Discrete Wavelet Transform based OFDM-IDMA

System with AWGN Channel

Abstract-- This paper presents a model which is Discrete Wavelet
Transform based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-
Interleaver Division Multiple Access (OFDM-IDMA) system for
next generation wireless communication system. With IDMA,
interleavers are the only means of user separation. In Discrete
Fourier Transform based OFDM-IDMA systems, signals only
overlap in the frequency domain while the Wavelet Transform
signals overlap both in the time and frequency domains, so there
is no need for the cyclic prefix (CP) in the proposed model.
Performance of the proposed model is experimented and
compared for different BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM channel with
transmitter & receivers and observed better BER. Also
compared for different wavelet families and found the suitable
with Daubechie wavelet. The proposed model Comparisons with
other alternative technologies such as DFT-OFDM-IDMA is
provided. The proposed model is discussed for multi-user
detection, flexible rate adaptation, frequency diversity, and
significant advantages regarding spectral and power efficiency.
This paper concludes with efficient performance of the system
which can be considerable for next wireless communication
system.
Index Terms Bit Error Rate (BER), Cyclic Prefix (CP),
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Wavelet Transform
(DWT), Interleaver Division Multiple Access (IDMA),
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
I. INTRODUCTION
Mobile communications require high data rates including
video conferencing, music or movie appreciation, games,
internet access. Since the radio bandwidth spectrum is limited,
it is necessary to find techniques to increase spectral
efficiency [1]. The next generation of wireless systems will
require higher data quality than current cellular mobile radio
systems. In other words, the next generation of wireless
communication systems are supposed to have a better quality
and coverage, be more powerful and bandwidth efficient, and
be deployed in diverse environments. The fundamental
phenomenon which makes reliable wireless transmission
difficult is time-varying multipath fading [2].High data rate
transmission over mobile or wireless channels is required by
Author is with the Department of Electronics & Communication Jabalpur
Engineering College, Jabalpur (M.P.), India,Email: (Jec10vijay@gmail.com,
agyamishra@gmail.com)
978-1-4673-5630-5//13/$31.00 2013 IEEE


many applications. However, the symbol duration reduces
with the increase of the data rate, and dispersive fading of the
wireless channels will cause more severe inter-symbol-
interference (ISI) if single-carrier modulation [3]. In order to
fulfill these all requirements we use DWT in case of DFT in
OFDM-IDMA system. DWT based OFDM-IDMA signals
overlap both in the time and frequency domains, so there is no
need for the CP as in the DFT-OFDM-IDMA case. Therefore,
by using this transformation, the spectral containment of the
channel is improved [4]. DWT-OFDM-IDMA system
experimental analysis shows that this system gives better
quality and coverage, to be more powerful and bandwidth
efficient also high data rate transmission was achieved. From
the simulation results the DWT-OFDM-IDMA system
performs better as compared to DFT-OFDM-IDMA system in
term of BER performance for next generation wireless
communication system. OFDM is a digital modulation scheme
in which a wideband signal is split into a number of
narrowband signals. Because the symbol duration of a
narrowband signal will be larger than that of a wideband
signal, the amount of time dispersion caused by multipath
delay spread is reduced [5].
The paper is organized as follows: Section II briefly
describes the OFDM system. In Section III discussed the
IDMA principle. Section IV presents the proposed model.
Section V presents the experimental results and discussion.
Section VI concludes the paper.
II. OFDM SYSTEM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a
special case of multicarrier modulation (MCM) in which
multiple user symbols are transmitted in parallel using
different subcarriers with overlapping frequency bands that
are mutually orthogonal. In OFDM each subcarrier has an
integer number of cycles within a given time interval T, and
the number of cycles by which each adjacent subcarrier differs
is exactly one [5, 10]. Here some drawbacks of the OFDM
system. They are not sensitive to the near-far effect. On the
other hand, orthogonal schemes have some common
disadvantages. OFDM is a digital modulation scheme in
which a wideband signal is split into a number of narrowband
signals. Because the symbol duration of a narrowband signal
will be larger than that of a wideband signal, the amount of
time dispersion caused by multipath delay spread is reduced.
They are sensitive to cross-cell interference and Frame
synchronization is usually necessary to maintain orthogonality
[11]. High linearity normally implies low efficiency and large
power dissipation, which is prohibitive for use in portable
wireless applications.
Vijay Kumar Kol and Agya Mishra

III. IDMA PRINCIPLES
In IDMA [68] each user is assigned a unique interleaver,
which is used to distinguish it from other users. IDMA can be
regarded as a special form of CDMA. An attractive feature of
IDMA is that it allows the use of a low-complexity iterative
MUD technique that is applicable to systems with a large
number of users. The basic principles of IDMA are illustrated
in Fig.1.

