated
panel or from a smaller feeder where the feeder overcurrent Conductor Conductor 240V
Conductor
protection does not exceed the 10 times rating of the tap
conductor’s ampacity.
The smallest of the three larger motors is a 15 HP motor which 25 Feet or Less
requires a branch circuit conductor with a minimum ampacity of
52.5 amperes and which could be tapped to the 600 ampere
feeder since a No. 6 75° conductor has an ampacity of 65 300 Amp TRANSFORMER
Feeder 1:1 RATIO 100 Amp
amperes and 10 x 65 = 650. In other words the No. 6 75°
Fuse Fuse
conductors could be tapped to an overcurrent device as high as
650 amperes. 480V
Motor tap conductors that have a 60 ampere ampacity or 300 Amp 100 Amp
greater could be tapped to a 600 ampere feeder overcurrent Rated 100 Amp
Rated Rated
protective device. Conductor
Conductor Conductor 480V
What does the Section require? The second exception allows one disconnect for multiple sets of
A line side disconnecting means must be provided for all cartridge fuses as provided in 430-112 for group motor applications and
fuses where accessible to other than qualified persons and for any 424-22 for fixed electric space-heating equipment.
fuse in circuits over 150 volts to ground. This section does not
require a disconnecting means for the typical 120/240V single
phase residential plug fuse application.
The first exception removes the requirement for a
disconnecting means ahead of a current-limiting cable limiter or
other current-limiting fuse ahead of the service disconnecting
means.
OR
Plug Fuses
120V 208V
M
What are these fuse types? Edison-base fuses can be used for supplementary overcurrent
These are generally referred to as branch circuit listed fuses which protection in new installations.
are NOT size rejecting. They can provide protection for appliances
and small motors in residential, commercial, and industrial
applications.
What are these fuse types? Type S fuses are required for new installation where plug fuses
These are branch circuit listed fuses that are size (ampere) are to be used as the branch circuit protection.
rejecting. They become size rejecting when a special Type S
holder or Type S adapter is used. For example, when a 20 ampere
adaptor is installed, it is very difficult to insert a 25 or 30 ampere
fuses.
19
240-54 Covers Type S Fuses, Adapters, and Fuseholders
What does this Section mean? Also, branch circuit listed fuses are designed so that it is very
300 volt rated fuses can be used to protect single-phase line- difficult to replace an installed fuse with one of lesser capability.
neutral loads when supplied from three-phase solidly grounded This can be based on a voltage or current rating or a current-
480/277 volt circuits, where the single-phase line-to-neutral voltage limiting vs. non-current-limiting device.
is 277 volts.
480/277V
600 Volt
Fuses 300V Fuses
277V 1Ø Loads
Note: Refer to Section 110-22 For marking requirements for the main or
upstream protective device.
What does the Fine Print Note to this Section mean? (The reader should refer to N.E.C. Section 110-10 for a further
The overcurrent device specified for the application must be understanding of this fine print note. Feeders must be protected
capable of protecting the feeder conductors from short-circuit from short-circuit damage.)
damage.
20
250-1 Covers the Requirements for 250-95 Covers Sizing of Equipment
Proper Grounding and Bonding of Grounding Conductors
Electrical Installations
increased, or a different overcurrent device could be chosen
which could provided adequate protection for the conductor. This
What does the Fine Print Note #2 refer to in Section 110-10? Section of the N.E.C. now requires this analysis.
This FPN stresses the importance of protecting the equipment and Since instantaneous only circuit breakers (MCP’s) can be set
materials that make up the ground path in order to facilitate the as high as 1700% of motor full-load current, the equipment
safe opening of the overcurrent device. grounding conductor shall be sized based on the motor overload
relay.
Note: Table 250-94 in the N.E.C. gives the sizes of the grounding
250-51 Covers the Requirements for electrode conductors versus the sizes of the service entrance
an Effective Grounding Path conductors. Caution, Table 250-95 in the N.E.C. gives the
“Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding
Raceway and Equipment.”
What is the purpose of the Fine Print Note in this Section? 9 #12 75°C Copper in a Raceway
The fine print note is intended to point out the need for conductor
derating at high ambient temperatures. It also directs the user to 35°C
be aware of other information, such as conductor size and Environment
number, to assure proper application.