IDMA Principles







The interleavers n
1
. n
K
must be user-specific.
Fig.-1: The basic IDMA principles
At the transmitter side, the information data from user k is
first encoded by an FEC encoder labeled by ENC. The
resultant signal is then interleaved by its unique interleaver
n
k
before transmission. Let us consider a flat fading channel
(i.e., single-path channel). The received signal can be written
as
r(n) = b
k
(n)x
k
(n) + z(n) (1o)
K
k=1

= b
k
(n)x
k
(n) +
k
(n) (1b)
where b
k
(n) is the fading coefficient seen by user k at time n,
{z(n)} are samples of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN),
and
k
(n) = b
k
(n)x
k
(n) + z(n)
m=k
represents the
interference plus noise component in r(n) with respect to user
k at time n. From the central limit theorem, x
k
(n) can be
approximated by a Gaussian random variable. The core of the
IDMA receiver in Fig. 1 consists of the iteration of the
following two operations.
Estimate x
k
(n) based on Eq. (1b). This is a standard
signal detection problem since Eq. (1b) is in a signal
plus noise form. It is carried out by the elementary
signal estimator (ESE) shown in Fig.1. Under the
Gaussian approximation,
k
(n) is completely
characterized by its mean E(
k
(n) ) and variance
Var(
k
(n)). A fast technique is described in [6] to
compute E(
k
(n)) and Var(
k
(n)).
Process the outputs of the above operation using the a
posteriori probability decoders (APP DECs). The
results are used to refine the estimates of the mean
and variance of
k
(n) . To be used in the next
iteration.
In MUD for conventional CDMA systems, matrix
operations are required to handle the correlation among the
spreading sequences of different users [9]. With IDMA (and
OFDM-IDMA discussed in the next section), chip-level
interleaving ensures that the transmitted sequences from
different users are almost un-correlated. Consequently, matrix
operations are not necessary and the simple CBC detection
outlined above (with cost independent of K) is sufficient to
provide near optimal performance. This removes the main
obstacle to MUD in applications. Thus, the interleavers must
be carefully designed to ensure good performance, low
memory requirements and low computational complexity.
IV. PROPOSED MODEL:-DWT-OFDM-IDMA
This paper presents the basic principles of DWT-OFDM-
IDMA system for next generation wireless communication
system. Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) is a
recently proposed technique for multiple access
communications. With IDMA, interleavers are the only means
of user separation. Thus, the interleavers must be carefully
designed to ensure good performance, low memory
requirements and low computational complexity.
The proposed model Comparisons with other alternative
technologies such as DFT-OFDM-IDMA and DWT-OFDM
are provided. Some attractive features of DWT-OFDM-IDMA
are explained, including low cost iterative multi-user
detection, flexible rate adaptation, frequency diversity, and
significant advantages regarding spectral and power
efficiency. Performance of the proposed model is
experimented and compared for different BPSK, QPSK, 16
QAM channel with transmitter & receivers and observed
better BER & compared with other alternative technologies in
wireless communication system.
Fig.-2 shows the transmitter/receiver structure of DWT-
OFDM-IDMA system with 16-QAM and K users. The coded
signals are first interleaved by user-specific interleavers {n
k
}.
Then the resultant signals, again denoted by {x
k
(n) }, are
modulated onto subcarriers by using IDWT. Each subcarrier
can be occupied by several users, so users are solely
distinguished by their interleavers. The received signal after
DWT can be represented by
R(n) = E
k
(n)x
k
(n) + Z(n) (2o)
K
k=1

= E
k
(n)x
k
(n) +
k
(n) (2b)
where E
k
(n) is referred to as the channel gain of the n
th

subcarrier for user k, Z(n) denotes AWGN at subcarrier n, and

k
(n) = E
k
(n)x
k
(n) + Z(n)
m=k
represents the interference
plus noise component in R(n) with respect to user k at
subcarrier n. From the central limit theorem,
k
(n) can again
C
C
C
n
1
n
k
n
K
User-1
+
User-k
User-K
AWGN
be approximated by a Gaussian random variable. The similarity between Equation 1 and 2 indicates that the receiver








Fig.-2 Proposed Model of DWT Based OFDM-IDMA System.

Principles outlined for IDMA earlier can be directly applied to
DWT-OFDM-IDMA system. Suppose that the aggregate rate
R in Fig. 2 is fixed and each user has a single-user rate R/K.
When K is large, the single-user rate R/K will be low. A
simple and convenient way to realize a low-rate code is
concatenating a common FEC code (such as a rate-1/2
convolution or turbo or LDPC code) with a repetition code. In
this case, the repetition coding acts similarly as the spreading
operation for CDMA. The outputs of a repetition encoder are
dispersed over different subcarriers after IDWT. At the
receiver, the inputs to a repetition decoder are collected from
different subcarriers and combined. As a
result, the frequency selective part of fading (i.e., the
difference among the gains of different subcarriers) is
averaged out when the rate of repetition coding is sufficiently
low (e.g., 1/8), and the average channel gains of subcarriers
become the dominating factor, hence achieving frequency
diversity. The above also implies a fast technique to predict
the performance of DWT-OFDM-IDMA based on knowledge
of the average channel gains. The availability of a fast
performance prediction technique is crucial for search-based
system optimization. In particular, it has been shown in [2]
that the spectral and power efficiency of IDMA can be greatly
enhanced by using an unequal power allocation strategy [12].
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The performance evaluation and power allocation
techniques for the DWT-OFDM-IDMA system with different
system configurations and channel conditions are
experimented. DWT-OFDM-IDMA is experimented for
different models like QAM, BPSK, & QPSK. Firstly all the
performance is tested for different E
b
/N
o
(dB) values then
compared with existing standard of OFDM system.
A. BER analysis of different modulations
The proposed model is designed 144 samples per frame for
16 QAM & BPSK, QPSK using a rate convolution code
generator with AWGN channel and observed better BER for
different E
b
/N
o
(dB).

Fig.-3. Plot for BER -vs- Eb/No with AWGN channel.
The effect of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) to
the performance of the proposed model for three modulation
techniques including 16-QAM, BPSK and QPSK is plot BER
versus E
b
/N
o
(dB) in Fig.-3. Through the simulation result that
the BER of 16-QAM is 0 at 14 E
b
/N
o
(dB) while the BER of
BPSK & QPSK are 0.0002 and 0.0025 at 14 E
b
/N
o
(dB). So
from the fig. 3 concluded that the proposed model using 16-
QAM modulation perform better than QPSK and BPSK
modulations.
B. Performance analysis using different Wavelet families
The Three Wavelet is considered i.e. Haar, Daubechies,
and Symlets with 16-QAM modulation technique over
0 5 10 15 20
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
Eb/No (dB)
B
E
R
Eb/No vs BER for DWT-OFDM-IDMA System


16-QAM
BPSK
QPSK
User K
User K
User 1
x
K
|n]
x
k
|n]
x
1
|n] X
1
|i]
X
k
|i]
X
K
|i]
r[n]
User 1
User K
User K
EN SP n
1
IDWT

Multiple
access
multipath
channel
DWT

Elementa
ry signal
estimator
(ESE)
n
1
-1

EN
DES
&
DEC
n
k
-1

n
1

DES
&
DEC
SP
IDWT
n
k

DES
&
DEC
n
k

n
K
-1

n
K

EN
SP
IDWT n
K

OFDM Layer
IDMA Layer
AWGN channel. We observed through simulation
performances that the daubechies wavelet based OFDM-
IDMA system gives the better BER performance over AWGN
channel.
The BER performance of Haar, Daubechies and Symlets
wavelet based OFDM-IDMA system over AWGN channel
using 16-QAM modulation is given plot in fig.-4.

Fig.-4. Plot of BER vs- Eb/No for different Wavelets Families.
C. Comparison of DWT-OFDM-IDMA and DFT-OFDM-
IDMA system
We observed through the simulation performance of
DWT-OFDM-IDMA System is better as compared to DFT-
OFDM-IDMA System in terms of BER over AWGN channel .