3 #12 75°C Copper Conductors This fuse is sized at 25 (amperes) x .94 (temperature derating
in a Raceway factor) x .70 (9 conductors in a raceway derating factor from
Note #8 to ampacity tables) = 16.45 amperes. The next
standard size is a 20 ampere Fuse.
35°C
Environment
What does this Section mean? General Comment—The service entrance split bus load center or
Lighting and appliance branch circuit panelboards must be panelboard having up to 6 main disconnects is no longer permitted
protected by a main overcurrent device (up to two sets of fuses, as on new installations.
long as their combined ratings do not exceed that of the The tap rules found in Section 240-21 do not remove these
panelboard), unless the feeder has overcurrent protection not requirements for lighting and appliance branch circuit panelboard
greater than the rating of the panelboard. protection, nor do they remove the requirements for transformer
protection found in Section 450-3.
430-6 Covers Ampacity of Conductors for Motor Branch Circuits and Feeders
What is the importance of this Section? The separate overload device should be based on the
It states that conductors supplying motors shall be selected from nameplate current rating.
applicable Tables in Article 310. The determination of conductor
ampacity, or ampere rating of switches, branch circuit protection,
etc., should be taken from the motor F.L.A. tables in Article 430,
Tables 430-147 through 430-150.
22
430-32 Covers Motor Overload Protection
What are the typical ways of providing motor overload protection external Do fuses sized as above also provide branch circuit protection
to the motor? requirements?
Generally, motor starters with overload relays and/or dual-element Yes. Sizing FUSETRON® and LOW-PEAK YELLOW™ Dual-Element
fuses are used to provide motor running protection. fuses for motor running overload protection also provides the
necessary short-circuit protection per 430-52. The use of these
dual-element fuses permits close sizing. Thus, fuse case sizes
M often can be smaller, thereby permitting the use of smaller
switches.
LOW-PEAK YELLOW
Dual-Element Can circuit breakers and fuses other than dual-element fuses be used to
Fuse
give motor overload protection?
Not generally. The conventional circuit breakers usually must be
M sized at 250% of the motor full-load amperes to avoid tripping on
motor starting current, and thus cannot provide overload
protection. Instantaneous only circuit breakers or motor short-
Typically, how are the devices selected for protection of motors? circuit protectors are only equipped with a short-circuit tripping
With starters and overload relays, the proper heater element is element and, therefore, are incapable of providing overload
selected from manufacturers’ tables based on the motor full-load protection. For motor applications, the non-time-delay fuses such
current rating. The level of protection reached in this selection as the LIMITRON® KTS-R fuses normally have to be sized at 300%
process complies with Article 430. of a motor full-load current rating to avoid opening on motor start-
up and, therefore, do not provide overload protection.
When employing dual-element fuses for motor running overload When single-phasing occurs on a 3-phase motor circuit,
protection, the rating of the fuse should be as follows: unbalanced currents flow through the motor, which can damage
the motor if not taken off-line. Dual-element, time-delay fuses, sized
LOW-PEAK LOW-PEAK for motor overload protection, can provide single-phase damage
YELLOW or YELLOW or
FUSETRON FUSETRON protection . See Section 430-36.
Dual-Element Dual-element
Fuse Fuse Footnote–Abnormal Motor Operation: The application of motors under certain abnormal
operating conditions often requires the use of larger size fuses than would normally be
required. The use of oversize fuses limits protection to short-circuit or branch circuit
Size at 125% Size at 115% protection only. The types of abnormal motor installations that may be encountered include
or less of motor or less of motor the following: (a) Fuses in high ambient temperature locations. (b) Motors having a high
full-load amps full-load amps Code Letter (or possibly no Code Letter) with full-voltage start. (c) Motors driving high
inertial loads or motors which must be frequently cycled off-and-on. Typical high inertial
M M loads are machines such as punch presses having large mass flywheels, or machines
such as centrifugal extractors and pulverizes, or large fans which cannot be brought up to
S.F. 1.15 or higher S.F. less than 1.15 speed quickly. (d) High efficiency motors with high inrush currents.
or or
temp. rise 40°C. temp. rise over 40°C.
or less
C
LPS-RK171/2SP
23
430-52 Covers the Sizing of Various Overcurrent Devices for Motor Branch
Circuit Protection
What is the basic content of this Section? Yes. Because the LOW-PEAK YELLOW fuse is “current-limiting,”
This Section deals with the protection of motor branch circuits good short-circuit protection is provided, even though available
against short-circuit damage. It establishes the maximum short-circuit current greatly exceeds 5000 amperes. (Specifically,
permissible settings for overcurrent protective devices. (Branch the LOW-PEAK YELLOW fuse would give protection against fault
circuits include all the circuit components–wire, switches, motor currents through 200,000 amperes.) It is also significant to note
starters, etc.) As is apparent in Code Table 430-152, maximum that because the LOW-PEAK YELLOW fuse is a time-delay fuse, it
settings vary with different types of motors, each type having actually could be sized at 125% of full-load current or the next
unique starting characteristics. Motors to which the maximum larger size (30 amperes) with the advantage of permitting the use
permissible settings or ratings apply (shown in the condensed of a smaller disconnect switch, and providing backup overload
Table following) include all types of single-phase, three-phase protection and even better short-circuit protection.
squirrel cage (other than Design E) and three-phase synchronous These maximum sizing allowances are all overridden if a
motors. manufacturer's label shows overcurrent protection values lower
These maximum values do not preclude the application of than what 430-52 allows.
lower sizes. Also, compliance with Sections 110-10 must be The overload relay heater elements of a motor controller often
analyzed. Motor starters have relatively low short-circuit current have relatively low short-circuit current withstand ratings. The
withstands. Refer to Buss Bulletin SPD for specific fuse maximum ratings of protective devices given in Table 430-152,
recommendations. thus, do not necessarily apply since they are too large to provide
adequate protection. Consequently, the starter manufacturer
Maximum Rating or Setting of Protective Devices† includes an overload relay table within the starter enclosure. This
Fuse Circuit Breaker* table states the maximum fuse size ratings to be used which will
Non-Time-Delay Dual-Element Instantaneous Inverse adequately protect the overload relay heaters. The protective
All Class CC Time-Delay Type Only Time Type device used, in such cases, must be a fuse.
300% 175% 800% 250%
†See Article 430, Section 430-52. TYPICAL EXAMPLE: The chart shown below is typical for starter
* For latest information, check manufacturer’s data and/or Underwriters’ Laboratories U.L. manufacturers and may be found on the inside of the door of the
Standard #508 for damage and warning label requirements. starter enclosure. (See starter manufacturer for specific
recommendation.)
What about starter withstandability and Section 110-10 requirements for
component protection? Heater Full Load Current Max.
Code of Motor (Amperes) Fuse
SIZE 1 STARTER LISTED FOR 5000 Marking (40°C Ambient)
AMPS WITH THE 50A BREAKER 71/2 HP XX03 .25- .27 1
Short-circuit current (22A) XX04 .28- .31 3
should not exceed M XX05 .32- .34 3
5000 amperes XX06 .35- .38 3
NON-CURRENT-LIMITING
CIRCUIT BREAKER XX14 .76- .83 6
XX15 .84- .91 6
Under short-circuit conditions, the branch circuit protective device XX16 .92-1.00 6
must protect the circuit components from extensive damage. XX17 1.01-1.11 6
Therefore, the following factors should be analyzed: available XX18 1.12-1.22 6
short-circuit current, let-thru characteristics of the overcurrent Above Heaters for use on Size 0
protective device, and starter withstandability.
As an Example, a Size 1 Starter has been tested by U.L. with Section 240-6 has an exception listing additional standard fuse
5000 ampere minimum available short-circuit current per U.L. ampere ratings of 1, 3, 6 and 10 amperes. The lower ratings were
Standard 508. Thus, in the example above, the available short- added to provide more effective protection for circuits with small
circuit currents should not exceed 5000 amperes since the circuit motors, in accordance with Sections 430-52 and 430-40 and
breaker is not current-limiting. requirements for protecting the overload relays in controllers for
Additionally an MCP, if used in a combination controller, must very small motors. Fuse manufacturers have available other
be listed for that specific combination. The MCP cannot be used intermediate fuse ampere ratings to provide closer circuit
as a separate motor branch circuit short-circuit protective device protection (such as sizing dual-element fuses at 125% of motor
to protect a motor controller. Applications of MCP’s on many current) or to comply with “Maximum Fuse” sizes specified in
motors, i.e., high efficiency or high Code Letter, may cause the controller manufacturer’s overload relay tables.