Fig.-5. Plot of BER -vs- Eb/No for DWT-OFDM-IDMA and DFT-OFDM-
IDMA system
The effect of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) to
the performance of DWT-OFDM-IDMA system and DFT-
OFDM-IDMA system with 16-QAM modulation techniques is
given plot BER versus E
b
/N
o
(dB) in Fig.-5.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
This paper concludes with successful performances of
proposed model DWT-OFDM-IDMA system for next
generation wireless communication system. The proposed
model is experimented for different parameters like, different
modulators, using wavelet families and found quite efficient.
The comparison between DWT-OFDM-IDMA system and
DFT-OFDM-IDMA system are also observed in this paper.
We found through that the simulation analysis the DWT-
OFDM-IDMA system performs better than DFT-OFDM-
IDMA system in terms of BER. Performance of the proposed
model is experimented and also compared for different BPSK,
QPSK and 16-QAM AWGN channel with transmitter &
receivers and observed for better BER and convergence are
fast for wireless communication system . This paper also
concludes that the wavelets families like, Haar, Daubechies
and Symlets based OFDM-IDMA system using 16-QAM is
the best approach for next generation multiple access
techniques and wireless communication systems.
REFERENCES

[1] Mahafeno, C. Langlais, and C. Jego, OFDM-IDMA versus IDMA with
ISI cancellation for quasi-static Rayleigh fading multipath channels, IN
Pro. 4th Int. Symp. on Turbo & Related Topics, (Munich, Germany),
pp.3-7, 2006.
[2] Awatif Rouijel, Benayad Nsiri, Driss Aboutajdine, Peak to Average
Power Ratio Analysis for OWDM-IDMA system. pp -978-1-61284-
732-0/11/$26.00 2010 IEEE.
[3] Li Ping, Lihai Liu, Keying Wu, W. K. Leung, "Interleave-Division
Multiple-Access, IEEE tran. on Wireless Comm., VOL. 5, pp. 938-
947,Apr. 2006.
[4] AbdolrezaKiani, GholamrezaBaghersalimi, BahmanZanj, Performance
Assessment of DFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM Systems in the Presence
of the HPA Nonlinearity,pp 214-216, june 15-17,2011.
[5] Roshani Agrawal, Agya Mishra. The OFDM-IDMA system for next
generation wireless communication,IMPAT-2011,India.17-19 Dec-
2011.
[6] L. Liu, J. Tong, and Li Ping, Analysis and Optimization of CDMA
Systems with Chip-Level Interleavers, IEEE JSAC, vol. 24, Jan. 2006,
pp. 14150.
[7] H. Schoeneich and P. A. Hoeher, Adaptive Interleave Division
Multiple Access A Potential Air Interface for 4G Bearer Services and
Wireless LANs, Proc. WOCN 2004, Muscat, Oman, June 2004, pp.
17982.
[8] K. Kusume and G. Bauch, CDMA and IDMA: Iterative Multiuser
Detections for Near-Far Asynchronous Communications, IEEE Intl.
Symp. Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Commun. (PIMRC05),
Berlin, Germany, vol. 1, Sept. 2005, pp. 42631.
[9] X. Wang and H. V. Poor, Iterative (Turbo) Soft Interference
Cancellation and Decoding for Coded CDMA, IEEE Trans. Commun.,
vol. 47, July 1999, pp. 104661.
[10] Deepak Gupta, Vipin B Vats, Kamal K. Garg, DFT-OFDM, DCT-
OFDM, and DWT-OFDM Systems in AWGN Channel, IEEE Fourth
International Conference Wireless and Mobile Communications,(
ICWMC '08), Athens, 2008, pp. 214-216.
[11] D. Tse and P. Viswanath, "Fundamentals of Wireless
Communication," Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
[12] Li ping, Qinghua guo and Jun tong, The OFDM-IDMA Approach to
Wireless Communication Systems, IEEE Wireless Communications,
June 2007, 1536-1284/07/$20.00 2007 IEEE.
0 5 10 15 20
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
Eb/No
B
E
R
Eb/No vs BER for OFDM-IDMA with Wavelet Families


Haar
Daub
Symlet
0 5 10 15 20
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
Eb/No
B
E
R
Eb/No vs BER for DWT-OFDM-IDMA & DFT-OFDM-IDMA


DWT-OFDM-IDMA
DFT-OFDM-IDMA