MCP to operate needlessly, even when sized at 1700% of motor
current. Some MCP’s require an additional component which A paragraph of Section 430-52 allows other fuses to be used in place of
accommodates or overlooks the inrush to allow motor start-up. those allowed in Table 430-152. Why is this Code provision necessary?
Some “solid-state” motor starters and drives require fuses
In the circuit below using a Buss LOW-PEAK YELLOW ™ dual-element specifically designed to protect semiconductor components. The
time-delay fuse, can available short-circuit current exceed 5000 Code provision was necessary in order to give branch circuit,
amperes? short-circuit and ground fault “recognition” to these fuses.
24
430-53 Covers Requirements for Connecting Several Motors or Loads on One Branch Circuit
What does this Section mean? Section 430-71 defines the control circuit of a motor controller
(control apparatus). The relationship of a control circuit to the
BRANCH CIRCUIT circuit carrying the main power current is illustrated in the circuit
FUSE
diagram at left.
M
CONTROL CIRCUIT
BRANCH CIRCUIT M
FUSE Control circuit
M within
enclosure
Do the two circuits shown below require individual control circuit protec- What does Exception No. 2 mean?
tion? If the control conductors leave the enclosure, they can be
LPS-RK40SP
considered to be protected by the branch circuit fuse, if that fuse
does not exceed the values of Table 430-72(b) Column C.
25 HP
M 34A (Exception No. 2)
Control conductors
extending beyond enclosure
No. The LPS-RK40SP ampere fuses are sized within the 40 ampere
requirement for #16 conductor within an enclosure. (See Table The motor branch circuit protective device is considered also to
430-72(b).) protect the control conductors if it does not exceed the values of
Column C.
80A
Comparison By Largest HP Motor (460V) Circuit Where Branch Circuit Protective Device Is Considered To Protect The Control Conductors Per
430-72(b) (2), Exc. 1 and 2.
Protective Approx. Level Of Control Circuit Control Circuit
Device Size As Percent Protection Within Enclosure Extending Beyond Enclosure
Motor F.L.A. #18 #16 #14 #18 #16 #14
125% Overload 15HP 25HP 60HP 3HP 5HP 25HP
LOW-PEAK YELLOW and Branch
or FUSETRON Fuse Circuit
175% 10HP 15HP 40HP 2HP 3HP 15HP
Non-Time-Delay 300% 5HP 71/2 H P 20HP 1HP 11/2 H P 10HP
Fuse
Thermal Magnetic 250% Branch 5HP 10HP 30HP 11/2 H P 2HP 10HP
Circuit Breaker Circuit
1 1
Instantaneous 1000%* Only 1HP 2HP 5HP /4 H P /2 H P 2HP
Only Circuit
Breaker
*Instantaneous only circuit breakers cannot provide any overload protection. Typically to hold starting currents, instantaneous trip is set at 1000% to 1700% of motor full-load amperes.
Even though a fuse or circuit breaker can be sized at 300% or 400% of insulation breakdown and melting of the conductors. For example,
the conductor ampacity, what level of control conductor protection can be if the control circuit run were of considerable length, the conductor
expected? impedance might be sufficiently high to limit fault currents to 200%
The protective device would respond only to high level conductor to 400% of the conductor ampacity. Thus, oversized overcurrent
overcurrents; the control conductors would not be protected devices would provide inadequate protection. In contrast, fuses
against lower overcurrent levels. This lack of protection could sized to the conductors ampacity would provide full-range
result in a prolonged 200% control circuit overcurrent and eventual overcurrent protection; their use is to be recommended.
26
430-72(c) Covers Motor Control-Circuit Transformer Protection
What does this Section Mean? However, inclusion of fuse protection in the primary of the
control transformer would minimize this type of hazard. Buss type
Primary Fuse Protection Only. FNQ or FNQ-R Time-Delay fuses could be sized as low as 125% of
Transformer Primary Fuse the transformer full-load amperes. Buss type KTK or KTK-R fast-
Primary Ampacity acting fuses could typically be sized at 300% of the primary full-
Current Must Not Exceed load amperes. When applying fuses, the time-current
Less than 2 amperes 500%* (Exception No. 2)* characteristics should be checked to determine if the fuse can hold
2 to 9 amperes 167% the inrush magnetizing current of the transformer.
9 amperes or more 125%
*Primary protection using time-delay fuses sized not in excess of 250% is recommended. Fuses Commonly Used in Control Circuits.
There are several fuse types which have small dimensions that are
Primary and Secondary Fuse Protection. ideally suited for control circuit protection. The KTK-R, FNQ-R and
Primary Fuse Secondary Secondary LP-CC fuses are listed as Class CC fuses, and JJN (JJS) fuses are
Does Not Exceed Current Fuse listed as Class T fuses. The other fuses shown are listed as
250% 9 amperes or more 125% supplementary protection. When used for control transformer, coil,
250% Less than 9 amperes 167% or solenoid protection, the fuse should be selected to withstand the
inrush current for the required time.
Application Guideline to 430-72(c), Exception No. 1.
Symbol Voltage Ampere Interrupting Comment
The conditions of 430-72(c), Exception No. 1, permits the use of a Rating Rating Class Rating
control transformer rated less than 50 VA* without the inclusion of Branch Circuit Rejection Fuses
individual protection on the primary side of the transformer in the FNQ-R 600V 15/100 thru 10 CC* 200KA
control circuit proper. Thus, protection of the transformer primary LP-CC 600V 1/ 2 thru 30 CC* 200KA Time-delay in
against short-circuit currents is dependent upon the device used LPJ 600V 1 thru 600 J* 300KA overload region
for branch circuit protection. However, consideration should be SC 480V 6 thru 60 G* 100KA
given to protecting the control transformer on the primary side with KTK-R 600V 1/10 thru 30 CC* 200KA No intentional
individual fuses specifically sized for control transformer JJN 300V 1 thru 1200 T* 200KA time-delay
protection. JJS 600V 1 thru 800 T* 200KA in the overload
SC 480V 1/ 2 thru 5 G* 100KA region
60A Supplementary Fuses
FNQ 500V 1/10 thru 30 SUP.* 10KA
* FNW 250V 12 thru 30 SUP.* 10KA
FNM 250V 0 thru 1 SUP.* 35A
480V 120V FNM 250V 1.1 thru 3.5 SUP.* 100A
(25VA) FNM 250V 3.6 thru 10 SUP.* 200A Time-delay in the
FNM 125V 10.1 thru 15 SUP.* 10KA overload region
.05A normal F.L.C.
(breakdown of transformer windings could cause FNM 32V 15.1 thru 30 SUP. 1KA
FNA 250V 1/10 thru 8/10 SUP.* 35A
current to increase many times over normal level but
less than 60A) *Conductor protection still required per FNA 125V 1 thru 15 SUP.* 10KA
Section 430-72(b) FNA 32V 15.1 thru 30 SUP. 1KA
KTK 600V 1/10 thru 30 SUP.* 100KA
Take the case, for instance, in which a short occurs in a control BAF 250V 1/ 2 thru 1 SUP.* 35A
transformer (such as would result from insulation deterioration and BAF 250V 1.1 thru 3.5 SUP.* 100A
breakdown). (See diagram above in which a 60 ampere branch BAF 250V 3.6 thru 10 SUP.* 200A No intentional
circuit fuse is shown.) Now, if the overcurrent drawn by the control BAF 250V 10.1 thru 15 SUP.* 750A time-delay
circuit as a result of the shorted control transformer is relatively low BAF 125V 15.1 thru 30 SUP. 10KA in the overload
(actually could be less than 60 amperes) compared to the BAN 250V 2/10 thru 1 SUP. 35A region
response time of the 60 ampere branch circuit fuse or circuit BAN 250V 1.1 thru 3.5 SUP. 100A
breaker, the transformer could become so hot that extensive BAN 250V 3.6 thru 10 SUP. 200A
damage could be done to the insulation of the control conductors BAN 250V 10.1 thru 15 SUP. 750A
. . . the transformer itself could burst into flames. BAN 250V 15.1 thru 30 SUP. 1500A
* U.L. Listed
*Control Transformers rated less than 50 VA are usually impedance protected or have
other types of protection, such as inherent protection.
27
430-94 Covers Motor Control Center Protection
LPS-RK
600A Bus 600SP
600A Bus
440-22 Covers Application and Selection of the Branch Circuit Protection for
HVAC Equipment
What are the requirements of this Section? 440-22(e) states that if the manufacturer's heater table shows a
The branch circuit protective device may be sized at the maximum maximum protective device less than that allowed above, the
value of 175% of the motor-compressor rated load current. If the protective device rating shall not exceed the manufacturer's values
motor cannot start due to high inrush currents, this value may be (refer to Section 430-52 also).
increased to, but cannot exceed, 225% of motor rated current.
M M M M M
83A 83A 83A 83A 83A
28
450-3 Covers Protection Requirements for Transformers
Using the same logic, if the single secondary main is eliminated No Single Secondary Device
and thermal magnetic circuit breakers are utilized as branch circuit
protection, only three of the motors can be connected because the
thermal-magnetic breakers will have been sized at approximately
250% of motor F.L.A. (83 x 250% = 207.5A)
250%
No Single Secondary Device 150 KVA
250%
581A MCP
150 KVA
M M M M M
83A 83A 83A 83A 83A
What is the general content of this Section? This part of the Section sets the overcurrent protection require-
ments of transformers (over 600 volts): The primary should be
Z = 6% (or less) protected by an individual protective device with fuse rating not in
PRI. SEC. excess of 300% of the primary's rated current. Secondary sizing is
over 600V
Unsupervised dependent upon whether or not the location is "supervised".
600V or less
Location
Fuse at Fuse at
300% of F.L.A. of primary 125% of
F.L.A. of secondary
29
450-3(b) Covers Protection Requirements for Transformers 600 Volts or Less
What is the general content of this Section? Protection of circuit conductors is required per Articles 240 and
This section covers protection requirements of transformers, 600 310; protection of panelboards per Article 384. Specific sections
volts or less. Fusing requirements are shown in the illustrated which should be referenced are Sections 240-3, 240-21 and
example below. Section 384-16d.
PRIMARY PROTECTION ONLY Note: Transformer overload protection will not be provided by using
No secondary
overcurrent protective devices sized much greater than the trans-
protection
former F.L.A. The limits of 167%, 250% and 300% will not adequately
Fuse must not be PRI. & SEC. protect transformers. It is suggested that for transformer overload
larger than 125% 600V or less protection, the fuse size should be within 125% of the transformer full-
of F.L.A. of primary load amperes.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PROTECTION ONLY
There is a wide range of fuse ampere ratings available to
PRI. & SEC. properly protect transformers. FUSETRON® (Class RK5) and LOW-
600V or less PEAK YELLOW™ (Class RK1) dual-element fuses can often be sized
on the transformer primary and/or secondary, rated as low as 125%
of the transformer F.L.A. These dual-element fuses have sufficient
125% of F.L.A.
Fuse no larger than of secondary
time delay to withstand the high magnetizing inrush currents of
250% of F.L.A. (except as noted) transformers. There is a wide ampere rating selection in the 0 to 15
of primary when ampere range for these dual-element fuses to provide protection for
secondary fuses even small control transformers.
are provided at 125%
30
501-6(b) Covers Fuses for Class I, Division 2 Locations
What is the importance of the addition of “non-indicating, silver sand, What is the importance of 501-6(b)(5)?
current-limiting type” to Section 501-6(b)(3)? General Comment–These fuses are used to isolate a faulted fixture
A reference to a “non-indicating, silver sand, current-limiting type” ballast and maintain continuity of service. Listed or recognized
fuse has been added to Section 501-6(b)(3). The intent of this branch circuit or supplementary fuses may be used. Additionally,
reference is to suggest the use of non-indicating, filled, current- the GLR fuse is used on ballasts that have a 200 ampere short-
limiting fuses. The description “silver sand” is used as a generic circuit withstand rating such as Class P ballasts.
reference in describing filled, current-limiting fuses, not as a
20A
description for a specific type of fuse link or filler material. The CIRCUIT
following is a partial list of non-indicating fuses which are current- BREAKER 2,000 Amperes Row of Fluorescent
limiting: 20' #12 WIRE Available Fixtures
Class CC LP-CC 1/2 - 30, KTK-R 3 - 30, FNQ-R 2 - 10
Class J LPJ_SP 15 - 600, JKS 0 - 600 Lighting
Class L KRP-C_SP 601 - 6000, KTU 601 - 6000, Panel
KLU 601 - 4000
Class RK1 KTN-R 1 - 600, KTS-R 35 - 600
GLR Fuse
Opens
Fixture
Faulted Ballast Ballasts
What does this Section mean? What is one of the most important design parameters of the power
If ground fault protection is placed on the main service or feeder of distribution system of a health care facility?
a health care facility, ground fault protection must also be placed Selective coordination. To minimize the disruption of power and
on the next level of feeders. The separation between ground fault blackouts in a distribution system, it is absolutely mandatory that
relay time bands for any feeder and main ground fault relay must the overcurrent protective devices be selectively coordinated.
be at least 6 cycles in order to achieve coordination between these
two ground fault relays. In health care facilities where no ground What is selective coordination?
fault protection is placed on the main or feeder, no ground fault A selectively coordinated system is one in which the overcurrent
protection is necessary at the next level down. Therefore, if the protective devices have been selected so that only the overcurrent
requirements of Sections 230-95 and 215-10 do not require ground device protecting that circuit in which a fault occurs opens; other
fault protection, then no ground fault protection is required on the circuits in the system are not disturbed. The danger of a major
downstream feeders either. power failure in a health care facility such as a hospital is self
evident. In any facility, a rampant power failure is at least
If the ground fault protection of the feeder coordinates with the main inconvenient, if not quite costly; in a hospital, it can easily give rise
ground fault protection, will complete coordination between the main and to panic and endanger lives. Continuity of electrical service by
feeder be assured for all ground faults? selective coordination of the protection devices is a must. (See
No, not necessarily! Merely providing coordinated ground fault Section 240-12, System Coordination, of this Bulletin for a more
relays does not prevent a main service blackout caused by feeder detailed explanation of selective coordination).
ground faults. The overcurrent protective devices must also be
selectively coordinated. The intent of Section 517-17 is to achieve
“100 percent selectivity” for all magnitudes of ground fault current
and overcurrents. 100% selectivity requires that the overcurrent
protective devices be selectively coordinated for medium and high
magnitude ground fault currents because the conventional
overcurrent devices may operate at these levels. (See discussion
of Section 240-12, System Coordination, for a more detailed
explanation of selective coordination).
Switchboard withstand
rating 50,000A when
protected by a current-
31 limiting fuse
550-6(b) Covers Overcurrent Protection 620-62 Covers Selective Coordination of
Requirements for Mobile Homes and Parks Overcurrent Protective Devices for Elevators
TIME IN SECONDS
M 4
MAIN marked max. fuse 20 Amp. 3 90A
20A FUSE
2
1
Note: If the nameplate on a device states “Maximum Fuse Size”, then fuses that size or .8
smaller must be used somewhere in the circuit. .6 Elevator
.4
Controller
.3
.2
2,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
30,000
100
200
300
400
600
800
32
700-5 Covers Emergency Systems – Their Capacity and Rating
Branch
Fixture No. 3 Fault
(Opens)
Fixture No. 4
BLACKOUT PREVENTION!
What does this fine print note require?
Increased Reliability
In order to maximize the reliability of emergency systems, the
overcurrent devices must be selectively coordinated. †Time- COMPLIANCE
current curves of both fuses and circuit breakers must be
examined to determine whether or not only the overcurrent device
closest to a fault opens. If additional upstream devices open, the Not
1000A Open
system is not selectively coordinated, causing additional sections
of the emergency system to black out and therefore, reducing the
reliability of that system.
BLACKOUT!
Reduced Reliability
VIOLATION Not
225A
1000A Open
Opens
I.T.=10x
225A Opens
I.T.=8x.
20A Opens
Fault exceeding the instantaneous trip setting of all three circuit †Selective coordination of overcurrent protective devices is addressed in Publication
breakers in series will open all three. This will blackout the entire NFPA110 “Emergency and Standby Power Systems”. Section 4-5 (1988) states that
emergency system. these devices shall be coordinated to ensure selective tripping of the circuit overcurrent
protective devices when a short-circuit occurs. (Appendix A, Section A-4-5.1 also
addresses selective coordination).
33
701-6 Covers Legally Required Standby Systems – Their Capacity and Rating
What does this Section mean? What must be added to this Control Circuit to comply with 725-23?
Class 1 Control Circuit Conductors shall be protected by fuses at
their ampacities. In addition, #18 and #16 shall be protected at 7 VIOLATION
amperes and 10 amperes, respectively.
20 Amp
BRANCH
20 Amp
BRANCH
7 Amp Fuse
34
Buss Fuse Selection Chart (600 Volts or Less).
Circuit Load Ampere Fuse Symbol Voltage Class Interrupting Remarks
Rating Type Rating Rating
(AC) (KA)
Conventional Dimensions–Class RK1, RK5 (1/10-600A), L (601-6000A)
1
All type loads– /10 LOW-PEAK LPN-RK_SP 250V* RK1†† 300 All-purpose fuses.
resistive or to YELLOW™ LPS-RK_SP 600V* Unequaled for combined
inductive (optimum 600A (dual-element, short-circuit and
overcurrent time-delay) overload protection.
protection). 601 to LOW-PEAK KRP-C_SP 600V L 300 (Specification grade product)
6000A YELLOW™
(time-delay)
1
Motors, welders, /10 FUSETRON® FRN-R 250V* RK5†† 200 Moderate degree of
transformers, to (dual-element, FRS-R 600V* current limitation. Time-delay
capacitor banks 600A time-delay) passes surge currents.
(circuits with heavy 601 to LIMITRON® KLU 600V L 200 General purpose fuse.
Main, inrush currents). 4000A (time-delay) Time-delay passes
Feeder surge-currents.
and Non-motor loads KTN-R 250V RK1†† 200 Same short-circuit protection
Branch (circuits with no 1 KTS-R 600V as LOW-PEAK fuses, but
heavy inrush to must be sized larger for
LIMITRON®
currents). 600A circuits with surge currents,
(fast-acting)
LIMITRON fuses i.e., up to 300%.
suited for circuit 601 to KTU 600V L 200 A fast-acting, high-
breaker protection. 6000A performance fuse.
Reduced Dimensions For Installation in Restricted Space–Class J(1-600A), T(1-1200A), CC(1/10-30A), G(1/2-60A)
All type loads LOW-PEAK LPJ_SP 600V* J 300 All-purpose fuses.
(optimum YELLOW™ Unequaled for combined
overcurrent (dual-element, short-circuit and overload
protection). 1 time-delay) protection. (Specification
to grade product).
Non-motor loads 600A LIMITRON® JKS 600V J 200 Very similar to KTS-R
(circuits with no (quick-acting) LIMITRON, but smaller.
heavy inrush 1 to T-TRON™ JJN 300V T 200 The space saver (1/3 the
currents). 1200A JJS 600V size of KTN-R/KTS-R).
1
Control transformer /10 to 30A LIMITRON® KTK-R 600V CC 200 Very compact (13/32" x
circuits and lighting (fast-acting) 11/2"); rejection feature.
ballasts, etc. 1
/4 to 10A CC-TRON™ FNQ-R Excellent for control
Branch (time-delay) transformer protection .
All type loads - LOW-PEAK LP-CC
1
especially small /2 to 30A YELLOW™
HP motors (time-delay)
1
General purpose, /2 SC SC 300V G 100 Current-limiting;
i.e., lighting to 13/32"
dia. x varying
panelboards. 60A lengths per ampere rating.
1
Miscellaneous. /8 ONE-TIME NON 250V H or K5† 10 Forerunners of
to NOS 600V the modern
600A SUPER-LAG® REN 250V H 10 cartridge fuse.
General RENEWABLE RES 600V
Purpose Plug fuses can 1
/4 FUSTAT® S 125V S 10 Base threads of Type S
(non- be used for to (dual-element, differ with ampere ratings.
current- branch circuits 30A time-delay) T and W have Edison-base.
limiting and small T & S fuses recommended
FUSETRON® T 125V ** 10
fuses) component for motor circuits. W not
(dual-element,
protection. time-delay) recommended for circuits
with motor loads.
Buss Type W W 125V ** 10
* LPN-RK_SP, 125VDC; LPS-RK_SP, 300VDC. FRN-R, 125VDC; FRS-R, 300VDC; LPJ_SP, 300VDC.
** Listed as Edison-Base Plug Fuse.
† Some ampere ratings are available as Class K5 with a 50,000A interrupting rating.
†† RK1 and RK5 fuses fit standard switches, fuseblocks and holders; however, the rejection feature of Class R switches and fuseblocks designed specifically for rejection type fuses
(RK1 and RK5) prevent the insertion of the non-rejection fuses (K1, K5 and H).
Bussmann Cooper Industries, Inc. Bussmann Division, P.O. Box 14460, St. Louis, MO 63178-4460
Sales Offices: U.S.A. 314-527-3877 • United Kingdom 44-1509-880737
Denmark 45-44850910 • Germany 49-6105-76968 • Singapore 65-227-5346
Australia 61-2-743-8333 • Mexico 525-352-0088 • India 91-80-225-1133